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Tregidgo L, Hammond R, Bramley A, Davis M, Morshed A, Patel A, Pradhan A, D'Cruz R, Lipman M. Delayed-onset disseminated BCG disease causing a multi-system illness with fatal mycotic aortic aneurysm. Clinical Infection in Practice 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2022.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Urban MJ, Wojcik C, Losenegger T, Hammond R, Barry S, Jagasia A, Filpo W, Jagasia AJ. Incorporating hearing screening to an otolaryngology surgical mission in the rural Dominican Republic. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 160:111222. [PMID: 35839652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hearing loss disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. Children with undiagnosed hearing loss may have difficulty with learning, language development, and behavior. The aim of this study was to understand the extent of hearing loss and common otologic disorders among school-age children in the rural western region of the Dominican Republic and to chronical the early stages of a limited-resource, locally-sustained hearing screening program in tandem with a bi-annual surgical mission. METHODS Hearing screenings were performed for 528 school-age children (1056 ears, age 5-17 years old) over 5 days in a village hospital in Peralta, DR. Testing initially included otoscopy and screening audiometry. Children who referred or could not be conditioned underwent distortion product otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), and tympanometry. Children who referred following both screening audiometry and OAEs were considered to have hearing loss. Those with normal tympanograms were considered potential hearing aid candidates. RESULTS Abnormal ear examination/otoscopic results were present in 43 children (8.1%) and included: microtia/atresia, impacted cerumen, ear canal foreign body, serous otitis media, otitis externa, and tympanosclerosis. 55 of 528 school-age children referred following screening audiometry and 7 were unable to condition. Of these 62 children, 56 tolerated OAEs and 20 referred following OAEs (3.8%). Fourteen children had type B or C tympanogram and 6 school-age children who were determined to have chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) underwent myringotomy and pressure equalization tube placement. Ten of 528 children (1.9%) had normal tympanometry and otoscopy, and referred following screening audiometry and OAEs suggesting the patients may be potential hearing aid candidates. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hearing loss in this cohort of children in the rural, western Dominican Republic was high at roughly 4% with roughly 2% of children being potential hearing aid candidates. Nearly 10% of children screened had an abnormal otologic examination; sometimes easily remedied by otolaryngologic intervention. With the support of local leadership, it is feasible to incorporate hearing services into otolaryngology outreach and build locally sustainable programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Urban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Christopher Wojcik
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Tasher Losenegger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rachel Hammond
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shannon Barry
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | | | - Ashok J Jagasia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Xu H, Locarnini S, Wong D, Hammond R, Colledge D, Soppe S, Huynh T, Shaw T, Thompson AJ, Revill PA, Hogarth PM, Wines BD, Walsh R, Warner N. Role of anti-HBs in functional cure of HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis B patients infected with HBV genotype A. J Hepatol 2022; 76:34-45. [PMID: 34371070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS HBsAg-specific antibody responses are difficult to detect during chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) and are often overlooked. The aim of this study was to examine whether anti-HBs may be involved in functional cure (FC) by profiling anti-HBs responses in patients with CHB using a panel of specific assays. METHODS Longitudinal serum samples were obtained from 25 patients with CHB who were infected with HBV genotype A and were undergoing nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment: 14 achieved FC while 11 remained infected (non-FC). Anti-HBs immune complexes (HBsAg-IC), FcγRIIIa dimer binding, epitope specificity and neutralisation efficacy were measured. RESULTS HBsAg-IC peaks were detected prior to HBsAg loss in 10/14 FC patients. These HBsAg-IC peaks overlapped with either an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare (8/10 patients), or a rise in ALT (2/10 patients). HBsAg-IC peaks were detected in 7/11 non-FC patients, but were not associated with an ALT flare. FCγRIIIa binding was detected in 9/14 FC patients, independent from detection of overlapping HBsAg-IC/ALT peaks. FC patients had stable HBsAg epitope occupancy across the study, whereas non-FC patients had a reduction in HBsAg epitope occupancy within the first 12-24 weeks of NA treatment. Convalescent sera from FC patients recognised more HBsAg epitopes and neutralised HBV infection more potently than anti-HBs derived from vaccinees. Neutralisation potency appeared to increase post-HBsAg loss in 4/5 FC patients examined. CONCLUSIONS Using these assays, we confirm that anti-HBs responses are present and fluctuate over time in this cohort of patients with HBeAg+ CHB, who were infected with HBV genotype A and treated with NAs. Key anti-HBs profiles associated with either FC or failure to achieve FC were also identified, suggesting a role for anti-HBs responses in FC. LAY SUMMARY Using a panel of assays to characterise hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) responses in a group of patients with chronic hepatitis B, we identified anti-HBs profiles associated with either functional cure, or failure to achieve functional cure. Functional cure was associated with immune complex peaks which overlapped with alanine aminotransferase flares. Conversely, in those who did not achieve functional cure, immune complex peaks were present, but were not associated with alanine aminotransferase flares, and a decline in anti-HBs diversity was observed early during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Locarnini
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren Wong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Hammond
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danni Colledge
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Soppe
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thao Huynh
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Shaw
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Peter A Revill
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renae Walsh
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia; ClearB Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadia Warner
- Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia.
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Grube M, Krämer P, Chiu D, Bosse T, Scheunhage D, Koebel M, Singh N, Manchanda R, Hammond R, Heitz F, Harter P, du Bois A, Ataseven B, Neudeck N, Beschorner C, Fischer A, Greif K, Krämer B, Brucker S, Talhouk A, Anglesio M, Staebler A, Kommoss S. Immunhistochemische Expression von L1CAM in endometrioiden Ovarialkarzinomen – Ein neuer prognostischer Marker? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Grube
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen
| | - P Krämer
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen
| | - D Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia
| | - T Bosse
- Leiden University Medical Center
| | | | - M Koebel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - N Singh
- Dept of Cellular Pathology, BartsHealth NHS Trust
| | - R Manchanda
- Dept of Cellular Pathology, BartsHealth NHS Trust
| | - R Hammond
- Dept of Cellular Pathology, BartsHealth NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - N Neudeck
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - C Beschorner
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - A Fischer
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - K Greif
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - B Krämer
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen
| | | | - A Talhouk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia
| | - M Anglesio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia
| | - A Staebler
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
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Hammond R, Stenner R, Palmer S. P197 What matters most - a qualitative study of person-centred physiotherapy practice in community rehabilitation. Physiotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Seibel S, Vitale L, Thomas L, Goldstein J, Forsberg E, Crocker A, Widger J, Patterson C, Mills-Chen L, Hammond R, Keler T, Gedrich R. D100 CDX-0159, AN ANTI-KIT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY, AS A MODULATOR OF MAST CELL-RELATED DISEASES. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Walsh R, Hammond R, Yuen L, Deerain J, O'Donnell T, Leary T, Cloherty G, Gaggar A, Kitrinos K, Subramanian M, Wong D, Locarnini S. Predicting HBsAg clearance in genotype A chronic hepatitis B using HBsAg epitope profiling: A biomarker for functional cure. Liver Int 2019; 39:2066-2076. [PMID: 31379058 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Functional cure is the major goal of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) therapy though few biomarkers predict this outcome. HBsAg epitope occupancy can be influenced by therapeutic and immune pressure. The aim of this study was to map the HBsAg epitope profiles during long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in patients with genotype A CHB, in the context of HBsAg loss (SL)/seroconversion. METHODS We evaluated 25 genotype A CHB patients in the GS-US-174-0103 trial of HBeAg-positive CHB patients treated with tenofovir or adefovir for 4 years, 14 who achieved SL whilst 11 had no change. We epitope mapped the major domains of HBsAg to identify those patients with HBsAg clearance profile (CP) (loss of binding at both loops 1 and 2 epitopes of the 'a' determinant) vs non-clearance profile (no change in epitope recognition, or loss of epitope binding at one loop only), correlating this to on-treatment HBsAg responses. Complexed anti-HBs was also measured. RESULTS Analysis of the HBsAg epitope profiles of the 25 patients at baseline identified no predictive correlation with SL. In contrast, analysis at week 48 and end of study (week 192) or prior to SL identified significant predictive associations between development of HBsAg CPs and outcome of functional cure. The detection of a CP also correlated with the development of an alanine aminotransferase flare and detection of anti-HBs complexed with HBsAg. CONCLUSION The detection of HBsAg CPs by epitope mapping represents a novel viral biomarker, reflecting an emerging anti-HBs selection pressure prior to functional cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae Walsh
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Hammond
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lilly Yuen
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua Deerain
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tanya O'Donnell
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Anuj Gaggar
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | - Darren Wong
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Locarnini
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jiang Z, Wang D, Jurkiewicz M, Langdon KD, Hammond R, Fernández-Codina A, Pope JE. Immunoglobulin G 4-related disease as a mimicker of granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report. Scand J Rheumatol 2019; 49:163-164. [PMID: 31631725 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2019.1672088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Jurkiewicz
- Department of Medical Imaging, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - K D Langdon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Hammond
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Fernández-Codina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J E Pope
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
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Valdes SO, Donoghue AJ, Hoyme DB, Hammond R, Berg MD, Berg RA, Samson RA. Corrigendum to "Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine in the treatment of in- hospital pediatric cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation" [Resuscitation (2014) 85 381-386]. Resuscitation 2019; 142:117-118. [PMID: 31356765 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago O Valdes
- Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States; Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Aaron J Donoghue
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Derek B Hoyme
- Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel Hammond
- Westat Biostatistics & Data Management Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States
| | - Marc D Berg
- Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Robert A Berg
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ricardo A Samson
- Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Aigrain P, Bois B, Brugiere F, Duchene E, de Cortazar-Atauri I, Gautier J, Giraud-Heraud E, Hammond R, Hannin H, Ollat N, Touzard J. L'utilisation par la viticulture française d'un exercice de prospective pour l'élaboration d'une stratégie d'adaptation au changement climatique. BIO Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191203020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Foresight studies are regularly conducted at sectoral or geographical scales, in order to help policy makers and economic actors to define their strategy of adaptation to climate change (CC).
