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Evaluating the effect of calcium, magnesium and sodium supplementation of Merino ewes on their lambs' growth. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:391-396. [PMID: 37503775 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate responses to supplementation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) to lactating ewes and lambs grazing barley forage from lamb marking to weaning. A 10-ha paddock sown to barley was subdivided into eight plots as four replicates of two treatments. Merino ewes (n = 104) with lambs at foot were stratified to the eight plots (13 ewes and 21 lambs/plot) based on number of lambs (twin or single) and ewes' weight. Supplemented groups had access to mineral supplements (30 g/ewe/day) supplying 12 g/ewe/day ground limestone, 12 g/ewe/day Causmag® and 6 g/ewe/day coarse salt in a ratio of 2: 2: 1 by weight (as fed) from day 0 (a day before lamb marking) after sample collection. Control groups were not supplemented with minerals. Blood, milk and urine samples from ewes and blood from lambs were collected at different time points, namely, a day prior to lamb marking (day 0), 14 days after the commencement of study (day 14), and 28 days after the commencement of study (day 28). Weight of the lambs was also recorded at each time point. We found that the concentration of the forage minerals (Ca, Mg and potassium (K)) was lower on day 28 than on day 0 (P < 0.025). Liveweight gain was greater in the first 14 days compared with the second weight gain period (P < 0.001). The interaction of time and treatment was significant for liveweight (P < 0.001). Due to the improvement in weight gain of supplemented lambs, we recommend that mineral supplementation during late lactation is beneficial considering the low cost of minerals, even though the mineral content of the forage was not deficient.
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Assessment of cannabidiol use in pets according to a national survey in the USA. J Small Anim Pract 2023. [PMID: 37203420 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conduct an online questionnaire to understand the motivations and perceptions about cannabidiol use in companion animals in the USA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from a USA population sample who owned a pet were gathered using an online questionnaire. Perception of cannabidiol efficacy was analysed for independence against explanatory variables using the Pearson chi-square test, followed by a binary logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 1238 participants completed the survey; 356 had administered cannabidiol to their pet before. Dogs were the most prevalent pet, followed by cats (75.8 and 22.2%, respectively). Treats/chews and oils were the most common forms of cannabidiol (44.6 and 42.9%, respectively). The most prevalent condition for treating with cannabidiol was anxiety and stress (67.4%), followed by joint pain and inflammation (23%). Doses and frequency of cannabidiol used by many pet owners were inconsistent, and yet many participants perceived an improvement of their pets' condition with supplementation, with mild to no side effects. Most respondents had not given cannabidiol to their pets before due to uncertainty about its efficacy and safety. The frequency of cannabidiol administration and length of time administered were both significant for whether participants found it efficacious in treating a given condition, and this was more evident when supplementing cannabidiol for a longer time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE We found heterogeneity regarding cannabidiol dosage and dosing frequency. Cannabidiol was mostly perceived as safe and effective, but there is a need to conduct further research on cannabidiol long-term tolerability and therapeutic efficacy for treating various conditions.
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Moderate exercise protects against joint disease in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1065278. [PMID: 36545287 PMCID: PMC9760924 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1065278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy for osteoarthritis (OA). Various exercise regimes, with differing intensities and duration, have been used in a range of OA rodent models. These studies show gentle or moderate exercise reduces the severity of OA parameters while high intensity load bearing exercise is detrimental. However, these studies were largely conducted in rats or in mouse models induced by severe injury, age or obesity, whilst destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in mice has become a widely accepted model due to its lower variability, moderate progression and timescale. The present study was undertaken to provide insight into the effect of moderate exercise on early joint pathology in the DMM mouse model. Exercise was induced a week after induction by forced wheel walking for three or 7 weeks. Joints were analyzed by microcomputed tomography and histology. Assessment of skeletal parameters revealed that exercise offered protection against cartilage damage after 7 weeks of exercise, and a temporary protection against osteosclerosis was displayed after 3 weeks of exercise. Furthermore, exercise modified the metaphyseal trabecular microarchitecture of the osteoarthritic leg in both time points examined. Collectively, our findings corroborate previous studies showing that exercise has an important effect on bone in OA, which subsequently, at 8 weeks post-induction, translates into less cartilage damage. Thus, providing an exercise protocol in a surgical mouse model of OA, which can be used in the future to further dissect the mechanisms by which moderate exercise ameliorates OA.
