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Fonseca ALF, Santos BC, Anastácio LR, Pereira RG, Correia MITD, Lima AS, Mizubuti YGG, Ferreira SC, Ferreira LG. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition and prediction of mortality in patients awaiting liver transplant: A validation study. Nutrition 2023; 114:112093. [PMID: 37437417 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) is a framework aiming to standardize malnutrition diagnosis. However, it still needs to be validated, in particular for patients with chronic liver disease. This study aimed to validate the GLIM criteria in patients with liver cirrhosis awaiting liver transplant (LTx). METHODS This was a retrospective observational study carried out with adult patients on the waiting list for LTx, consecutively evaluated between 2006 and 2021. The phenotypic criteria were unintentional weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced muscle mass (midarm muscle circumference [MAMC]). The etiologic criteria were high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and MELD adjusted for serum sodium (MELD-Na) scores, the Child-Pugh score, low serum albumin, and low food intake and/or assimilation. Forty-three GLIM combinations were tested. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive and negative predictive values, and machine learning (ML) techniques were used. Survival analysis with Cox regression was carried out. RESULTS A total of 419 patients with advanced liver cirrhosis were included (median age, 52.0 y [46-59 y]; 69.2% male; 68.8% malnourished according to the Subjective Global Assessment [SGA]). The prevalence of malnutrition by the GLIM criteria ranged from 3.1% to 58.2%, and five combinations had SE or SP >80%. The MAMC as a phenotypic criterion with MELD and MELD-Na as etiologic criteria were predictors of mortality. The MAMC and the presence of any phenotypic criteria associated with liver disease parameters and low food intake or assimilation were associated with malnutrition prediction in ML analysis. CONCLUSIONS The MAMC and liver disease parameters were associated with malnutrition diagnosis by SGA and were also predictors of 1-y mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis awaiting LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Chaves Santos
- Food Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ramon Gonçalves Pereira
- Computer Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Agnaldo Soares Lima
- Surgery PostGraduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lívia Garcia Ferreira
- Nutrition and Health Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.
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Gomes KB, Pereira RG, Braga AA, Guimarães HC, Resende EDPF, Teixeira AL, Barbosa MT, Junior WM, Carvalho MDG, Caramelli P. Machine Learning-Based Routine Laboratory Tests Predict One-Year Cognitive and Functional Decline in a Population Aged 75+ Years. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040690. [PMID: 37190655 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and functional decline are common problems in older adults, especially in those 75+ years old. Currently, there is no specific plasma biomarker able to predict this decline in healthy old-age people. Machine learning (ML) is a subarea of artificial intelligence (AI), which can be used to predict outcomes Aim: This study aimed to evaluate routine laboratory variables able to predict cognitive and functional impairment, using ML algorithms, in a cohort aged 75+ years, in a one-year follow-up study. METHOD One hundred and thirty-two older adults aged 75+ years were selected through a community-health public program or from long-term-care institutions. Their functional and cognitive performances were evaluated at baseline and one year later using a functional activities questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery. Routine laboratory tests were performed at baseline. ML algorithms-random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and XGBoost-were applied in order to describe the best model able to predict cognitive and functional decline using routine tests as features. RESULTS The random forest model showed better accuracy than other algorithms and included triglycerides, glucose, hematocrit, red cell distribution width (RDW), albumin, hemoglobin, globulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), creatinine, lymphocyte, erythrocyte, platelet/leucocyte (PLR), and neutrophil/leucocyte (NLR) ratios, and alanine transaminase (ALT), leukocyte, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), cortisol, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and eosinophil as features to predict cognitive decline (accuracy = 0.79). For functional decline, the most important features were platelet, PLR and NLR, hemoglobin, globulin, cortisol, RDW, glucose, basophil, B12 vitamin, creatinine, GGT, ALT, aspartate transferase (AST), eosinophil, hematocrit, erythrocyte, triglycerides, HDL-c, and monocyte (accuracy = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS Routine laboratory variables could be applied to predict cognitive and functional decline in oldest-old populations using ML algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Braga Gomes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ramon Gonçalves Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Alberto Braga
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maira Tonidandel Barbosa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Wagner Meira Junior
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Caramelli
