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Brtva P, Irwin G, Farana R. The effect of changes in fundamental skill complexity on upper limb loading and biomechanical characteristics of performance in female gymnastics. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:567-581. [PMID: 33660580 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1876755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims of this study were to investigate if changes in elbow and wrist joints loading and biomechanical characteristics of performance existed as a function of (a) different hand placement and (b) fundamental skills development in female gymnastics. Ten female gymnasts performed 54 successful trials of round-off skills (cartwheel [18], round-off [18], round-off to back handspring [18]), with three different hand positions (parallel, T-shape and reverse). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the injury risk factors. Findings of the current study showed that an increase in RO skill difficulty level significantly influences the mechanical load on the upper extremities. With the increase in mechanical load on the upper extremities during the reverse and parallel hand positions, this study suggests that that T-shape hand position should be used as the primary technique for the young female. Differences in vertical velocity from touchdown to take-off between the three hand positions for the RO and RO-BH suggested that the reverse position was less effective for young female gymnasts. The findings of the current study demonstrated no clear performance benefits between hand position selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Brtva
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Gareth Irwin
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Roman Farana
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Brtva P, Irwin G, Williams GKR, Farana R. Upper limb biomechanics and dynamics of a core skill on floor exercise in female gymnastics. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:27-35. [PMID: 37031454 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2194140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to increase understanding of the biomechanics and dynamics of the upper limbs during the contact phase of the round-off (RO) performed using three techniques. Twenty female gymnasts performed six successful RO trials in each condition: parallel, T-shape and reverse. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected for each trial. All analyses focused on the contact phase for each hand. Continuous joint profiles examined the dynamics of these tasks as well as the kinetic sequencing. In each case, joint angles, angular velocity, moments and powers at the wrist and elbow joint were reported. Difference between the contact phases of the techniques was examined using a one-way ANOVA SPM. The T-shape technique demonstrated negative power at the wrist during contact; however, the elbow joint compensated with a significantly greater positive power generation during the propulsive phase, suggesting a more effective technique compared to the reduced powers of the reverse and parallel. The order of the peak joint powers during the contact phase, the reverse technique, demonstrated a proximal to distal sequence, in contrast to the distal to proximal for the other techniques. These findings highlight the task-specific coordinative structures during this closed chained action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Brtva
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Gareth Irwin
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Roman Farana
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Farana R, Williams G, Fujihara T, Wyatt HE, Naundorf F, Irwin G. Current issues and future directions in gymnastics research: biomechanics, motor control and coaching interface. Sports Biomech 2023; 22:161-185. [PMID: 34962219 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.2016928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The sport of gymnastics is undergoing a global examination of its culture and the relationship between the gymnast, coach and environment is a central focus. The aim of this review is to explore biomechanics and motor control research in skill development and technique selection in artistic gymnastics with a focus on the underlying concepts and scientific principles that allow performance enhancement, skill development and injury risk reduction. The current review examines peer reviewed papers from 2000 onwards, with a focus on contemporary approaches in the field of gymnastics research, and highlights several key directions for future gymnastics research. Based on our review and the integration of the models of Newell (1986) and Irwin et al. (2005), we recommend that future gymnastics research should embrace at the very least a multidisciplinary approach and aim for an interdisciplinary paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Farana
- University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | - T Fujihara
- Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - H E Wyatt
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - F Naundorf
- Institute for Applied Training Science Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Irwin
- University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
Inconsistencies between sexes in the landing criteria provided by the international gymnastics governing body (FIG) may predispose female gymnasts to lower extremity injury. This study aimed to investigate lower extremity biomechanics when performing the male and female landing strategy. Seven collegiate, female gymnasts (age: 20.5 ± 1.2 years, height: 1.64 ± 0.06 m, mass: 60.4 ± 10.2 kg) performed drop landings using the prescribed women's and men's landing strategy. Kinematic and kinetic data from 10 trials of each landing strategy were collected. Differences between landing strategy at individual and group level for key injury risk variables of the lower limb were explored. Group differences (p ≤ .05) were reported in the sagittal range of motion (ROM) at the knees and hips, with the men's landing strategy eliciting a larger ROM decelerating the body upon impact. Large inter and intra-individual variation was apparent with different movement responses shown across individuals and demonstrating degeneracy as gymnasts satisfied the overall landing objective. These results indicate an individually favoured landing strategy to fulfil the informational constraints and hence supporting the use of a single-subject design. The current study emphasises the potential injury risk associated with the different informational constraints placed on females' landing strategy by the FIG, whilst recognising the individual gymnasts' task response.Highlights An increase in the range of motion at the knee and hip may support the recommendation of the men's landing style.Gymnasts appear to utilise individual landing strategies to complete the landing objective, supporting the use of a single-subject design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Straker