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Hammond R, Paasch V, Ewen J, Lam J. 1049 Are Referrals to Sleep Clinic Necessary Prior to Polysomnography in Children with ADHD? Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Hammond
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - V Paasch
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - J Ewen
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - J Lam
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
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Bayliss J, Yuen L, Rosenberg G, Wong D, Littlejohn M, Jackson K, Gaggar A, Kitrinos KM, Subramanian GM, Marcellin P, Buti M, Janssen HLA, Gane E, Sozzi V, Colledge D, Hammond R, Edwards R, Locarnini S, Thompson A, Revill PA. Deep sequencing shows that HBV basal core promoter and precore variants reduce the likelihood of HBsAg loss following tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Gut 2017; 66:2013-2023. [PMID: 27534671 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss are important clinical outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with antiviral therapy. To date, there have been few studies that have evaluated viral sequence markers predicting serological response to nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment. DESIGN We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) and quantitative HBV serology (HBeAg and HBsAg) to identify viral sequence markers associated with serological response to long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy among HBeAg-positive patients. In the GS-US-174-0103 study, approximately half the patients seroconverted to anti-HBe by week 192 and 11% of patients exhibited HBsAg loss, the closest outcome to functional cure. The frequency of HBV variants that have previously been associated with HBV clinical outcomes was evaluated. HBV viral diversity in baseline sequences generated by NGS was calculated using Shannon entropy. RESULTS NGS analysis of HBV sequences from 157 patients infected with genotypes A to D showed the frequency of variants in the basal core promoter (BCP) and precore (PC) regions varied by genotype and that these mutations were associated with the absence of HBsAg loss. This was the case even when mutations were present at frequencies below the threshold of detection by population sequencing. Increased viral diversity across the HBV genome as determined by NGS was also associated with reduced likelihood of HBsAg loss. CONCLUSION Patients with detectable BCP and/or PC variants and higher viral diversity have a lower probability of HBsAg loss during long-term NA therapy. Strategies to achieve functional cure of HBV infection through combination therapy should consider using NGS to stratify patients according to BCP/PC sequence. Consideration should also be given to earlier initiation of therapy prior to the emergence of BCP/PC variants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00116805; Post result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Bayliss
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lilly Yuen
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gillian Rosenberg
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren Wong
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathleen Jackson
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anuj Gaggar
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maria Buti
- Liver Unit, Valle d'Hebron (Ciberehd) University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Toronto Center for Liver Diseases, Toronto Western and General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ed Gane
- New Zealand Liver Transplant Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vitina Sozzi
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danni Colledge
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Hammond
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosalind Edwards
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Locarnini
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A Revill
- Division of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abdul Sani S, Hammond R, Jafari S, Wahab N, Amouzad Mahdiraji G, Siti Shafiqah A, Abdul Rashid H, Maah M, Aldousari H, Alkhorayef M, Alzimami M, Bradley D. Measurement of a wide-range of X-ray doses using specialty doped silica fibres. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Robinson T, Gogniat M, Renzi L, Hammond R, Miller L. A-21Does Frailty Moderate the Relationship Between Reserve and Cognitive Function. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw043.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hammond R, Lennon S, Walker MF, Hoffman A, Irwin P, Lowe D. Changing occupational therapy and physiotherapy practice through guidelines and audit in the United Kingdom. Clin Rehabil 2016; 19:365-71. [PMID: 15929504 DOI: 10.1191/0269215505cr784oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: The National Clinical Guidelines for Stroke (NCGS) were produced and three rounds of the National Sentinel Audit of Stroke conducted to improve the quality of stroke care in the UK. Objective: To compare the results of the occupational therapy and physiotherapy elements of the most recent national sentinel audit with the occupational therapy-and physiotherapy-specific recommendations of the NCGS. Methods: Retrospective case-note audit. Results: Over 95% of hospitals/sites who manage stroke in England, Wales and Northern Ireland took part in the most recent round of the sentinel audit. The clinical audit took place from 1 April to 30 June 2001 and incorporated 235 hospitals/sites. The organizational audit took place in January 2002 and incorporated 240 hospitals/sites. Data are presented from the 235 with both clinical and organizational data, under the headings of: approaches to rehabilitation; carers/families; rehabilitation interventions; and transfer to the community. Low rates of compliance with national standards were observed for all domains. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that occupational therapists and physiotherapists are not fully complying with the national standards for stroke care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hammond
- Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, London
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Frasch MG, Szynkaruk M, Prout AP, Nygard K, Cao M, Veldhuizen R, Hammond R, Richardson BS. Decreased neuroinflammation correlates to higher vagus nerve activity fluctuations in near-term ovine fetuses: a case for the afferent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway? J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:103. [PMID: 27165310 PMCID: PMC4894374 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation in utero may contribute to brain injury resulting in life-long neurological disabilities. The pivotal role of the efferent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in controlling inflammation, e.g., by inhibiting the HMGB1 release, via the macrophages’ α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has been described in adults, but its importance in the fetus is unknown. Moreover, it is unknown whether CAP may also exert anti-inflammatory effects on the brain via the anatomically predominant afferent component of the vagus nerve. Methods We measured microglial activation in the ovine fetal brain near term 24 h after the umbilical cord occlusions mimicking human labor versus controls (no occlusions) by quantifying HMGB1 nucleus-to-cytosol translocation in the Iba1+ and α7nAChR+ microglia. Based on multiple clinical studies in adults and our own work in fetal autonomic nervous system, we gauged the degree of CAP activity in vivo using heart rate variability measure RMSSD that reflects fluctuations in vagus nerve activity. Results RMSSD correlated to corresponding plasma IL-1β levels at R = 0.57 (p = 0.02, n = 17) and to white matter microglia cell counts at R = −0.89 (p = 0.03). The insult increased the HMGB1 translocation in α7nAChR+ microglia in a brain region-dependent manner (p < 0.001). In parallel, RMSSD at 1 h post insult correlated with cytosolic HMGB1 of thalamic microglia (R = −0.94, p = 0.005), and RMSSD at pH nadir correlated with microglial α7nAChR in the white matter (R = 0.83, p = 0.04). Overall, higher RMSSD values correlated with lower HMGB1 translocation and higher α7nAChR intensity per area in a brain region-specific manner. Conclusions Afferent fetal CAP may translate increased vagal cholinergic signaling into suppression of cerebral inflammation in response to near-term hypoxic acidemia as might occur during labor. Our findings suggest a new control mechanism of fetal neuroinflammation via the vagus nerve, providing novel possibilities for its non-invasive monitoring in utero and for targeted treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0567-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Neurosciences, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Animal Reproduction Research Centre (CRRA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 356460, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - M Szynkaruk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - A P Prout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - K Nygard
- Microscopy Imaging@Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - M Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - R Hammond