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Evaluating the needs of older adults with cancer: baseline clinical activity and considerations for the development of a Senior Adult Oncology Programme at The Royal Marsden. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pioneering comprehensive oncogeriatric care in the United Kingdom: the development of a multidisciplinary Senior Adult Oncology Programme at The Royal Marsden. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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97P Is continuing CDK4-6 inhibitor therapy safe during the COVID-19 pandemic? A UK cancer centre experience. Ann Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8106264 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Evaluation of the Effect of Cannabidiol on Osteoarthritis-Associated Pain in Dogs—A Pilot Study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1692272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Increasing body mass index and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness are associated with increased skin-to-epidural space distance in pregnant women. Int J Obstet Anesth 2018; 38:59-65. [PMID: 30477996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index does not indicate the distribution of adipose tissue. Central adiposity may be measured using ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness. This study determined if the abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured correlated with skin-to-epidural space distance at delivery, and compared this with the booking body mass index. METHODS We analysed a sub-set of participants from a single-centre, prospective cohort study that assessed the relationship between subcutaneous fat thickness and maternity outcomes. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measurements were obtained during the routine fetal anomaly scan. The skin-to-epidural space distance was obtained in those having epidural or combined spinal-epidural analgesia. Linear regression was used to test for strength of association and adjusted R2 values calculated to determine if subcutaneous fat thickness or body mass index was more strongly associated with skin-to-epidural space distance. RESULTS The 463 women had a median (IQR) booking body mass index of 25.0 kg/m2 (21.8-29.3) and subcutaneous fat thickness of 16.2 mm (13.0-21.0). The median (IQR) skin-to-epidural space distance was 5.0 cm (4.5-6.0). Both parameters significantly correlated with skin-to-epidural space distance (r=0.53 and 0.68 respectively, P <0.001). Adjusted linear regression coefficient (95% CI) for subcutaneous fat thickness was 0.09 (0.08 to 0.11), R2=0.30 and for body mass index 0.12 (0.11 to 0.13), R2=0.47. CONCLUSIONS Booking body mass index had a stronger relationship with skin-to- epidural space distance at delivery than subcutaneous fat thickness, explaining 47% of the variation in the skin-to-epidural distance.
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Challenges and controversies in the conservative management of uterine and ovarian cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 55:93-108. [PMID: 30243603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uterine cancer is the fifth most common cancer in women worldwide with an estimated 320,000 annual diagnoses. Its most common form, endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial adenocarcinoma [EAC]), is thought to develop through excessive proliferation of endometrial glands, and then increasing steadily in incidence. The current standard treatment for EAC is hysterectomy, which is often curative. However, it may be unacceptably expensive for women with severe medical comorbidities, those who are at risk of intra- and postoperative adverse events and those who desire fertility. Ovarian cancer is the most malignant of all gynaecological cancers, but patients with disease limited to one ovary and patients with non-epithelial tumours may expect a good prognosis. A selected group of young patients who desire fertility may be well treated with conservative surgery. This chapter reviews patient selection, diagnosis, pre-treatment evaluation, treatment options, surveillance and risk of relapse.
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Metagenomic Investigation of Idiopathic Meningoencephalomyelitis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:324-330. [PMID: 29197179 PMCID: PMC5787199 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO) is a common and life-threatening neuroinflammatory disease in dogs. Features of the disease are suggestive of an underlying immune-mediated process, but the association of this disease with a pathogen is still unknown. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To search for candidate etiologic agent associated with cases if MUO using next generation metagenomic sequencing. ANIMALS Twenty-two dogs diagnosed with either MUO (11/22; 10 CSF and 3 brain), or noninflammatory CNS diseases inconsistent with MUO (11/22; 11 CSF and 2 brain) that served as negative controls. METHODS A case control study was performed by identifying MUO and non-MUO cases. Samples were blindly processed and then unblinded for comparative analyses. Inclusion criteria for MUO cases included consistent MRI lesions and inflammatory CSF with a negative PCR panel for infectious agents or histopathologic diagnosis. Dogs with glucocorticoid therapy within 2 weeks of sample collection were excluded. Fresh-frozen cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; 21) and brain (5) samples were collected and RNA and DNA were extracted separately for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Known positive samples were used as controls to validate our sequencing and analysis pipelines and to establish limits of detection. Sequencing results were analyzed at a nucleotide and protein level for broad comparison to known infectious organisms. RESULTS No candidate etiologic agents were identified in dogs with MUO. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These results support but do not prove the hypothesis that MUO is not associated with infectious agents and might be an autoimmune disease.