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Covas DT, de Jesus Lopes de Abreu A, Zampirolli Dias C, Vansan Ferreira R, Gonçalves Pereira R, Silva Julian G. Adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and postpartum women in Brazil: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280284. [PMID: 36638103 PMCID: PMC9838840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By the fact that pregnant and postpartum women are currently using COVID-19 vaccines, ensure their safety is critical. So, more safety evidence is crucial to include this new technology to their vaccine's calendar and to develop public policies regarding the support and training of Health Care Personnel. This study aims to describe the adverse events (AE) of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and postpartum women in the early stage of vaccination campaign in Brazil. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian surveillance information system to characterize the AE of COVID-19 vaccines (Sinovac/Butantan, Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca and Janssen) in Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women from April to August 2021. Frequency and incidence rate of AE for COVID-19 vaccines were assessed. RESULTS 3,333 AE following immunization were reported for the study population. AE incidence was 309.4/100,000 doses (95% CI 297.23, 321.51). Within the vaccines available, Sinovac/Butantan had the lowest incidence (74.08/100,000 doses; 95% CI 63.47, 84.69). Systemic events were the most frequent notified (82.07%), followed by local (11.93%) and maternal (4.74%), being most of them classified as non-severe (90.65%). CONCLUSION Our results corroborate the recommendation of vaccination for these groups. Even though, further studies appraising a longer observation time are still needed to provide a broader safety aspect for the vaccines currently under use for this population.
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Assis Acurcio FD, Guerra Junior AA, Marino Calvo MC, Nunes DH, Akerman M, Spinel LF, Garcia MM, Pereira RG, Costa Borysow ID, Silva RR, Azevedo PS, Iacabo Correia Gomes PC, Alvares-Teodoro J. Cost-minimization analysis of teledermatology versus conventional care in the Brazilian National Health System. J Comp Eff Res 2021; 10:1159-1168. [PMID: 34494888 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2021-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Cost-minimization analysis (CMA) comparing the teledermatology service of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil with the provision of conventional care, from the societal perspective. Patients & methods: All costs related to direct patient care were considered in calculation of outpatient costs. The evaluation was performed using the parameters avoided referrals and profile of hospitalizations. The economic analysis was developed through a decision tree. Results: Totally, 40% of 79,411 tests performed could be managed in primary care, avoiding commuting and expanding the patients' access. The CMA showed the teledermatology service had a cost per patient of US$196.04, and the conventional care of US$245.66. Conclusion: In this scenario, teledermatology proved to be a cost-saving alternative to conventional care, reducing commuting costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Assis Acurcio
- Centro Colaborador do SUS para Avaliação de Tecnologias e Excelência em Saúde - Departamento de Farmácia Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Augusto Afonso Guerra Junior
- Centro Colaborador do SUS para Avaliação de Tecnologias e Excelência em Saúde - Departamento de Farmácia Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina Marino Calvo
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Daniel Holthausen Nunes
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitário Polyodoro Ernani de São Thiago, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Marco Akerman
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Marina Morgado Garcia
- Centro Colaborador do SUS para Avaliação de Tecnologias e Excelência em Saúde - Departamento de Farmácia Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Ramon Gonçalves Pereira
- Centro Colaborador do SUS para Avaliação de Tecnologias e Excelência em Saúde - Departamento de Farmácia Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | | | | - Pamela Santos Azevedo
- Centro Colaborador do SUS para Avaliação de Tecnologias e Excelência em Saúde - Departamento de Farmácia Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | | - Juliana Alvares-Teodoro
- Centro Colaborador do SUS para Avaliação de Tecnologias e Excelência em Saúde - Departamento de Farmácia Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Faleiros DR, Alvares-Teodoro J, Nunes da Silva E, Godman BB, Gonçalves Pereira R, Gurgel Andrade EI, de Assis Acurcio FA, Guerra Júnior AA. Budget impact analysis of medicines: estimated values versus real-world evidence and the implications. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2021; 22:271-281. [PMID: 33971778 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2021.1927716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Budget Impact Analyses (BIA) of medicines helps managers in promoting health systems' sustainability when assessing the role and value of new medicines. However, it is not clear whether BIAs typically underestimate or overestimate the impact on real-world budgets. This retroactive analysis seeks to compare estimated values obtained by a BIA and Real-World Evidence (RWE) to guide discussions.Methods: The estimated values were obtained through a BIA concerning the incorporation of adalimumab for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis into the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) carried out retroactively and per international guidelines. RWE data was extracted from SUS computerized systems. We subsequently compared the number of treatments, costs, and Incremental Budget Impact (IBI).Results - The total number of treatments was underestimated by 10% (6,243) and the total expenditure was overestimated by 463% (US$ 4.7 billion). In five years, the total difference between the estimated values and real IBI reached US$ 1.1 billion. A current expenditure of US$ 1.0 was observed for every US$ 5.60 of estimated expenditure.Conclusion - The higher estimates from the BIA might cause decision makers to be more cautious with the introduction of a new medicine to reduce the opportunity costs for other interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian B Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK.,Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Francisco A de Assis Acurcio
