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Kumar A, Upadhyay SN, Mishra PK, Mondal MK. Multivariable modeling, optimization and experimental study of Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution using peanut shell biochar. Environ Res 2022; 215:114287. [PMID: 36087774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peanut shell biomass was selected and utilized to produce biochar through pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere at 923 K. After studying various effects of experimental parameters and by statistical modeling and optimization by RSM using Box-Benken design, optimized conditions of pH 2.0 ± 0.1, temperature 303 K, and adsorbent dose used of 2.5 g L-1 were obtained giving almost 99.99% removal for Cr(VI) from the solution. FESEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, EDX, elemental mapping, and pHzpc were used for the evaluation of the surface characteristics of peanut shell biochar (PSB). Studies revealed C-O, C-H, CO, and O-H functional groups' presence with the help of FTIR, majorly in control of adsorption mechanism and the EDX confirmed the presence of Cr(VI) onto peanut shell biochar (PSB). Further adsorption mechanism for Cr(VI) adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order rate with adsorption capacity of 29.38 mg g-1 given by the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic study confirmed the exothermic and spontaneous nature of the process for Cr(VI) adsorption onto PSB. The adsorption mechanism showed electrostatic attraction, reduction, and complexation mainly responsible for Cr(VI) adsorption by PSB. Thus, PSB effectively removes Cr(VI) is confirmed by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Monoj Kumar Mondal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Kumar M, Shukla SK, Upadhyay SN, Mishra PK. Analysis of thermal degradation of banana (Musa balbisiana) trunk biomass waste using iso-conversional models. Bioresour Technol 2020; 310:123393. [PMID: 32334359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The thermo-chemical characterization (proximate and ultimate analyses and higher heating value) of banana trunk biomass waste has been carried out. The thermo-gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) investigations have been made at heating rates of 10, 15, 20 and 25 °C/min. The TGA data have been used to carry out kinetic analysis and evaluate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters using iso-conversional models. The values of activation energy increase with conversion (α) irrespective of the iso-conversional model used. The average values of activation energies (Eα) are found to be 386.21, 355.43, 385.77, 355.01, 379.67, and 292.78 kJ/mol for Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Starink, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Tang, Vyzovkin and Vyzovkin AIC model, respectively. The average values of change in enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy have been calculated. The reaction mechanisms of pyrolysis have been predicted using Criado's method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Shukla
- Department of Transport Science & Technology, School of Engineering & Technology, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar M, Upadhyay SN, Mishra PK. Effect of Montmorillonite clay on pyrolysis of paper mill waste. Bioresour Technol 2020; 307:123161. [PMID: 32217435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The thermal degradation of paper mill waste (PMW) has been investigated in presence and absence of Montmorillonite clay in the temperature range of ambient to 1000 °C and at the heating rates of 20 °C/min, 25 °C/min and 30 °C/min. Proximate and ultimate analyses and evaluation of calorific value (HHV) of PMW have been carried out using standard protocols. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) data obtained under both situations have been used to evaluate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and elucidate the reaction mechanism. The clay has also been characterized using TGA/DTG analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. The activation energy, pre-exponential factor and thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated using the model-free iso-conversional method of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Vyazovkin and the distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The Montmorillonite clay has influenced the degradation process appreciably through its catalytic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kumar M, Sabbarwal S, Mishra PK, Upadhyay SN. Thermal degradation kinetics of sugarcane leaves (Saccharum officinarum L) using thermo-gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric studies. Bioresour Technol 2019; 279:262-270. [PMID: 30735936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) leaves (SCL) has been investigated using DTA/TGA and DSC techniques. Proximate and ultimate analyses and calorific value measurement have been carried out using standard protocols. The sugar cane leaves contain 44% cellulose, 22% hemicellulose and 17% lignin. The pyrolysis have been carried out at six heating rates varying from 5 to 40 °C/min. Analysis of the pyrolysis results has been carried using iso-conversional model free methods as well as multiple linear regression method. For the fractional conversion range of 0.05-0.95, the average apparent activation energy values evaluated from iso-conversional methods have ranged from 214.9 to 239.6 kJ/mol where as in the case of multiple linear regression analysis it has ranged from 25.06 to 57.23 kJ/mol. The multi-step reaction mechanism has been investigated using the Criado method. The results of this study are useful for the design of large scale biomass thermal conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shivesh Sabbarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Kushwaha D, Upadhyay SN, Mishra PK. Growth of Cyanobacteria: Optimization for Increased Carbohydrate Content. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:1247-1262. [PMID: 28986746 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Growths of Lyngbya limnetica and Oscillatoria obscura were investigated at varying pH, light intensity, temperature, and trace element concentration with a view to optimize these parameters for obtaining the maximum carbohydrate content. The maximum growth for both strains was obtained at pH 9.0 and temperature 20 ± 3 °C using a light intensity of 68.0 μmol m-2 s-1 with continuous shaking. Growth under the nitrogen starvation condition affected the carbohydrate content more compared to the phosphorus starvation, and maximum concentrations were found as 0.660 and 0.621 g/g of dry biomass for L. limnetica and O. obscura, respectively. Under the optimized nitrogen-rich conditions, the specific growth rates for the two strains were found to be 0.187 and 0.215 day-1, respectively. The two-stage growth studies under nitrogen-rich (stage I) followed by nitrogen starvation (stage II) conditions were performed, and maximum biomass and carbohydrate productivity were found as 0.088 and 0.423 g L-1 day-1 for L. limnetica. This is the first ever attempt to evaluate and optimize various parameters affecting the growth of cyanobacterial biomass of L. limnetica and O. obscura as well as their carbohydrate contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Singh K, Giri BS, Sahi A, Geed SR, Kureel MK, Singh S, Dubey SK, Rai BN, Kumar S, Upadhyay SN, Singh RS. Biofiltration of xylene using wood charcoal as the biofilter media under transient and high loading conditions. Bioresour Technol 2017; 242:351-358. [PMID: 28284446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of wood charcoal as biofilter media under transient and high loading condition. Biofiltration of xylene was investigated for 150days in a laboratory scale unit packed with wood charcoal and inoculated with mixed microbial culture at the xylene loading rates ranged from 12 to 553gm-3h-1. The kinetic analysis of the xylene revealed absence of substrate inhibition and possibility of achieving higher elimination under optimum condition. The pH, temperature, pressure drop and CO2 production rate were regularly monitored during the experiments. Throughout experimental period, the removal efficiency (RE) was found to be in the range of 65-98.7% and the maximum elimination capacity (EC) was 405.7gm-3h-1. Molecular characterization results show Bacillus sp. as dominating microbial group in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amrita Sahi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S K Dubey
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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Narang S, Mehta R, Upadhyay SN. Solvent-free cycloaddition of CO 2 and propylene oxide to cyclic carbonates using different ligand metal complexes. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2016.1228673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Narang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev Mehta
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Narang S, Berek D, Upadhyay SN, Mehta R. Effect of electron density on the catalysts for copolymerization of propylene oxide and CO2. J Polym Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-0994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Narang S, Mehta R, Berek D, Upadhyay SN. Copolymerization of propylene oxide and CO 2using achiral salophen Co(III) penta-florobenzoate as catalyst and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide as co-catalyst. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2016.1151649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Narang S, Macova E, Berek D, Upadhyay SN, Mehta R. Synthesis of poly(propylene carbonate) from highly active, inexpensive achiral (Salph)Co(III)X as initiator and bis(triphenyl phosphine) iminium as co-initiator. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Narang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Thapar University; Patiala- 147004 Punjab India
| | - Eva Macova
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; 84541 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Dušan Berek
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; 84541 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - S. N. Upadhyay
- DAE Raja Ramanna Fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology; IIT(BHU) Varanasi; Varanasi- 221005 UP India
| | - Rajeev Mehta
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Thapar University; Patiala- 147004 Punjab India
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. N. Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, UP, India
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Maya K, Upadhyay SN, Singh RS, Dubey SK. Degradation kinetics of chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) by fungal communities. Bioresour Technol 2012; 126:216-223. [PMID: 23073111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungal isolates obtained from soil were used for degrading chlorpyrifos (CP) and TCP. The percentage degradation ranged from 69.4 to 89.8 for CP and 62.2 to 92.6 for TCP after one week. The values of K(s) and V(max) were different for different isolates. The K(s) ranged from 66.66 to 169.5mg/L and V(max) from 6.56 to 40.4 mg/L/d for CP and from 53.19 to 163.9 mg/L and 3.41 to 40.40 mg/L/d, respectively, for TCP. Fungal community showed high affinity for both CP and TCP. The genetic relatedness of isolate F1 to Aspergillus sp., F2 and F3 to Penicillium sp., F4 to Eurotium sp. and F5 to Emericella sp. were confirmed. The degradation potential was in the order: F1>F2=F3>F4>F5.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maya
