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Wilke K, Nietzsche S, Hemmleb M, Mason S, Varghese R, Lang T, Gaengler P. Cervical wear pathobiology by robot-simulated 3-year toothbrushing - New methodological approach. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 163:105981. [PMID: 38669743 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An ex-vivo study was aimed at (i) programming clinically validated robot three-year random toothbrushing, (ii) evaluating cervical macro- and microwear patterns on all tooth groups of different functional age, (iii) documenting and codificating wear related morphological features at the cemento-enamel junction in young teeth and on roots in older teeth. DESIGN Following ethical approval random toothbrushing (44 strokes per tooth horizontally, rotating, vertically; 2x/d) with manual toothbrushes and low-abrasive dentifrice was performed in an artificial oral cavity with brushing-force 3.5 N on 14 extracted human teeth. Morphological features were examined by SEM at baseline and after simulated 3 years using the replication technique. 3D-SEM analyses were carried out with a four-quadrant back scattered electron detector. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-test was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS 3-year random toothbrushing with horizontal, rotating and vertical brushing movements revealed morphological features classified as four enamel patterns, one dentin pattern and three cervical patterns. Negative impacts were enamel, cementum and dentin loss. Positive impact on oral health was removing dental calculus and straightening cervical traumatic and iatrogenic damages. The volume loss varied from x̅=34.25nl to x̅=87.75nl. Wear extended apically from 100 to 1500 micrometres. CONCLUSION Robot simulated toothbrushing in an artificial oral cavity, with subsequent SEM and 3D-SEM assessment, elucidated both negative and oral health-contributing micromorphology patterns of cervical wear after simulated 3-year random toothbrushing. Cervical macro- and microwear of cementum revealed, for the first time, what we describe as overhanging enamel peninsulas and enamel islands on roots in young teeth, but no enamel islands on roots from older teeth after root cementum loss. In contrast, many older teeth exhibited enamel peninsulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wilke
- ORMED - Institute for Oral Medicine at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - S Nietzsche
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - M Hemmleb
- Point electronic GmbH, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Mason
- Haleon, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | | | - T Lang
- ORMED - Institute for Oral Medicine at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - P Gaengler
- ORMED - Institute for Oral Medicine at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
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Bhaskar P, Panidapu N, Thomas D, Varghese R, Sen B. 'Pseudo-curare clefts' secondary to an aneurysmal right pulmonary artery. Anaesth Rep 2024; 12:e12295. [PMID: 38680851 PMCID: PMC11053367 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Bhaskar
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Anaesthesia and Intensive CareMohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre HospitalAwaliBahrain
| | - N. Panidapu
- Department of Cardiac AnesthesiaAmrita Institute of Medical SciencesKochiIndia
| | - D. Thomas
- Department of Cardiac AnesthesiaAmrita Institute of Medical SciencesKochiIndia
| | - R. Varghese
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac SurgeryMohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre HospitalAwaliBahrain
| | - B. Sen
- Department of Cardiac AnesthesiaAmrita Institute of Medical SciencesKochiIndia
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Singh P, Gupta R, Nayyar AK, Ghatak S, Gosal JS, Varghese R. Morphometry of depth of interhemispheric fissure on Indian cadaveric brain specimens. Clin Ter 2023; 174:281-286. [PMID: 37199365 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Background During neurosurgeries like resection of interhemispheric lipoma or cyst, surgeon needs to remain within the limits of interhemispheric fissure (IHF). Despite a massive literature search, data regarding the morphometry of IHF is meagre. Therefore, the present study was done to calculate the depth of IHF. Materials and Methods Twenty-five (fourteen male and eleven female) fresh human cadaveric brain specimens were used. The depth of IHF was measured from frontal pole; three points, anterior to coronal suture (A, B and C); four points, posterior to coronal suture (D, E, F and G) and from two points (via parieto-occipital sulcus and calcarine sulcus) on occipital pole. The measurements were taken from these points up to the floor of IHF. IHF is a midline groove and hence the measurements were taken from each point against both the left and the right cerebral hemispheres. At the end, not much bilateral asymmetry was found, hence the average of the reading for the same point against left and the right cerebral hemisphere was considered for calculation. Result Maximum depth was found to be 59.60 mm and minimum depth was found to be 19.66 mm among all the points which were considered for evaluation. No statistical difference was found in the depth of IHF among the male and the female groups as well as in the various age groups. Conclusion This data and knowledge about the depth of interhemispheric fissure will aid the neurosurgeons in order to perform the interhemispheric transcallosal approach as well as surgeries of interhemispheric fissure such as excision of lipoma, cyst, tumor of interhemispheric fissure through the shortest and the safest possible route.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Singh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - R Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - A K Nayyar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - S Ghatak
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - J S Gosal
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - R Varghese
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, AIIMS, Jodhpur, India