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Immunoglobulin concentrations in pre- and post-foaling mammary secretions. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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0525 UNMASKING PREDICTORS OF CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE COMPLIANCE. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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53: A survey of regional practice affecting small sample diagnosis and tissue managment of lung carcinoma samples, with development of a local guideline. Lung Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(17)30103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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129 Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with and without cystic fibrosis to ceftobiprole. J Cyst Fibros 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(16)30367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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A genomic case study of mixed fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1148-1154. [PMID: 27029710 PMCID: PMC4880064 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first comprehensive genomic analysis of a case of mixed conventional and fibrolamellar HCC (mFL-HCC). This study confirms the expression of DNAJB1:PRKACA, a fusion previously associated with pure FL-HCC but not conventional HCC, in mFL-HCC. These results indicate the DNAJB1:PRKACA fusion has diagnostic utility for both pure and mixed FL-HCC. Background Mixed fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (mFL-HCC) is a rare liver tumor defined by the presence of both pure FL-HCC and conventional HCC components, represents up to 25% of cases of FL-HCC, and has been associated with worse prognosis. Recent genomic characterization of pure FL-HCC identified a highly recurrent transcript fusion (DNAJB1:PRKACA) not found in conventional HCC. Patients and Methods We performed exome and transcriptome sequencing of a case of mFL-HCC. A novel BAC-capture approach was developed to identify a 400 kb deletion as the underlying genomic mechanism for a DNAJB1:PRKACA fusion in this case. A sensitive Nanostring Elements assay was used to screen for this transcript fusion in a second case of mFL-HCC, 112 additional HCC samples and 44 adjacent non-tumor liver samples. Results We report the first comprehensive genomic analysis of a case of mFL-HCC. No common HCC-associated mutations were identified. The very low mutation rate of this case, large number of mostly single-copy, long-range copy number variants, and high expression of ERBB2 were more consistent with previous reports of pure FL-HCC than conventional HCC. In particular, the DNAJB1:PRKACA fusion transcript specifically associated with pure FL-HCC was detected at very high expression levels. Subsequent analysis revealed the presence of this fusion in all primary and metastatic samples, including those with mixed or conventional HCC pathology. A second case of mFL-HCC confirmed our finding that the fusion was detectable in conventional components. An expanded screen identified a third case of fusion-positive HCC, which upon review, also had both conventional and fibrolamellar features. This screen confirmed the absence of the fusion in all conventional HCC and adjacent non-tumor liver samples. Conclusion These results indicate that mFL-HCC is similar to pure FL-HCC at the genomic level and the DNAJB1:PRKACA fusion can be used as a diagnostic tool for both pure and mFL-HCC.
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93 Production of virulence factors by Prevotella isolates belonging to the cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory microbiota. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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94 Isolation and characterisation of bacteriophage infecting Prevotella spp. recovered from the cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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WS02.7 Initial and chronic MRSA infection in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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124 Lack of antimicrobial activity of ivacaftor against clinical CF respiratory isolates. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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S22 The Effect Of Cigarette Smoke On Important Pathogens In Copd Lung Infection. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Phase 1 Study of the Parp Inhibitor E7449 As a Single Agent in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors or B-Cell Lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu331.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Estimates of genetic parameters for stayability to consecutive calvings of Canadian Simmentals by random regression models1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3634-43. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-6126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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101 Characterization of the airway microbiota in the lungs of healthy individuals by strict anaerobic culture. J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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WS18.5 MRSA in cystic fibrosis: potential for transmission within CF centres? J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fixed dose (555 MBq; 15 mCi) radioiodine for the treatment of hyperthyroidism: outcome and its predictors. Intern Med J 2010; 40:854-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Posttransplant Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis Localized to the Terminal Ileum. Perit Dial Int 2010; 30:480-2. [DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2009.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in oncological care have led to improved short- and long-term prognosis of cancer patients but admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains controversial. AIM The objective was to assess the outcome of patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours admitted to the ICU as emergencies, and to identify risk factors for mortality. DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective and prospective analysis of 185 cancer patients admitted to the ICU at Guy's Hospital (259 admissions), a large tertiary referral oncology centre between February 2004 and July 2008. RESULTS One hundred and fifteen patients had haematological malignancies of whom 30.4% died in ICU. Seventy patients had solid tumours. ICU mortality was 27.1%. Fifty-four patients had >1 admission to ICU. ICU survivors had significantly lower acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores and less failed organ systems on admission to ICU and less organ failure during stay in the ICU. Neutropenia, sepsis and re-admission were not associated with an increased mortality. Six-month mortality rates for patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours were 73 and 78.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Short-term outcome of critically ill cancer patients in ICU is better than previously reported. The decision to admit cancer patients to ICU should depend on the severity of the acute illness rather than factors related to the malignancy. In appropriate patients, invasive organ support and re-admission should not be withheld.