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Henrique JR, Pereira RG, Ferreira RS, Keller H, de Van der Schueren M, Gonzalez MC, Meira W, Correia MITD. Pilot study GLIM criteria for categorization of a malnutrition diagnosis of patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal operations: A pilot study of applicability and validation. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Acurcio FDA, Guerra Junior AA, da Silva MRR, Pereira RG, Godman B, Bennie M, Nedjar H, Rahme E. Comparative persistence of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in ankylosing spondylitis patients: a multicenter international study. Curr Med Res Opin 2020; 36:677-686. [PMID: 31990224 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1722945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate persistence on conventional DMARDs (cDMARDs) and anti-TNF therapies, and to identify potential determinants of discontinuation among individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) living in Brazil and Quebec, Canada.Methods: We conducted a cohort study of AS patients using health administrative data (2010-2015). One-year and 2-year persistence rates were assessed. Cox regression was used to identify potential determinants of therapy discontinuation.Results: One-year persistence was less likely in Brazil for both anti-TNF and cDMARDs (Brazil: 62.1 and 30.7%, Quebec: 66.9 and 67.0%). The 2-year persistence rates were lower for both anti-TNF and cDMARD, but remained higher in Quebec (Brazil: 47.9 and 18.1%, Quebec: 51.5 and 53.5%). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age, sex and comorbidities were associated with persistence in both countries. In Quebec, persistence did not differ between rural and urban regions or with socioeconomic status. While in Brazil, patients in regions with higher Human Development Index and those in cities with lower Gini index were less likely to discontinue therapy.Conclusions: Canadian AS patients were more likely to persist on therapy compared to Brazilian patients, although rates were lower at 2 years in both countries. Socioeconomic disparity in persistence was found in Brazil, but not in Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Assis Acurcio
- Department of Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
- SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health (CCATES), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Post-graduated Program of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Augusto Afonso Guerra Junior
- Department of Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
- SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health (CCATES), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da Silva
- Department of Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
- SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health (CCATES), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ramon Gonçalves Pereira
- Department of Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
- SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health (CCATES), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Health Economics Centre, Liverpool University Management School, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Bennie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hacene Nedjar
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elham Rahme
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Guerra Junior AA, Pereira RG, Gurgel EI, Cherchiglia M, Dias LV, Ávila JD, Santos N, Reis A, Acurcio FA, Meira Junior W. Building the National Database of Health Centred on the Individual: Administrative and Epidemiological Record Linkage - Brazil, 2000-2015. Int J Popul Data Sci 2018; 3:446. [PMID: 34095519 PMCID: PMC8142958 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v3i1.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Brazil, the National Health System (SUS) provides healthcare to the public. The system has multiple administrative databases; the major databases record hospital (SIH) and outpatient (SIA) procedures. Epidemiological information is collected for all populations in subsystems, such as mortality (SIM), live births (SINASC) and diseases of compulsory declaration (SINAN). Each subsystem has its own information system, which is able to provide information about consultations, clinical information and medicines dispensed. However, these systems are not linked, thereby preventing individual-centred analysis. Objective To describe the methods and results of parameter setting that are needed to execute the probabilistic deduplication of large administrative and epidemiological databases in Brazil and to create a National Health Database Centred on the individual. Methods This paper shows the results of a record linkage model to integrate data from SIH, SIA, SIM, and SINAN, which have different formats and attributes between them and over time. These data consist of 1.3 billion records from 2000-2015. Probabilistic and deterministic record linkages were used to deduplicate these data. The Kappa statistic and clerical review were used to