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Cheramangalam RN, Anand T, Pandey P, Balasubramanian D, Varghese R, Singhal N, Jaiswal SN, Jaiswal M. Bendless is essential for PINK1-Park mediated Mitofusin degradation under mitochondrial stress caused by loss of LRPPRC. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010493. [PMID: 37098042 PMCID: PMC10162545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells under mitochondrial stress often co-opt mechanisms to maintain energy homeostasis, mitochondrial quality control and cell survival. A mechanistic understanding of such responses is crucial for further insight into mitochondrial biology and diseases. Through an unbiased genetic screen in Drosophila, we identify that mutations in lrpprc2, a homolog of the human LRPPRC gene that is linked to the French-Canadian Leigh syndrome, result in PINK1-Park activation. While the PINK1-Park pathway is well known to induce mitophagy, we show that PINK1-Park regulates mitochondrial dynamics by inducing the degradation of the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin/Marf in lrpprc2 mutants. In our genetic screen, we also discover that Bendless, a K63-linked E2 conjugase, is a regulator of Marf, as loss of bendless results in increased Marf levels. We show that Bendless is required for PINK1 stability, and subsequently for PINK1-Park mediated Marf degradation under physiological conditions, and in response to mitochondrial stress as seen in lrpprc2. Additionally, we show that loss of bendless in lrpprc2 mutant eyes results in photoreceptor degeneration, indicating a neuroprotective role for Bendless-PINK1-Park mediated Marf degradation. Based on our observations, we propose that certain forms of mitochondrial stress activate Bendless-PINK1-Park to limit mitochondrial fusion, which is a cell-protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarana Anand
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Priyanka Pandey
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Reshmi Varghese
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Neha Singhal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Manish Jaiswal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
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Flood E, Browne L, Kurian S, Lynch C, Doyle M, Jordan A, Varghese R, Mello S. 132 GERIATRIC REHABILITATION IN THE COVID-19 ERA: SERVICE INNOVATION AND PATIENT OUTCOMES. Age Ageing 2021. [PMCID: PMC8689995 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- E Flood
- Peamount Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Browne
- Peamount Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Kurian
- Peamount Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Lynch
- Peamount Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Doyle
- Peamount Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Jordan
- Peamount Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - S Mello
- Peamount Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland,Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Sesamol is the main constituent of sesame seed oil and is obtained from Sesamum indicum. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common neoplasms affecting the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic potentials of sesamol on human oral squamous carcinoma (SCC-25) cells. Human oral squamous carcinoma cells were treated with different concentrations (62.5, 125, and 250 μM/mL) of sesamol for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by 3- (4, 5- dimethylthiazol -2- yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was investigated by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay. Apoptosis-related morphology was analyzed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Caspase-9 expression was analyzed by confocal microscopic double immunofluorescence staining. Mitochondrial apoptosis-related markers are analyzed using qPCR. Sesamol treatment caused a significant cytotoxic effect in OSCC cells. Sesamol-induced cytotoxic effect was associated with intracellular ROS generation. Sesamol treatments induced a significant increase in the early and late apoptotic cells. This treatment also induced caspase-9 expression in OSCC cells. Sesamol treatments caused downregulation of Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) expression at protein and gene levels. Sesamol treatment modulates intrinsic apoptotic marker gene expression in OSCC cells. Overall results confirm the anti-cancer potential of sesamol and it seems to be a promising candidate for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Laboratory, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 194347Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - D Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Varghese
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, 37442University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION A key purpose of denture provision is to enable eating, yet the body of evidence pertaining to the impact of dentures on wide-ranging nutritional outcomes has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES To systematically review published evidence pertaining to the effect of wearing removable dental prosthesis on dietary intake, nutritional status, eating function, and eating related-quality of life (ERQoL). METHODS Eight questions relating to the impact of wearing dentures on nutritional outcomes were addressed. The target population was healthy adults aged ≥18 y. Data sources included Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PubMed. Included were all human epidemiologic studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa score was used for appraisal of study quality. Harvest plots, vote counting, and accompanying narrative provided the basis for synthesis. RESULTS Of the 1,245 records identified, 134 were retrieved and eligibility assessed by 2 reviewers, and 41 studies were included in the synthesis (14 rated good quality, 20 fair, and 7 poor). The balance of data supported a positive impact of wearing full (5/7 studies) or partial (3/3 studies) dentures (vs. no dentures) on nutritional status, though no clear direction of effect was detected for the impact of dentures on dietary intake. The balance of data clearly showed that objective measures of eating function were compromised in full (14/15 studies) and partial (6/7 studies) denture wearers as compared with the dentate. Data showed that ERQoL was also compromised in denture wearers as compared with the dentate (3/3 studies). However, data showed a positive impact of wearing dentures on ERQoL (5/5 studies) as opposed to wearing no dentures. CONCLUSION The balance of evidence shows that despite no clear pattern on impact of wearing dentures on measured dietary intake, in those with tooth loss, wearing dentures can have a positive impact on nutritional status and enjoyment of eating. