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Royan MR, Hodne K, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Weltzien FA, Henkel C, Fontaine R. Day length regulates gonadotrope proliferation and reproduction via an intra-pituitary pathway in the model vertebrate Oryzias latipes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:388. [PMID: 38553567 PMCID: PMC10980775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In seasonally breeding mammals and birds, the production of the hormones that regulate reproduction (gonadotropins) is controlled by a complex pituitary-brain-pituitary pathway. Indeed, the pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) regulates gonadotropin expression in pituitary gonadotropes, via dio2-expressing tanycytes, hypothalamic Kisspeptin, RFamide-related peptide, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. However, in fish, how seasonal environmental signals influence gonadotropins remains unclear. In addition, the seasonal regulation of gonadotrope (gonadotropin-producing cell) proliferation in the pituitary is, to the best of our knowledge, not elucidated in any vertebrate group. Here, we show that in the vertebrate model Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a long day seasonally breeding fish, photoperiod (daylength) not only regulates hormone production by the gonadotropes but also their proliferation. We also reveal an intra-pituitary pathway that regulates gonadotrope cell number and hormone production. In this pathway, Tsh regulates gonadotropes via folliculostellate cells within the pituitary. This study suggests the existence of an alternative regulatory mechanism of seasonal gonadotropin production in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christiaan Henkel
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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Rossignol J, Bélanger G, Gaudreault D, Therrien AC, Bérubé-Lauziére Y, Fontaine R. Time-of-flight scatter rejection in x-ray radiography. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055027. [PMID: 38232398 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad1f85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Time-of-flight (TOF) scatter rejection allows for identifying and discarding scattered photons without the use of an anti-scatter grid (ASG). Although TOF scatter rejection was initially presented for cone-beam computed tomography, we propose, herein, to extend this approach to x-ray radiography. This work aims to evaluate with simulations if TOF scatter rejection can outperform ASGs for radiography.Approach.GATE was used to simulate the radiography of a head and a torso and a water cylinder with bone inserts in a system with total timing jitters from 0 ps up to 500 ps full-width-at-half-maximum. The transmission factor of TOF scatter rejection for primary and scattered photons was evaluated as if it were a virtual ASG.Main results.With a total timing jitter of 50 ps, TOF scatter rejection can reach a selectivity of 4.93 with a primary photons transmission of 99%. Reducing the timing jitter close to 0 ps increases the selectivity up to 15.85 for a head and torso radiography, outperforming typical ASGs which usually have a selectivity from 2.5 to 10 with a primary photons transmission from 50% to 70%.Significance.This suggests that TOF scatter rejection may be suitable to replace ASGs in applications requiring lower radiation exposure if sufficiently low timing jitter is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rossignol
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Département de Génie Électrique et Génie Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - G Bélanger
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Département de Génie Électrique et Génie Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - D Gaudreault
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Département de Génie Électrique et Génie Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - A C Therrien
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Département de Génie Électrique et Génie Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Y Bérubé-Lauziére
- Département de Génie Électrique et Génie Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - R Fontaine
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Département de Génie Électrique et Génie Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Closs LE, Royan MR, Sayyari A, Mayer I, Weltzien FA, Baker DM, Fontaine R. Artificial light at night disrupts male dominance relationships and reproductive success in a model fish species. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:166406. [PMID: 37597540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental light is perceived and anticipated by organisms to synchronize their biological cycles. Therefore, artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts both diurnal and seasonal biological rhythms. Reproduction is a complex physiological process involving integration of environmental signals by the brain, and release of endocrine signals by the pituitary that regulate gametogenesis and spawning. In addition, males from many species form a dominance hierarchy that, through a combination of aggressive and protective behavior, influences their reproductive success. In this study, we investigated the effect of ALAN and continuous daylight on the behavior and fitness of male fish within a dominance hierarchy using a model fish, the Japanese medaka. In normal light/dark cycles, male medaka establish a hierarchy with the dominant males being more aggressive and remaining closer to the female thus limiting the access of subordinate males to females during spawning. However, determination of the paternity of the progeny revealed that even though subordinate males spend less time with the females, they are, in normal light conditions, equally successful at producing progeny due to an efficient sneaking behavior. Continuous daylight completely inhibited the establishment of male hierarchy, whereas ALAN did not affect it. Nonetheless, when exposed to ALAN, subordinate males fertilize far fewer eggs. Furthermore, we found that when exposed to ALAN, subordinate males produced lower quality sperm than dominant males. Surprisingly, we found no differences in circulating sex steroid levels, pituitary gonadotropin levels, or gonadosomatic index between dominant and subordinate males, neither in control nor ALAN condition. This study is the first to report an effect of ALAN on sperm quality leading to a modification of male fertilization success in any vertebrate. While this work was performed in a model fish species, our results suggest that in urban areas ALAN may impact the genetic diversity of species displaying dominance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Closs
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Amin Sayyari
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Ian Mayer
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Dianne M Baker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, United States.
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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Royan MR, Kayo D, Weltzien FA, Fontaine R. Sexually Dimorphic Regulation of Gonadotrope Cell Hyperplasia in Medaka Pituitary via Mitosis and Transdifferentiation. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7040530. [PMID: 36791137 PMCID: PMC9994597 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The 2 pituitary gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), regulate the reproductive function in all vertebrates. While many studies have investigated the regulation of gonadotropin production and release by sex steroid feedback, its role on the regulation of gonadotrope cell number remains unclear. Using medaka as a model and an optimized protocol to restore physiological sex steroids levels following gonadectomy, we show that gonadal sex steroids not only decrease fshb transcript levels, but also Fsh cell number in both sexes. We then investigated the origin of Fsh cell hyperplasia induced by gonadectomy. In both sexes, bromodeoxyuridine incubation shows that this is achieved via Fsh cell mitosis. In situ hybridization reveals that new Fsh cells also originate from transdifferentiating Tsh cells in females, but not in males. Both phenomena are inhibited by sex steroid supplementation via feeding. In males (but not females), gonadectomy (without recovery with sex steroid supplementation) also reduces sox2 transcript levels and Sox2-immunopositive population size, suggesting that Sox2 progenitors may be recruited to produce new Fsh cells. Opposite to Fsh cells, gonadectomy decreases lhb levels in both sexes, and levels are not restored by sex steroid supplementation. In addition, the regulation of Lh cell number also seems to be sex dependent. Removal of gonadal sex steroids stimulates Lh cell mitosis in male (like Fsh cells) but not in females. To conclude, our study provides the first evidence on sexually dimorphic mechanisms used in the fish pituitary to remodel gonadotrope populations in response to sex steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Daichi Kayo
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Correspondence: Romain Fontaine, PhD, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Oluf Thesens Vei 22, 1432 Ås, Norway.