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Singla P, Mehta R, Berek D, Upadhyay SN. Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Poly(lactic acid) and its Characterization using Size Exclusion Chromatography. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2012.722858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Birla A, Singh B, Upadhyay SN, Sharma YC. Kinetics studies of synthesis of biodiesel from waste frying oil using a heterogeneous catalyst derived from snail shell. Bioresour Technol 2012; 106:95-100. [PMID: 22206916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Waste frying oil was used to produce biodiesel using calcined snail shell as a heterogeneous base catalyst. Trans esterification reactions were carried out and the yield and conversion of the product were optimized by varying the methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and time. A biodiesel conversion of 99.58% was obtained with a yield of 87.28%. The reaction followed first order kinetics. The activation energy (E(A)) was 79kJ/mol and the frequency factor (A) was 2.98×10(10)min(-1). The fuel properties of the biodiesel were measured according to ASTM D 6751 and found to be within the specifications. Snail shell is a novel source for the production of heterogeneous base catalyst that can be successfully utilized for synthesis of biodiesel of high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Birla
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Sharma YC, Uma, Upadhyay SN. An economically viable removal of methylene blue by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from rice husk. CAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shukla AK, Singh RS, Upadhyay SN, Dubey SK. Substrate inhibition during bio-filtration of TCE using diazotrophic bacterial community. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:3561-3563. [PMID: 20952189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of biodegradation of TCE in the biofilter packed with wood charcoal and inoculated with diazotrophic bacterial community had been investigated. Use of Michaelis-Menten type model showed that substrate inhibition was present in the system. The kinetic model proposed by Edwards (1970) was used to calculate kinetic parameters-maximum elimination capacity (EC(max)), substrate constant (K(s)), and inhibition constant (K(I)). The model fitted well with the experimental data and the EC(max) was found to be in the range of 10.8-6.1 g/m(3) h. The K(s) values depended upon substrate concentration and ranged from 0.024 to 0.043 g/m(3) indicating the high affinity of diazotrophs for TCE. The K(I) values were low and nearly constant (0.011-0.015 g/m(3)) indicating a moderate substrate inhibition.
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Abstract
A unilateral non-metastatic embryonal carcinoma and teratoma of the testis was observed in a 12-week-old Swiss Albino mouse at the end of a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study. The teratocarcinoma almost completely replaced the parenchyma of the left testis. The tumor was composed of sheets and rosettes of primitive embryonal cells, anaplastic cells, skeletal muscle tissue, sebaceous gland tissue, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and ciliated cuboidal epithelium. The histomorphological characteristics of the tumor were reviewed and presented in this report. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous teratocarcinoma of testis in the Swiss Albino strain of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Jamadagni
- National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - P. S. Jamadagni
- National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S. N. Upadhyay
- National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S. N. Gaidhani
- National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - J. Hazra
- National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Shukla AK, Singh RS, Upadhyay SN, Dubey SK. Kinetics of bio-filtration of trichloroethylene by methanotrophs in presence of methanol. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:8119-8126. [PMID: 20594824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of TCE was studied in a laboratory scale biofilter packed with wood charcoal and inoculated with mixed culture of methanotrophs isolated from local soil. The removal efficiency was found to be higher than 90% up to an inlet load of 5.1g/m(3)h. The maximum elimination capacity was 6.7g/m(3)h at an inlet loading rate of 11.3g/m(3)h. The reaction constants EC(max,)K(s) and K(i) calculated from the experimental results are also presented. The biodegradation process is found to be inhibited at higher TCE concentration. The carbon dioxide production rate has been found to be a linear function of elimination capacity. The DNA finger printing techniques has indicated the presence of functionally active methanotrophic community including Methylocystis sp. in the biofilter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh K Shukla
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Singh K, Singh RS, Rai BN, Upadhyay SN. Biofiltration of toluene using wood charcoal as the biofilter media. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:3947-3951. [PMID: 20137916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory scale biofilter inoculated with Pseudomonas putida (MTCC 102) was used for degradation of toluene present in air. Wood charcoal was used as the filter media and a layer of glass beads (6mm) was used for improved air distribution. The biofilter was operated continuously for a period of 5months at four different flow rates - 0.06, 0.12, 0.18, and 0.24m(3)h(-1), with inlet concentration of toluene ranging from 0.04 to 4.5gm(-3). Air having toluene vapor was fed to the biofilter at various loadings ranging from 30.6 to 1104.5gm(-3)h(-1). The removal efficiency was obtained in the range of 70-99.5%. The maximum elimination capacity of 872.5gm(-3)h(-1) was observed at the inlet load of 1104.5gm(-3)h(-1). Wood charcoal was found to an effective biofilter media for toluene biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