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this systematic review can be used to advocate for health care services to address prosthodontic need to benefit nutritional outcomes. The findings will be of use in educating health care professionals on the impact of wearing dentures and not addressing prosthodontic need on nutritional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moynihan
- Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Varghese
- Glaxosmithkline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, UK
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Varghese R, Neeravi A, Lionel J, Veeraraghavan B. Beta lactam resistance in MDR CC320 Serogroup 19 Streptococcus pneumoniae in India. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Varghese R, Borelli S, Bollino Doyle C, Hoffman V, Emery D, Talbert K, Butler T. EVALUATION OF HOWARD COUNTY’S JOURNEY TO BETTER HEALTH PROGRAM. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Arokiyaraj S, Varghese R, Ali Ahmed B, Duraipandiyan V, Al-Dhabi NA. Optimizing the fermentation conditions and enhanced production of keratinase from Bacillus cereus isolated from halophilic environment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:378-381. [PMID: 31485181 PMCID: PMC6717132 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinase degrading Bacillus cereus was isolated from the halophilic environment in Tamilnadu, India and keratinase production was optimized using wheat bran substrate. Of the screened bacterial isolates, four were found to have the ability to produce keratinolytic enzyme. The process parameters were optimized using one-variable-at-a-time approach and response surface methodology. Supplementation of 1% lactose supported more keratinase production (120 U/g). Among the selected nitrogen sources, addition of casein significantly enhanced maximum keratinase production (132.5 U/g). Among the ions, manganese chloride significantly enhanced keratinsase production (102.6 U/g), however addition of zinc sulphate and copper sulphate decreased keratinase production. The maximum keratinase production was obtained in the wheat bran medium containing 1% lactose, 0.5% manganese with 80% moisture (292 U/g). Statistics based contour plots were generated to explore the variations in the response surface and to find the relationship between the keratinase yield and the bioprocess conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Republic of Korea
| | - R Varghese
- Department of Biotechnology, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - B Ali Ahmed
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - V Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N A Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Keswani SM, Mishra MG, Karnik S, Dutta S, Mishra M, Panda S, Varghese R, Virkar T, Upendran V. Skin banking at a regional burns centre—The way forward. Burns 2018; 44:870-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Datta S, Tripathi L, Varghese R, Logan J, Gessler S, Chatterjee S, Bhaumik J, Menon U. Pivotal role of families in doctor-patient communication in oncology: a qualitative study of patients, their relatives and cancer clinicians. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 27430633 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.S. Datta
- Department of Palliative Care and Psycho-oncology; Tata Medical Center; Kolkata West Bengal India
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre; Institute for Women's Health; University College London; London UK
| | - L. Tripathi
- Department of Palliative Care and Psycho-oncology; Tata Medical Center; Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - R. Varghese
- School of Public Health; University of California; Berkeley CA USA
| | - J. Logan
- Clare College; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - S. Gessler
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre; Institute for Women's Health; University College London; London UK
| | - S. Chatterjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Tata Medical Center; Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - J. Bhaumik
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology; Tata Medical Center; Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - U. Menon
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre; Institute for Women's Health; University College London; London UK
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology; Tata Medical Center; Kolkata West Bengal India
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Mosti G, De Maeseneer M, Cavezzi A, Parsi K, Morrison N, Nelzen O, Rabe E, Partsch H, Caggiati A, Simka M, Obermayer A, Malouf M, Flour M, Maleti O, Perrin M, Reina L, Kalodiki E, Mannello F, Rerkasem K, Cornu-Thenard A, Chi YW, Soloviy M, Bottini O, Mendyk N, Tessari L, Varghese R, Etcheverry R, Pannier F, Lugli M, Carvallo Lantz AJ, Zamboni P, Zuolo M, Godoy MF, Godoy JM, Link DP, Junger M, Scuderi A. Society for Vascular Surgery and American Venous Forum Guidelines on the management of venous leg ulcers: the point of view of the International Union of Phlebology. INT ANGIOL 2015; 34:202-218. [PMID: 25896614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Mosti
- Department of Angiology, Barbantini Clinic, Lucca, Italy