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5
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Ager-Wick E, Maugars G, von Krogh K, Fontaine R, Weltzien FA, Henkel C. An RNA-seq time series of the medaka pituitary gland during sexual maturation. Sci Data 2023; 10:62. [PMID: 36720883 PMCID: PMC9889309 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-01967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Directing both organismal homeostasis and physiological adaptation, the pituitary is a key endocrine gland in all vertebrates. One of its major tasks is to coordinate sexual maturation through the production and release of hormones stimulating gonad development. In order to study its developmental dynamics in the model fish medaka (Oryzias latipes), we sampled both the pituitary and the ovaries of 68 female fish. Of these, 55 spanned the entire course of sexual maturation from prepubertal juveniles to spawning adults. An additional 13 showed either considerably faster or slower growth and development than the majority of fish. We used histological examination of the ovaries to determine a histological maturation stage, and analyzed the pituitary glands using RNA-seq optimized for low input. Taken together, these data reveal the timing of hormone production priorities, and form a comprehensive resource for the study of their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirill Ager-Wick
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gersende Maugars
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway ,grid.9916.70000 0001 2173 1046Present Address: Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Université Le Havre Normandie, Le Havre, France
| | - Kristine von Krogh
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christiaan Henkel
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XPhysiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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6
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Rahmad Royan M, Siddique K, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Weltzien FA, Henkel C, Fontaine R. Functional and developmental heterogeneity of pituitary lactotropes in medaka. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 330:114144. [PMID: 36270338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In fish, prolactin-producing cells (lactotropes) are located in the anterior part of the pituitary and play an essential role in osmoregulation. However, small satellite lactotrope clusters have been described in other parts of the pituitary in several species. The functional and developmental backgrounds of these satellite clusters are not known. We recently discovered two distinct prolactin-expressing cell types in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a euryhaline species, using single cell transcriptomics. In the present study, we characterize these two transcriptomically distinct lactotrope cell types and explore the hypothesis that they represent spatially distinct cell clusters, as found in other species. Single cell RNA sequencing shows that one of the two lactotrope cell types exhibits an expression profile similar to that of stem cell-like folliculo-stellate cell populations. Using in situ hybridization, we show that the medaka pituitary often develops additional small satellite lactotrope cell clusters, like in other teleost species. These satellite clusters arise early during development and grow in cell number throughout life regardless of the animal's sex. Surprisingly, our data do not show a correspondence between the stem cell-like lactotropes and these satellite lactotrope clusters. Instead, our data support a scenario in which the stem cell-like lactotropes are an intrinsic stage in the development of every spatially distinct lactotrope cluster. In addition, lactotrope activity in both spatially distinct lactotrope clusters decreases when environmental salinity increases, supporting their role in osmoregulation. However, this decrease appears weaker in the satellite lactotrope cell clusters, suggesting that these lactotropes are regulated differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Khadeeja Siddique
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christiaan Henkel
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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7
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Vindas MA, Midttun HLE, Nadler LE, Fontaine R, Weltzien F, Øverli Ø, Johansen IB. Brain‐infecting parasites leave lasting effects on behaviour even in resistant hosts. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Vindas
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | | | - Lauren E. Nadler
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences
- School of Ocean and Earth Science University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Finn‐Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Øyvind Øverli
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences
- Ethology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Ida B. Johansen
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences
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8
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Goffin P, Forthomme B, Lecoq JP, Benmouna K, Kaux JF, Fontaine R. Evaluation of intensive rehabilitation under continuous suprascapular nerve blockade for the treatment of refractory adhesive shoulder capsulitis. Case series. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2022; 69:625-631. [PMID: 36344404 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of refractory adhesive shoulder capsulitis is a challenge. This observational retrospective study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of intensive physiotherapy protocol under a continuous peripheral blockade of the suprascapular nerve (cSSNB). METHOD We reviewed 29 medical records of patients suffering from adhesive capsulitis and treated with intensive physiotherapy under cSSNB during 10 days. The "disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand" outcome questionnaire (DASH score) and shoulder movements were recorded at the beginning, 10 days after local anesthetic infusion and three months after. RESULTS Twenty six patients significant improved shoulder movements after 10 days of treatment. Sixteen patients were followed completely until 3 months after rehabilitation program. Range of four shoulder motion compatible with a normal daily life was acquired in nine patients at three months. There is no significant difference in shoulder motion between the end of LA infusion and at three months. At the end of infusion, DASH score is significantly decreased to 59.3 (n = 26), and persists three months 42.1 (n = 16). At three months, 33% of the initial population objectively reach the 4 goals, compatible with a correct quality of life. CONCLUSION Rehabilitation under cSSNB is associated with a significant long term improvement in shoulder motion and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Randomized controlled trials will be necessary to demonstrate our encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Goffin
- Anesthesia & Intensive Care Department, MontLegia Hospital, Groupe Santé CHC, Liège, Belgium.
| | - B Forthomme
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J P Lecoq
- Anesthesia & Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - K Benmouna
- Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J F Kaux
- Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - R Fontaine
- Anesthesia & Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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9
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Closs L, Sayyari A, Fontaine R. Sperm Collection and Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis in the Teleost Model Japanese Medaka (<em>Oryzias latipes</em>). J Vis Exp 2022. [DOI: 10.3791/64326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fontaine R, Rahmad Royan M, Henkel C, Hodne K, Ager-Wick E, Weltzien FA. Pituitary multi-hormone cells in mammals and fish: history, origin, and roles. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 67:101018. [PMID: 35870647 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate pituitary is a dynamic organ, capable of adapting its hormone secretion to different physiological demands. In this context, endocrinologists have debated for the past 40 years if endocrine cells are mono- or multi-hormonal. Since its establishment, the dominant "one cell, one hormone" model has been continuously challenged. In mammals, the use of advanced multi-staining approaches, sensitive gene expression techniques, and the analysis of tumor tissues have helped to quickly demonstrate the existence of pituitary multi-hormone cells. In fishes however, only recent advances in imaging and transcriptomics have enabled the identification of such cells. In this review, we first describe the history of the discovery of cells producing multiple hormones in mammals and fishes. We discuss the technical limitations that have led to uncertainties and debates. Then, we present the current knowledge and hypotheses regarding their origin and biological role, which provides a comprehensive review of pituitary plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christiaan Henkel
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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11
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Brown MJ, Patel P, Nash E, Dikid T, Blanton C, Forsyth JE, Fontaine R, Sharma P, Keith J, Babu B, Vaisakh TP, Azarudeen MJ, Riram B, Shrivastava A. Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels and risk factors among children living in Patna, Bihar, India 2020. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000743. [PMID: 36962532 PMCID: PMC10021519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Childhood lead exposure remains a key health concern for officials worldwide, contributing some 600,000 new cases of intellectually disabled children annually. Most children affected by high exposure to lead live in low- and middle-income countries. The leaded gasoline phase out in India was completed in 2000. Yet, in 2020, an estimated 275 million children aged 0 to 9 years had blood lead levels (BLLs) ≥ 5 μg/dL known to adversely affect intelligence and behavior. Lead sources reported in India include spices, cookware, paint, traditional medicines and cosmetics, and lead-acid battery recycling and repair. However, their relative contribution has not been characterized. More than 200 lead pollution sites related to battery recycling and repair activities were identified in Bihar and Jharkhand, India. Ninety percent of the recycling sites had soil lead concentrations exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency's standards. We compared blood and environmental lead levels in two groups of children in Patna, Bihar. Households in proximity to battery recycling operations (Proximal n = 67) versus households distal to these operations (Distal n = 68). The average age of children was 40 months; 46% were female. Overall, the geometric mean (GM) BLL was 11.6 μg/dL. GM BLLs of children in Proximal and Distal households were not significantly different (10.2 μg/dL vs. 13.1 μg/dL respectively; p≤0.07). About 87% children, 56 Proximal and 62 Distal had BLLs ≥5 μg/dl. Lead concentrations in environmental samples were significantly higher in Proximal households (soil mean 9.8 vs. 1.6 μg/ft2; dust mean 52.9 vs. 29.9 μg/ft2 p<0.001; Proximal vs. Distal respectively) whereas concentrations in all spices were higher in Distal households (mean 46.8 vs 134.5 ppm p<0.001; Proximal vs. Distal respectively), and turmeric (mean 59.4 vs. 216.9 ppm Proximal vs. Distal respectively). In multivariate analyses for all children lead in spices and turmeric and number of rooms in the house were significant while for the Proximal group only lead in spices remained in the model. The predictive value of these models was poor. For the Distal group, a model with lead concentration in spices, turmeric and soil and number of rooms in the house was a much better fit. Of the 34 water samples collected, 7 were above the Indian standard of 10 ppb for lead in drinking water (2 in the Proximal area, 5 in the Distal area). Children in Patna, Bihar, India are exposed to multiple sources of lead, with lead levels in house dust and loose, locally sourced spices the most likely to increase blood lead levels. A holistic approach to blood lead testing and source identification and remediation are necessary to prevent lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Brown