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Shukla AK, Vishwakarma P, Singh RS, Upadhyay SN, Dubey SK. Bio-filtration of trichloroethylene using diazotrophic bacterial community. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:2126-2133. [PMID: 19962302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of TCE was studied in a biofilter packed with wood charcoal and inoculated with diazotrophic bacterial community isolated from local soil. Steady state TCE removal efficiencies higher than 85% were observed up to inlet load of 2.866 g m(-3) h(-1). The maximum elimination capacity of 5.31 g m(-3) h(-1) was observed at an inlet load of more than 7.90 g m(-3) h(-1). The biofilter was sensitive to fluctuations in the process conditions but could easily recover its performance after 10 days shutdown. Almost constant and small pressure drop per unit length and very negligible compaction was observed during the whole experimental period. The molecular analyses such as RT-PCR and gene sequencing revealed the presence of functionally active Azospirillum species in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh K Shukla
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Abstract
The ability of reverse micelles to solvate organic dyes in the aqueous core was investigated with methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) surfactants in a polar amyl alcohol medium. The removal trend of the dyes from water was studied with different concentrations of the dyes. The effects of NaCl and CaCl2 salts on removal efficiency of the surfactants were investigated and results were compared. It was observed that the separation of dyes from the aqueous phase to the organic phase depends on the electrostatic interaction between the dye molecule and surfactant head groups. In the case of NaCl, with increasing salt concentration, the removal (%) of dye decreases. For CaCl2, removal of methyl orange shows a gradual increase with increasing dye concentration, whereas, for methylene blue, its removal decreases with increasing dye concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Majhi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Botany, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Shukla AK, Vishwakarma P, Upadhyay SN, Tripathi AK, Prasana HC, Dubey SK. Biodegradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) by methanotrophic community. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:2469-2474. [PMID: 19157866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory incubation experiments were carried out to assess the potential of methanotrophic culture for degrading TCE. Measurements of the growth rate and TCE degradation showed that the methanotrophs not only grew in presence of TCE but also degraded TCE. The rate of TCE degradation was found to be 0.19 ppm h(-1). The reverse transcriptase-PCR test was conducted to quantify expression of pmoA and mmoX genes. RT-PCR revealed expression of pmoA gene only. This observation provides evidence that the pmoA gene was functionally active for pMMO enzyme during the study. The diversity of the methanotrophs involved in TCE degradation was assessed by PCR amplification, cloning, restriction fragment length polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis of pmoA genes. Results suggested the occurrence of nine different phylotypes belonging to Type II methanotrophs in the enriched cultures. Out of the nine, five clustered with, genera Methylocystis and rest got clustered in to a separate group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh K Shukla
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Kumar V, Upadhyay SN. Convective-diffusive mass transfer of agonist and the intracellular calcium response of endothelial cell. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 101:843-9. [PMID: 18814294 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell layer regulates several crucial physiological processes of the vascular system. The mechanism of the response of this cell layer to the flow of surrounding fluid is still largely unclear. In the present article, a comparison of the available experimental results for the intracellular calcium ion concentration and theoretical results for the extra-cellular ATP concentration obtained using a convective-diffusive mass transfer model, has been made which supports the mass transfer model for the endothelial cell response to the fluid flow. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the calculated values assuming the effect of ATP concentration alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. C. Sharma
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India, and Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Hsu Township, Kaohsiung 84008, Taiwan
| | - V. Srivastava
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India, and Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Hsu Township, Kaohsiung 84008, Taiwan
| | - S. N. Upadhyay
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India, and Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Hsu Township, Kaohsiung 84008, Taiwan
| | - C. H. Weng
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India, and Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Hsu Township, Kaohsiung 84008, Taiwan
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Sanghamitra S, Hazra J, Upadhyay SN, Singh RK, Amal RC. Arsenic induced toxicity on testicular tissue of mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 52:84-90. [PMID: 18831356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Effect of arsenic was studied on the testicular tissue of Swiss albino mice. Sodium-meta-arsenite (NaAsO2) was administered to adult mice (25 +/- 30 g) at a dose level of 30 mg/L and 40 mg/L through drinking water for 30, 45 and 60 days. After the treatment, the testicular organ was removed, weighed and processed for histopathological observation. No change in the body weight was recorded in treated groups after arsenic exposure but significant decrease in the relative testicular weight was observed in comparison with the control. The result showed that arsenic-treated mice exhibited dose dependent gradual reductions in seminiferous tubular diameter and various gametogenic cell population i.e. resting spermatocyte, pachytene spermatocyte and step-7-spermatid except spermatogonia. Leydig cell atrophy was significantly increased in dose dependent manner indicating a definite effect of arsenic on the spermatogenesis in mice. These observations were supported by gradual reduction in Leydig cell population in the above treated groups. In conclusion, the above results confirm the toxic effect of arsenic in testis of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarkar Sanghamitra