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - B S Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Roseweir AK, Qayyum T, Lim Z, Hammond R, MacDonald AI, Fraser S, Oades GM, Aitchison M, Jones RJ, Edwards J. Nuclear expression of Lyn, a Src family kinase member, is associated with poor prognosis in renal cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:229. [PMID: 26984511 PMCID: PMC4794832 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 8000 cases of renal cancer are diagnosed each year in the UK, with a five-year survival rate of 50 %. Treatment options are limited; a potential therapeutic target is the Src family kinases (SFKs). SFKs have roles in multiple oncogenic processes and promote metastases in solid tumours. The aim of this study was to investigate SFKs as potential therapeutic targets for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods SFKs expression was assessed in a tissue microarray consisting of 192 ccRCC patients with full clinical follow-up. SFK inhibitors, dasatinib and saracatinib, were assessed in early ccRCC cell lines, 786-O and 769-P and a metastatic ccRCC cell line, ACHN (± Src) for effects on protein expression, apoptosis, proliferation and wound healing. Results High nuclear expression of Lyn and the downstream marker of activation, paxillin, were associated with decreased patient survival. Conversely, high cytoplasmic expression of other SFK members and downstream marker of activation, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were associated with increased patient survival. Treatment of non-metastatic 786-O and 769-P cells with dasatinib, dose dependently reduced SFK activation, shown via SFK (Y419) and FAK (Y861) phosphorylation, with no effect in metastatic ACHN cells. Dasatinib also increased apoptosis, while decreasing proliferation and migration in 786-O and 769-P cell lines, both in the presence and absence of Src protein. Conclusions Our data suggests that nuclear Lyn is a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC and dasatinib affects cellular functions associated with cancer progression via a Src kinase independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia K Roseweir
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Tahir Qayyum
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhi Lim
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Rachel Hammond
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alasdair I MacDonald
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sioban Fraser
- NHS Greater Clyde and Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, G51 4TF, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Grenville M Oades
- NHS Greater Clyde and Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, G51 4TF, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael Aitchison
- NHS Greater Clyde and Glasgow, Gartnavel Hospital, G12 0YN, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert J Jones
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 0YN, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Hammond R. CP-023 Introduction of a prescription chart for peri-procedural bridging anticoagulation. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2016-000875.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Cocker M, Spence J, Hammond R, Wells G, Mc Ardle B, deKemp R, Lum C, Karavardanyan T, Adeeko A, Alturkustani M, Hammond L, Hill A, Nagpal S, Stotts G, Garrard L, Kelly C, Warren B, Renaud J, DaSilva J, Yaffe M, Tardif J, Beanlands R. VALIDATION OF [18F]-SODIUM FLUORIDE AS A MARKER OF ACTIVE CALCIFICATION AND HIGH-RISK CAROTID PLAQUE: A SUB-STUDY OF THE CANADIAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS IMAGING NETWORK (CAIN-2). Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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20
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Keeshan BC, Rossano JW, Beck N, Hammond R, Kreindler J, Spray TL, Fuller S, Goldfarb S. Lung transplant waitlist mortality: height as a predictor of poor outcomes. Pediatr Transplant 2015; 19:294-300. [PMID: 25406495 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The LAS was designed to minimize pretransplant mortality while maximizing post-transplant outcome. Recipients <12 are not allocated lungs based on LAS. Waitlist mortality has decreased for those >12, but not <12, suggesting this population may be disadvantaged. To identify predictors of waitlist mortality, a retrospective analysis of the UNOS database was performed since implementation of the LAS. There were 16,973 patients listed for lung transplant in the United States; 12,070 (71.1%) were transplanted, and 2498 (14.7%) patients died or were removed from the wait list. Significantly more pediatric patients died or were removed compared with adults (22.0% vs. 14.4%, p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, in addition to higher LAS at time of listing (adj. HR1.058, 1.055-1.060), shorter height (1.008, 1.006-1.010), male gender (1.210, 1.110-1.319), and requiring ECMO (1.613, 1.202-2.163) were associated with pretransplant mortality. Post-transplant survival was not affected by height. The current age cutoff may impose limitations within the current lung allocation system in the United States. Height is an independent predictor of waitlist mortality and may be a valuable factor for the development of a comprehensive lung allocation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton C Keeshan
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Hammond R. How physical therapists construct their professional identity. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Samuel L, Basch CH, Ethan D, Hammond R, Chiazzese K. An analysis of sodium, total fat and saturated fat contents of packaged food products advertised in Bronx-based supermarket circulars. J Community Health 2015; 39:775-82. [PMID: 24488648 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-014-9829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Americans' consumption of sodium, fat, and saturated fat exceed federally recommended limits for these nutrients and has been identified as a preventable leading cause of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. More than 40% of the Bronx population comprises African-Americans, who have increased risk and earlier onset of hypertension and are also genetically predisposed to salt-sensitive hypertension. This study analyzed nutrition information for packaged foods advertised in Bronx-based supermarket circulars. Federally recommended limits for sodium, saturated fat and total fat contents were used to identify foods that were high in these nutrients. The proportion of these products with respect to the total number of packaged foods was calculated. More than a third (35%) and almost a quarter (24%) of the 898 advertised packaged foods were high in saturated fat and sodium respectively. Such foods predominantly included processed meat and fish products, fast foods, meals, entrees and side dishes. Dairy and egg products were the greatest contributors of high saturated fat. Pork and beef products, fast foods, meals, entrees and side dishes had the highest median values for sodium, total fat and saturated fat content. The high proportion of packaged foods that are high in sodium and/or saturated fat promoted through supermarket circulars highlights the need for nutrition education among consumers as well as collaborative public health measures by the food industry, community and government agencies to reduce the amounts of sodium and saturated fat in these products and limit the promotion of foods that are high in these nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Samuel
- Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. W., Bronx, NY, 10468, USA,
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23
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Gish RG, Gutierrez JA, Navarro-Cazarez N, Giang K, Adler D, Tran B, Locarnini S, Hammond R, Bowden S. A simple and inexpensive point-of-care test for hepatitis B surface antigen detection: serological and molecular evaluation. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:905-8. [PMID: 24779356 PMCID: PMC4263238 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Early identification of chronic hepatitis B is important for optimal disease management and prevention of transmission. Cost and lack of access to commercial hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) immunoassays can compromise the effectiveness of HBV screening in resource-limited settings and among marginalized populations. High-quality point-of-care (POC) testing may improve HBV diagnosis in these situations. Currently available POC HBsAg assays are often limited in sensitivity. We evaluated the NanoSign(®) HBs POC chromatographic immunoassay for its ability to detect HBsAg of different genotypes and with substitutions in the 'a' determinant. Thirty-seven serum samples from patients with HBV infection, covering HBV genotypes A-G, were assessed for HBsAg titre with the Roche Elecsys HBsAg II quantification assay and with the POC assay. The POC assay reliably detected HBsAg at a concentration of at least 50 IU/mL for all genotypes, and at lower concentrations for some genotypes. Eight samples with substitutions in the HBV 'a' determinant were reliably detected after a 1/100 dilution. The POC strips were used to screen serum samples from 297 individuals at risk for HBV in local clinical settings (health fairs and outreach events) in parallel with commercial laboratory HBsAg testing (Quest Diagnostics EIA). POC testing was 73.7% sensitive and 97.8% specific for detection of HBsAg. Although the POC test demonstrated high sensitivity over a range of genotypes, false negatives were frequent in a clinical setting. Nevertheless, the POC assay offers advantages for testing in both developed and resource-limited countries due to its low cost (0.50$) and immediately available results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Gish
- Hepatitis B FoundationDoylestown, PA, USA
| | - J A Gutierrez
- Transplant Hepatology, University of Miami HospitalMiami, FL, USA
| | - N Navarro-Cazarez
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San DiegoSan Diego, CA, USA