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - P Patel
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - E Nash
- Pure Earth, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - T Dikid
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - C Blanton
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J E Forsyth
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - R Fontaine
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - P Sharma
- Pure Earth, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - J Keith
- Pure Earth, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - B Babu
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - T P Vaisakh
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - M J Azarudeen
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - B Riram
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - A Shrivastava
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
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12
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Royan MR, Siddique K, Csucs G, Puchades MA, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Bjaalie JG, Henkel CV, Weltzien FA, Fontaine R. 3D Atlas of the Pituitary Gland of the Model Fish Medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:719843. [PMID: 34497587 PMCID: PMC8419251 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.719843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, the anterior pituitary plays a crucial role in regulating several essential physiological processes via the secretion of at least seven peptide hormones by different endocrine cell types. Comparative and comprehensive knowledge of the spatial distribution of those endocrine cell types is required to better understand their physiological functions. Using medaka as a model and several combinations of multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization, we present the first 3D atlas revealing the gland-wide distribution of seven endocrine cell populations: lactotropes, thyrotropes, Lh and Fsh gonadotropes, somatotropes, and pomca-expressing cells (corticotropes and melanotropes) in the anterior pituitary of a teleost fish. By combining in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence techniques, we deciphered the location of corticotropes and melanotropes within the pomca-expressing cell population. The 3D localization approach reveals sexual dimorphism of tshba-, pomca-, and lhb-expressing cells in the adult medaka pituitary. Finally, we show the existence of bi-hormonal cells co-expressing lhb-fshb, fshb-tshba and lhb-sl using single-cell transcriptomics analysis and in situ hybridization. This study offers a solid basis for future comparative studies of the teleost pituitary and its functional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Khadeeja Siddique
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gergely Csucs
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maja A. Puchades
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jan G. Bjaalie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christiaan V. Henkel
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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13
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Sanfilippo J, Fontaine R, Brichant JF. [Treatment of post-total knee replacement gonalgy by radiofrequency ablation of the genicular nerves]. Rev Med Liege 2021; 76:598-600. [PMID: 34357711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurotomy of genicular nerves by radiofrequency is a technique efficient to reduce mecanic knee pain and pain after total knee replacement. In this article, we describe the case of a patient that has suffered from chronic knee pain after total knee replacement. The patient has successfully benefited of a neurotomy of genicular nerves by radiofrequency in the inferior right limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sanfilippo
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, ULiège, CHU Liège, Belgique
| | - R Fontaine
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, ULiège, CHU Liège, Belgique
| | - J F Brichant
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, ULiège, CHU Liège, Belgique
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14
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Grønlien HK, Fontaine R, Hodne K, Tysseng I, Ager-Wick E, Weltzien FA, Haug TM. Long extensions with varicosity-like structures in gonadotrope Lh cells facilitate clustering in medaka pituitary culture. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245462. [PMID: 33507913 PMCID: PMC7842944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that some pituitary cell types are organized in complex networks in both mammals and fish. In this study, we have further investigated the previously described cellular extensions formed by the medaka (Oryzias latipes) luteinizing hormone gonadotropes (Lh cells). Extensions, several cell diameters long, with varicosity-like swellings, were common both in vitro and in vivo. Some extensions approached other Lh cells, while others were in close contact with blood vessels in vivo. Gnrh further stimulated extension development in vitro. Two types of extensions with different characteristics could be distinguished, and were classified as major or minor according to size, origin and cytoskeleton protein dependance. The varicosity-like swellings appeared on the major extensions and were dependent on both microtubules and actin filaments. Immunofluorescence revealed that Lhβ protein was mainly located in these swellings and at the extremity of the extensions. We then investigated whether these extensions contribute to network formation and clustering, by following their development in primary cultures. During the first two days in culture, the Lh cells grew long extensions that with time physically attached to other cells. Successively, tight cell clusters formed as cell somas that were connected via extensions migrated towards each other, while shortening their extensions. Laser photolysis of caged Ca2+ showed that Ca2+ signals originating in the soma propagated from the soma along the major extensions, being particularly visible in each swelling. Moreover, the Ca2+ signal could be transferred between densely clustered cells (sharing soma-soma border), but was not transferred via extensions to the connected cell. In summary, Lh gonadotropes in medaka display a complex cellular structure of hormone-containing extensions that are sensitive to Gnrh, and may be used for clustering and possibly hormone release, but do not seem to contribute to communication between cells themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Tysseng
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude Marie Haug
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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15
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Fontaine R, Rizzoti K, Weltzien FA. Editorial: Plasticity in the Vertebrate Pituitary, Including Regulatory Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:698916. [PMID: 34084154 PMCID: PMC8167042 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.698916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- *Correspondence: Romain Fontaine,
| | - Karine Rizzoti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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16
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Royan MR, Kanda S, Kayo D, Song W, Ge W, Weltzien FA, Fontaine R. Gonadectomy and Blood Sampling Procedures in the Small Size Teleost Model Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 33369605 DOI: 10.3791/62006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex steroids, produced by the gonads, play an essential role in brain and pituitary tissue plasticity and in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction in all vertebrates by providing feedback to the brain and pituitary. Teleost fishes possess a higher degree of tissue plasticity and variation in reproductive strategies compared to mammals and appear to be useful models to investigate the role of sex steroids and the mechanisms by which they act. The removal of the main source of sex steroid production using gonadectomy together with blood sampling to measure steroid levels has been well-established and fairly feasible in bigger fish and is a powerful technique to investigate the role and effects of sex steroids. However, these techniques raise challenges when implemented in small size teleost models. Here, we describe the step-by-step procedures of gonadectomy in both males and female Japanese medaka followed by blood sampling. These protocols are shown to be highly feasible in medaka indicated by a high survival rate, safety for the life span and phenotype of the fish, and reproducibility in terms of sex steroid clearance. The use of these procedures combined with the other advantages of using this small teleost model will greatly improve the understanding of feedback mechanisms in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction and tissue plasticity provided by sex steroids in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
| | - Daichi Kayo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Weiyi Song
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences;
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17
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Fontaine R, Royan MR, von Krogh K, Weltzien FA, Baker DM. Direct and Indirect Effects of Sex Steroids on Gonadotrope Cell Plasticity in the Teleost Fish Pituitary. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:605068. [PMID: 33365013 PMCID: PMC7750530 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.605068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland controls many important physiological processes in vertebrates, including growth, homeostasis, and reproduction. As in mammals, the teleost pituitary exhibits a high degree of plasticity. This plasticity permits changes in hormone production and secretion necessary to meet the fluctuating demands over the life of an animal. Pituitary plasticity is achieved at both cellular and population levels. At the cellular level, hormone synthesis and release can be regulated via changes in cell composition to modulate both sensitivity and response to different signals. At the cell population level, the number of cells producing a given hormone can change due to proliferation, differentiation of progenitor cells, or transdifferentiation of specific cell types. Gonadotropes, which play an important role in the control of reproduction, have been intensively investigated during the last decades and found to display plasticity. To ensure appropriate endocrine function, gonadotropes rely on external and internal signals integrated at the brain level or by the gonadotropes themselves. One important group of internal signals is the sex steroids, produced mainly by the gonadal steroidogenic cells. Sex steroids have been shown to exert complex effects on the teleost pituitary, with differential effects depending on the species investigated, physiological status or sex of the animal, and dose or method of administration. This review summarizes current knowledge of the effects of sex steroids (androgens and estrogens) on gonadotrope cell plasticity in teleost anterior pituitary, discriminating direct from indirect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine von Krogh
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dianne M. Baker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, United States
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18