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Varghese R, Itagaki S, Anyanwu AC, Trigo P, Fischer G, Adams DH. Predicting systolic anterior motion after mitral valve reconstruction: using intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography to identify those at greatest risk. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 45:132-7; discussion 137-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Eglinton T, Luck A, Bartholomeusz D, Varghese R, Lawrence M. Positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the initial staging of primary rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2010; 12:667-73. [PMID: 19486092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.01873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the role of (18)flourodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the initial staging of primary rectal adenocarcinoma. METHOD A total of 20 patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum were assessed with both PET/CT and conventional staging (CT chest/abdomen/pelvis, MRI rectum). Discordance with conventional imaging and incidental findings on PET were recorded and the patients presented to a colorectal cancer multidisciplinary team to assess management changes. Patients were followed up so that discordant or incidental findings could be verified by intra-operative examination, imaging or histology where possible. RESULTS Positron-emission tomography/computed tomography correctly identified the primary tumour in all 20 patients. Comparing PET/CT with conventional staging modalities, there were 11 discordant or incidental findings in nine patients (45%). This resulted in a potential change in stage in 30% (four patients downstaged and two upstaged). PET/CT suggested additional neoplastic pathology in three patients and excluded the same in two patients. The incidental neoplastic findings were of minor clinical significance and one was eventually deemed false positive. While PET/CT resulted in potential management changes in five patients (25%), no changes in surgical management occurred. When tumours were grouped according to conventional stage, PET/CT resulted in fewer changes in stage in stage I (0%), compared with stages II to IV (43%) (P = 0.08). CONCLUSION Positron-emission tomography/computed tomography provides additional information to conventional staging in primary rectal cancer. This information produced minor management changes in this study and did not effect surgical management. PET/CT may be most appropriately used selectively in more advanced stages and where indeterminate findings exist with conventional staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Eglinton
- FRACS, Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, Colorectal Unit, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Al Awaidy S, Bawikar S, Al Busaidy S, Baqiani S, Al Abedani I, Varghese R, Abdoan H, Al Abdoon H, Bhatnagar S, Al Hasini K, Mohan P, Shah S, Elamir E, Klena J, Ahmed S, Teleb N, Parashar U, Patel M. Considerations for Introduction of a Rotavirus Vaccine in Oman: Rotavirus Disease and Economic Burden. J Infect Dis 2009; 200 Suppl 1:S248-53. [DOI: 10.1086/605339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Varghese R, Al-Khaldi J, Asker H, Fadili AA, Al Ali J, Hassan FA. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin. Hepatogastroenterology 2009; 56:218-222. [PMID: 19453061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Peginterferon plus ribavirin is the treatment of choice for chronic hepatitis C (HCV). HCV genotype 4 is considered difficult to treat and data regarding the efficacy of antiviral therapy for this genotype are scanty. The aim of the study was to asses the efficacy and tolerability of fixed dose peginterferon alpha 2a plus ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 4. METHODOLOGY A prospective open label study was done on 30 middle eastern treatment naive chronic hepatitis C patients. They were treated with 180 mcg of peginterferon alpha 2a subcutaneous weekly plus oral ribavirin of 1200 mg daily if body weight > 75 kg. The treatment was continued for 48 weeks and patients were followed up for 24 weeks post-treatment. The early and sustained virological responses were were defined as the absence of HCV RNA from serum at 12 weeks and 72 weeks respectively. The data was analyzed on an intention to treat basis. RESULTS The early and sustained virological responses were 83.3% and 63.3% respectively. The EVR in patients with minimal or absent fibrosis (96.6%). The SVR in patients with BMI =/> 25 (81.8%) were not significantly different from those of patients with BMI < 25 (87.5%) even with the fixed dose peginterferon. CONCLUSION Peginterferon alpha 2a in combination with ribavirin is effective in the treatment of HCV genotype 4 and treatment response is intermediate between that of genotype 1 and genotype 2 or 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Varghese
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospital, Jabriya, Kuwait.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was quantitate diastolic dysfunction in the postoperative phase of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and to correlate it with the type of surgical procedure and clinical parameters. Fifty consecutive patients (mean age, 5.0 years; mean weight, 13.5 kg), operated for TOF during the period November 2004 to May 2005, were prospectively studied [infundibular resection, 23; infundibular resection and transannular patch (TAP), 19; right ventricle --> pulmonary artery conduit, 8). Detailed echocardiography was done on postoperative days 3 and 9 with a focus on Doppler indices of right ventricular (RV) function, Antegrade late diastolic flow in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) was taken as the marker of restrictive RV physiology. The previous parameters were correlated to the type of surgery and clinical indices of RV dysfunction. There was no mortality. Twenty-four patients showed restrictive RV physiology. This finding correlated with lower values of E/A ratio (0.98 +/- 0.17 vs 1.33 +/- 0.49, p < 0.002), tricuspid valve E-wave deceleration time (86.9 +/- 21.7 vs 151.4 +/- 152 msec, p < 0.05), index of myocardial performance (0.15 +/- 0.06 vs 0.26 +/- 0.09, p < 0.001), isovolumic relaxation time (19.4 +/- 17 vs 39+/-30 msec, p < 0.009), and a higher central venous pressure (15.1 +/- 1.5 vs 12.7 +/- 1.9, p < 0.001). Restrictive RV physiology correlated with prolonged intensive case unit (ICU) stay (5.1 +/- 3.7 vs 2.8 +/- 2 days, p < 0.015), longer duration of inotropic support (108.3 +/- 56.2 vs 55.5 +/- 28.3 hours, p < 0.02), and higher dosage of diuretics. RV diastolic dysfunction is demonstrable by Doppler echocardiography in the first week following surgery for TOF and tends to be worse with TAP. Restrictive physiology demonstrated by RVOT pulse Doppler predicts longer duration of inotropic support, prolonged ICU stay, and higher dosage of diuretics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Sachdev
