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Shirai T, Ishizawa M, Zhuravlev R, Ganshin A, Belikov D, Saito M, Oda T, Valsala V, Gomez-Pelaez AJ, Langenfelds R, Maksyutov S. A decadal inversion of CO 2 using the Global Eulerian-Lagrangian Coupled Atmospheric model (GELCA): sensitivity to the ground-based observation network. Tellus B Chem Phys Meteorol 2017; 69:1291158. [PMID: 32848290 PMCID: PMC7447134 DOI: 10.1080/16000889.2017.1291158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present an assimilation system for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) using a Global Eulerian-Lagrangian Coupled Atmospheric model (GELCA), and demonstrate its capability to capture the observed atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios and to estimate CO2 fluxes. With the efficient data handling scheme in GELCA, our system assimilates non-smoothed CO2 data from observational data products such as the Observation Package (ObsPack) data products as constraints on surface fluxes. We conducted sensitivity tests to examine the impact of the site selections and the prior uncertainty settings of observation on the inversion results. For these sensitivity tests, we made five different site/data selections from the ObsPack product. In all cases, the time series of the global net CO2 flux to the atmosphere stayed close to values calculated from the growth rate of the observed global mean atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio. At regional scales, estimated seasonal CO2 fluxes were altered, depending on the CO2 data selected for assimilation. Uncertainty reductions (URs) were determined at the regional scale and compared among cases. As measures of the model-data mismatch, we used the model-data bias, root-mean-square error, and the linear correlation. For most observation sites, the model-data mismatch was reasonably small. Regarding regional flux estimates, tropical Asia was one of the regions that showed a significant impact from the observation network settings. We found that the surface fluxes in tropical Asia were the most sensitive to the use of aircraft measurements over the Pacific, and the seasonal cycle agreed better with the results of bottom-up studies when the aircraft measurements were assimilated. These results confirm the importance of these aircraft observations, especially for constraining surface fluxes in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shirai
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Ishizawa
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - R Zhuravlev
- Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Ganshin
- Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - D Belikov
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan
| | - M Saito
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Oda
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA / Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - V Valsala
- Indian Institute for Tropical Meteorology
| | - A J Gomez-Pelaez
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, Meteorological State Agency of Spain, Izaña, Spain
| | - R Langenfelds
- Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Aspendale, Australia
| | - S Maksyutov
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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Thompson RL, Patra PK, Chevallier F, Maksyutov S, Law RM, Ziehn T, van der Laan-Luijkx IT, Peters W, Ganshin A, Zhuravlev R, Maki T, Nakamura T, Shirai T, Ishizawa M, Saeki T, Machida T, Poulter B, Canadell JG, Ciais P. Top-down assessment of the Asian carbon budget since the mid 1990s. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10724. [PMID: 26911442 PMCID: PMC4773423 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is the principal driver of anthropogenic climate change. Asia is an important region for the global carbon budget, with 4 of the world's 10 largest national emitters of CO2. Using an ensemble of seven atmospheric inverse systems, we estimated land biosphere fluxes (natural, land-use change and fires) based on atmospheric observations of CO2 concentration. The Asian land biosphere was a net sink of −0.46 (−0.70–0.24) PgC per year (median and range) for 1996–2012 and was mostly located in East Asia, while in South and Southeast Asia the land biosphere was close to carbon neutral. In East Asia, the annual CO2 sink increased between 1996–2001 and 2008–2012 by 0.56 (0.30–0.81) PgC, accounting for ∼35% of the increase in the global land biosphere sink. Uncertainty in the fossil fuel emissions contributes significantly (32%) to the uncertainty in land biosphere sink change. Land biosphere uptake of carbon is important in mitigating the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 and its climate forcing. Here, the authors show that land biosphere uptake of carbon in Asia has increased substantially since the mid 1990s, likely owing to reforestation and regional climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Thompson
- Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
| | - P K Patra
- Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research, Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - F Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement (LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Maksyutov
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - R M Law
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 3195 Aspendale, Australia
| | - T Ziehn
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 3195 Aspendale, Australia
| | - I T van der Laan-Luijkx
- Department of Meteorology and Air Quality, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University (WU), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Peters
- Department of Meteorology and Air Quality, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University (WU), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, Centre for Isotope Research, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Ganshin
- Department of Upper Atmospheric Layers Physics, Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Moscow 141700, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University (TSU), 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - R Zhuravlev
- Department of Upper Atmospheric Layers Physics, Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Moscow 141700, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University (TSU), 634050 Tomsk, Russia.,Department of Atmospheric Physics and Microwave Diagnostics, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - T Maki
- Atmospheric Environment and Applied Meteorology Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Global Environment and Marine Department, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan
| | - T Shirai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - M Ishizawa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - T Saeki
- Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research, Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - T Machida
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - B Poulter
- Institute on Ecosystems and Department of Ecology, Montana State University (MSU), 59717 Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - J G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - P Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement (LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Pickett-Heaps CA, Rayner PJ, Law RM, Ciais P, Patra PK, Bousquet P, Peylin P, Maksyutov S, Marshall J, Rödenbeck C, Langenfelds RL, Steele LP, Francey RJ, Tans P, Sweeney C. Atmospheric CO2inversion validation using vertical profile measurements: Analysis of four independent inversion models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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