ensure the quality of the linkage. The graph algorithm and depth-first search were used to generate the identifiers. Results The deterministic deduplication process resulted in a database with 403,113,527 possible unique individuals. After the probabilistic deduplication process of the former database was performed, 159,703,805 unique individuals were identified. This result had an estimated a false positive error rate of 3.3%, and the false negative error was estimated at 12.3%. Conclusions The National Health Database centred on the individual was generated and will allow researchers to use real-world evidence to conduct clinical, epidemiological, economic and other studies. This database represents a significant cohort, spanning 15 years of historical data and preserving patient privacy. The success of the process described will allow repeating and appending the data for future years and enable important studies to promote SUS efficiency and provide better treatments for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Afonso Guerra Junior
- Federal University of Minas Gerais - Faculty of Pharmacy Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 Campus Pampulha - Cep: 31270-901 Belo Horizonte - MG - Brasil
| | | | - Eli Iola Gurgel
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Cherchiglia
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vinicius Dias
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems (LBS) Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG, 31270-901
- Brazil
| | - Juliano D Ávila
- Ministry of Health - Esplanade of Ministries, Block G, Ground Floor; Brasília / DF - CEP: 70058-900
| | - Núbia Santos
- Ministry of Health - Esplanade of Ministries, Block G, Ground Floor; Brasília / DF - CEP: 70058-900
| | - Afonso Reis
- Ministry of Health - Esplanade of Ministries, Block G, Ground Floor; Brasília / DF - CEP: 70058-900
| | - Francisco Assis Acurcio
- Federal University of Minas Gerais - Faculty of Pharmacy Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 Campus Pampulha - Cep: 31270-901 Belo Horizonte - MG - Brasil
| | - Wagner Meira Junior
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Lemos LLPD, Guerra Júnior AA, Santos M, Magliano C, Diniz I, Souza K, Pereira RG, Alvares J, Godman B, Bennie M, Zimmermann IR, dos Santos VCC, Pretramale CA, Acurcio FDA. The Assessment for Disinvestment of Intramuscular Interferon Beta for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Brazil. Pharmacoeconomics 2018; 36:161-173. [PMID: 29139001 PMCID: PMC5805817 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-017-0579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, inclusion and exclusion of health technologies within the Unified Health System (SUS) is the responsibility of the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC). A recent Cochrane systematic review demonstrated that intramuscular interferon beta 1a (IFN-β-1a-IM) was inferior to the other beta interferons (IFN-βs) for multiple sclerosis (MS). As a result, CONITEC commissioned an analysis to review possible disinvestment within SUS. The objective of this paper is to describe the disinvestment process for IFN-β-1a-IM in Brazil. The first assessment comprised a literature review and mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis. The outcome of interest was the proportion of relapse-free patients in 2 years. This analysis confirmed the inferiority of IFN-β-1a-IM. Following this, CONITEC recommended disinvestment, with the decision sent for public consultation. More than 3000 contributions were made on CONITEC's webpage, most of them against the preliminary decision. As a result, CONITEC commissioned a study to assess the effectiveness of IFN-β-1a-IM among Brazilian patients in routine clinical care. The second assessment involved an 11-year follow-up of a non-concurrent cohort of 12,154 MS patients developed by deterministic-probabilistic linkage of SUS administrative databases. The real-world assessment further demonstrated that IFN-β-1a-IM users had a statistically higher risk of treatment failure, defined as treatment switching or relapse treatment or death, with the assessment showing that IFN-β-1a-IM was inferior to the other IFN-βs and to glatiramer acetate in both direct and indirect analysis. In the drug ranking with 40,000 simulations, IFN-β-1a-IM was the worst option, with a success rate of only 152/40,000. Following this, CONITEC decided to exclude the intramuscular presentation of IFN-β from the current MS treatment guidelines, giving patients who are currently on this treatment the option of continuing until treatment failure. In conclusion, we believe this is the first example of this new disinvestment process in action, providing an exemplar for other treatments in Brazil as well as other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Lovato Pires de Lemos
- SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health, sala 1042, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, sala 533, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Porf. Alfredo Balena, 190 , Campus Saúde, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 30130-100 Brazil
| | - Augusto Afonso Guerra Júnior
- SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health, sala 1042, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica, sala 1023, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Marisa Santos
- Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, R. das Laranjeiras, 374, Bairro Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 22240-006 Brazil
| | - Carlos Magliano
- Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, R. das Laranjeiras, 374, Bairro Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 22240-006 Brazil
| | - Isabela Diniz
- SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health, sala 1042, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica, sala 1023, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Kathiaja Souza
- Departamento de Gestão e Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos, Ministério da Saúde, Esplanada dos Ministérios Bloco G, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70058-900 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Baseada em Evidências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, 3 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 04023-900 Brazil
| | - Ramon Gonçalves Pereira
- SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health, sala 1042, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Juliana Alvares
- SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health, sala 1042, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica, sala 1023, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Brian Godman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE UK
- Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marion Bennie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE UK
| | - Ivan Ricardo Zimmermann
- Departamento de Gestão e Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos, Ministério da Saúde, Esplanada dos Ministérios Bloco G, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70058-900 Brazil
| | - Vânia Crisitna Canuto dos Santos
- Departamento de Gestão e Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos, Ministério da Saúde, Esplanada dos Ministérios Bloco G, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70058-900 Brazil
| | - Clarice Alegre Pretramale
- Departamento de Gestão e Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos, Ministério da Saúde, Esplanada dos Ministérios Bloco G, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70058-900 Brazil
| | - Francisco de Assis Acurcio
- SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health, sala 1042, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, sala 533, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Porf. Alfredo Balena, 190 , Campus Saúde, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 30130-100 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica, sala 1023, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901 Brazil
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10
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Abstract
Strongly correlated materials with strong spin-orbit coupling hold promise for realizing topological phases with fractionalized excitations. Here, we propose a chiral spin-orbital liquid as a stable phase of a realistic model for heavy-element double perovskites. This spin liquid state has Majorana fermion excitations with a gapless spectrum characterized by nodal lines along the edges of the Brillouin zone. We show that the nodal lines are topological defects of a non-Abelian Berry connection and that the system exhibits dispersing surface states. We discuss some experimental signatures of this state and compare them with properties of the spin liquid candidate Ba_{2}YMoO_{6}.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M H Natori
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - E C Andrade
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz, 271-Bloco II, 01140-070 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Miranda
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Unicamp, Rua Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, 777, CEP 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R G Pereira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
- International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal-RN, Brazil and Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
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11
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Caracanhas MA, Bagnato VS, Pereira RG. Tkachenko polarons in vortex lattices. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:115304. [PMID: 24074103 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the properties of impurities immersed in a vortex lattice formed by ultracold bosons in the mean field quantum Hall regime. In addition to the effects of a periodic lattice potential, the impurity is dressed by collective modes with parabolic dispersion (Tkachenko modes). We derive the effective polaron model, which contains a marginal impurity-phonon interaction. The polaron spectral function exhibits a Lorentzian broadening for arbitrarily small wave vectors even at zero temperature, in contrast with the result for optical or acoustic phonons. The anomalous damping of Tkachenko polarons could be detected experimentally using momentum-resolved spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Caracanhas
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
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12
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Sirker J, Pereira RG, Affleck I. Diffusion and ballistic transport in one-dimensional quantum systems. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:216602. [PMID: 20366058 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.216602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
It has been conjectured that transport in integrable one-dimensional systems is necessarily ballistic. The large diffusive response seen experimentally in nearly ideal realizations of the S=1/2 1D Heisenberg model is therefore puzzling and has not been explained so far. Here, we show that, contrary to common belief, diffusion is universally present in interacting 1D systems subject to a periodic lattice potential. We present a parameter-free formula for the spin-lattice relaxation rate which is in excellent agreement with experiment. Furthermore, we calculate the current decay directly in the thermodynamic limit using a time-dependent density matrix renormalization group algorithm and show that an anomalously large time scale exists even at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sirker