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, 4A, Dr. JJ Nagar, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
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Anim JT, Kehinde EO, Prasad A, Varghese R. Morphological Responses of the Rabbit Testis to Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury due to Torsion. Urol Int 2005; 75:258-63. [PMID: 16215316 DOI: 10.1159/000087805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the morphological effects of free radical injury on spermatogenic cells in both testes of the rabbit experimental model of testicular torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The left testes of 8 peripubertal NZW rabbits (3-6 months) were subjected to 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min of ischemia by applying a clamp to the spermatic cord, followed by reperfusion. Another set of 8 rabbits was subjected to 60 min of ischemia and administered antioxidants (acetylsalicylic acid, ascorbic acid, allopurinol, quercetin, superoxide dismutase) before reperfusion. Both testes of 4 animals per group were harvested at 24 h and the remaining 4 at 3 months. Johnsen scores for spermatogenic activity and other changes were assessed histologically and these were compared with testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), a measure of free radical damage, assayed on testicular homogenates using the thiobarbiturate method. RESULTS In the 24-hour reperfusion group, apoptotic bodies and giant cells were more prominent in the seminiferous tubules of the left testes compared to the right, and were maximal after 90 min. In the 3-month reperfusion group, giant cells were absent, and apoptotic bodies were reduced in both testes. Testicular MDA showed an increase only in the left testes in the 24-hour reperfusion group, while the 3-month group showed increased MDA levels in both testes, but more on the left. The Johnsen score fell only to 8.0 in the left testes in the 24-hour reperfusion group, but dropped to 2.3 in the 3-month reperfusion group. Only in the 3-month reperfusion group, did antioxidant-treated animals show a fall in Johnsen scores in the left testes, regardless of the type of antioxidant. CONCLUSION These findings confirm a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in damage to spermatogenic cells in both the ipsilateral and contralateral testes following torsion, with longer term effects in the torted testis. Currently available antioxidants do not provide any significant long-term protection against morphological damage to the testis by ROS generated in testicular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Anim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
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Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine accounts for less than 1% of primary gastrointestinal malignancies (1). Small intestine contains 75% of the length of the gastrointestinal tract with 90% of the surface mucosal area, and yet carcinoma is rare. Symptoms of small bowel adenocarcinoma are vague and non-specific, and this region is relatively inaccessible which together contributes to their late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The authors report a case of two primary adenocarcinomas of the small intestine in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Varghese
- Department of General Surgery, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia.
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21
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Kehinde EO, Akanji AO, Mojiminiyi OA, Bashir AA, Daar AS, Varghese R. Putative role of serum insulin-like growth factor–1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in the development of prostate cancer in Arab men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2005; 8:84-90. [PMID: 15775992 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of clinical prostate cancer in the Arab population is among the lowest in the world. High serum IGF-1 level has been implicated as a possible risk factor for the development of prostate cancer in Caucasians. The purpose of this study was to determine serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in healthy Arab men and in Arab men with newly diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer, and to compare these values with values reported in Caucasians. PATIENTS AND METHODS Subjects were recruited in two groups: (a) indigenous, healthy Arab men aged 15-90 y (n = 383); (b) Arab men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (n = 30) or BPH (n = 40). Blood was obtained from fasting patients and volunteers, between 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon. The serum concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were determined using Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) kits. RESULTS As in Caucasians, serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels declined with age in Arab men. The mean +/- s.d. of serum IGF-1 levels in healthy Arab men in the age group 15-20, 51-60, 61-70 y were lower (376.2 +/- 153.2, 134.9 +/- 105.7 and 89.6 +/- 48.4 ng/ml, respectively), compared to values reported for similarly aged Caucasians. Arab men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer had significantly higher serum IGF-1 level (P < 0.01) and lower IGFBP-3 levels (P < 0.01) compared to age-matched Arabs without the disease. CONCLUSIONS Arab men have lower serum IGF-1 levels compared to Caucasians and this may be an important factor in the explanation of the low incidence of prostate cancer in the Arab population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Kehinde
- Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), Faculty of Medicine, PO Box 24923, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait.