- Industrial Toxicology Division, Regional Occupational Health Centre (E), Indian Council of Medical Research, Block DP, Sector V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata--700 091
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Banik RM, Santhiagu A, Upadhyay SN. Optimization of nutrients for gellan gum production by Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC-31461 in molasses based medium using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:792-7. [PMID: 16707262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A molasses based medium for the production of gellan by Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC-31461 was developed. Placket-Burman design criterion was applied to study the effect of various nutrient supplements on gellan production using molasses. Among the 20 variables tested, molasses, tryptone, casaminoacid, disodium hydrogen orthophosphate and manganese chloride showed significant effect on gellan production. A central composite design was applied to determine the optimum concentrations of the significant variables obtained from Placket-Burman design. Most suitable medium composition for production of gellan was (g/l): molasses-112.5; tryptone-1; casaminoacid-1; disodium hydrogen orthophosphate-1; manganese chloride-0.947 and the optimum gellan production was 13.814 g/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Banik
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Singh RS, Agnihotri SS, Upadhyay SN. Removal of toluene vapour using agro-waste as biofilter media. Bioresour Technol 2006; 97:2296-301. [PMID: 16516463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of toluene vapour was investigated in a laboratory scale biofilter packed with cylindrical pieces of yellow-gram (Cajanus cajan) stalk. Inlet concentrations and volumetric flow rates of toluene were varied from 2.56 to 34.73 g/m3 and 0.18 to 0.24 m3/h, respectively. The steady state was achieved within seven days and the degradation of toluene followed an exponential behaviour with time. Elimination capacity increased and tended towards a constant value but removal efficiency decreased with increase in inlet toluene loading. Depending upon loading rate, the process was either mass transfer or reaction-controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Abstract
Biodegradation of toluene vapour was investigated for 162 days in a laboratory scale biofilter packed with maize waste. Inlet concentration of toluene was varied from 2.86 to 5.79 g m(-3) and the volumetric flow rate of toluene loaded air from 0.09 to 0.3 m3 h(-1). The media bed height used in the study was 0.63 m. Plug flow behaviour of the bed was confirmed by RTD experiments. The steady state was achieved in 18 days. Depending upon initial loading rates, removal efficiency ranging from 54.5 to 85.3% and elimination capacity ranging from 43.47 to 174.6 g h(-1) m(-3) were observed during steady state operation. The dynamic behaviour of the biofilter was evident from response to change in process conditions. The stability of the biomass was evident from the fast response of the biofilter to shutdown and restart operations. High value of carbon recovery confirms the effective biodegradation in the biofilter. In the startup period, the pressure drop in the bed increased for some time after that it tended towards a constant value.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi-221005, India
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Jani D, Singh NK, Bhattacharya S, Meena LS, Singh Y, Upadhyay SN, Sharma AK, Tyagi AK. Studies on the immunogenic potential of plant-expressed cholera toxin B subunit. Plant Cell Rep 2004; 22:471-7. [PMID: 14517689 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2003] [Revised: 08/15/2003] [Accepted: 08/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun was transformed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a gene encoding the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) of Vibrio cholerae, modified to contain a sequence coding for an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (SEKDEL), under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Total protein from the transgenic leaf tissue was isolated and an aliquot containing 5 microg recombinant CTB was injected intradermally into Balb/c (H2K(d)) mice. CTB-specific serum IgG was detected in animals that had been administered plant-expressed or native purified CTB. A T-cell proliferation study using splenocytes and cytokine estimations in supernatants generated by in vitro stimulation of macrophages isolated from the immuno-primed animals was carried out. Inhibition of proliferation of T lymphocytes was observed in splenic T lymphocytes isolated from animals injected with either native or plant-expressed CTB. Macrophages isolated from mice immunised with native or plant-expressed CTB showed enhanced secretion of interleukin-10 but secretion of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha was inhibited. These studies suggest that plant-expressed protein behaved like native CTB with regards to effects on T-cell proliferation and cytokine levels, indicating the suitability of plant expression systems for the production of bacterial antigens, which could be used as edible vaccine. The transgene was found to be inherited in the progeny and was expressed to yield a pentameric form of CTB as evident by its interaction with G(M1) ganglioside.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jani