| | - K Giang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California at San DiegoSan Diego, CA, USA
| | - D Adler
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California at San DiegoSan Diego, CA, USA
| | - B Tran
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California at San DiegoSan Diego, CA, USA
| | - S Locarnini
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryNorth Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R Hammond
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryNorth Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Bowden
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryNorth Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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Kirschen MP, Topjian AA, Hammond R, Illes J, Abend NS. Neuroprognostication after pediatric cardiac arrest. Pediatr Neurol 2014; 51:663-668.e2. [PMID: 25193413 PMCID: PMC4254345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management decisions and parental counseling after pediatric cardiac arrest depend on the ability of physicians to make accurate and timely predictions regarding neurological recovery. We evaluated neurologists and intensivists performing neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest to determine prediction agreement, accuracy, and confidence. METHODS Pediatric neurologists (n = 10) and intensivists (n = 9) reviewed 18 cases of children successfully resuscitated from a cardiac arrest and managed in the pediatric intensive care unit. Cases were sequentially presented (after arrest day 1, days 2-4, and days 5-7), with updated examinations, neurophysiologic data, and neuroimaging data. At each time period, physicians predicted outcome by Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category and specified prediction confidence. RESULTS Predicted discharge Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category versus actual hospital discharge Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category outcomes were compared. Exact (Predicted Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category - Actual Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category = 0) and close (Predicted Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category - Actual Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category = ±1) outcome prediction accuracies for all physicians improved over successive periods (P < 0.05). Prediction accuracy did not differ significantly between physician groups at any period or overall. Agreement improved over time among neurologists (day 1 Kappa [κ], 0.28; days 2-4 κ, 0.43; days 5-7 κ, 0.68) and among intensivists (day 1 κ, 0.30; days 2-4 κ, 0.44; days 5-7 κ, 0.57). Prediction confidence increased over time (P < 0.001) and did not differ between physician groups. CONCLUSIONS Inter-rater agreement among neurologists and among intensivists improved over time and reached moderate levels. For all physicians, prediction accuracy and confidence improved over time. Further prospective research is needed to better characterize how physicians objectively and subjectively estimate neurological recovery after acute brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Kirschen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Communications should be addressed to: Dr. Kirschen; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Suite 7C26; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
| | - Alexis A. Topjian
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel Hammond
- Westat Biostatistics and Data Management Core, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Judy Illes
- National Core for Neuroethics, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia
| | - Nicholas S. Abend
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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25
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Cocker M, Spence J, Wells G, Hammond R, Ardle BM, R deKemp, Lum C, Karavardanyan T, Adeeko A, Hill A, Nagpal S, Stotts G, Renaud J, Kelly C, Brennan J, Garrard L, Alturkustani M, Hammond L, DaSilva J, Yaffe M, Tardif J, Beanlands R. [18F]-SODIUM FLUORIDE IS A NOVEL BIOMARKER OF ACTIVE CALCIFICATION AND POSITIVE PLAQUE REMODELING: A SUB-STUDY OF THE CANADIAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS IMAGING NETWORK (CAIN-2). Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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26
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Gibbs RB, Nelson D, Hammond R. Role of GPR30 in mediating estradiol effects on acetylcholine release in the hippocampus. Horm Behav 2014; 66:339-45. [PMID: 24928571 PMCID: PMC4131743 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We have hypothesized that estradiol enhances basal forebrain cholinergic function and cognitive performance, at least in part, via activation of the novel estrogen receptor GPR30. Here we evaluated the effects of estradiol, G-1 (a selective GPR30 agonist), and tamoxifen (TAM; an ERα/ERβ antagonist that also acts as a GPR30 agonist), on acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus, as well as the ability to block the effects of 17β-estradiol (E) or TAM with the GPR30 antagonist G-15. Note that G-1 was included to evaluate the effects of selectively activating GPR30, whereas TAM was included to differentiate effects of E associated with activation of GPR30 vs. ERα or ERβ. The study was designed to test effects on potassium-stimulated release, as well as on ACh release stimulated by feeding. Effects of feeding were included because the tasks we used previously to demonstrate beneficial effects of E on cognitive performance were motivated by food reward, and we hypothesized that E may enhance performance by increasing ACh release in association with that reward. Ovariectomized rats were treated for 1week, and ACh release was evaluated using in vivo microdialysis. In addition, rats were fed at the same time daily for several days and were fasted overnight prior to microdialysis. For each rat, ACh release was evaluated under basal conditions, in response to feeding, and in response to elevated potassium. Both feeding and elevated potassium increased ACh release in the hippocampus. In response to feeding, E, G-1, and TAM all significantly increased the percent change in release. The effects of E and TAM were blocked by G-15, and the effects of combining E+TAM did not differ significantly from the effects of E or TAM alone. In response to elevated potassium, E, and TAM significantly increased the percent change in ACh release. G-1 produced a slightly lesser effect. The effect of TAM was reduced by G-15, but the effect of E was not. These findings suggest that activation of GPR30 is both necessary and sufficient to account for the effects of E on ACh release associated with feeding. In contrast, activation of GPR30 appears to be sufficient, but may not be necessary for increased release associated with elevated potassium. The changes associated with feeding are consistent with the effects of E, G-1 and G-15 on acquisition of a spatial learning task previously described. These data confirm and extend previous reports, and support a hypothesis wherein E treatment can improve learning on specific tasks by activating GPR30 and enhancing ACh release in association with food reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Gibbs
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - D Nelson
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - R Hammond
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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27
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Savla J, Lin KY, Lefkowitz DS, Paridon SM, Gaynor JW, Hammond R, Shaddy RE, Rossano JW. Adolescent age and heart transplantation outcomes in myocarditis or congenital heart disease. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 33:943-9. [PMID: 24929645 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents often fare poorly after heart transplantation. However, whether the effect of age varies according to the etiology of heart failure is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that age-related heart transplantation outcomes are different in patients with myocarditis and congenital heart disease (CHD). METHODS A retrospective analysis of the United Network of Organ Sharing database was performed for patients with myocarditis (n = 709) and CHD (n = 1,631) undergoing heart transplantation from 1987 to 2011. The effect of age on graft survival was assessed. Age was categorized as children (6-12 years), adolescents (13-18 years), younger adults (19-30 years), and older adults (31-50 years). RESULTS For myocarditis, the median graft survival for adolescents was 6.9 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6-9.6), which was significantly lower than other age groups (children: 14.1 [95% CI, 9.8-10.9] years, p = 0.004; younger adults: 11.8 [95% CI, 8.3-15.2] years, p = 0.172; older adults: 12.0 years [95% CI, 10.0-14.3 years], p = 0.033). For CHD, the median graft survival for adolescents was 7.4 years (95% CI, 6.8-8.6), which was not significantly different from other age groups (children: 9.0 [95% CI, 7.9-11.0] years, p = 0.737; younger adults: 11.2 [95% CI, 8.6-13.3] years, p = 0.744; older adults: 11.6 [95% CI, 9.2-15.3] years, p = 0.608). Multivariable analysis showed adolescent age was independently associated with worse graft survival for patients with myocarditis but not for CHD. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with myocarditis have significantly worse graft survival after heart transplantation, but adolescents with CHD have similar outcomes to other patients with CHD. Further study is needed to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Savla
