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Todd JJ, McSorley EM, Pourshahidi LK, Madigan SM, Crowe W, Laird EJ, Healy M, McNeilly A, Magee PJ. Oral spray wintertime vitamin D 3 supplementation has no impact on inflammation in Gaelic footballers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1300-1307. [PMID: 27704631 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D inadequacy [total 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] is widespread in athletes. The biologically active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, may be involved in regulating inflammation although in vitro findings have not been consistently replicated in human intervention trials. This study, conducted at a latitude of 55°N, aimed to assess inflammatory biomarkers in Gaelic footballers before and after a wintertime vitamin D3 intervention. Samples from a 12-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, in which 42 Gaelic footballers received 3000 IU (75 μg) vitamin D3 daily or placebo via oral spray solutions, were analysed for a range of inflammatory biomarkers. Cytokines (interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α), cathelicidin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were quantified by multiplex assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and clinical biochemistry, respectively. White blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil concentrations were determined by full blood profile. Data on total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, measured by LC-MS/MS, were available from the previous study. Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly increased mean total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations from 47 to 84 nmol/L (P = 0.006); yet this had no effect on white blood cell count (P = 0.699), lymphocyte (P = 0.694), neutrophil (P = 0.594), interleukin-8 (P = 0.334), tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.587), cathelicidin (P = 0.745) or high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration (P = 0.621) compared to placebo. 12-weeks vitamin D3 supplementation did not impact the immune profile of Gaelic footballers. This is likely because biomarkers were within their respective normal range or at a concentration similar to that of the general population at baseline. Future studies are encouraged to use inflammation as their primary outcome measure and recruit athletes at risk of compromised immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Todd
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - E M McSorley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - L K Pourshahidi
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | | | - W Crowe
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - E J Laird
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Healy
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A McNeilly
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland
| | - P J Magee
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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Abstract
There are increasing numbers of adults living in the community who require enteral tube feeding. While there is significant evidence of the importance of this treatment, there are side effects which can cause difficulties for patients, their carer tabers and health professionals. Gastrointestinal complications are the most common side effects with feed formula being cited as the main culprit, often without investigating other potential causes. Many patients requiring aggressive nutrition support also require concurrent drug therapy to manage underlying disease. Drugs are often given via tubes in liquid form. These elixirs often contain large quantities of sorbitol, which will increase the osmolar concentration. There is a lack of awareness from primary health-care professionals about the difficulties that can arise when giving medications to patients receiving enteral feeding which may affect patient care and the nutritional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Madigan
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Antrim, UK
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Madigan SM, Tracey F, McNulty H, Eaton-Evans J, Coulter J, McCartney H, Strain JJ. Riboflavin and vitamin B-6 intakes and status and biochemical response to riboflavin supplementation in free-living elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68:389-95. [PMID: 9701198 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/68.2.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-living elderly people aged > or = 65 y were recruited to assess riboflavin and vitamin B-6 intakes and status and the effect of riboflavin supplementation on biochemical indicators of these 2 vitamins. The status of riboflavin (erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient; EGRAC) and vitamin B-6 (plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate; PLP) were determined in a total sample of 92 subjects, from whom dietary intake data were obtained by using the diet history method (n = 83). Although dietary intakes of both vitamins were considered to be adequate according to current reference values, abnormal EGRAC and plasma PLP values were identified in 49% and 38% of subjects, respectively, with 21% having suboptimal status for both nutrients. A subgroup of subjects from the initial sample (n = 45) was assigned in a double-blind manner to receive either 1.6 or 25 mg riboflavin or placebo daily for 12 wk. In those subjects with a baseline EGRAC or plasma PLP value falling outside the currently accepted threshold value for adequacy, low-dose riboflavin supplementation improved status of the limiting nutrient significantly (P<0.0001 and P = 0.020 for EGRAC and plasma PLP responses, respectively). We conclude that a high proportion of healthy elderly people may have suboptimal status for these nutrients despite apparently adequate dietary intakes. Furthermore, we showed that riboflavin supplementation at physiologic doses corrects biochemical abnormalities of not only EGRAC, but also plasma PLP, confirming the biochemical interdependency of these vitamins and suggesting that riboflavin is the limiting nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Madigan
- Human Nutrition Research Group, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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Healy M, O’Moore R, Keane EM, Coakley D, Walsh JB, Tully M, Swanwick G, Coen R, Bruce I, O’Mahony D, Radic A, O’Kelly F, O’Doherty M, Lawlor BA, Lee H, Conway J, Keane E, Ng K, Murphy S, Khaw KT, May H, Compston JE, Taggart H, Crawford V, Twomey C, Delaney L, Crowley M, Hyland M, Hegarty V, Donovan MC, Pye M, Reardon M, Coleman P, Hyland CM, Scott T, Keane CT, Farragher B, O’Connor A, Quinn E, Mahony D, Rowan M, Buggy F, Freyne A, Wrigley M, Passmore AP, Crawford VLS, Beringer TRO, Gilmore DH, Hussain A, Grant D, Montgomery A, Hemeryck L, McCormack PME, Sheehan N, Guely A, Leonard L, Caulfield D, Nic Cártaigh M, Feely J, Mulkerrin E, Clark BA, Epstein FH, Keane N, McCabe E, Shepherd M, O’Donnell MJ, Cooper RA, Nurzaman M, Brooks RW, Sinha SK, Kane D, McKiernan M, Crowe J, Lennon J, Sheehan J, Rearden M, Hyland M, Tracey F, Lawson JT, Stout RW, Williams H, Naguib M, O’Keefe S, Lavan J, Madigan SM, McNulty H, Eaton-Evans J, Strain JJ, Stanwick G, Horgan F, Keating D, Crowe M, McNamara A, Leahy P, Healy S, Moraes D, Tyrell J, Crawford VLS, O’Keeffe S, Glasgow R, Tormey W, Finucane P, Nair BK, McCann C, Coen RF, O’Boyle CA, Joyce CRB, Hiltbrunner B, Clarke R, Cooney J. Irish Gerontological Society. Ir J Med Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02940568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
In six cases, abdominal aortic aneurysms simulated dissections because an anechoic crescent was seen peripheral to the echogenic intraluminal thrombus. Thrombus can easily be identified by sonography, but the layered echogenic and anechoic appearance has not been described. Three of these cases are presented to illustrate this sonographic pattern of thrombus so that it will not be misinterpreted as a dissection. CT scans were performed on all three patients and an arteriogram and surgery in one, all of which confirmed that these were not dissections but two layers of thrombus with the intima peripheral to the anechoic layer. At surgery, the anechoic layer medial to the intima in one case proved to be serosanguinous fluid and, therefore, likely liquefaction of the clot.
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