New Emerging Aspect of Herbal Extracts for the Treatment of Osteoporosis: Overview

As the global population ages, osteoporosis is becoming a more common silent disease. Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone quality and strength, which increases the risk of fragility fractures in the elderly. According to estimates, 50% of women eventually suffer from an osteoporotic fracture. Due to increasing disability, more frequent hospital hospitalizations, and most critically, fragility fractures have been linked to a reduced quality of life. Osteoporotic fractures have been linked to an increased mortality risk; and must be considered in awareness as a serious health concern. There are anti-osteoporotic medications available that improve bone quality. Considering the availability of various treatment options, still there are a lot of underserved needs in the treatment of fractures and osteoporosis. For example, the application of natural products and herbal resources for fracture healing, because of the androgen-like and antioxidant characteristics of the plants, they can play a crucial for accelerating the repair of bone fractures. In this article, we'll discuss the herbal remedies that are essential for treating osteoporosis (bone disease).

Ceramide kinase: a potential anti-inflammatory target?

Ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) possesses emerging and diversified roles in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. Data have established a proinflammatory role for C1P and have also produced information on the structure, function, substrate specificity and regulatory mechanisms of its synthesizing enzyme, ceramide kinase (CERK). This review focuses on the rationale for designing specific inhibitors of CERK and provides evidence for the potential of CERK inhibition as a promising anti-inflammatory therapy.

RBx 7796: A novel inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the pharmacological profile of RBx 7,796, a novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RBx 7,796 was evaluated for 5- lipoxygenase inhibitory potential using human recombinant enzyme and profiled for selectivity against 12 and 15 lipoxygenase. RBx 7,796 was evaluated in cell based assay for inhibition of A23,187 induced LTB(4) release from isolated neutrophils. Ex vivo activity was evaluated for inhibition of A23,187 induced LTB(4) release in blood from treated rats. In vivo efficacy of RBx 7,796 was profiled in LPS induced neutrophilia model in rats and also in ovalbumin induced bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation models in guinea pigs.

RESULTS

RBx 7,796, a novel chemotype, showed competitive inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme with an IC(50) of 3.5 +/- 1.1 microM. RBx 7,796 offered >100 fold selectivity against other related enzymes - 12 and 15 lipoxygenase. RBx 7,796 inhibited release of LTB(4) from human and rat neutrophils in vitro. Upon administration to rats, RBx 7,796 inhibited A23,187 induced LTB(4) release from rat neutrophils. Upon repeated administration, dosed once daily, RBx 7,796 inhibited LPS induced neutrophil influx in rat airway. RBx 7,796 also inhibited allergen induced bronchoconstriction and eosinophil influx in guinea pig airway in a dose dependent manner.

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that RBx 7,796, a novel chemotype, is an orally efficacious inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme that is effective against both neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation and shows potent inhibition with once daily administration.

Ranbezolid, a novel oxazolidinone antibacterial: In vivo characterisation of monoamine oxidase inhibitory potential in conscious rats

Ranbezolid, a novel oxazolidinone antibacterial, competitively inhibits monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), in vitro. The consequences of MAO-A inhibition was evaluated in vivo, by testing interaction of Ranbezolid with tyramine (in solution or mixed with feed), and amine containing cold remedies on pressor response in conscious rats. Single and repeat doses of Ranbezolid (50 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect pressor response to tyramine (5 or 15 mg/kg), but potentiated the same after a single dose of 100 mg/kg. Co-administration of Ranbezolid with tyramine in feed or with cold remedies also did not potentiate the respective pressor responses. These results suggest that Ranbezolid exhibits minimal cardiovascular liability associated with MAO-A inhibition.