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy A Exell
- School of Sport Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Roman Farana
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Gareth Irwin
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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5
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Slovák L, Zahradník D, Farana R, Svoboda Z, Alaei F, Sarvestan J. Kinetic analysis of volleyball spike jump among young female volleyball players. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.1996906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Slovák
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - David Zahradník
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Roman Farana
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Zdeněk Svoboda
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Alaei
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Javad Sarvestan
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS An increase in the range of motion at the knee and hip may support the recommendation of the men's landing style.Gymnasts appear to utilise individual landing strategies to complete the landing objective, supporting the use of a single-subject design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Straker
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy A Exell
- School of Sport Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Roman Farana
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Gareth Irwin
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Jandacka D, Uchytil J, Zahradnik D, Farana R, Vilimek D, Skypala J, Urbaczka J, Plesek J, Motyka A, Blaschova D, Beinhauerova G, Rygelova M, Brtva P, Balazova K, Horka V, Malus J, Silvernail JF, Irwin G, Nieminen MT, Casula V, Juras V, Golian M, Elavsky S, Knapova L, Sram R, Hamill J. Running and Physical Activity in an Air-Polluted Environment: The Biomechanical and Musculoskeletal Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study 4HAIE (Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment-Program 4). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17239142. [PMID: 33297585 PMCID: PMC7730319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Far too little attention has been paid to health effects of air pollution and physical (in)activity on musculoskeletal health. The purpose of the Healthy aging in industrial environment study (4HAIE) is to investigate the potential impact of physical activity in highly polluted air on musculoskeletal health. A total of 1500 active runners and inactive controls aged 18–65 will be recruited. The sample will be recruited using quota sampling based on location (the most air-polluted region in EU and a control region), age, sex, and activity status. Participants will complete online questionnaires and undergo a two-day baseline laboratory assessment, including biomechanical, physiological, psychological testing, and magnetic resonance imaging. Throughout one-year, physical activity data will be collected through Fitbit monitors, along with data regarding the incidence of injuries, air pollution, psychological factors, and behavior collected through a custom developed mobile application. Herein, we introduce a biomechanical and musculoskeletal protocol to investigate musculoskeletal and neuro-mechanical health in this 4HAIE cohort, including a design for controlling for physiological and psychological injury factors. In the current ongoing project, we hypothesize that there will be interactions of environmental, biomechanical, physiological, and psychosocial variables and that these interactions will cause musculoskeletal diseases/protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jandacka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - David Zahradnik
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Roman Farana
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Dominik Vilimek
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiri Skypala
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jan Urbaczka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jan Plesek
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Adam Motyka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Denisa Blaschova
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Gabriela Beinhauerova
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Marketa Rygelova
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Pavel Brtva
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Klara Balazova
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Veronika Horka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jan Malus
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Julia Freedman Silvernail
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA;
| | - Gareth Irwin
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Miika T. Nieminen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.T.N.); (V.C.)
| | - Victor Casula
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.T.N.); (V.C.)
| | - Vladimir Juras
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Milos Golian
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Steriani Elavsky
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Lenka Knapova
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Radim Sram
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (D.Z.); (R.F.); (D.V.); (J.S.); (J.U.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (K.B.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (G.I.); (M.G.); (S.E.); (L.K.); (J.H.)
