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Marchetti B, Grudiev A, Craievich P, Assmann R, Braun HH, Catalan Lasheras N, Christie F, D’Arcy R, Fortunati R, Ganter R, González Caminal P, Hoffmann M, Huening M, Jaster-Merz SM, Jonas R, Marcellini F, Marx D, McMonagle G, Osterhoff J, Pedrozzi M, Prat Costa E, Reiche S, Reukauff M, Schreiber S, Tews G, Vogt M, Wesch S, Wuensch W. Experimental demonstration of novel beam characterization using a polarizable X-band transverse deflection structure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3560. [PMID: 33574395 PMCID: PMC7878911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The PolariX TDS (Polarizable X-Band Transverse Deflection Structure) is an innovative TDS-design operating in the X-band frequency-range. The design gives full control of the streaking plane, which can be tuned in order to characterize the projections of the beam distribution onto arbitrary transverse axes. This novel feature opens up new opportunities for detailed characterization of the electron beam. In this paper we present first measurements of the Polarix TDS at the FLASHForward beamline at DESY, including three-dimensional reconstruction of the charge-density distribution of the bunch and slice emittance measurements in both transverse directions. The experimental results open the path toward novel and more extensive beam characterization in the direction of multi-dimensional-beam-phase-space reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Marchetti
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.434729.f0000 0004 0590 2900Present Address: European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A. Grudiev
- grid.9132.90000 0001 2156 142XCERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P. Craievich
- grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R. Assmann
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H.-H. Braun
- grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Christie
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. D’Arcy
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Fortunati
- grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R. Ganter
- grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. González Caminal
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Hoffmann
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Huening
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. M. Jaster-Merz
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Jonas
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Marcellini
- grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Marx
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229Present Address: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 USA
| | - G. McMonagle
- grid.9132.90000 0001 2156 142XCERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - J. Osterhoff
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Pedrozzi
- grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - E. Prat Costa
- grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Reiche
- grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M. Reukauff
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Schreiber
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Tews
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Vogt
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Wesch
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W. Wuensch
- grid.9132.90000 0001 2156 142XCERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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Calvi M, Camenzuli C, Ganter R, Sammut N, Schmidt T. Magnetic assessment and modelling of the Aramis undulator beamline. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:686-705. [PMID: 29714179 PMCID: PMC5929354 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Within the SwissFEL project at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), the hard X-ray line (Aramis) has been equipped with short-period in-vacuum undulators, known as the U15 series. The undulator design has been developed within the institute itself, while the prototyping and the series production have been implemented through a close collaboration with a Swiss industrial partner, Max Daetwyler AG, and several subcontractors. The magnetic measurement system has been built at PSI, together with all the data analysis tools. The Hall probe has been designed for PSI by the Swiss company SENIS. In this paper the general concepts of both the mechanical and the magnetic properties of the U15 series of undulators are presented. A description of the magnetic measurement equipment is given and the results of the magnetic measurement campaign are reported. Lastly, the data reduction methods and the associated models are presented and their actual implementation in the control system is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Calvi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Correspondence e-mail:
| | - C. Camenzuli
- Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - R. Ganter
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - N. Sammut
- Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Th. Schmidt
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Hauri CP, Ganter R, Le Pimpec F, Trisorio A, Ruchert C, Braun HH. Intrinsic emittance reduction of an electron beam from metal photocathodes. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:234802. [PMID: 20867245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.234802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electron beams in modern linear accelerators are now becoming limited in brightness by the intrinsic emittance of the photocathode electron source. Therefore it becomes important for large scale facilities such as free electron lasers to reduce this fundamental limit. In this Letter we present measurements of the intrinsic emittance for different laser wavelength (from 261 to 282 nm) and for different photocathode materials such as Mo, Nb, Al, Cu. Values as low as 0.41±0.03 mm·mrad/mm laser spot size (rms) were measured for a copper photocathode illuminated with a 282 nm laser wavelength. The key element for emittance reduction is a uv laser system which allows adjustment of the laser photon energy to match the effective work function of the cathode material and to emit photoelectrons with a lower initial kinetic energy. The quantum efficiency over the explored wavelength range varies by less than a factor of 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Hauri
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Ganter R, Bakker R, Gough C, Leemann SC, Paraliev M, Pedrozzi M, Le Pimpec F, Schlott V, Rivkin L, Wrulich A. Laser-photofield emission from needle cathodes for low-emittance electron beams. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:064801. [PMID: 18352480 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.064801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Illumination of a ZrC needle with short laser pulses (16 ps, 266 nm) while high voltage pulses (-60 kV, 2 ns, 30 Hz) are applied, produces photo-field emitted electron bunches. The electric field is high and varies rapidly over the needle surface so that quantum efficiency (QE) near the apex can be much higher than for a flat photocathode due to the Schottky effect. Up to 150 pC (2.9 A peak current) have been extracted by photo-field emission from a ZrC needle. The effective emitting area has an estimated radius below 50 microm leading to a theoretical intrinsic emittance below 0.05 mm mrad.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ganter
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Ganter R. Letters from Mapoon: colonising Aboriginal gender. Aust Hist Stud 1999; 30:267-285. [PMID: 19391305 DOI: 10.1080/10314619908596102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Much information on traditional indigenous society in Australian historiography and anthropology stems from the vast store of eyewitness accounts left by missionaries, settlers and government officials. How cautious does one need to be in using such material? After all that it reveals about the moral and legal universe of its writers, can it speak reliably about traditional society? This article traces the production of knowledge about indigenous gender relations at Cape York Peninsula through a lineage of sources from the 1890s to the 1990s and concludes that unless the assumptions embedded in the primary sources are clearly identified, the discourse on Aboriginal womanhood continues to be a colonising project.
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Matsoukas JM, Agelis G, Wahhab A, Hondrelis J, Panagiotopoulos D, Yamdagni R, Wu Q, Mavromoustakos T, Maia HL, Ganter R. Differences in backbone structure between angiotensin II agonists and type I antagonists. J Med Chem 1995; 38:4660-9. [PMID: 7473593 DOI: 10.1021/jm00023a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Type I angiotensin II antagonists with O-methyl-L-homoserine [HSer(gamma-OMe)] and delta-methoxy-L-norvaline [Nva(delta-OMe)] at position 8 have been prepared by the solid-phase method, purified by reverse-phase HPLC, and bioassayed in the rat uterus, and their backbone conformational properties were investigated by nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopy. [Sar1,HSer-(gamma-OMe)8]ANGII, [HSer(gamma-OMe)8]ANGII, [Des1,HSer(gamma-OMe)8]ANGII, [Sar1,Nva(delta-OMe)8]-ANGII, and [Des1,Nva(delta-OMe)8]ANGII had, respectively, the following antagonist activities, pA2: 7.6, 7.5, < 6.0, 7.1, and 6.9. Analogs of [Sar1]ANGII with delta-hydroxy-L-norvaline [Nva(delta-OH)], delta-methoxy-L-norvaline [Nva(delta-OMe)], 4'-carboxyphenylalanine [Phe(4'-COOH)], and 4'-(trifluoromethyl)phenylalanine [Phe(4'-CF3)] at position 4 were also prepared by solid phase and bioassayed in the rat uterus. [Sar1,Nva(delta-OH)4]ANGII, [Aib1,Nva(delta-OMe)4]ANGII, [Sar1,DL-Phe(4'-COOH)4]ANGII, and [Sar1,DL-Phe(4'-CF3)4]ANGII had, respectively, agonist activities as follows: 4%, 