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Rossignol J, Turtos RM, Gundacker S, Gaudreault D, Auffray E, Lecoq P, Bérubé-Lauzière Y, Fontaine R. Time-of-flight computed tomography - proof of principle. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:085013. [PMID: 32084652 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab78bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography has greatly improved over the last decade, especially through x-ray dose exposure reduction while maintaining image quality. Herein, a new concept is proposed to improve the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by including the time-of-flight (TOF) information of individual photons to obtain further insight on the photon's trajectory and to reject scatter contribution. The proof of the concept relies on both simulation and experimental measurements in a cone-beam computed tomography arrangement. Results show a statistical difference between the TOF of scattered and primary photons exploitable in TOF computed tomography. For a large volume of the size of a human abdomen, a scatter reduction from 296% to 4% is achieved in our simulation setup with perfect timing measurements which yields a 110% better CNR, or a dose reduction by a factor of four. Cup artifacts are also reduced from 24.7% to 0.8%, and attenuation inaccuracies are improved from -26.3% to -0.8%. With 100 ps and 10 ps FWHM timing jitters, respectively 75% and 95% of the scatter contribution can be removed with marginal gains below 10 ps. Experimental measurements confirm the feasibility of measuring statistical differences between the TOF of scattered and primary photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rossignol
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. Département de Génie Électrique et Génie Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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19
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Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) produced by the gonadotropes play a major role in control of reproduction. Contrary to mammals and birds, Lh and Fsh are mostly produced by two separate cell types in teleost. Here, we investigated gonadotrope plasticity, using transgenic lines of medaka (Oryzias latipes) where DsRed2 and hrGfpII are under the control of the fshb and lhb promotors respectively. We found that Fsh cells appear in the pituitary at 8 dpf, while Lh cells were previously shown to appear at 14 dpf. Similar to Lh cells, Fsh cells show hyperplasia from juvenile to adult stages. Hyperplasia is stimulated by estradiol. Both Fsh and Lh cells show hypertrophy during puberty with similar morphology. They also share similar behavior, using their cellular extensions to make networks. We observed bi-hormonal gonadotropes in juveniles and adults but not in larvae where only mono-hormonal cells are observed, suggesting the existence of phenotypic conversion between Fsh and Lh in later stages. This is demonstrated in cell culture, where some Fsh cells start to produce Lhβ, a phenomenon enhanced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) stimulation. We have previously shown that medaka Fsh cells lack Gnrh receptors, but here we show that with time in culture, some Fsh cells start responding to Gnrh, while fshb mRNA levels are significantly reduced, both suggestive of phenotypic change. All together, these results reveal high plasticity of gonadotropes due to both estradiol-sensitive proliferation and Gnrh promoted phenotypic conversion, and moreover, show that gonadotropes lose part of their identity when kept in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence should be addressed to F-A Weltzien:
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20
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Fontaine R, Ciani E, Haug TM, Hodne K, Ager-Wick E, Baker DM, Weltzien FA. Gonadotrope plasticity at cellular, population and structural levels: A comparison between fishes and mammals. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 287:113344. [PMID: 31794734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Often referred to as "the master gland", the pituitary is a key organ controlling growth, maturation, and homeostasis in vertebrates. The anterior pituitary, which contains several hormone-producing cell types, is highly plastic and thereby able to adjust the production of the hormones governing these key physiological processes according to the changing needs over the life of the animal. Hypothalamic neuroendocrine control and feedback from peripheral tissues modulate pituitary cell activity, adjusting levels of hormone production and release according to different functional or environmental requirements. However, in some physiological processes (e.g. growth, puberty, or metamorphosis), changes in cell activity may be not sufficient to meet the needs and a general reorganization of cell composition and pituitary structure may occur. Focusing on gonadotropes, this review examines plasticity at the cellular level, which allows precise and rapid control of hormone production and secretion, as well as plasticity at the population and structural levels, which allows more substantial changes in hormone production. Further, we compare current knowledge of the anterior pituitary plasticity in fishes and mammals in order to assess what has been conserved or not throughout evolution, and highlight important remaining questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elia Ciani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude Marie Haug
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dianne M Baker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mary Washington, VA22401 Fredericksburg, VA, USA
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway.
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Ciani E, Haug TM, Maugars G, Weltzien FA, Falcón J, Fontaine R. Effects of Melatonin on Anterior Pituitary Plasticity: A Comparison Between Mammals and Teleosts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:605111. [PMID: 33505357 PMCID: PMC7831660 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.605111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a key hormone involved in the photoperiodic signaling pathway. In both teleosts and mammals, melatonin produced in the pineal gland at night is released into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, providing rhythmic information to the whole organism. Melatonin acts via specific receptors, allowing the synchronization of daily and annual physiological rhythms to environmental conditions. The pituitary gland, which produces several hormones involved in a variety of physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, stress and reproduction, is an important target of melatonin. Melatonin modulates pituitary cellular activities, adjusting the synthesis and release of the different pituitary hormones to the functional demands, which changes during the day, seasons and life stages. It is, however, not always clear whether melatonin acts directly or indirectly on the pituitary. Indeed, melatonin also acts both upstream, on brain centers that control the pituitary hormone production and release, as well as downstream, on the tissues targeted by the pituitary hormones, which provide positive and negative feedback to the pituitary gland. In this review, we describe the known pathways through which melatonin modulates anterior pituitary hormonal production, distinguishing indirect effects mediated by brain centers from direct effects on the anterior pituitary. We also highlight similarities and differences between teleosts and mammals, drawing attention to knowledge gaps, and suggesting aims for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Ciani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude M. Haug
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gersende Maugars
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jack Falcón
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS FRE 2030, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Romain Fontaine,
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Ciani E, Fontaine R, Maugars G, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Andersson E, Bogerd J, von Krogh K, Weltzien FA. Gnrh receptor gnrhr2bbα is expressed exclusively in lhb-expressing cells in Atlantic salmon male parr. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 285:113293. [PMID: 31580881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) plays a major role in the regulation of physiological and behavioural processes related to reproduction. In the pituitary, it stimulates gonadotropin synthesis and release via activation of Gnrh receptors (Gnrhr), belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Evidence suggests that differential regulation of the two gonadotropins (Fsh and Lh) is achieved through activation of distinct intracellular pathways and, probably, through the action of distinct receptors. However, the roles of the different Gnrhr isoforms in teleosts are still not well understood. This study investigates the gene expression of Gnrhr in the pituitary gland of precociously maturing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) male parr. A total of six Gnrhr paralogs were identified in the Atlantic salmon genome and named according to phylogenetic relationship; gnrhr1caα, gnrhr1caβ, gnrhr1cbα, gnrhr1cbβ, gnrhr2bbα, gnrhr2bbβ. All paralogs, except gnrhr1caα, were expressed in male parr pituitary during gonadal maturation as evidenced by qPCR analysis. Only one gene, gnrhr2bbα, was differentially expressed depending on maturational stage (yearly cycle), with high expression levels in maturing fish, increasing in parallel with gonadotropin subunit gene expression. Additionally, a correlation in daily expression levels was detected between gnrhr2bbα and lhb (daily cycle) in immature fish in mid-April. Double fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that gnrhr2bbα was expressed exclusively in lhb gonadotropes in the pituitary, with no expression detected in fshb cells. These results suggest the involvement of receptor paralog gnrhr2bbα in the regulation of lhb cells, and not fshb cells, in sexually maturing Atlantic salmon male parr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Ciani
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gersende Maugars
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jan Bogerd
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Reproductive Biology Group, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristine von Krogh
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
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23