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Estevan I, Monfort-Torres G, Farana R, Zahradnik D, Jandacka D, García-Massó X. Children's Single-Leg Landing Movement Capability Analysis According to the Type of Sport Practiced. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17176414. [PMID: 32899167 PMCID: PMC7503518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Understanding children's motor patterns in landing is important not only for sport performance but also to prevent lower limb injury. The purpose of this study was to analyze children's lower limb joint angles and impact force during single-leg landings (SLL) in different types of jumping sports using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). (2) Methods: Thirty children (53.33% girls, M = 10.16 years-old, standard deviation (SD) = 1.52) divided into three groups (gymnastics, volleyball and control) participated in the study. The participants were asked to do SLLs with the dominant lower limb (barefoot) on a force plate from a height of 25 cm. The vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and lower limb joint angles were assessed. SPM{F} one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and SPM{t} unpaired t-tests were performed during the landing and stability phases. (3) Results: A significant main effect was found in the landing phase of jumping sport practice in GRF and joint angles. During the stability phase, this effect was exhibited in ankle and knee joint angles. (4) Conclusions: Evidence was obtained of the influence of practicing a specific sport in childhood. Child volleyball players performed SLL with lower impact force and higher knee flexion than child gymnasts. Training in specific jumping sports (i.e., volleyball and gymnastics) could affect the individual capacity to adapt SLL execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Estevan
- Activitat Física i Promoció de la Salut (AFIPS) Research Group, Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gonzalo Monfort-Torres
- Human Movement Analysis Research Group (HUMAG), Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Education Unit, Florida Universitaria, 46470 Catarroja, Spain
| | - Roman Farana
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech; (R.F.); (D.Z.); (D.J.)
| | - David Zahradnik
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech; (R.F.); (D.Z.); (D.J.)
| | - Daniel Jandacka
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech; (R.F.); (D.Z.); (D.J.)
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- Activitat Física i Promoció de la Salut (AFIPS) Research Group, Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Human Movement Analysis Research Group (HUMAG), Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Kutac P, Jurkova S, Farana R. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG FEMALE ARTISTIC GYMNASTS FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC. SGJ 2019. [DOI: 10.52165/sgj.11.1.57-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyse the somatic parameters of artistic gymnasts in the pupil competition category and to compare them with the values of the general population in the corresponding age group. The study included 16 female gymnasts in the pupil category and 652 girls in the same age group, which formed the control group. Body height was measured using a stadiometer InBody BSM 370, body mass and body composition by BIA analyser InBody 770 (Biospace, South Korea). The monitored values of each gymnast we compared with the mean values of the control group at the corresponding age separately, using the normalisation index (Ni). The results of the study show that the gymnasts in the youngest competition category already differ in basic anthropometric parameters from the general population. Since the age of nine, the gymnasts have a lower body height (except for one person) and lower body weight than the girls in the general population. The body height and body mass values are below average or highly below average in nine gymnasts (56.3%). The high volume of specific physical activity of the gymnasts, included in their training, affects their body composition parameters. The gymnasts have lower body fat (%) and visceral fat (cm2), their values are below average to highly below average, and higher skeletal muscle mass (%), with values above average or highly above average.