1.5%, 3%, < 0.1%, and < 0.1%. These data emphasize that replacement of Ile8 in Sarilesin with the higher homologs HSer(gamma-OMe) and Nva(delta-OMe) does not greatly alter the structural requirements necessary for expression of type I antagonist activity, while replacement of the tyrosine hydroxyl in [Sar1]ANGII by the carboxylate or the trifluoromethyl group abolishes activity, suggesting that the tyrosinate pharmacophore cannot be replaced by any negatively charged or electronegative group. Conformational investigation of the ANGII type I antagonists [HSer(gamma-OMe)8]ANGII and [Sar1Nva(delta-OMe)8]ANGII in DMSO by 1D-NOE spectroscopy revealed that the Tyr-Ile-His bend, a conformational property found in ANGII and [Sar1]ANGII (J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269, 5303) is not present in type I antagonists, providing for the first time an important conformational difference between angiotensin II agonists and type I antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Matsoukas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
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Matsoukas JM, Hondrelis J, Agelis G, Barlos K, Gatos D, Ganter R, Moore D, Moore GJ. Novel synthesis of cyclic amide-linked analogues of angiotensins II and III. J Med Chem 1994; 37:2958-69. [PMID: 8071943 DOI: 10.1021/jm00044a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic amide-linked angiotension II (ANGII) analogues have been synthesized by novel strategies, in an attempt to test the ring clustering and the charge relay bioactive conformation recently suggested. These analogues were synthesized by connecting side chain amino and carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 8, 2 and 8, 3 and 8, and 3 and 5, N-terminal amino and C-terminal carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 8, 2 and 8, and 4 and 8, and side chain amino to C-terminal carboxyl group at positions 1 and 8. All these analogues were biologically inactive, except for cyclic [Sar1, Asp3, Lys5]ANGII (analogue 10) which had high contractile activity in the rat uterus assay (30% of ANGII) and [Lys1, Tyr(Me)4, Glu8]ANGII (analogue 7) which had weak antagonist activity (PA2 approximately 6). Precyclic linear peptides synthesized using 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin and N alpha-Fmoc-amino acids with suitable side chain protection were obtained in high yield and purity and were readily cyclized with benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate as coupling reagent. Molecular modeling suggests that the ring structure of the potent analogue can be accommodated in the charge relay conformation proposed for ANGII.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Matsoukas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
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Matsoukas JM, Agelis G, Hondrelis J, Yamdagni R, Wu Q, Ganter R, Smith JR, Moore D, Moore GJ. Synthesis and biological activities of angiotensin II, Sarilesin, and Sarmesin analogues containing Aze or Pip at position 7. J Med Chem 1993; 36:904-11. [PMID: 8464045 DOI: 10.1021/jm00059a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of [Sar1]angiotensin II, Sarilesin (type I antagonist), and Sarmesin (type II antagonist) with L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze) and L-pipecolic acid (Pip) at position 7 have been prepared by the solid-phase method, purified by reverse-phase HPLC, and bioassayed in the rat uterus. Analogues of the superagonist [Sar1]ANGII with Aze or Pip at position 7 and sarcosine (Sar) or aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) at position 1 had high intrinsic activity in the rat isolated uterus assay (34-184%). Analogues of Sarilesin ([Sar1,Ile8]ANGII) with Aze or Pip at position 7 and Sar or Aib at position 1 retained high antagonist activity (pA2 = 7.1-8.3). Analogues of Sarmesin ([Sar1,Tyr-(OMe)4]ANGII) with Aze and Pip at position 7 had pA2 values of 7.4 and 6.5, respectively. [Aze7]-ANGII and [Pip7]ANGII had low activities (12% and 1%, respectively), and deletion of Sar at position 1 of Sarmesin analogues abolished binding (or affinity) as judged from pA2 values. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopy studies of [Sar1,Aze7]ANGII in DMSO-d6 have indicated a clustering of the three aromatic rings (Tyr, His, Phe) and proximity of Sar C alpha and Arg C delta protons to the Tyr/Phe ring protons. These data emphasize that replacement of Pro with the lower and higher homologs Aze and Pip does not greatly alter the structural requirements necessary for expression of agonist or antagonist activity, when sarcosine occupies position 1, but not when Asp occupies position 1, suggesting that there is an intimate relationship between the N-terminal and penultimate residues of the molecule in the biologically active conformation of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Matsoukas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
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