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Hodne K, Fontaine R, Ager-Wick E, Weltzien FA. Gnrh1-Induced Responses Are Indirect in Female Medaka Fsh Cells, Generated Through Cellular Networks. Endocrinology 2019; 160:3018-3032. [PMID: 31621882 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive function in vertebrates is stimulated by GnRH that controls the synthesis and release of the two pituitary gonadotropins, FSH and LH. FSH and LH, which regulate different stages of gonadal development, are produced by two different cell types in the fish pituitary. This is in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds, and it enables investigation of their differential regulation. In the present study, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization to show that Lh cells in adult female medaka express Gnrh receptors, whereas Fsh cells do not. This result was confirmed by patch-clamp recordings and by cytosolic Ca2+ measurements on dispersed pituitary cells, where Lh cells, but not Fsh cells, responded to Gnrh1 by biphasic alteration in action-potential frequencies and cytosolic Ca2+ levels. In contrast, both Fsh and Lh cells are able to respond to Gnrh1 in brain-pituitary tissue slices both electrically and by elevating the cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Using Ca2+ uncaging in combination with patch-clamp recordings and cytosolic Ca2+ measurements, we show that Fsh and Lh cells form homotypic and heterotypic networks in the pituitary. Taken together, these results show that the effects of Gnrh1 on Fsh release in adult female medaka are indirect and probably mediated via Lh cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Ciani E, Fontaine R, Maugars G, Mizrahi N, Mayer I, Levavi-Sivan B, Weltzien FA. Melatonin receptors in Atlantic salmon stimulate cAMP levels in heterologous cell lines and show season-dependent daily variations in pituitary expression levels. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12590. [PMID: 31169933 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The hormone melatonin connects environmental cues, such as photoperiod and temperature, with a number of physiological and behavioural processes, including seasonal reproduction, through binding to their cognate receptors. This study reports the structural, functional and physiological characterization of five high-affinity melatonin receptors (Mtnr1aaα, Mtnr1aaβ, Mtnr1ab, Mtnr1al, Mtnr1b) in Atlantic salmon. Phylogenetic analysis clustered salmon melatonin receptors into three monophyletic groups, Mtnr1A, Mtnr1Al and Mtnr1B, but no functional representative of the Mtnr1C group. Contrary to previous studies in vertebrates, pharmacological characterization of four receptors in COS-7, CHO and SH-SY5Y cell lines (Mtnr1Aaα, Mtnr1Aaβ, Mtnr1Ab, Mtnr1B) showed induction of intracellular cAMP levels following 2-iodomelatonin or melatonin exposure. No consistent response was measured after N-acetyl-serotonin or serotonin exposure. Melatonin receptor genes were expressed at all levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonad axis, with three genes (mtnr1aaβ, mtnr1ab and mtnr1b) detected in the pituitary. Pituitary receptors displayed daily fluctuations in mRNA levels during spring, prior to the onset of gonadal maturation, but not in autumn, strongly implying a direct involvement of melatonin in seasonal processes regulated by the pituitary. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cAMP induction mediated via melatonin receptors in a teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Ciani
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gersende Maugars
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naama Mizrahi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ian Mayer
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Rouillé T, Aractingi S, Kadlub N, Fraitag S, How-Kit A, Moguelet P, Picard A, Fontaine R, Guégan S. 530 Local inhibition of MEK/AKT prevents cellular growth in human congenital melanocytic nevi. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Rozenfeld C, García-Carpintero V, Pérez L, Gallego V, Herranz-Jusdado JG, Tveiten H, Johnsen HK, Fontaine R, Weltzien FA, Cañizares J, Asturiano JF, Peñaranda DS. Cold seawater induces early sexual developmental stages in the BPG axis of European eel males. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:597. [PMID: 31331264 PMCID: PMC6647157 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impossibility of closing the life cycle of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in captivity troubles the future of this critically endangered species. In addition, the European eel is a highly valued and demanded resource, thus the successful closing of its life cycle would have a substantial economic and ecological impact. With the aim of obtaining the highest gamete quality, the study of the effects of environmental factors, such as temperature, on reproductive performance may prove valuable. This is especially true for the exposure to cold water, which has been reported to improve sexual development in multiple other Actinopterygii species. RESULTS European eel males treated with cold seawater (10 °C, T10) for 2 weeks showed an increase in the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial cells until the differentiated spermatogonial type A cell stage, and elevated testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone plasma levels. Transcriptomes from the tissues of the brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis of T10 samples revealed a differential gene expression profile compared to the other experimental groups, with clustering in a principal component analysis and in heat maps of all differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, a functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed enriched gene ontology terms involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm, histone modification, meiotic nuclear division, and others. CONCLUSIONS Cold seawater treatment had a clear effect on the activity of the BPG-axis of European eel males. In particular, our cold seawater treatment induces the synchronization and increased proliferation and differentiation of specific spermatogonial cells. In the transcriptomic results, genes related to thermoception were observed. This thermoception may have caused the observed effects through epigenetic mechanisms, since all analysed tissues further revealed differentially expressed genes involved in histone modification. The presented results support our hypothesis that a low temperature seawater treatment induces an early sexual developmental stage in European eels. This hypothesis is logical given that the average temperature experienced by eels in the early stages of their oceanic reproductive migration is highly similar to that of this cold seawater treatment. Further studies are needed to test whether a cold seawater treatment can improve the response of European eels to artificial hormonal treatment, as the results suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Rozenfeld
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor García-Carpintero
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luz Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Germán Herranz-Jusdado
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Helge Tveiten
- Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Food Research, Nofima AS, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Helge K Johnsen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Muninbakken 21, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joaquín Cañizares
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - David S Peñaranda
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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27
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Abstract
Blood vessels innervate all tissues in vertebrates, enabling their survival by providing the necessary nutrients, oxygen, and hormonal signals. It is one of the first organs to start functioning during development. Mechanisms of blood vessel formation have become a subject of high scientific and clinical interest. In adults however, it is difficult to visualize the vasculature in most living animals due to their localization deep within other tissues. Nevertheless, visualization of blood vessels remains important for several studies such as endocrinology and neurobiology. While several transgenic lines have been developed in zebrafish, with blood vessels directly visualized through expression of fluorescent proteins, no such tools exist for other teleost species. Using medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model, the current protocol presents a quick and direct technique to label blood vessels in brain and pituitary by perfusing through the heart with fixative containing DiI. This protocol allows improvement of our understanding on how brain and pituitary cells interact with blood vasculature in whole tissue or thick tissue slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences;
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Fleming MS, Maugars G, Lafont AG, Rancon J, Fontaine R, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Weltzien FA, Yebra-Pimentel ES, Dirks R, McCormick SD, Rousseau K, Martin P, Dufour S. Functional divergence of thyrotropin beta-subunit paralogs gives new insights into salmon smoltification metamorphosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4561. [PMID: 30872608 PMCID: PMC6418267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoltification is a metamorphic event in salmon life history, which initiates downstream migration and pre-adapts juvenile salmon for seawater entry. While a number of reports concern thyroid hormones and smoltification, few and inconclusive studies have addressed the potential role of thyrotropin (TSH). TSH is composed of a α-subunit common to gonadotropins, and a β-subunit conferring hormone specificity. We report the presence and functional divergence of duplicated TSH β-subunit paralogs (tshβa and tshβb) in Atlantic salmon. Phylogeny and synteny analyses allowed us to infer that they originated from teleost-specific whole genome duplication. Expression profiles of both paralogs in the pituitary were measured by qPCR throughout smoltification in Atlantic salmon from the endangered Loire-Allier population raised in a conservation hatchery. This revealed a striking peak of tshβb expression in April, concomitant with downstream migration initiation, while tshβa expression remained relatively constant. In situ hybridization showed two distinct pituitary cell populations, tshβa cells in the anterior adenohypophysis, and tshβb cells near to the pituitary stalk, a location comparable to the pars tuberalis TSH cells involved in seasonal physiology and behaviour in birds and mammals. Functional divergence of tshβ paralogs in Atlantic salmon supports a specific role of tshβb in smoltification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Fleming
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France.,Conservatoire National du Saumon Sauvage, 43300, Chanteuges, France
| | - Gersende Maugars
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Lafont
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Jocelyn Rancon
- Conservatoire National du Saumon Sauvage, 43300, Chanteuges, France
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ron Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies B.V, 2333 BE, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - Karine Rousseau
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Patrick Martin
- Conservatoire National du Saumon Sauvage, 43300, Chanteuges, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France.
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29
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Burow S, Fontaine R, von Krogh K, Mayer I, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Hollander-Cohen L, Cohen Y, Shpilman M, Levavi-Sivan B, Weltzien FA. Data on Western blot and ELISA analysis of medaka ( Oryzias latipes) follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) using recombinant proteins expressed with Pichia pastoris. Data Brief 2019; 22:1057-1063. [PMID: 30740493 PMCID: PMC6355963 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) play essential roles in vertebrate reproduction. This article presents data on molecular weight validation of recombinant medaka (Oryzias latipes) (md) gonadotropins Fshβ (mdFshβ), Lhβ (mdLhβ), Fshβα (mdFshβα), and Lhβα (mdLhβα) generated by Pichia pastoris, as well as data on a validation of produced antibodies against Fshβ and Lhβ by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the article includes data on Fsh and Lh protein levels in male medaka pituitaries using recombinant mdFshβα and mdLhβα within enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), in which protein amounts were analyzed related to body weight and age of the fish. This dataset is associated with the research article entitled “Medaka Follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and Luteinizing hormone (Lh): Developmental profiles of pituitary protein and gene expression” (Burow et al., in press).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Burow
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine von Krogh
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian Mayer
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lian Hollander-Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yaron Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Shpilman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding author.