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Farana R, Strutzenberger G, Exell T, Skypala J, Wiltshire H, Irwin G. Sex differences in elbow and wrist joint loading during the cartwheel and round off with different hand positions performed by young gymnasts. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:1449-1456. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1565110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Farana
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Gerda Strutzenberger
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Timothy Exell
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Jiri Skypala
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Huw Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gareth Irwin
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Farana R, Exell T, Strutzenberger G, Irwin G. Technique selection in young female gymnasts: Elbow and wrist joint loading during the cartwheel and round-off. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:423-430. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1424941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Farana
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy Exell
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gerda Strutzenberger
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gareth Irwin
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Jandacka D, Zahradnik D, Farana R, Uchytil J, Hamill J. Footfall patterns of a runner with an Achilles tendon rupture. J Sport Health Sci 2017; 6:498-502. [PMID: 30356660 PMCID: PMC6189259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to compare the load and the length of previously ruptured and healthy Achilles tendon (AT) of a recreational runner who used different footfall patterns on each limb during running. METHODS A 41-year-old recreational athlete with a ruptured AT participated in this report. Two force plates and a high-speed motion capture system were used to collect ground reaction force and kinematic data in shod and barefoot running conditions. AT length was measured using ultrasonography and an infrared camera system. AT force was estimated as the active plantar flexion moment divided by AT moment arm during stance phase. RESULTS The participant used a rearfoot pattern on the affected limb and a forefoot/midfoot pattern on the unaffected limb during shod running, and a forefoot/midfoot pattern during barefoot running. There was no difference between the length of the affected and the unaffected AT. During shod running, the maximal AT force and loading rate were lower in the affected AT versus the unaffected AT. During barefoot running, the affected maximal AT force and loading rate were greater than the unaffected AT. CONCLUSION Footfall patterns can be an adaptation to reduce the loading on a previously injured AT. It appears that runners may consider using a rearfoot footfall pattern during running to reduce the stress on the AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jandacka
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic
| | - David Zahradnik
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Farana
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Jandacka D, Silvernail JF, Uchytil J, Zahradnik D, Farana R, Hamill J. Do athletes alter their running mechanics after an Achilles tendon rupture? J Foot Ankle Res 2017; 10:53. [PMID: 29209417 PMCID: PMC5704504 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-017-0235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past thirty years, there has been dramatic increase in incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the athletic population. The purpose of this study was to compare the lower extremity mechanics of Achilles tendon ruptured runners with healthy controls. METHODS The participants with a past history of an Achilles tendon repair (n = 11) and healthy control (n = 11) subgroups were matched on sex, age, type of regular physical activity, mass, height, footfall pattern and lateral dominancy. Running kinetics and kinematics of the ankle, knee and hip were recorded using a high-speed motion capture system interfaced with a force platform. Achilles tendon length was measured using ultrasonography. Main outcome measures were lower extremity joint angles and moments during stance phase of running and Achilles tendon lengths. RESULTS Athletes from Achilles tendon group had an affected gastro-soleus complex. Athletes with history of Achilles tendon rupture had reduced ankle range of motion during second half of the stance phase of running (Δ7.6°), an overextended knee during initial contact (Δ5.2°) and increased affected knee range of motion (Δ4.4°) during the first half of stance phase on their affected limb compared to the healthy control group. There was a 22% increase in the maximal hip joint moment on contralateral side of the Achilles tendon group compared to the healthy controls. CONCLUSION These results suggest a compensation mechanism, relatively extended knee at initial ground contact against the deficit in the muscle-tendon complex of the triceps surae. Overextension during sporting activities may place the knee at risk for further injury. Avoidance of AT lengthening and plantarflexion strength deficit after surgery and during rehabilitation might help to manage AT rupture since these factors may be responsible for altered running kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jandacka
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Varenska 40 A, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Varenska 40 A, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Zahradnik
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Varenska 40 A, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Farana
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Varenska 40 A, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Varenska 40 A, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