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Roy C, Morris M, Arun R, Kumar S, Sumithran G, Varghese R, Coelho R. Extra cardiac Fontan: Our experience. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-004-0346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Roy C, Morris M, Rajalakshmi R, Kumar S, Sumithran G, Varghese R, Coelho R. Multiple VSDs: Primary closure Vs staged repair. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-004-0344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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24
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Kumar S, Morris M, Sumithran G, Roy C, Varghese R, Coelho R. Closure of ventricular septal defect below 6 months of age. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-004-0343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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McElroy PD, Rothenberg RB, Varghese R, Woodruff R, Minns GO, Muth SQ, Lambert LA, Ridzon R. A network-informed approach to investigating a tuberculosis outbreak: implications for enhancing contact investigations. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7:S486-93. [PMID: 14677842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate networks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, it may be appropriate to characterize the types of relationships among tuberculosis (TB) cases and their contacts (with and without latent TB infection) in addition to relying on traditional efforts to distinguish 'close' from 'casual' contacts. SETTING A TB outbreak in a US low incidence state. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether social network analysis can provide insights into transmission settings that might otherwise go unrecognized by routine practices. DESIGN All adult outbreak-associated cases (n = 19) and a convenience sample of their contacts with and without latent TB infection (LTBI) (n = 26) were re-interviewed in 2001 using a structured questionnaire. Network analysis software was used to create diagrams illustrating important persons within the outbreak network, as well as types of activities TB cases engaged in with their contacts. RESULTS Drug use and drug sharing were more commonly reported among cases and their infected contacts than among contacts without LTBI. TB cases central to the outbreak network used crack cocaine, uncovering the need to focus control efforts on specific sites and persons involved in illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Outbreaks occur even in areas with low TB incidence, frequently among groups whose drug use or other illegal activities complicate control efforts. TB programs should consider the use of network analysis as a supplement to routine contact investigations to identify unrecognized patterns of M. tuberculosis transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D McElroy
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Cherian SM, Varghese R, Sankar NM, Umesan CV, Barbero Marcial M, Cherian KM. De Vega's tricuspid annuloplasty for Ebstein's anomaly. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2003; 44:213-5. [PMID: 12813386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A case of Ebstein's anomaly as demonstrated by echocardiography and electrophysiological studies is discussed. In view of deterioration in tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular dysfunction, successful surgical repair employing De Vega's tricuspid annuloplasty along with plication of the atrialised portion of the right ventricle is described. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography following the procedure revealed satisfactory repair and a significant decrease in tricuspid regurgitation. This simple technique appears to be effective in patients having anterior leaflet sufficiently large area and motion. Adequate long-term follow-up in a large series of patients is essential to confirm that it is also beneficial and durable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cherian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Mogappair, India
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27
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Manoj P, Varghese R, Manoj VM, Aravindakumar CT. Reaction of Sulphate Radical Anion (SO4•-) with Cyanuric Acid: A Potential Reaction for Its Degradation? CHEM LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2002.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Varghese R, Shivaprakasha K, Mohanty SR, Hassan KA, Coelho R, Murthy KS, Cherian KM. Limited posterior thoracotomy for the correction of intra cardiac anomalies–current perspectives. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-001-0012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
We report a new technique of left coronary artery implantation to the aorta with interposition of a tube created from the great arterial wall for anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery. This technique was used in 3 patients, of which 2 patients survived. It achieves two coronary artery repair and avoids problems related to extensive mobilization of coronary artery for translocation. It is easily reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Murthy
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chennai, India.
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30
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Abstract
Stanniocalcin is a glycoprotein hormone that appears to play a paracine/autocrine role in several mammalian tissues. Recently studies have shown that stanniocalcin is highly expressed in the ovaries of mice and humans and we have investigated its expression in the mouse ovary during several physiological states to identify potential functional relationships. During postnatal development the pattern of stanniocalcin (STC) gene expression begins to become thecal-restricted as early as day 5 and achieves the adult pattern of expression by two weeks of age. During postnatal development the primary sites of STC protein localization are the theca and oocytes and after maturation it is also strongly concentrated in the corpora lutea. Over the estrous cycle the pattern of both STC gene expression and protein localization do not show dramatic changes though STC immunoreactivity (STCir) staining appears to be greatest during metestrus I. In the superovulation model, however, we observed a significant increase in STC messenger RNA (mRNA) levels after treatment with hCG implying regulation by LH. During gestation the expression of ovarian STC increases 15-fold and is localized to the theca-interstitial cells with lower expression also being found in the corpora lutea. STC also becomes detectable in the serum for the first time suggesting an endocrine role for STC during gestation. Interestingly, the presence of a nursing litter appears to up-regulate STC gene expression in lactating mice suggesting a role for ovarian STC in lactation. Also striking is the intense STCir staining found in oocytes as they are devoid of STC mRNA, thus implying a role for STC in oocyte maturation. Stanniocalcin, to our knowledge, is unique because no other secreted proteins produced by the ovarian thecal-interstitial compartment are significantly induced during mouse pregnancy. In summary, our data provide evidence for the active regulation of STC expression in the ovary during gestation and lactation and therefore implies that STC is a new regulator of the gestational and nursing state.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Deol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Abstract
Stanniocalcin (STC) is a glycoprotein hormone first discovered in fish and recently identified in humans and mice. In this report we have described the cloning of an STC-like cDNA, designated here as STC related protein (STCrP). Human STCrP (hSTCrP) cDNAs were isolated as expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and predicted a polypeptide of 302 amino acids, with 58%, homology to human STC (hSTC). Ten of the eleven 1/2 cysteine residues that in STC allow for dimerization of monomeric subunits were conserved in hSTCrP. By Northern analysis, three hSTCrP mRNAs were detected and were most abundant in pancreas, spleen and kidney as well as a variety of different transformed cell lines. The high degree of sequence homology suggests that STC and STCrP may have been derived from a common ancestral gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E DiMattia
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, The London Regional Cancer Centre, Canada.