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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13
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Vieira GEG, Romeiro GA, Sella SM, Damasceno RN, Pereira RG. Low temperature conversion (LTC)--an alternative method to treat sludge generated in an industrial wastewater treatment station--batch and continuous process comparison. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:1544-1547. [PMID: 18976904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work low temperature conversion (LTC) process was applied in a dried sludge from a petrochemical industry wastewater treatment station located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The process was performed in two modes: continuous and batch-scale. This process produced a pyrolysis oil (continuous 14%; batch-scale 40% yield); pyrolytic char (continuous 46%; batch-scale 56% yield); gas and water. Pyrolysis oil fraction was analyzed by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GCMS) and the main components identified were toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropyl benzene, alpha-methylstyrene, butanenitrile and 1,3- biphenyl propane. Metals content, sulfur content and calorific value have been determined for the pyrolysis oil fraction. The results showed that the pyrolysis oil obtained could be used for industrial purposes and/or as energetic matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E G Vieira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós Graduação em Química Orgânica, Niterói-RJ, CEP 24210-150, Brazil
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14
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Pereira RG, Sirker J, Caux JS, Hagemans R, Maillet JM, White SR, Affleck I. Dynamical spin structure factor for the anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:257202. [PMID: 16907337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.257202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The longitudinal spin structure factor for the XXZ-chain at small wave vector q is obtained using Bethe ansatz, field theory methods, and the density matrix renormalization group. It consists of a peak with a peculiar, non-Lorentzian shape and a high-frequency tail. We show that the width of the peak is proportional to q2 for finite magnetic field compared to q3 for a zero field. For the tail we derive an analytic formula without any adjustable parameters and demonstrate that the integrability of the model directly affects the line shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Pereira
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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15
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Abstract
We report the presence of spin dimerization in the ground state of the one-dimensional Kondo lattice model at quarter filling. The emergence of this new phase of the Kondo lattice can be traced to the form of the RKKY interaction between the localized moments and provides the first example of dimerization induced indirectly by itinerant electrons. We propose this dimer ordering as the driving mechanism of the spin-Peierls phase observed in the quasi-one-dimensional organic compounds (Per)2M(mnt)(2) (M=Pt, Pd). Moreover, this suggests that a richer phase diagram than the Doniach paradigm may be needed to accommodate the physics of heavy fermion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Xavier
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Unicamp, CP 6165, Campinas SP 13083-970, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
To verify the prevalence of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in alcoholics we studied 131 alcoholic patients (119 males and 12 females) with a mean age of 44.3 +/- 10.8 years. Serum samples were collected from this group and analysed, by ELISA, for antibodies against HIV as well as for serological markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). As we have previously described, we found a high prevalence of HBV (26.4%) and HCV (4.2%) markers as compared to the prevalence of these markers in samples of normal blood donors from Uberlândia's Hemocentro Regional, which are 4% and 0.4%, respectively. Of the 131 patients, four (3%) had antibodies against HIV, three (75%) of which were injecting drug users (IDU). In the HIV-negative group, only one patient was an IDU. The prevalence of HIV in our population, according to data from the city's Health Secretary, varies from 3.1% to 6.2%. We conclude that, at least for the moment, alcoholism per se, did not constitute an important risk factor for HIV infection. However, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a rather recent disease as compared to hepatitis B and C and, as the transmission routes are similar for HIV and hepatitis viruses, an increase in the incidence of HIV infection in alcoholics may be just a question of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C de Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brasil.
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Iikawa F, Abbade ML, Brum JA, Bernussi AA, Pereira RG, Borghs G. Magneto-optical experiments on GaAs/InxGa1-xAs/AlyGa1-yAs modulation-doped single quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:11360-11364. [PMID: 9984925 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.11360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Pinto PF, Pereira RG. [The pedagogy of sex education]. Servir 1984; 32:253-5, 273. [PMID: 6443320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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