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Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates cultured from cystic fibrosis patients to temocillin. J Cyst Fibros 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(10)60156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates cultured from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis. J Cyst Fibros 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(10)60155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The effect of sunitinib on immune parameters and haemopoetic stem cell markers in patients with untreated clear cell renal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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The management and outcome of women with post-hydatidiform mole 'low-risk' gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, but hCG levels in excess of 100 000 IU l(-1). Br J Cancer 2010; 102:810-4. [PMID: 20160727 PMCID: PMC2833242 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) after a hydatidiform mole is either treated with single- or multi-agent chemotherapy determined by a multifactorial scoring system. Women with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels >100 000 IU l−1 can remain within the low-risk/single-agent category and usually choose one drug therapy. Here we compare the success and duration of single- vs multi-agent chemotherapy in this patient group. Methods: Between 1980 and 2008, 65 women had a pre-treatment hCG >100 000 IU l−1 and were low risk. The initial hCG level, treatment regimens, changes and duration and overall survival were recorded. Results: Of 37 patients starting low-risk/single-agent treatment, 11 (29.7%) were treated successfully, whereas 26 (70.3%) required additional multi-agent chemotherapy to achieve complete remission (CR). Combination chemotherapy was initially commenced in 28 women, and 2 (7%) required additional drugs for CR. The overall duration of therapy for those commencing and completing single- or multi-agent chemotherapy was 130 and 123 days (P=0.78), respectively. The median-treatment duration for patients commencing single-agent but changing to multi-agent chemotherapy was 13 days more than those receiving high-risk treatment alone (136 vs 123 days; P=0.07). All 3 patients with an initial hCG >400 000 IU l−1 and treated with single-agent therapy developed drug resistance. Overall survival for all patients was 100%. Conclusion: Low-risk post-molar GTN patients with a pre-treatment hCG >100 000 and <400 000 IU l−1 can be offered low-risk single-agent therapy, as this will cure 30%, is relatively non-toxic and only prolongs treatment by 2 weeks if a change to combination agents is required. Patients whose hCG is >400 000 IU l−1 should receive multi-agent chemotherapy from the outset.
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Percentage of Positive Biopsy Cores is a Strong Predictor of Clinical Outcome and Overall Survival in Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Predictors of Pulmonary and Other Thoracic Complications after Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for Primary or Metastatic Lung Tumors: Dose–volume Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Improvement in Clinical Outcomes with Prostate Radiotherapy at a Single Institution in the PSA Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Adaptive Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT) Eliminates the Risk of Geometric Miss Due to Rectal Distention in Prostate Cancer Treatment Planning: Biochemical and Clinical Evidence of Efficacy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Impact of Young Age on Clinical Outcome in Prostate Cancer Treated with High-dose RT in the Modern ERA. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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A topological model of the baseplate of lactococcal phage Tuc2009. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308089307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Numerous case reports of pregnancy in acromegaly exist, however detailed descriptions of changes in placental and pituitary GH and IGF-I throughout gestation are rare. A 19-yr-old female presented to this institution with signs and symptoms of a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Following transphenoidal hypophysectomy, she had 3 unplanned pregnancies, despite ongoing active disease. No pregnancy was complicated by glucose intolerance or hypertension and 3 healthy newborns were delivered near or at term. Clinical improvement was observed during each pregnancy, accompanied by IGF-I levels lower than in the non-pregnant state, the majority lying within the normal range. This was despite increasing placental GH levels, and was not consistent with previous reports in the literature. Further surgical and medical therapies for acromegaly failed to normalize nonpregnant GH or IGF-I levels in this woman. Estrogen is known to alter GH signaling via its interaction with Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways. We hypothesize that increasing concentrations of estrogen or other pregnancy-related hormones resulted in her clinical and biochemical improvement during pregnancy. This may be used for future therapeutic benefit.
