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Feitosa NM, da Costa Rodrigues B, Petry AC, Nocchi KJCV, de Moraes Brindeiro R, Zilberberg C, Monteiro-de-Barros C, Mury FB, de Souza-Menezes J, Nepomuceno-Silva JL, da Silva ML, de Medeiros MJ, de Souza Gestinari R, da Silva de Alvarenga A, Pozzobon APB, Silva CAO, das Graças Dos Santos D, Silvestre DH, de Sousa GF, de Almeida JF, da Silva JN, Brandão LM, de Oliveira Drummond L, Neto LRG, de Mello Carpes R, Dos Santos RC, Portal TM, Tanuri A, Nunes-da-Fonseca R. Molecular testing and analysis of disease spreading during the emergence of COVID-19 in Macaé, the Brazilian National Capital of Oil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20121. [PMID: 34635707 PMCID: PMC8505656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian strategy to overcome the spread of COVID-19 has been particularly criticized due to the lack of a national coordinating effort and an appropriate testing program. Here, a successful approach to control the spread of COVID-19 transmission is described by the engagement of public (university and governance) and private sectors (hospitals and oil companies) in Macaé, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a city known as the National Oil Capital. In 2020 between the 17th and 38th epidemiological week, over two percent of the 206,728 citizens were subjected to symptom analysis and RT-qPCR testing by the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, with positive individuals being notified up to 48 h after swab collection. Geocodification and spatial cluster analysis were used to limit COVID-19 spreading in Macaé. Within the first semester after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Brazil, Macaé recorded 1.8% of fatalities associated with COVID-19 up to the 38th epidemiological week, which was at least five times lower than the state capital (10.6%). Overall, considering the successful experience of this joint effort of private and public engagement in Macaé, our data suggest that the development of a similar strategy countrywise could have contributed to a better control of the COVID-19 spread in Brazil. Quarantine decree by the local administration, comprehensive molecular testing coupled to scientific analysis of COVID-19 spreading, prevented the catastrophic consequences of the pandemic as seen in other populous cities within the state of Rio de Janeiro and elsewhere in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Martins Feitosa
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Bruno da Costa Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Petry
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Keity Jaqueline Chagas Vilela Nocchi
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Moraes Brindeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Carla Zilberberg
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Cintia Monteiro-de-Barros
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Flavia Borges Mury
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Jackson de Souza-Menezes
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - José Luciano Nepomuceno-Silva
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Manuela Leal da Silva
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Marcio José de Medeiros
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Souza Gestinari
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da Silva de Alvarenga
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Allan Pierre Bonetti Pozzobon
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Carina Azevedo Oliveira Silva
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Daniele das Graças Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Diego Henrique Silvestre
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Graziele Fonseca de Sousa
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Janimayri Forastieri de Almeida
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Jhenifer Nascimento da Silva
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Layza Mendes Brandão
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Drummond
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Lupis Ribeiro Gomes Neto
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Raphael de Mello Carpes
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Renata Coutinho Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Taynan Motta Portal
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Nunes-da-Fonseca
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, 27965-550, Brazil.