- (a)Cardiac Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kimberly Y Lin
- (a)Cardiac Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Debra S Lefkowitz
- (a)Cardiac Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen M Paridon
- (a)Cardiac Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J William Gaynor
- (b)Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel Hammond
- (a)Cardiac Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert E Shaddy
- (a)Cardiac Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph W Rossano
- (a)Cardiac Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Lesmana CRA, Jackson K, Lim SG, Sulaiman A, Pakasi LS, Gani RA, Hasan I, Sulaiman AS, Lesmana LA, Hammond R, Revill P, Locarnini S, Bowden SD. Clinical significance of hepatitis B virion and SVP productivity: relationships between intrahepatic and serum markers in chronic hepatitis B patients. United European Gastroenterol J 2014; 2:99-107. [PMID: 24918014 PMCID: PMC4040813 DOI: 10.1177/2050640614525151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical use of hepatitis B viral (HBV) quantitative seromarker\s remains questionable since it is not precisely known whether they represent intrahepatic viral replication. Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA), and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) are more likely to represent active HBV replication and their measurement can be used to derive virion productivity (VP; rcDNA/cccDNA), subviral particle (SVP) productivity (quantitative HBsAg/cccDNA), and replicative activity (RA; pgRNA/cccDNA). These can be used to compare relative HBV replication between HBeAg-negative and -positive patients. OBJECTIVE To study the clinical significance of intrahepatic HBV replication phenomenon between HBeAg-negative and -positive patients and its correlation with quantitative HBV seromarkers. METHOD This was a prospective study between January 2010 and December 2011. Study subjects were naive chronic hepatitis B patients from Cipto Mangunkusumo and Medistra Hospitals. All patient samples underwent liver biochemistry and HBV seromarkers testing (HBeAg, quantitative HBsAg and HBV DNA levels), and patients underwent liver biopsy. Stored liver specimens were analysed for intrahepatic rcDNA, cccDNA, and pgRNA with quantification performed by real-time PCR. Comparison of HBV markers between HBsAg-positive and -negative patients was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Pearson's correlation test was performed among HBV intrahepatic and seromarkers using their log-transformed values. RESULTS A total of 104 patients were enrolled in this study; 54 (51.9%) were male. Patients' mean age was 41.9 ± 11.63 years (range 19-70 years). Sixty-one patients (58.7%) were HBeAg-negative. All HBV markers were significantly higher in HBeAg-positive than HBeAg-negative patients, except for SVP productivity and RA. Serum HBV DNA was strongly correlated with intrahepatic total HBV DNA (r = 0.771), cccDNA (r = 0.774), and rcDNA (r = 0.780) while serum quantitative HBsAg showed only moderate correlation with intrahepatic total DNA (r = 0.671), cccDNA (r = 0.632), rcDNA (r = 0.675), and SVP productivity (r = 0.557). CONCLUSIONS Serum HBV DNA concentration and quantitative HBsAg might not accurately predict intrahepatic viral activity. Virion and SVP production do not occur in parallel with replicative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana
- Hepatology, Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Digestive Disease and GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kathy Jackson
- Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ali Sulaiman
- Hepatology, Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Levina S Pakasi
- Digestive Disease and GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rino A Gani
- Hepatology, Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irsan Hasan
- Hepatology, Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Laurentius A Lesmana
- Hepatology, Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Digestive Disease and GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rachel Hammond
- Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Revill
- Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Locarnini
- Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia
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Valdes SO, Donoghue AJ, Hoyme DB, Hammond R, Berg MD, Berg RA, Samson RA. Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine in the treatment of in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation 2013; 85:381-6. [PMID: 24361455 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the association between amiodarone and lidocaine and outcomes in children with cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). BACKGROUND Current AHA guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiovascular care recommend amiodarone for cardiac arrest in children associated with shock refractory pVT/VF, based on a single pediatric study and extrapolation from adult data. METHODS Retrospective cohort study from the Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation database for in-patient cardiac arrest. Patients<18 years old with pVT/VF cardiac arrest were included. Patients receiving amiodarone or lidocaine prior to arrest or whose initial arrest rhythm was unknown were excluded. Univariate analysis was performed to assess the association between patient and event factors and clinical outcomes. Multivariate analysis was performed to address independent association between lidocaine and amiodarone use and outcomes. RESULTS Of 889 patients, 171 (19%) received amiodarone, 295 (33%) received lidocaine, and 82 (10%) received both. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurred in 484/889 (54%), 24-h survival in 342/874 (39%), and survival to hospital discharge in 194/889 (22%). Lidocaine was associated with improved ROSC (adjusted OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.36-3), and 24-h survival (adjusted OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11-2.49), but not hospital discharge. Amiodarone use was not associated with ROSC, 24h survival, or survival to discharge. CONCLUSIONS For children with in-hospital pVT/VF, lidocaine use was independently associated with improved ROSC and 24-h survival. Amiodarone use was not associated with superior rates of ROSC, survival at 24h. Neither drug was associated with survival to hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago O Valdes
- Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States; Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Aaron J Donoghue
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Derek B Hoyme
- Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel Hammond
- Westat Biostatistics & Data Management Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States
| | - Marc D Berg
- Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Robert A Berg
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ricardo A Samson
- Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Cocker MS, Spence J, McArdle B, deKemp R, Lum C, Hammond R, Youssef G, Yerofeyeva Y, Karavardanyan T, Adeeko A, Hill A, Stotts G, Nagpal S, Renaud J, Klein R, Kelly C, Brennan J, Garrard L, Alturkustani M, Hammond L, DaSilva J, Tardif J, Beanlands R. Evidence for Actively Inflamed Bilateral Carotid Plaque in Patients With Advanced Atherosclerosis, Insight From [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose Imaging: A Sub-Study of the Canadian Atherosclerosis Imaging Network (CAIN). Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Cintolo JA, Gimotty P, Blair A, Guerry D, Elder DE, Hammond R, Elenitsas R, Xu X, Fraker D, Schuchter LM, Czerniecki BJ, Karakousis G. Local immune response predicts survival in patients with thick (t4) melanomas. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:3610-7. [PMID: 23838911 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and histological regression in primary melanoma are generally considered indicators of the local immune response but their roles as prognostic factors have been variably reported. We examined the prognostic role of these variables in patients with high risk (T4) primary melanomas in a large series of patients with long-term follow-up. METHODS From a prospectively maintained cohort of patients diagnosed between 1971 and 2004, 161 patients were retrospectively identified with primary thick melanomas (>4 mm), no clinical evidence of regional nodal disease (RND) at diagnosis and complete histopathologic data. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to identify clinical and histopathologic predictors of disease-specific survival (DSS) and to identify subgroups with differential survival. RESULTS Factors significantly associated with decreased DSS by univariate analysis included male gender, age ≥ 60 years, axial anatomic location, presence of ulceration, RND, absence of TIL, and presence of regression. In the final multivariate model, TIL and regression, as interacting variables, and RND status remained significantly associated with DSS. In the presence of TIL, concomitant regression was associated with significantly worse survival (p ≤ 0.0001). In the absence of TIL, there was no effect of regression on survival (p = 0.324). CONCLUSIONS Primary TIL and regression status and RND status are independently associated with melanoma-specific survival in patients with T4 melanomas; presence of TIL in the primary melanoma with concomitant radial growth phase regression is associated with a poor prognosis and may reflect an ineffective local regional immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Cintolo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Holmes JA, Nguyen T, Ratnam D, Heerasing NM, Tehan JV, Bonanzinga S, Dev A, Bell S, Pianko S, Chen R, Visvanathan K, Hammond R, Iser D, Rusli F, Sievert W, Desmond PV, Bowden DS, Thompson AJ. IL28B genotype is not useful for predicting treatment outcome in Asian chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon-α. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:861-6. [PMID: 23301835 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM IL28B genotype predicts response to pegylated interferon (peg-IFN)-based therapy in chronic hepatitis C. However, the utility of IL28B genotyping in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cohorts treated with peg-IFN is unclear. It was investigated whether IL28B genotype is associated with peg-IFN treatment outcomes in a predominantly Asian CHB cohort. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of CHB patients treated with 48 weeks of peg-IFN monotherapy. IL28B genotype (rs12979860) was determined (TaqMan allelic discrimination kit). Baseline hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA, alanine aminotransferase, and liver histology were available. The primary end-points were HBV e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion with HBV-DNA < 2000 IU/mL 24 weeks post-therapy (HBeAg-positive patients) and HBV-DNA < 2000 IU/mL 24 weeks after peg-IFN (HBeAg-negative patients). The association between IL28B genotype and peg-IFN outcomes was analyzed. RESULTS IL28B genotype was determined for 96 patients. Eighty-eight percent were Asian, 62% were HBeAg positive, and 13% were METAVIR stage F3-4. Median follow-up time was 39.3 months. The majority of patients carried the CC IL28B genotype (84%). IL28B genotype did not differ according to HBeAg status. The primary end-points were achieved in 27% of HBeAg-positive and 61% of HBeAg-negative patients. There was no association between IL28B genotype and the primary end-point in either group. Furthermore, there was no difference in HBeAg loss alone, HBV surface antigen, alanine aminotransferase normalization, or on-treatment HBV-DNA levels according to IL28B genotype. CONCLUSIONS In the context of a small possible effect size and high frequency in Asian populations, IL28B genotyping is likely to have, at best, limited clinical utility for predicting peg-IFN treatment outcome for CHB patients in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta A Holmes
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Matthews GV, Ali RJ, Avihingsanon A, Amin J, Hammond R, Bowden S, Lewin SR, Sasadeusz J, Littlejohn M, Locarnini SL, Ruxrungtham K, Dore GJ. Quantitative HBsAg and HBeAg predict hepatitis B seroconversion after initiation of HAART in HIV-HBV coinfected individuals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61297. [PMID: 23593455 PMCID: PMC3622017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Anti-HBe seroconversion and HBsAg loss are important therapeutic endpoints in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Quantitative measures of hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) and e antigen (qHBeAg) have been identified as potentially useful indicators of therapeutic response in HBV monoinfection. The aim of this study was to examine serological change including quantitative biomarkers in HIV-HBV coinfected patients initiating HBV active antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods HIV-HBV coinfected individuals from Thailand were followed for up to 168 weeks post ART. Rates and associations of qualitative serological change were determined. Longitudinal changes in qHBsAg and qHBeAg were measured and their utility as predictors of response examined. Results Forty seven patients were included of whom 27 (57%) were HBeAg positive at baseline. Median CD4 count was 48 cells/mm3. Over a median follow-up of 108 weeks 48% (13/27) lost HBeAg, 12/27 (44%) achieved anti-HBe seroconversion and 13% (6/47) HBsAg loss. Anti-HBe seroconversion was associated with higher baseline ALT (p = 0.034), lower qHBsAg (p = 0.015), lower qHBeAg (p = 0.031) and greater HBV DNA decline to week 24 (p = 0.045). Sensitivity and specificity for qHBsAg and qHBeAg decline of >0.5 log at week 12 and >1.0 log at week 24 were high for both anti-HBe seroconversion and HBsAg loss. Conclusions Rates of serological change in these HIV-HBV coinfected individuals with advanced immunodeficiency initiating HBV-active ART were high. Baseline and on treatment factors were identified that were associated with a greater likelihood of subsequent anti-HBe seroconversion, including both quantitative HBsAg and HBeAg, suggesting these biomarkers may have utility in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail V Matthews
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Savla J, Lin K, Lefkowitz D, Paridon S, Gaynor J, Hammond R, Shaddy R, Rossano J. Impact of Adolescent Age on Graft Survival in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease Versus Myocarditis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Danzer E, Thomas N, Sullivan A, Friedman K, Gerdes M, Hammond R, Koh J, Adzick NS, Johnson M. 417: Long-term neurological outcome, executive functioning, and behavioral adaptive skills following fetal myelomeningocele surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Arbogast KB, Locey CM, Hammond R, Belwadi A. Injury risk for rear-seated occupants in small overlap crashes. Ann Adv Automot Med 2013; 57:267-280. [PMID: 24406964 PMCID: PMC3861832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Small overlap crashes, where the primary crash engagement is outboard from the longitudinal energy absorbing structures of the vehicle, have received recent interest as a crash dynamic that results in high likelihood of injury. Previous analyses of good performing vehicles showed that 24% of crashes with AIS 3+ injuries to front seat occupants were small overlap crashes. However, similar evaluations have not been conducted for those rear seated. Vehicle dynamics suggest that rear seat occupants may be at greater risk due to lack of lateral seating support and a steering wheel to hold, making them more sensitive to lateral movement seen in these crashes. Thus, the objective was to calculate injury risk for rear-seated occupants in small overlap collisions. AIS 2+ and AIS 3+ injury risk was calculated from NASS-CDS data from 2000-2011. Inclusion criteria were vehicles of model year 2000 or later, with CDC codes of "FL" or "FR", and an occupant in the second or third row. AIS2+ injury risk was 5.1%, and AIS3+ injury risk was 2.4%. Of note, half of the occupants were <15 years of age indicating rear seat protection should emphasize the young. Occupants seated near side were nearly three times as likely to sustain an AIS2+ injury than occupants seated far side. Particular attention should be paid to the prominence of head injuries in this crash dynamic and consideration given to their mitigation. Additional research should determine whether countermeasures being implemented for front seat occupants can be beneficial to rear seat occupants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy B. Arbogast
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Kristy B. Arbogast, PhD. The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34 and Civic Center Blvd., Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Arbogast KB, Mathews EA, Seacrist T, Maltese MR, Hammond R, Balasubramanian S, Kent RW, Tanji H, St Lawrence S, Higuchi K. The effect of pretensioning and age on torso rollout in restrained human volunteers in far-side lateral and oblique loading. Stapp Car Crash J 2012; 56:443-67. [PMID: 23625569 DOI: 10.4271/2012-22-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Far-side side impact loading of a seat belt restrained occupant has been shown to lead to torso slip out of the shoulder belt. A pretensioned seat belt may provide an effective countermeasure to torso rollout; however the effectiveness may vary with age due to increased flexibility of the pediatric spine compared to adults. To explore this effect, low-speed lateral (90°) and oblique (60°) sled tests were conducted using male human volunteers (20 subjects: 9-14 years old, 10 subjects: 18-30 years old), in which the crash pulse safety envelope was defined from an amusement park bumper-car impact. Each subject was restrained by a lap and shoulder belt system equipped with an electromechanical motorized seat belt retractor (EMSR) and photo- reflective targets were attached to a tight-fitting headpiece or adhered to the skin overlying key skeletal landmarks. Each subject was randomly assigned to either the 60° or 90° direction and was exposed to 4 test conditions - arms up (with hands on their knees) with EMSR on, arms down (with hands low on the hips) with EMSR on, arms up with EMSR off, arms down with EMSR off. The effect of age and pretensioning on the following outcomes was quantified: 1) lateral and forward displacement of the torso, 2) torso rollout angle projected onto three orthogonal planes, and 3) resultant belt-sternal distance. The effect of pretensioning on torso containment within the shoulder belt was strong in both impact directions across all metrics evaluated. EMSR activation significantly reduced lateral displacement of the suprasternal notch (~100 mm, p<0.0001), coronal projection of the torso rollout angle (~15°, p<0.0001), and belt sternal distance when the arms were down (~50 mm, p<0.05). The benefit of pretensioning was achieved by early engagement of the torso by the shoulder belt. An added benefit of pretensioning was the ability to make similar the torso kinematics across a range of anthropometries as assessed within and across age groups. These results can serve as a data set for validating the responses of restrained ATDs and computational human models to low severity far side collisions, in particular the interaction between the torso and the shoulder belt.