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Extremely high cytoplasmic diversity in natural and breeding populations of Lolium (Poaceae). Heredity (Edinb) 2007; 99:531-44. [PMID: 17622266 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6801030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten chloroplast microsatellite markers were used to characterise chloroplast genetic diversity at allelic and haplotypic level in 104 accessions of Lolium perenne, other Lolium species, Festuca species and x Festulolium cultivars. Furthermore, genetic relationships between the accessions and biogeographic distribution of haplotypes were investigated using a range of Nei's population genetic diversity measures and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). An extremely high number (511) of haplotypes was detected in 1575 individuals. Nei's gene diversity values among L. perenne accessions ranged between 0 and 0.333. Much of the L. perenne European ecotype diversity (61%), as calculated using AMOVA, could be attributed to within-population variance and this is likely caused by, and maintained by, high levels of natural and anthropogenic seed dispersal. Plastid gene pools and maternal lineages for L. perenne could be clearly identified. Evidence was found, using AMOVA, to show a likely migration route of L. perenne from Southern regions of Europe northwards.
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Selenium concentrations in UK wheat and biofortification strategies. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rapid, inexpensive scanning for all possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene sequence variants in a single assay: implications for genetic testing. J Med Genet 2003; 40:e33. [PMID: 12676906 PMCID: PMC1735418 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.4.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Crawling T cell locomotion in which activated lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) integrins participate is associated with translocation of the protein kinase C-beta (PKC-beta) isoenzyme to the microtubule cytoskeleton. In normal T cells and T lymphoma cell lines, this type of motility is accompanied by PKC-beta-sensitive cytoskeletal rearrangements and the formation of trailing cell extensions, which are supported by microtubules. Expression of PKC-beta(I) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in nonmotile PKC-beta-deficient T cells restored their locomotory behavior in response to a triggering stimulus delivered via LFA-1 and correlated directly with the degree of cell polarization. We have also shown that PKC-beta(I) is a component of the tubulin-enriched LFA-1-cytoskeletal complex assembled upon LFA-1 cross-linking. These observations may have physiological equivalents at advanced (post-integrin activation) stages of lymphocyte extravasation.
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Improvement and optimization of two engineered phage resistance mechanisms in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:608-16. [PMID: 11157223 PMCID: PMC92627 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.2.608-616.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous replication module genes were identified for four P335 type phages. DNA sequence analysis revealed that all four phages exhibited more than 90% DNA homology for at least two genes, designated rep2009 and orf17. One of these genes, rep2009, codes for a putative replisome organizer protein and contains an assumed origin of phage DNA replication (ori2009), which was identical for all four phages. DNA fragments representing the ori2009 sequence confer a phage-encoded resistance (Per) phenotype on lactococcal hosts when they are supplied on a high-copy-number vector. Furthermore, cloning multiple copies of the ori2009 sequence was found to increase the effectiveness of the Per phenotype conferred. A number of antisense plasmids targeting specific genes of the replication module were constructed. Two separate plasmids targeting rep2009 and orf17 were found to efficiently inhibit proliferation of all four phages by interfering with intracellular phage DNA replication. These results represent two highly effective strategies for inhibiting bacteriophage proliferation, and they also identify a novel gene, orf17, which appears to be important for phage DNA replication. Furthermore, these results indicate that although the actual mechanisms of DNA replication are very similar, if not identical, for all four phages, expression of the replication genes is significantly different in each case.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been recent concern about long-term morbidity associated with arthroscopic co-planing of the acromioclavicular joint in the treatment of impingement syndrome. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the results of the co-planing procedure, special attention being paid to acromioclavicular joint morbidity. METHODS The study included 56 patients who were operated on by the senior author. Outcomes were evaluated both objectively and subjectively through physical examinations and telephone surveying. Each patient had subacromial decompression at the time of the index surgery. Other concomitant arthroscopic procedures included rotator cuff repair and labral debridement or repair. RESULTS Average follow-up was 4 years (range, 2-7 years). Thirty-five (95%) of 37 patients had no subjective pain and no objective tenderness to direct palpation or compression of the acromioclavicular joint. The joint was not clinically hypermobile in comparison with that on the opposite side in any patient. In all, 95% of patients had good or excellent results in terms of the University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Score. Of the 2 patients who did have pain and tenderness at the acromioclavicular joint, both had had multiple operations on their shoulders before the index procedure. Nineteen patients were not examined clinically but did complete a telephone survey; these 19 patients were not symptomatic at the acromioclavicular joint. CONCLUSIONS To fully treat impingement syndrome, the surgeon should remove osteophytes under the lateral clavicle and medial acromion. With good technique, the surgeon can leave the anterior, posterior, and superior acromioclavicular joint capsule intact. We conclude that for appropriate clinical indications, beveling the inferior 20% to 25% of the clavicle to make it co-planar with the decompressed acromion is safe and is not an etiologic factor in acromioclavicular joint pain or instability.