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Prata-Barbosa A, Cleto-Yamane TL, Robaina JR, Guastavino AB, de Magalhães-Barbosa MC, Brindeiro RDM, Medronho RA, da Cunha AJLA. Co-infection with Zika and Chikungunya viruses associated with fetal death-A case report. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 72:25-27. [PMID: 29738826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of fetal death associated with a recent infection by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in a Brazilian pregnant woman (positive RT-PCR in blood and placenta). Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy was also identified, based on a positive RT-PCR in a fetal kidney specimen. The maternal infection caused by the ZIKV was asymptomatic and the CHIKV infection had a classical clinical presentation. The fetus had no apparent anomalies, but her weight was between the 3rd and 10th percentile for the gestational age. This is the second case report of congenital arboviral co-infection and the first followed by antepartum fetal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa
- D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Lira Cleto-Yamane
- D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio José Ledo Alves da Cunha
- D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Medeiros SDO, Abreu CM, Delvecchio R, Ribeiro AP, Vasconcelos Z, Brindeiro RDM, Tanuri A. Follow-up on long-term antiretroviral therapy for cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 18:264-72. [PMID: 25855689 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15580144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that induces AIDS-like disease in cats. Some of the antiretroviral drugs available to treat patients with HIV type 1 are used to treat FIV-infected cats; however, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not used in cats as a long-term treatment. In this study, the effects of long-term ART were evaluated in domestic cats treated initially with the nucleoside transcriptase reverse inhibitor (NTRI) zidovudine (AZT) over a period ranging from 5-6 years, followed by a regimen of the NTRI lamivudine (3TC) plus AZT over 3 years. METHODS Viral load, sequencing of pol (reverse transcriptase [RT]) region and CD4:CD8 lymphocyte ratio were evaluated during and after treatment. Untreated cats were evaluated as a control group. RESULTS CD4:CD8 ratios were lower, and uncharacterized resistance mutations were found in the RT region in the group of treated cats. A slight increase in viral load was observed in some cats after discontinuing treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The data strongly suggest that treated cats were resistant to therapy, and uncharacterized resistance mutations in the RT gene of FIV were selected for by AZT. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of long-term antiretroviral therapy in cats. To date, resistance mutations have not been described in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila de Oliveira Medeiros
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celina Monteiro Abreu
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Delvecchio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo de Moraes Brindeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abreu CM, Brindeiro PA, Martins AN, Arruda MB, Bule E, Stakteas S, Tanuri A, de Moraes Brindeiro R. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates circulating in pregnant women from Mozambique. Arch Virol 2008; 153:2013-7. [PMID: 18839058 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated HIV-1 subtypes from different geographic regions and phenotypic data from drug-naïve HIV-positive pregnant women from Mozambique. We analyzed 75 pol sequences from patients and the distribution of the subtypes in three regions of Mozambique and found that the majority of samples analyzed clustered with subtype C. In the northern region, multiple variants were found 5 (approximately 18%) subtype A, 3 (approximately 11%) subtype D and 2 (approximately 7.1%) mosaics (A/C/D and C/D), whereas 18 (64.3%) isolates were subtype C, from a total of 28 samples. Already in the southern region, only one (5%) isolate of 20 samples was subtype D, and the other 19 (95%) isolates were subtype C. All 27 (100%) isolates from the central region grouped within clade C. No primary resistance mutations to IP, NNRTI or NRTI were found. There was no evidence of phenotypic resistance in any of the isolates tested, suggesting that neither the polymorphism in the protease, nor the one found at codon 215 of the RT gene caused an increase in phenotypic resistance. This finding suggests that HAART regimens indicated by WHO will probably be successful in Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Monteiro Abreu
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratorio de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21944-970, RJ, Brazil
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Sanches M, Martins NH, Calazans A, Brindeiro RDM, Tanuri A, Antunes OAC, Polikarpov I. Crystallization of a non-B and a B mutant HIV protease. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:1625-7. [PMID: 15333937 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904015276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
HIV polymorphism is responsible for the selection of variant viruses resistant to inhibitors used in AIDS treatment. Knowledge of the mechanism of resistance of those viruses is determinant to the development of new inhibitors able to stop, or at least slow down, the disease's progress caused by new mutations. In this paper, the crystallization and preliminary crystallographic structure solution for two multi-resistant 99 amino acid HIV proteases, both isolated from Brazilian patients failing intensive anti-AIDS therapy are presented, viz. the subtype B mutant, with mutations Q7K, S37N, R41K, K45R, I54V, L63P, A71V, V82A and L90M, and the subtype F (wild type), naturally carrying mutations Q7K, I15V, E35D, M36I, S37N, R41K, R57K, D60E, Q61N, I62V, L63S, I64L and L89M, with respect to the B consensus sequence. Both proteins crystallized as a complex with the inhibitor TL-3 in space group P6(1)22. X-ray diffraction data were collected from these crystals to resolutions of 2.1 and 2.6 A for the subtype B mutant and subtype F wild type, respectively, and the enzyme structures were solved by molecular replacement. The crystals of subtype F HIV protease are, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first protein crystals obtained for a non-B HIV protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sanches
- Crystallography Group, Physics Department, USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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