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30
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Fontaine R, Ager-Wick E, Hodne K, Weltzien FA. Plasticity of Lh cells caused by cell proliferation and recruitment of existing cells. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:361-377. [PMID: 30594119 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (Lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) control reproduction in vertebrates. Using a transgenic line of medaka, in which green fluorescent protein expression is controlled by the endogenous lhb promotor, we studied development and plasticity of Lh cells, comparing juveniles and adults of both genders. Confocal imaging and 3D reconstruction revealed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Lh cells in both genders from juvenile to adult stages. We show that Lh cell hyperplasia may be caused by recruitment of existing pituitary cells that start to produce lhb, as evidenced by time lapse recordings of primary pituitary cell cultures, and/or through Lh cell proliferation, demonstrated through a combination of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incubation experiments and proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining. Proliferating Lh cells do not belong to the classical type of multipotent stem cells, as they do not stain with anti-sox2. Estradiol exposure in vivo increased pituitary cell proliferation, particularly Lh cells, whereas pituitary lhb and gpa expression levels decreased. RNA-seq and in situ hybridization showed that Lh cells express two estrogen receptors, esr1 and esr2b, and the aromatase gene cyp19a1b, suggesting a direct effect of estradiol, and possibly androgens, on Lh cell proliferation. In conclusion, our study reveals a high degree of plasticity in the medaka Lh cell population, resulting from a combination of recruitment and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Burow S, Fontaine R, von Krogh K, Mayer I, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Hollander-Cohen L, Cohen Y, Shpilman M, Levavi-Sivan B, Weltzien FA. Medaka follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh): Developmental profiles of pituitary protein and gene expression levels. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 272:93-108. [PMID: 30576646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The two gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) are of particular importance within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of vertebrates. In the current study, we demonstrate the production and validation of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) recombinant (md) gonadotropins Fshβ (mdFshβ), Lhβ (mdLhβ), Fshβα (mdFshβα), and Lhβα (mdLhβα) by Pichia pastoris, the generation of specific rabbit antibodies against their respective β subunits, and their use within the development and validation of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for quantification of medaka Fsh and Lh. mdFsh and mdLh were produced as single-chain polypeptides by linking the α subunit with mdFshβ or mdLhβ mature protein coding sequences to produce a "tethered" polypeptide with the β-chain at the N-terminal and the α-chain at the C-terminal. The specificity of the antibodies raised against mdFshβ and mdLhβ was determined by immunofluorescence (IF) for Fshβ and Lhβ on medaka pituitary tissue, while comparison with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for fshb and lhb mRNA was used for validation. Competitive ELISAs were developed using antibodies against mdFshβ or mdLhβ, and the tethered proteins mdFshβα or mdLhβα for standard curves. The standard curve for the Fsh ELISA ranged from 97.6 pg/ml to 50 ng/ml, and for the Lh ELISA from 12.21 pg/ml to 6.25 ng/ml. The sensitivity of the assays for Fsh and Lh was 44.7 and 70.8 pg/ml, respectively. A profile of pituitary protein levels of medaka Fsh and Lh comparing juveniles with adults showed significant increase of protein amount from juvenile group (body length from 12 mm to 16.5 mm) to adult group (body length from 21 mm to 26.5 mm) for both hormones in male medaka. Comparing these data to a developmental profile of pituitary mRNA expression of medaka fshb and lhb, the mRNA expression of lhb also increased during male maturation and a linear regression analysis revealed a significant increase of lhb expression with increased body length that proposes a linear model. However, fshb mRNA expression did not change significantly during male development and therefore was not correlated with body length. In summary, we have developed and validated homologous ELISA assays for medaka Fsh and Lh based on proteins produced in P. pastoris, assays that will be used to study the functions and regulations of Fsh and Lh in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Burow
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine von Krogh
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian Mayer
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lian Hollander-Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yaron Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Shpilman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway.
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32
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Ager-Wick E, Hodne K, Fontaine R, von Krogh K, Haug TM, Weltzien FA. Preparation of a High-quality Primary Cell Culture from Fish Pituitaries. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30222142 DOI: 10.3791/58159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cell culture is a powerful tool commonly used by scientists to study cellular properties and mechanisms of isolated cells in a controlled environment. Despite vast differences in the physiology between mammals and fish, primary cell culture protocols from fish are often based on mammalian culture conditions, often with only minor modifications. The environmental differences affect not only body temperature, but also blood serum parameters such as osmolality, pH, and pH buffer capacity. As cell culture media and similar working solutions are meant to mimic characteristics of the extracellular fluid and/or blood serum to which a cell is adapted, it is crucial that these parameters are adjusted specifically to the animal in question. The current protocol describes optimized primary culture conditions for medaka (Oryzias latipes). The protocol provides detailed steps on how to isolate and maintain healthy dissociated pituitary cells for more than one week and includes the following steps: 1. the adjustment of the osmolality to the values found in medaka blood plasma, 2. the adjustment of the incubation temperature to normal medaka temperature (here in the aquarium facility), and 3. the adjustment of the pH and bicarbonate buffer to values comparable to other fish species living at similar temperatures. The results presented using the described protocol promote physiologically meaningful results for medaka and can be used as a reference guide by scientists making primary cell cultures from other non-mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirill Ager-Wick
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Kristine von Krogh
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Trude M Haug
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences;
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Abstract
Electrophysiological investigations of pituitary cells have been conducted in numerous vertebrate species, but very few in teleost fish. Among these, the clear majority have been performed on dissociated primary cells. To improve our understanding of how teleost pituitary cells, behave in a more biologically relevant environment, this protocol shows how to prepare viable brain-pituitary slices using the small freshwater fish medaka (Oryzias latipes). Making the brain-pituitary slices, pH and osmolality of all solutions were adjusted to values found in body fluids of freshwater fish living at 25 to 28 °C. Following slice preparation, the protocol demonstrates how to conduct electrophysiological recordings using the perforated whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The patch-clamp technique is a powerful tool with unprecedented temporal resolution and sensitivity, allowing investigation of electrical properties from intact whole cells down to single ion channels. Perforated patch is unique in that it keeps the intracellular environment intact preventing regulatory elements in the cytosol from being diluted by the patch pipette electrode solution. In contrast, when performing traditional whole-cell recordings, it was observed that medaka pituitary cells quickly lose their ability to fire action potentials. Among the various perforation techniques available, this protocol demonstrates how to achieve perforation of the patched membrane using the fungicide Amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences;
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34
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Charneux L, Demoulin C, Vanderthomment M, Tomasella M, Ferrara MA, Grosdent S, Bethlen S, Fontaine R, Gillet P, Racaru T, Kaux JF. [Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and disc lesions: A review of the literature]. Neurochirurgie 2017; 63:473-477. [PMID: 29128087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The spine has been the subject of extensive clinical research since it is the source of many painful complaints. However, there is little scientific evidence concerning the therapeutic proposals. During the course of life, the intervertebral disc degenerates, which over time diminishes its damping capacity and facilitates the expulsion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosus. The degeneration of the intervertebral disc (DDI) is the origin of some back pain and various specific treatments have been developed. These include the infiltration at the center of the intervertebral disc of plasma rich platelet (PRP), composed of multiple growth factors which act on the disc degeneration. This treatment is recent and less invasive than surgery. Preliminary results seem promising. However, many gray areas and several parameters remained to be clarified. In an attempt to do this, a literature review was conducted based on bibliographic databases Pubmed, Medline and Scopus® using the following Mesh terms : PRP, platelet-rich plasma, intradiscal disc degeneration, disc, intradiscal, discogenic. This analysis reveals that at the present time, no reported study has a sufficient perspective to judge the effectiveness of the infiltration of PRP. Early harvest results will be used to set the limits of this treatment. Accordingly, it is therefore currently recommended to introduce PRP injection as a complementary solution to comprehensive care of the spine. Future research will need to generate randomized controlled studies including comparing the results with conservative treatment and measure the cost-benefit relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Charneux
- Département des sciences de la motricité, université de Liège, allée des sports, B21, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - C Demoulin
- Département des sciences de la motricité, université de Liège, allée des sports, B21, 4000 Liège, Belgique; Service de medecine physique, réadaptation et traumatologie du sport, centre médical FIFA d'excellence, université de Liège, CHU de Liège, avenue de l'hôpital, B35, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - M Vanderthomment
- Département des sciences de la motricité, université de Liège, allée des sports, B21, 4000 Liège, Belgique; Service de medecine physique, réadaptation et traumatologie du sport, centre médical FIFA d'excellence, université de Liège, CHU de Liège, avenue de l'hôpital, B35, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - M Tomasella
- Département des sciences de la motricité, université de Liège, allée des sports, B21, 4000 Liège, Belgique; Service de medecine physique, réadaptation et traumatologie du sport, centre médical FIFA d'excellence, université de Liège, CHU de Liège, avenue de l'hôpital, B35, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - M-A Ferrara
- Service de radiodiagnostic, CHU de Liège, avenue de l'hôpital, B35, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - S Grosdent
- Département des sciences de la motricité, université de Liège, allée des sports, B21, 4000 Liège, Belgique; Service de medecine physique, réadaptation et traumatologie du sport, centre médical FIFA d'excellence, université de Liège, CHU de Liège, avenue de l'hôpital, B35, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - S Bethlen
- Service de medecine physique, réadaptation et traumatologie du sport, centre médical FIFA d'excellence, université de Liège, CHU de Liège, avenue de l'hôpital, B35, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - R Fontaine
- Service d'algologie, CHU de Liège, avenue de l'hôpital, B35, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - P Gillet
- Service de chirurgie de l'appareil locomoteur, université de Liège, CHU de Liège, avenue de l'hôpital, B35, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - T Racaru
- Service de neurochirurgie, CHU de Liège, avenue de l'hôpital, B35, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - J-F Kaux
- Département des sciences de la motricité, université de Liège, allée des sports, B21, 4000 Liège, Belgique; Service de medecine physique, réadaptation et traumatologie du sport, centre médical FIFA d'excellence, université de Liège, CHU de Liège, avenue de l'hôpital, B35, 4000 Liège, Belgique.
