The power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters.
RSC Adv 2018;
8:42080-42086. [PMID:
35558801 PMCID:
PMC9092091 DOI:
10.1039/c8ra08751b]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver and gold clusters have received a lot of recent attention for their use in biomedical imaging. However, crude solutions of clusters are often complex mixtures, leading to discrepancies in their identification and characterization; important factors in determining their utility in biological applications. In the present study, silver clusters were separated for analysis using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, which has previously been implemented in the efficient separation of gold clusters. Using fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that a certain family of glutathione-protected silver clusters, previously thought to be one optically distinct species, is better described as a complex mixture of at least three distinct silver cluster species, each possessing unique optical properties. Based on these findings, EEM spectroscopy can be implemented as a powerful technique for determining the purity of complex mixtures, especially when other techniques, including mass spectrometry, fail to provide adequate characterization of a given material.
EEM spectroscopy can be implemented as a powerful technique for determining the purity of complex mixtures, especially when other techniques, including mass spectrometry, fail to provide adequate characterization of a given material.![]()
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