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32
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Abstract
The recent discovery of mammalian stanniocalcin (STC) prompted an investigation of its gene structure and expression pattern to study its function and regulation. We show that both the human and mouse genes are composed of four exons spanning about 13 kb, with 85% nucleotide sequence identity in coding regions. Remarkably high sequence conservation between species also exists in the approximately 3-kb 3'-untranslated region. Comparative analysis of the 5'-untranslated region and flanking DNA from the rat and human STC genes showed long stretches of CAG trinucleotide repeats and an additional (CA)25 dinucleotide repeat unique to the rat promoter. An analysis of STC expression in the mouse showed that ovary contained the highest level of messenger RNA, with lower, but detectable, levels in most tissues. In situ hybridization revealed strong, specific hybridization over the thecal-interstitial cells of the ovarian stroma, whereas immunohistochemical analysis indicated that STC was present not only in the stroma, but also in the corpora lutea and oocyte of the developing follicle. Consequently, STC may act as a signaling molecule between the thecal-interstitial cell compartment and the corpus luteum and oocyte, thereby regulating the activity of these structures in some way. These findings suggest that in addition to its role in mineral metabolism, STC has acquired an important function in reproduction during its evolution to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Varghese
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, and London Regional Cancer Center, Canada
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Varghese R, Raghuveer CV, George P, Lobo FD. Vertebral haemangioma causing acute spinal cord compression--a report of two cases. J Indian Med Assoc 1998; 96:63-4. [PMID: 9715032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Varghese
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore
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Ramakrishna BS, Varghese R, Jayakumar S, Mathan M, Balasubramanian KA. Circulating antioxidants in ulcerative colitis and their relationship to disease severity and activity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997; 12:490-4. [PMID: 9257238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen free radicals produced by neutrophils are important in the pathogenesis of mucosal damage in ulcerative colitis. Vitamin A, vitamin E and cysteine in the plasma can scavenge free radicals. In the present study, plasma levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, cysteine, cystine and protein-bound cysteine were measured in active ulcerative colitis before and immediately after treatment of the active disease, and correlated with disease severity, extent and activity. Plasma vitamin A and cysteine were significantly reduced in active ulcerative colitis compared with controls. Levels of vitamin E, cystine and protein-bound cysteine were not significantly altered in active ulcerative colitis. Vitamin A and cysteine concentrations returned to normal levels (P < 0.05) within 2 weeks of treating active colitis. There were significant negative correlations between clinical severity and the plasma concentrations of vitamin A and cysteine. Plasma cysteine levels also correlated inversely to disease extent. Depletion of the circulating antioxidants, vitamin A and cysteine, in active ulcerative colitis is likely to be important in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Ramakrishna
- Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
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35
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Varghese R, Raghuveer CV. Oculocutaneous malignancies in xeroderma pigmentosum. Indian J Cancer 1997; 34:12-5. [PMID: 9491656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by markedly increased sensitivity to sunlight, and the early development of skin tumours. Four cases of XP with malignancy have been described with a brief review of the literature. The cases have been documented with a view to study the evolution of the disease process and the development of malignancy during the follow up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Varghese
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Filariasis is a major public health problem in tropical countries, including India. Despite this high incidence, it is unusual to find microfilariae in fine needle aspiration cytology. (FNAC) smears and body fluids. Six cases of filariasis diagnosed by FNAC are reported. CASES In case 1, a thyroid aspirate from a 23-year-old female showed a microfilaria with colloid and thyroid follicular cells. In case 2, pericardial fluid from a 50-year-old male with breathlessness and chest pain showed clusters of malignant cells and many microfilariae. In case 3, a bronchial aspirate from a 55-year-old male with fever and chest pain showed aggregates of acute inflammatory cells and a microfilaria. Cases 4 and 5 were lymph node aspirates from a 29-year-old male and 3-year-old female. Both smears showed microfilariae in a background of reactive lymphoid cells. In case 6, FNAC from a 21-year-old female with a cystic swelling in the breast showed clusters of microfilariae, lymphocytes and granular debris. CONCLUSION In three of the six cases microfilariae were the cause of symptoms, whereas in the other three cases, microfilariae were associated with other diseases, including malignancy. Thus, careful screening of FNAC smears might be helpful in detecting microfilariae, even in asymptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Varghese
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Zachariah B, Zachariah SB, Varghese R, Balducci L. Carcinomatous meningitis: clinical manifestations and management. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 33:7-12. [PMID: 7711996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinomatous meningitis (CM) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. During the past 15 years, diffuse leptomeningeal metastases of extracranial malignant tumors have been increasingly reported [Wasserstrom et al. 1982, Theodore and Gendelman 1981, Little et al. 1974, Olson et al. 1974, Yaphey et al. 1978, Sorensen et al. 1984], CM is increasing in frequency because of improved survival of patients with systemic anti neoplastic therapies and increased awareness of this problem among physicians. In this review, we will be discussing the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of carcinomatous meningitis, as well as the status of recent basic and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zachariah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
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Abstract