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Xavier AL, Fontaine R, Bloch S, Affaticati P, Jenett A, Demarque M, Vernier P, Yamamoto K. Comparative analysis of monoaminergic cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells in Osteichthyes (bony vertebrates). J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2265-2283. [PMID: 28295297 PMCID: PMC6585609 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting (CSF‐c) cells containing monoamines such as dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT) occur in the periventricular zones of the hypothalamic region of most vertebrates except for placental mammals. Here we compare the organization of the CSF‐c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish, by analyzing the expression of synthetic enzymes of DA and 5‐HT, respectively, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and draw an evolutionary scenario for this cell population. Due to the lack of TH immunoreactivity in this region, the hypothalamic CSF‐c cells have been thought to take up DA from the ventricle instead of synthesizing it. We demonstrate that a second TH gene (TH2) is expressed in the CSF‐c cells of all the three species, suggesting that these cells do indeed synthetize DA. Furthermore, we found that many CSF‐c cells coexpress TH2 and TPH1 and contain both DA and 5‐HT, a dual neurotransmitter phenotype hitherto undescribed in the brain of any vertebrate. The similarities of CSF‐c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish suggest that these characteristics are inherited from the common ancestor of the Osteichthyes. A significant difference between tetrapods and teleosts is that teleosts possess an additional CSF‐c cell population around the posterior recess (PR) that has emerged in specific groups of Actinopterygii. Our comparative analysis reveals that the hypothalamus in mammals and teleosts has evolved in a divergent manner: placental mammals have lost the monoaminergic CSF‐c cells, while teleosts have increased their relative number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Xavier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Solal Bloch
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Affaticati
- TEFOR Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Arnim Jenett
- TEFOR Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Michaël Demarque
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Philippe Vernier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
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Guegan S, Kadlub N, Picard A, Rouillé T, Charbel C, Coulomb A, How-Kit A, Fraitag S, Aractingi S, Fontaine R. Potentiel clonogénique et tumorigénique variable des nævus congénitaux mutés NRAS. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2016.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Raaf M, Fontaine R, Faymonville ME. [How I treat? complex regional pain syndrome]. REVUE MEDICALE DE LIEGE 2016; 71:531-536. [PMID: 28387091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), formerly known as algoneurodystrophy, is a painful condition of a part of the body, associated with vasomotor, motor and trophic dysfunctions that can occur after trauma. The epidemiology, diagnostic criteria and advances in physiopathology of CRPS will be briefly described. Then the different therapeutic approaches available today will be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raaf
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - R Fontaine
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - M-E Faymonville
- Service d'Algologie et Soins Palliatifs, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
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Candelma M, Fontaine R, Colella S, Santojanni A, Weltzien FA, Carnevali O. Gonadotropin characterization, localization and expression in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius). Reproduction 2016; 153:123-132. [PMID: 27803150 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the regulation of gametogenesis is under the control of gonadotropins (Gth), follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh). In fish, the physiological role of Gths is not fully understood, especially in species with asynchronous ovarian development. To elucidate the role of Gths in species with asynchronous ovary, we studied European hake (Merluccius merluccius) during the reproductive season. For this aim, we first cloned and sequenced both hormones. Then, we characterized their amino acid sequence and performed phylogenetic analyses to verify the relationship to their orthologues in other species. In addition, the quantification of gene expression during their natural reproductive season was analyzed in wild-caught female hake. Our results revealed that fshb peaked during the vitellogenic phase, remaining high until spawning. This is in contrast to the situation in species with synchronous ovary. lhb, on the other hand, peaked during maturation as it is also common in species with synchronous ovarian development. Finally, combining double-labeling fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for Gth mRNAs with immunofluorescence for Lh protein, we evidenced the specific expression of fshb and lhb in different cells within the proximal pars distalis (PPD) of the pituitary. In addition to gonadotrope cells specific to expression of either fshb or lhb, some cells showed co-expression of both genes. This suggests either that gonadotropes with co-expression are not yet specified or they could have a plasticity that permits changes from one cell phenotype to another during certain life stages and in turn during different physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Candelma
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversità Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic MedicineNorwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabrina Colella
- CNR-National Research Council of ItalyISMAR-Marine Sciences Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alberto Santojanni
- CNR-National Research Council of ItalyISMAR-Marine Sciences Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic MedicineNorwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversità Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Guegan S, Kadlub N, Picard A, Rouillé T, Charbel C, Coulomb-L’hermine A, How-Kit A, Fraitag S, Aractingi S, Fontaine R. 519 Varying proliferative and clonogenic potential in NRAS -mutated congenital melanocytic nevi according to size. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yamamoto K, Fontaine R, Pasqualini C, Vernier P. Classification of Dopamine Receptor Genes in Vertebrates: Nine Subtypes in Osteichthyes. Brain Behav Evol 2015; 86:164-75. [PMID: 26613258 DOI: 10.1159/000441550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine neurotransmission regulates various brain functions, and its regulatory roles are mediated by two families of G protein-coupled receptors: the D1 and D2 receptor families. In mammals, the D1 family comprises two receptor subtypes (D1 and D5), while the D2 family comprises three receptor subtypes (D2, D3 and D4). Phylogenetic analyses of dopamine receptor genes strongly suggest that the common ancestor of Osteichthyes (bony jawed vertebrates) possessed four subtypes in the D1 family and five subtypes in the D2 family. Mammals have secondarily lost almost half of the ancestral dopamine receptor genes, whereas nonmammalian species kept many of them. Although the mammalian situation is an exception among Osteichthyes, the current classification and characterization of dopamine receptors are based on mammalian features, which have led to confusion in the identification of dopamine receptor subtypes in nonmammalian species. Here we begin by reviewing the history of the discovery of dopamine receptors in vertebrates. The recent genome sequencing of coelacanth, gar and elephant shark led to the proposal of a refined scenario of evolution of dopamine receptor genes. We also discuss a current problem of nomenclature of dopamine receptors. Following the official nomenclature of mammalian dopamine receptors from D1 to D5, we propose to name newly identified receptor subtypes from D6 to D9 in order to facilitate the use of an identical name for orthologous genes among different species. To promote a nomenclature change which allows distinguishing the two dopamine receptor families, a nomenclature consortium is needed. This comparative perspective is crucial to correctly interpret data obtained in animal studies on dopamine-related brain disorders, and more fundamentally, to understand the characteristics of dopamine neurotransmission in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR 9197), CNRS - Universitx00E9; Paris-Sud, Universitx00E9; Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Fontaine R, Affaticati P, Bureau C, Colin I, Demarque M, Dufour S, Vernier P, Yamamoto K, Pasqualini C. Dopaminergic Neurons Controlling Anterior Pituitary Functions: Anatomy and Ontogenesis in Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2934-48. [PMID: 25965960 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) neurons located in the preoptico-hypothalamic region of the brain exert a major neuroendocrine control on reproduction, growth, and homeostasis by regulating the secretion of anterior pituitary (or adenohypophysis) hormones. Here, using a retrograde tract tracing experiment, we identified the neurons playing this role in the zebrafish. The DA cells projecting directly to the anterior pituitary are localized in the most anteroventral part of the preoptic area, and we named them preoptico-hypophyseal DA (POHDA) neurons. During development, these neurons do not appear before 72 hours postfertilization (hpf) and are the last dopaminergic cell group to differentiate. We found that the number of neurons in this cell population continues to increase throughout life proportionally to the growth of the fish. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation analysis suggested that this increase is due to continuous neurogenesis and not due to a phenotypic change in already-existing neurons. Finally, expression profiles of several genes (foxg1a, dlx2a, and nr4a2a/b) were different in the POHDA compared with the adjacent suprachiasmatic DA neurons, suggesting that POHDA neurons develop as a distinct DA cell population in the preoptic area. This study offers some insights into the regional identity of the preoptic area and provides the first bases for future functional genetic studies on the development of DA neurons controlling anterior pituitary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud (R.F., P.A., C.B., I.C., M.D., P.V., K.Y., C.P.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (S.D.), Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Pierre Affaticati