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Hammond R, Nelson D, Kline E, Gibbs RB. Chronic treatment with a GPR30 antagonist impairs acquisition of a spatial learning task in young female rats. Horm Behav 2012; 62:367-74. [PMID: 22828404 PMCID: PMC3477261 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that the beneficial effects of estradiol on cognitive performance may be mediated through GPR30, a putative membrane target of estrogens. Recently we showed that administration of a selective GPR30 agonist (G-1) to ovariectomized rats enhanced acquisition of a delayed matching-to-position (DMP) T-maze task and increased potassium-stimulated acetylcholine release in the hippocampus, similar to estradiol (E2) (Hammond et al., 2009). The present study tested whether treating with a selective GPR30 antagonist (G-15) would impair spatial learning in gonadally intact rats and in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with E2. As predicted, G-15 dose-dependently impaired DMP acquisition both in gonadally intact rats and in OVX rats treated with E2. G-15 specifically reduced the rate of acquisition, and this effect was associated with an increased predisposition to adopt a persistent turn. In contrast, G-15 alone at the highest dose had no significant effect on DMP acquisition in OVX controls. The effects were task dependent, as similar effects of G-15 were not observed in gonadally intact rats tested on an operant discrimination/reversal learning task motivated by the same food reward. This suggests that the effects on DMP acquisition were not due to effects on motivation for food. Effects of G-15 on DMP acquisition were similar to previously published work showing significant impairment produced by selective cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus. These data suggest that GPR30 can play an important role in mediating the effects of estradiol on spatial learning, possibly by mediating estradiol effects on basal forebrain cholinergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hammond
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1009 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Cocker M, Mc Ardle B, DeKemp R, Lum C, Youssef G, Hammond R, Yerofeyeva Y, Karavardanyan T, Adeeko A, Hill A, Stotts G, Renaud J, Brennan J, Alturkustani M, Hammond L, DaSilva J, Tardif J, Spence J, Beanlands R. 190 Immunohistochemical Validation of [18f]-Fluorodeoxyglucose as a Novel Biomarker of Inflamed Vulnerable Carotid Plaque: A Sub-Study of the Canadian Atherosclerosis Imaging Network (CAIN). Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Tang HY, Beer LA, Chang-Wong T, Hammond R, Gimotty P, Coukos G, Speicher DW. A xenograft mouse model coupled with in-depth plasma proteome analysis facilitates identification of novel serum biomarkers for human ovarian cancer. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:678-91. [PMID: 22032327 DOI: 10.1021/pr200603h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics discovery of novel cancer serum biomarkers is hindered by the great complexity of serum, patient-to-patient variability, and triggering by the tumor of an acute-phase inflammatory reaction. This host response alters many serum protein levels in cancer patients, but these changes have low specificity as they can be triggered by diverse causes. We addressed these hurdles by utilizing a xenograft mouse model coupled with an in-depth 4-D protein profiling method to identify human proteins in the mouse serum. This strategy ensures that identified putative biomarkers are shed by the tumor, and detection of low-abundance proteins shed by the tumor is enhanced because the mouse blood volume is more than a thousand times smaller than that of a human. Using TOV-112D ovarian tumors, more than 200 human proteins were identified in the mouse serum, including novel candidate biomarkers and proteins previously reported to be elevated in either ovarian tumors or the blood of ovarian cancer patients. Subsequent quantitation of selected putative biomarkers in human sera using label-free multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry (MS) showed that chloride intracellular channel 1, the mature form of cathepsin D, and peroxiredoxin 6 were elevated significantly in sera from ovarian carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yao Tang
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Gibbs RB, Chipman AM, Hammond R, Nelson D. Galanthamine plus estradiol treatment enhances cognitive performance in aged ovariectomized rats. Horm Behav 2011; 60:607-16. [PMID: 21889940 PMCID: PMC3210334 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that beneficial effects of estradiol on cognitive performance diminish with age and time following menopause due to a progressive decline in basal forebrain cholinergic function. This study tested whether galanthamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat memory impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease, could enhance or restore estradiol effects on cognitive performance in aged rats that had been ovariectomized in middle-age. Rats were ovariectomized at 16-17 months of age. At 21-22 months of age rats began receiving daily injections of galanthamine (5mg/day) or vehicle. After one week, half of each group also received 17ß-estradiol administered subcutaneously. Rats were then trained on a delayed matching to position (DMP) T-maze task, followed by an operant stimulus discrimination/reversal learning task. Treatment with galanthamine+estradiol significantly enhanced the rate of DMP acquisition and improved short-term delay-dependent spatial memory performance. Treatment with galanthamine or estradiol alone was without significant effect. Effects were task-specific in that galanthamine+estradiol treatment did not significantly improve performance on the stimulus discrimination/reversal learning task. In fact, estradiol was associated with a significant increase in incorrect responses on this task after reversal of the stimulus contingency. In addition, treatments did not significantly affect hippocampal choline acetyltransferase activity or acetylcholine release. This may be an effect of age, or possibly is related to compensatory changes associated with long-term cholinesterase inhibitor treatment. The data suggest that treating with a cholinesterase inhibitor can enhance the effects of estradiol on acquisition of a DMP task by old rats following a long period of hormone deprivation. This could be of particular benefit to older women who have not used hormone therapy for many years and are beginning to show signs of mild cognitive impairment. Potential mechanisms for these effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Gibbs
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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White GA, Hobson-West P, Cobb K, Craigon J, Hammond R, Millar KM. Canine obesity: is there a difference between veterinarian and owner perception? J Small Anim Pract 2011; 52:622-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Youssef G, deKemp R, Hammond R, Yerofeyeva Y, Lum C, Hill A, Stotts G, Renaud J, Brennan J, Tardif J, Spence JD, Beanlands R. 648 Role of FDG-PET in imaging of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (FDG PET substudy of the canadian atherosclerosis imaging network project-II). Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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44
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Hagemann AR, Hagemann IS, Cadungog M, Hwang WT, Patel P, Lal P, Hammond R, Gimotty PA, Chu CS, Rubin SC, Birrer MJ, Powell DJ, Feldman MD, Coukos G. Tissue-based immune monitoring II: multiple tumor sites reveal immunologic homogeneity in serous ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:367-77. [PMID: 21785280 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.4.16908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in epithelial ovarian cancer indicates a host antitumor response and is associated with improved survival. We wished to determine the extent to which TIL density differs from site to site within a given patient. We initially studied multiple paired metastases from serous ovarian carcinoma obtained at the time of primary debulking. The expression of genes in specific immune-related pathways was profiled on a pilot set of five patients. We then used immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR to estimate the density of CD3+, CD8+, and FoxP3+ TILs in these same tumors. To extend the findings to a larger cohort, we semiquantitatively measured intraepithelial and stromal TILs in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing both primary tumors and metastases from 50 patients. In the pilot group, genes related to antimicrobial signaling and TGF-beta signaling showed between-site heterogeneity, whereas cytokines and antigen presentation transcripts were more homogeneous in any given patient. IHC and qPCR for T cell markers were concordant. In the TMA cohort, 2-way ANOVA showed that TIL heterogeneity between sites was present in some but not all patients. The stroma of extra-ovarian metastases showed significantly greater TIL infiltration than ovarian sites. A simulation showed that at clinically meaningful levels of precision, up to 3% of patients will be misclassified for intraepithelial TILs by a single biopsy. In conclusion, between-site heterogeneity exists in some patients with metastatic serous ovarian cancer. The predictive value of biopsies should be considered in clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Hagemann
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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45