Divalproex sodium (DVS; Depakote) is a commonly used antiepileptic agent that increases the levels of gamma aminobutyric acid. Spasticity from different causes may be due to a deficiency of inhibitory transmitters like gamma aminobutyric acid or an excess of excitatory neurotransmitters. Spasticity also may be accompanied by pain. The authors administered DVS orally for pain and spasticity in three patients with a history of spinal cord injury and one patient with a history of head injury. Three patients had marked improvement in spasticity and pain. One patient, who had some symptomatic improvement in spasticity, could not tolerate DVS because of gastric irritation. In contrast to the side effects of sedation and increased motor weakness associated with antispasticity drugs commonly used, no such side effects were detected with DVS. It is suggested that a possible enhancement by DVS of gamma aminobutyric acid-ergic postsynaptic inhibition of motor reflex arc in the spinal cord may represent a new nonsedating, management approach for spasticity as a result of traumatic spinal cord and head injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Zachariah
- Neurology Service (127), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, FL 33504
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Abstract
In this study children's emotional associations with colors were investigated. Sixty children (30 girls, 30 boys), equally divided into groups of 5-year-olds and 6 1/2-year-olds, were asked their favorite color and were then shown nine different colors, one at a time and in a random order. For each color, children were asked, "How does (the color) make you feel?" All children were able to verbally express an emotional response to each color, and 69% of children's emotional responses were positive (e.g., happiness, excitement). Responses also demonstrated distinct color-emotion associations. Children had positive reactions to bright colors (e.g., pink, blue, red) and negative emotions for dark colors (e.g., brown, black, gray). Children's emotional reactions to bright colors became increasingly positive with age, and girls in particular showed a preference for brighter colors and a dislike for darker colors. Boys were more likely than girls were to have positive emotional associations with dark colors. Potential sources for children's color-emotion concepts, such as gender-related and idiosyncratic experiences, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Boyatzis
- Department of Child Development, California State University, Fullerton 92634-9480
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Abstract
"Visceral larva migrans" syndrome is a zoonotic disease caused by the migration or presence in human tissue of nematode larva from lower-order animals. This syndrome includes generalized illness, eosinophilia, and symptoms arising from larval invasions of different organs including the liver, lungs, eyes, and central nervous system. There has been only one case report of the computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of cerebral toxocaral disease. Described here is a patient with cerebral toxocaral disease with a high eosinophil count and toxocaral titer in the serum and abnormal CT and MRI findings who had spontaneous recovery of the clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Zachariah
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
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Unnikrishnan SS, Abhayambika K, Varghese R, Legori M. Clinical presentation of AIDS--a Kerala experience. J Assoc Physicians India 1993; 41:38-40. [PMID: 8340328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Cycles of stress and anxiety in middle age may have a developmental etiology, and may be a necessary part of the developmental process in this phase of life. Middle age often is punctuated by recurrent episodes of stress which do not appear to have a basis in any specific event. These cycles of stress instead are a function of psychological development in mid-life, with stress resulting from the need to integrate newly differentiated aspects of experience which cannot be integrated with an existing cognitive system of beliefs and values. Reintegration of the cognitive structure to accommodate these new elements reduces the stress, leaving the adult changed with respect to certain beliefs about self or world. These reintegrations are facilitated by an internal locus of control and an articulate self-other differentiation, both of which are important for a positive response to stress in middle age.
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Abstract
Seven patients with Bacteroides fragilis infections were treated with intravenous and/or oral metronidazole. Infections treated included endocarditis, osteomyelitis, lung abscess, empyema, peritonitis, septicemia, and pelvic infection. Some patients had failed to respond to therapy with chloramphenicol or clindamycin or both. Metronidazole was used alone or in combination with aminoglycosides. Serum levels of metronidazole several times in excess of the minimal inhibitory concentrations for the organisms were easily achieved and in one patient the CSF metronidazole level was equal to that of the serum. Response to therapy with metronidazole was considered to be excellent. The only serious side effect noted was hypotension, which occurred in the last patient. Therapy was discontinued, and therefore therapeutic results could not be evaluated. Metronidazole appears to be a safe and effective agent in the treatment of B fragilis infections.
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Abstract
Fourteen cases of splenic abscess are reported and 159 cases previously cited in the literature are reviewed. The incidence, predisposing factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, bacteriology and radiologic findings are discussed. Infective endocarditis was the most common single antecedent infection. Hemoglobinopathies, non-penetrating abdominal trauma, and gastrointestinal malignancy appear to predispose the spleen to abscess formation. Emphasis is placed on clinical features and radiologic findings to aid practitioners in diagnosing this uncommon but often fatal infection. Also emphasized is the necessity for prompt surgical intervention when splenic abscess is suspected. An approach to the antimicrobial therapy in different clinical settings is outlined.
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Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae produced an erysipelas-like eruption in a patient with the nephrotic syndrome. The eruption and accompanying fever resolved upon treatment with aqueous penicillin.
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Varghese R, Melo JC, Barnwell P, Chun CH, Raff MJ. Endocarditis due to Hemophilus aphrophilus: report of a case with possible transmission from dog to man. Chest 1977; 72:680-2. [PMID: 913161 DOI: 10.1378/chest.72.5.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 44-year-old man was treated for bacterial endocarditis due to Hemophilus aphrophilus. The characteristics of the organism are reviewed, along with other cases of endocarditis. There is an association of this organism with dogs and a potential for transmission from this source to man.
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