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Uchytil J, Jandačka D, Farana R, Zahradník D, Rosicky J, Janura M. Kinematics of gait using bionic and hydraulic knee joints in transfemoral amputees. Acta Gymnica 2017. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2017.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Zahradnik D, Jandacka D, Holcapek M, Farana R, Uchytil J, Hamill J. Blocking landing techniques in volleyball and the possible association with anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:955-961. [PMID: 28665770 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1346817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The number and type of landings performed after blocking during volleyball matches has been related to the potential risk of ACL injury. The aim of the present study was to determine whether gender affects the frequency of specific blocking landing techniques with potential risk of ACL injury from the perspective of foot contact and subsequent movement after the block used by volleyball players during competitive matches. Three matches involving four female volleyball teams (fourteen sets) and three matches involving four male volleyball teams (thirteen sets) in the Czech Republic were analyzed for this study. A Pearson chi-square test of independence was used to detect the relationship between gender and different blocking techniques. The results of the present study showed that gender affected single-leg landings with subsequent movement in lateral direction and double-leg landings. Although the total number of landings was lower for male athletes than for female athletes, a larger portion of male athletes demonstrated single leg landings with a subsequent movement than female athletes. Single leg landings with a subsequent movement have a higher potential risk of ACL injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zahradnik
- a Department of Human Movement Studies , Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jandacka
- a Department of Human Movement Studies , Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holcapek
- b Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling , University of Ostrava, NSC IT4Innovations , Ostrava , Czech Republic
| | - Roman Farana
- a Department of Human Movement Studies , Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- a Department of Human Movement Studies , Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Hamill
- c Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , MA , USA
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Farana R, Jandacka D, Uchytil J, Zahradnik D, Irwin G. Technique Selection 'the Coaches Challenge' Influencing Injury Risk During the First Contact Hand of the Round off Skill in Female Gymnastics. J Hum Kinet 2017; 56:51-59. [PMID: 28469743 PMCID: PMC5384052 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of technique selection on elbow injury risk has been identified for the key round off skill in female gymnastics, with a focus on the second contact limb. The aim of this study was to shift the focus to the first contact limb and investigate the biomechanical injury risk during parallel and T-shape round-off (RO) techniques. Seven international-level female gymnasts performed 10 trials of the RO to back-handspring with parallel and T-shape hand positions. Synchronized kinematic (3D motion analysis system; 247 Hz) and kinetic (two force plates; 1235 Hz) data were collected for each trial. The t-test with effect size statistics determined differences between the two techniques. No significant differences were found for vertical, anterior posterior and resultant ground reaction force, elbow joint kinematics and kinetics. Specifically, the results highlighted that change in technique in RO skills did not influence first contact limb elbow joint mechanics and therefore, injury risk. The findings of the present study suggest the injury potential of this skill is focused on the second limb during the parallel technique of this fundamental gymnastic skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Farana
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jandacka
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Zahradnik
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Gareth Irwin
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Sport Biomechanics Research Group, Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Vaverka F, Jandačka D, Zahradník D, Uchytil J, Farana R, Supej M, Vodičar J. Effect of an Arm Swing on Countermovement Vertical Jump Performance in Elite Volleyball Players: FINAL. J Hum Kinet 2016; 53:41-50. [PMID: 28149409 PMCID: PMC5260575 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine how elite volleyball players employed the arm swing (AS) to enhance their jump performance. The study assessed how the AS influenced the duration and magnitude of the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during the main phases (preparatory, braking and accelerating) of the countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ), the starting position of the body at the beginning of the accelerating phase and the moment when the AS began contributing to increasing the jump height. Eighteen elite volleyball players performed three CMVJs with and without an AS. Kinetics and kinematics data were collected using two Kistler force plates and the C-motion system. The time and force variables were evaluated based on the VGRF, and the position of the body and the trajectory of the arm movement were determined using kinematic analysis. The AS improved the CMVJ by increasing the jump height by 38% relative to jumping without an AS. The AS significantly shortened the braking phase and prolonged the accelerating phase, however, it did not influence the preparatory phase or the overall jump duration. The AS also significantly increased the average force during the accelerating phase as well as the accelerating impulse. The AS upward began at 76% into the overall jump duration. The AS did not influence the body position at the beginning of the accelerating phase. These findings can be used to improve performance of the CMVJ with the AS and in teaching beginning volleyball players proper jumping technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Vaverka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jandačka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Zahradník
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Farana
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Supej
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Vodičar