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Warfarin use is complicated by an erratic dose response. Interpatient variability associated with warfarin therapy may be partly attributable to polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) complex. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the frequency and influence of CYP polymorphisms on warfarin dosing in our patient population. METHODS Patients receiving warfarin therapy were recruited from the inpatient divisions of our hospital. Genotyping for known polymorphic alleles of the CYP subfamilies CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C9*3) and CYP2A6 (CYP2A6*1, CYP2A6*2) with the use of standard methods of polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed. An unpaired t test was used to statistically compare genotypes. RESULTS Genotype frequency in 38 patients is as follows: CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*1, 71%; CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*2, 21%; CYP2C9*2/CYP2C9*2, 3%; CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*3, 5%; CYP2A6*1/CYP2A6*1, 95%; CYP2A6*1/CYP2A6*2, 5%. Compared to a wild-type genotype, the presence of the CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, or CYP2A6*2 allele was associated with a significant reduction in weekly warfarin dose (mean weekly warfarin dose [+/- SE] for wild-type genotype was 0.397 +/- 0.024 mg/kg/wk vs 0.307 +/- 0.03 mg/kg/wk for carriers of CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, or CYP2A6*2 polymorphism; P =.03). CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms that impair warfarin metabolism are common, occurring in 34% of patients, and are associated with increased warfarin sensitivity. The use of genotypic information to prescribe more accurate doses of warfarin may increase the safety and efficacy of this medication.
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Quantification of Clostridium botulinum toxin gene expression by competitive reverse transcription-PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:1423-8. [PMID: 10742222 PMCID: PMC92003 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.4.1423-1428.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/1999] [Accepted: 01/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum produces a characteristic botulinum neurotoxin which can cause an often fatal neuroparalytic condition known as botulism. Although food-borne botulism is rare, critical screening by food companies is necessary to ensure that food products are safe. At present, the food industry assesses the risks of botulinum neurotoxin production by challenge testing to check any new food products and to check the efficacy of new storage regimes. Challenge testing involves artificial introduction of defined strains of microorganisms into food, and microbial growth and possible toxin production are then monitored. Botulinum toxin is normally analyzed by using the mouse bioassay. However, the mouse bioassay is expensive, slow, and politically sensitive because of animal rights issues. In this paper we describe adaptation of a new assay, competitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), to monitor botulinum neurotoxin production. This method accurately measures the level of toxin-encoding mRNA in C. botulinum cells. Measurement of mRNA should provide a good indication of gene expression as mRNA is turned over rapidly in bacterial cells. In addition, the method is rapid, specific, and sensitive. The competitive RT-PCR method was developed to examine C. botulinum E VH toxin gene expression and was used to investigate the level of toxin production by C. botulinum E VH when the organism was grown in two different types of broth. The results which we obtained with the competitive RT-PCR method demonstrated that this method is more rapid and more sensitive than the mouse bioassay.
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Abstract
Idiopathic central hypoventilation has occasionally been reported in previously well children after infancy. The relationship between this late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome (LO-CHS) and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) has not been established. Both CCHS and LO-CHS have been associated with neural crest tumors, such as ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma, and they generally occur in the presence of a histologically normal central nervous system. At least 10 case reports of idiopathic LO-CHS featured evidence of hypothalamic dysfunction (HD), including hyperphagia, hypersomnolence, thermal dysregulation, emotional lability, and endocrinopathies. We report on a case of LO-CHS/HD successfully treated by nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). Despite the commonalties with CCHS, we propose that LO-CHS/HD is a distinct clinical syndrome. In addition to the markedly different age at presentation, features of hypothalamic dysfunction are not seen in CCHS. Review of the literature was undertaken to further clarify the full spectrum of the disease.
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