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud (R.F., P.A., C.B., I.C., M.D., P.V., K.Y., C.P.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (S.D.), Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Charlotte Bureau
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud (R.F., P.A., C.B., I.C., M.D., P.V., K.Y., C.P.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (S.D.), Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ingrid Colin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud (R.F., P.A., C.B., I.C., M.D., P.V., K.Y., C.P.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (S.D.), Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Michaël Demarque
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud (R.F., P.A., C.B., I.C., M.D., P.V., K.Y., C.P.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (S.D.), Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud (R.F., P.A., C.B., I.C., M.D., P.V., K.Y., C.P.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (S.D.), Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Philippe Vernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud (R.F., P.A., C.B., I.C., M.D., P.V., K.Y., C.P.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (S.D.), Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud (R.F., P.A., C.B., I.C., M.D., P.V., K.Y., C.P.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (S.D.), Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Catherine Pasqualini
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud (R.F., P.A., C.B., I.C., M.D., P.V., K.Y., C.P.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (S.D.), Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Ninane V, Lecoq JP, Fontaine R, Brichant JF. [Regional anesthesia: an extra-benefit for our patients]. Rev Med Liege 2015; 70:27-31. [PMID: 25902603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Regional anesthesia is gaining popularity. It provides various benefits, including high quality postoperative analgesia. This leads to a diminished postoperative opioid consumption, less sensitization of peripheral and central neurons, and a reduced risk of persistent chronic pain. Moreover, regional blocks optimize functional recovery after surgery and improve the outcome of cancer patients who undergo surgery. They also reduce the risk of postoperative complications, especially wound complications. Also, regional blocks are frequently used in the management of chronic pain. Finally, in recent years, technological progress (such as the use of ultrasonography) has made these anesthesia techniques safer and more comfortable for the patient.
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Cohen J, Naoura I, Castela M, Von N’Guyen T, Oster M, Fontaine R, Chabbert-Buffet N, Darai E, Aractingi S. Pregnancy affects morphology of induced endometriotic lesions in a mouse model through alteration of proliferation and angiogenesis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 183:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Potard C, Kubiszewski V, Fontaine R, Pochon R, Rusch E, Courtois R. Peer violence, mental health and suicidal ideation in a sample of French adolescent. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14623730.2014.963403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Charbel C, Fontaine R, Malouf G, Picard A, Kadlub N, Kit AH, Coulomb A, Tost J, Mourah S, Aractingi S, Guégan S. La mutation NRAS est la seule mutation récurrente au sein des naevus congénitaux. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2013.09.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fontaine R, Charbel C, Kadlub N, Coulomb A, Picard A, Aractingi S, Guégan S. Caractérisation des cellules souches initiatrices au sein des naevus congénitaux. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2013.09.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Wanet T, Kaschten B, Dubuisson A, Fontaine R, Libbrechts D, Martin D. Long-Term Evaluation of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Neuropathic/Vascular Pain. World Neurosurg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Fontaine R, Affaticati P, Yamamoto K, Jolly C, Bureau C, Baloche S, Gonnet F, Vernier P, Dufour S, Pasqualini C. Dopamine inhibits reproduction in female zebrafish (Danio rerio) via three pituitary D2 receptor subtypes. Endocrinology 2013; 154:807-18. [PMID: 23295741 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In many teleosts, the stimulatory control of gonadotrope axis by GnRH is opposed by an inhibitory control by dopamine (DA). The functional importance of this inhibitory pathway differs widely from one teleostean species to another. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a teleost fish that has become increasingly popular as an experimental vertebrate model. However, the role of DA in the neuroendocrine control of its reproduction has never been studied. Here the authors evaluated in sexually regressed female zebrafish the effects of in vivo treatments with a DA D2 receptor (D2-R) antagonist domperidone, or a GnRH agonist, alone and in combination, on the pituitary level of FSHβ and LHβ transcripts, the gonadosomatic index, and the ovarian histology. Only the double treatment with GnRH agonist and domperidone could induce an increase in the expression of LHβ, in the gonadosomatic index, and a stimulation of ovarian vitellogenesis, indicating that removal of dopaminergic inhibition is required for the stimulatory action of GnRH and reactivation of ovarian function to occur. Using double immunofluorescent staining on pituitary, the authors showed in this species the innervation of LH cells by tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers. Finally, using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, the authors showed that the three subtypes of zebrafish DA D2-R (D2a, D2b, and D2c) were expressed in LH-producing cells, suggesting that they all may be involved in mediating this inhibition. These results show for the first time that, in zebrafish, DA has a direct and potent inhibitory action capable of opposing the stimulatory effect of GnRH in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 3294, Neurobiologie et Développement, Avenue de la Terrasse, bat 5E, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198 Cedex, France
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Fontaine R, Charbel C, Haas A, Picard A, Kadlub N, Coulomb A, Aractingi S, Guegan S. Caractérisation des cellules souches initiatrices de proliférations mélanocytaires non malignes. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2012.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kubiszewski V, Fontaine R, Huré K, Rusch E. [Cyber-bullying in adolescents: associated psychosocial problems and comparison with school bullying]. Encephale 2012; 39:77-84. [PMID: 23095590 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of adolescents engaged in cyber-bullying and then to identify whether students involved in cyber- and school bullying present the same characteristics of internalizing problems (insomnia, perceived social disintegration, psychological distress) and externalizing problems (general aggressiveness, antisocial behavior). METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 738 adolescents from a high-school and a middle-school (mean age=14.8 ± 2.7). The Electronic Bullying Questionnaire and the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire were used to identify profiles of cyber-bullying (cyber-victim, cyber-bully, cyber-bully/victim and cyber-neutral) and school bullying (victim, bully, bully/victim and neutral). Internalizing problems were investigated using the Athens Insomnia Scale, a Perceived Social Disintegration Scale and a Psychological Distress Scale. Externalizing problems were assessed using a General Aggressiveness Scale and an Antisocial Behavior Scale. RESULTS Almost one student in four was involved in cyber-bullying (16.4% as cyber-victim, 4.9% as cyber-bully and 5.6% as cyber-bully/victim); 14% of our sample was engaged in school bullying as a victim, 7.2% as a bully and 2.8% as a bully/victim. The majority of adolescents involved in cyber-bullying were not involved in school bullying. With regard to the problems associated with school bullying, internalizing problems were more prevalent in victims and bully/victims, whereas externalizing problems were more common in bullies and bully/victims. A similar pattern was found in cyber-bullying where internalizing problems were characteristic of cyber-victims and cyber-bully/victims. Insomnia was elevated in the cyber-bully group which is specific to cyberbullying. General aggressiveness and antisocial behavior were more prevalent in cyber-bullies and cyber-bully/victims. Looking at the differences between types of bullying, victims of "school only" and "school and cyber" bullying had higher scores for insomnia and perceived social disintegration than victims of "cyber only" bullying or students "non-involved". Higher general aggressiveness scores were observed for "school only" bullies and "school and cyber" bullies than for bullies in "cyber only" bullying or students "non-involved". Regarding antisocial behavior, "school only" bullies, "cyber only" bullies, "school and cyber" bullies had higher scores than students "non-involved". DISCUSSION This study highlights the importance of investigating both school and cyber-bullying as many psychosocial problems are linked to these two specific and highly prevalent forms of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kubiszewski
- EA 2114, laboratoire de psychologie des âges de la vie, université François-Rabelais, 3, rue des Tanneurs, BP 4103, 37041 Tours cedex 1, France.
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