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zahradnik D, Jandacka D, Farana R, Uchytil J, Hamill J. Identification of types of landings after blocking in volleyball associated with risk of ACL injury. Eur J Sport Sci 2016; 17:241-248. [PMID: 27550780 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1220626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Landing with a low knee flexion angle after volleyball block jumps may be associated with an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim of the present study was to identify the types of volleyball landings after blocks where the knee flexion angle is found to be under a critical knee flexion angle value of 30° at the instant of the first peak of the ground reaction force (GRF). Synchronized kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. T-tests were used to determine if each knee flexion angle at the instant of the peak GRF was significantly different from the critical value of 30°. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare knee flexion angle, time to first peak and the magnitude of the first peak of the resultant GRF and knee stiffness. Significantly lower knee flexion angles were found in the "go" landing (p = .01, ES = 0.6) and the "reverse" landing (p = .02, ES = 0.6) only. The results for knee flexion angle and GRF parameters indicated a significant difference between a "reverse" and "go" and other types of landings, except the "side stick" landing for GRF. The "reverse" and "go" landings may present a risk for ACL injury due to the single-leg landing of these activities that have an associated mediolateral movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zahradnik
- a Human Motion Diagnostic Center , University of Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jandacka
- a Human Motion Diagnostic Center , University of Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic
| | - Roman Farana
- a Human Motion Diagnostic Center , University of Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- a Human Motion Diagnostic Center , University of Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Hamill
- b Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , MA , USA
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Farana R, Jandacka D, Uchytil J, Zahradnik D, Irwin G. The influence of hand positions on biomechanical injury risk factors at the wrist joint during the round-off skills in female gymnastics. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:124-129. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1158414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Farana R, Uchytil J, Zahradník D, Jandačka D. The "Akopian" vault performed by elite male gymnasts: Which biomechanical variables are related to a judge's score? Acta Gymnica 2015. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2015.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Farana R, Irwin G, Jandacka D, Uchytil J, Mullineaux DR. Elbow joint variability for different hand positions of the round off in gymnastics. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 39:88-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Uchytil J, Jandacka D, Zahradnik D, Farana R, Janura M. Temporal-spatial parameters of gait in transfemoral amputees: Comparison of bionic and mechanically passive knee joints. Prosthet Orthot Int 2014; 38:199-203. [PMID: 23824546 DOI: 10.1177/0309364613492789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A symmetrical gait affords the most efficient walking pattern. Bionic prostheses should provide better gait symmetry than mechanically passive prostheses with respect to a nonpathological gait. OBJECTIVES To compare the basic temporal-spatial parameters of gait in transfemoral amputees fitted with bionic or mechanically passive prosthetic knees with those of subjects with a nonpathological gait. STUDY DESIGN Three-dimensional gait analysis using an optoelectronic device. METHODS Eight transfemoral amputees participated in the study. Subjects walked across two dynamometric platforms a total of 15 times. Movement kinematics were measured using optoelectronic stereophotogrammetry. RESULTS The swing time of the affected limb in patients fitted with a mechanically passive knee joint was longer than that of the nonaffected limb by 0.055 s (effect size = 1.57). Compared with the control group, the swing time of the prosthetic limb in patients fitted with a mechanically passive knee was longer by 0.042 s (effect size = 2.1). Similarly, the stance time of the nonaffected limb was longer by 0.047 s (effect size = 1.07). CONCLUSIONS Compared with a mechanically passive knee joint, a bionic knee joint evinced gait symmetry. Both the stance time and the swing time for amputees with a bionic knee were similar to those of nonamputees. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prosthetists aim to design prostheses that achieve a good symmetry between the healthy and affected limbs. The use of bionic technology achieves a level of symmetry approaching that observed in nonamputees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Uchytil
- Human Motion Diagnostics Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jandacka
- Human Motion Diagnostics Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Zahradnik
- Human Motion Diagnostics Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Farana
- Human Motion Diagnostics Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Janura
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Farana R, Jandacka D, Uchytil J, Zahradnik D, Irwin G. Musculoskeletal loading during the round-off in female gymnastics: the effect of hand position. Sports Biomech 2014; 13:123-34. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2014.895034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Farana R, Uchytil J, Zahradník D, Jandačka D. Kinematic analysis of "Lou Yun" vaults performed by top level male gymnasts: Relationship between kinematic variables and judges' score. Acta Gymnica 2013. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2013.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Farana R, Vaverka F. The effect of biomechanical variables on the assessment of vaulting in top-level artistic female gymnasts in world cup competitions. Acta Gymnica 2012. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2012.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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