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Hagemann AR, Cadungog M, Hagemann IS, Hammond R, Adams SF, Chu CS, Rubin SC, Zhang L, Addya K, Birrer MJ, Gimotty PA, Coukos G. Tissue-based immune monitoring I: tumor core needle biopsies allow in-depth interrogation of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:357-66. [PMID: 21785264 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.4.16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess the feasibility and reproducibility of performing tissue-based immune characterization of the tumor microenvironment using CT-compatible needle biopsy material. Three independent biopsies were obtained intraoperatively from one metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer lesion of 7 consecutive patients undergoing surgical cytoreduction using a 16-gauge core biopsy needle. Core specimens were snap-frozen and subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) against human CD3, CD4, CD8, and FoxP3. A portion of the cores was used to isolate RNA for 1) real-time quantitative (q)PCR for CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, IL-10 and TGF-beta, 2) multiplexed PCR-based T cell receptor (TCR) CDR3 Vβ region spectratyping, and 3) gene expression profiling. Pearson's correlations were examined for immunohistochemistry and PCR gene expression, as well as for gene expression array data obtained from different tumor biopsies. Needle biopsy yielded sufficient tissue for all assays in all patients. IHC was highly reproducible and informative. Significant correlations were seen between the frequency of CD3+, CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells by IHC with CD3ε, CD8A, and FoxP3 gene expression, respectively, by qPCR (r=0.61, 0.86, and 0.89; all p< 0.05). CDR3 spectratyping was feasible and highly reproducible in each tumor, and indicated a restricted repertoire for specific TCR Vβ chains in tumor-infiltrating T cells. Microarray gene expression revealed strong correlation between different biopsies collected from the same tumor. Our results demonstrate a feasible and reproducible method of immune monitoring using CT-compatible needle biopsies from tumor tissue, thereby paving the way for sophisticated translational studies during tumor biological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Hagemann
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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46
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Sasaroli D, Gimotty PA, Pathak HB, Hammond R, Kougioumtzidou E, Katsaros D, Buckanovich R, Devarajan K, Sandaltzopoulos R, Godwin AK, Scholler N, Coukos G. Novel surface targets and serum biomarkers from the ovarian cancer vasculature. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:169-80. [PMID: 21617380 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.3.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular phenotype of tumor vasculature is different from normal vasculature, offering new opportunities for diagnosis and therapy of cancer, but the identification of tumor-restricted targets remains a challenge. We investigated 13 tumor vascular markers (TVMs) from 50 candidates identified through expression profiling of ovarian cancer vascular cells and selected to be either transmembrane or secreted, and to be either absent or expressed at low levels in normal tissues while overexpressed in tumors, based on analysis of 1,110 normal and tumor tissues from publicly available Affymetrix microarray data. Tumor-specific expression of each TVM was confirmed at the protein level in tumor tissue and/or in serum. Among the 13 TVMs, 11 were expressed on tumor vascular endothelium; the remaining 2 TVMs were expressed by tumor leukocytes. Our results demonstrate that certain transmembrane TVMs such as ADAM12 and CDCP1 are selectively expressed in tumor vasculature and represent promising targets for vascular imaging or anti-vascular therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer, while secreted or shed molecules such as TNFRSF21/DR6 can function as serum biomarkers. We have identified novel tumor-specific vasculature markers which appear promising for cancer serum diagnostics, molecular imaging and/or therapeutic targeting applications and warrant further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Sasaroli
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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47
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Karmarkar S, Garber R, Genchanok Y, George S, Yang X, Hammond R. Quality by Design (QbD) Based Development of a Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Drug and Impurities. J Chromatogr Sci 2011; 49:439-46. [DOI: 10.1093/chrsci/49.6.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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48
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Basu D, Montone KT, Wang LP, Gimotty PA, Hammond R, Diehl JA, Rustgi AK, Lee JT, Rasanen K, Weinstein GS, Herlyn M. Detecting and targeting mesenchymal-like subpopulations within squamous cell carcinomas. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:2008-16. [PMID: 21558812 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.12.15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curative eradication of all cells within carcinomas is seldom achievable with chemotherapy alone. This limitation may be partially attributable to tumor cell subpopulations with intrinsic resistance to current drugs. Within squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines, we previously characterized a subpopulation of mesenchymal-like cells displaying phenotypic plasticity and increased resistance to both cytotoxic and targeted agents. These mesenchymal-like (Ecad-lo) cells are separable from epithelial-like (Ecad-hi) cells based on loss of surface E-cadherin and expression of vimentin. Despite their long-term plasticity, both Ecad-lo and Ecad-hi subsets in short-term culture maintained nearly uniform phenotypes after purification. This stability allowed testing of segregated subpopulations for relative sensitivity to the cytotoxic agent cisplatin in comparison to salinomycin, a compound with reported activity against CD44(+)CD24(-) stem-like cells in breast carcinomas. Salinomycin showed comparable efficacy against both Ecad-hi and Ecad-lo cells in contrast to cisplatin, which selectively depleted Ecad-hi cells. An in vivo correlate of these mesenchymal-like Ecad-lo cells was identified by immunohistochemical detection of vimentin-positive malignant subsets across a part of direct tumor xenografts (DTXs) of advanced stage SCC patient samples. Cisplatin treatment of mice with established DTXs caused enrichment of vimentin-positive malignant cells in residual tumors, but salinomycin depleted the same subpopulation. These results demonstrate that mesenchymal-like SCC cells, which resist current chemotherapies, respond to a treatment strategy developed against a stem-like subset in breast carcinoma. Further, they provide evidence of mesenchymal-like subsets being well-represented across advanced stage SCCs, suggesting that intrinsic drug resistance in this subpopulation has high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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49
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Hammond R, Nelson D, Gibbs R. GPR30 co-localizes with cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and enhances potassium-stimulated acetylcholine release in the hippocampus. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2011; 36:182-92. [PMID: 20696528 PMCID: PMC2994977 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
GPR30 is a novel, membrane-bound, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (Filardo et al., 2002; Prossnitz et al., 2008). We hypothesize that GPR30 may mediate effects of estradiol (E2) on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and cognitive performance. Recently we showed that G-1, a selective GPR30 agonist, enhances the rate of acquisition on a delayed matching-to-position (DMP) T-maze task (Hammond et al., 2009). In the present study, we examined the distribution of GPR30 in the rat forebrain, and the effects of G-1 on potassium-stimulated acetylcholine release in the hippocampus. GPR30-like immunoreactivity was detected in many regions of the forebrain including the hippocampus, frontal cortex, medial septum/diagonal band of Broca, nucleus basalis magnocellularis and striatum. GPR30 mRNA also was detected, with higher levels in the hippocampus and cortex than in the septum and striatum. Co-localization studies revealed that the majority (63-99%) of cholinergic neurons in the forebrain expressed GPR30-like immunoreactivity. A far lower percentage (0.4-42%) of GABAergic (parvalbumin-containing) cells also contained GPR30. Sustained administration of either G-1 or E2 (5 μg/day) to ovariectomized rats produced a nearly 3-fold increase in potassium-stimulated acetylcholine release in the hippocampus relative to vehicle-treated controls. These data demonstrate that GPR30 is expressed by cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, and suggest that activation of GPR30 enhances cholinergic function in the hippocampus similar to E2. This may account for the effects of G-1 on DMP acquisition previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Hammond
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1009 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, TEL: 412-383-6877,
| | - D. Nelson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1009 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, TEL: 412-383-6877,
| | - R.B. Gibbs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1009 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, TEL: 412-383-6877,
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Hammond R, Gibbs RB. GPR30 is positioned to mediate estrogen effects on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and cognitive performance. Brain Res 2010; 1379:53-60. [PMID: 21138734 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of estrogen therapy on cognitive performance diminish with age and time following the loss of ovarian function. This has led to the 'Window of Opportunity' hypothesis, which states that estrogen therapy must be administered within a limited period of time following menopause in order to be effective. Effects of estrogen therapy on cognitive performance are due, at least in part, to the effects on cholinergic afferents innervating the hippocampus and cortex, and it has been suggested that the loss of estrogen effect with age and time following menopause is due to a substantial reduction in the function of these projections. The mechanisms that underlie the effects are not clear. GPR30 is a novel G-protein coupled estrogen receptor that is expressed in the brain and other tissues. Our recent studies show that GPR30 is expressed in areas of the brain important for spatial learning, memory, and attention. In addition, GPR30 in expressed by the vast majority of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, and appears to be an important regulator of basal forebrain cholinergic function. We hypothesize that GPR30 plays an important role in mediating direct effects of estradiol on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, with corresponding effects on cognitive performance. Hence, GPR30 may be an important target for developing new therapies that can enhance or restore estrogen effects on cognitive performance in older women. Here we briefly review the cholinergic hypothesis and summarize our findings to date showing effects of a GPR30 agonist and antagonist on basal forebrain cholinergic function and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hammond
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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