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, 110021 New Delhi, India
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Upadhyay SN. Effect of gamma-irradiation on H3 histone and DNA in solution. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2001; 38:406-11. [PMID: 11989671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Three methods, namely, absorbance of colour by reaction with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, UV absorbance and fluorescence intensity measurements for detection of H3 histone in 0.15 M standard saline citrate (SSC) solution were compared. Maximum sensitivity was found with the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Effect of varying pH and of gamma- radiation on H3 histone and on interaction of H3 histone with DNA were studied. For this, solutions of H3 histone in SSC, in 0.9% NaCl, H3 histone + DNA in 0.9% NaCl were subjected to varying pH (1-10) and gamma- radiation (dose 10-50 Gy) and lambda(max) and Alambda(max) were monitored. From the molar ratios of histone and DNA in the complex, it was observed that at gamma -radiation dose of 50 Gy and pH 8.54, there was a depletion of 6-8 microg/ml of histone from the histone-DNA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Upadhyay
- Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi
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Abstract
A microbial biosensor was developed for monitoring microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metallic materials in industrial systems. The Pseudomonas sp. isolated from corroded metal surface was immobilized on acetylcellulose membrane and its respiratory activity was estimated by measuring oxygen consumption. The microbial biosensor was used for the measurement of sulfuric acid in a batch culture medium contaminated by microorganisms. A linear relationship between the microbial sensor response and the concentration of sulfuric acid was observed. The response time of biosensor was 5 min and was dependent on the immobilized cell loading of Pseudomonas sp., pH, temperature and corrosive environments. The microbial biosensor response was stable, reproducible and specific for sensing of sulfur oxidizing bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Dubey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Agarwal P, Yadav RP, Upadhyay SN. A new method of detection and differentiation of pathogenic from non-pathogenic Aspergillus species. J Med Microbiol 2001; 50:653-4. [PMID: 11444778 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-50-7-653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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41
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Furmanowa M, Gajdzis-Kuls D, Ruszkowska J, Czarnocki Z, Obidoska G, Sadowska A, Rani R, Upadhyay SN. In vitro propagation of Withania somnifera and isolation of withanolides with immunosuppressive activity. Planta Med 2001; 67:146-149. [PMID: 11301861 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-11494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera plantlets were produced in vitro from the shoot-tip of aseptically germinated seedlings. Culture conditions were optimized using different plant growth regulators which gave rise to 120 shoots from a single bud. The plantlets were then transferred to pots and maintained in greenhouse for 4 months. 90% of these in vitro propagated plantlets survived and showed normal growth. Leaves from these plants were used for isolation of the withanolides. Methanolic extract of leaves from plantlets growing in tissue culture and those transferred to the greenhouse were evaluated for immunomodulatory activity. While the extract from greenhouse samples showed potent immunosuppressive activity, those from tissue cultures samples did not show any activity. Fractionation and characterization of withanolides, using HPLC, NMR, MS methods revealed the presence of withaferin A in the greenhouse samples. Our results indicate that Withania species may require longer time and better differentiation and also natural environment for the production of withaferin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furmanowa
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Arora MK, Sahu N, Upadhyay SN, Sinha ASK. Alumina-Supported Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water: Role of Dissolved Ammonia in the Impregnating Solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ie980637f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjit K. Arora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Namita Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S. N. Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - A. S. K. Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Arora MK, Sahu N, Upadhyay SN, Sinha ASK. Activity of Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water: Role of Support. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ie980400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjit K. Arora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Namita Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S. N. Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - A. S. K. Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Jaiswal AK, Upadhyay SN, Satyan KS, Bhattacharya SK. Comparative effects of prenatal and postnatal undernutrition on learning and memory in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1999; 37:17-22. [PMID: 10355360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pre- and post-natal undernutrition on learning and memory parameters were studied in albino rats. Prenatal undernutrition was induced in rat pups by restricting the mother's diet by 50% during the entire gestation period, whereas postnatal undernutrition was induced in rat pups by restriction of their diet by rotating them between lactating and non-lactating maternalised females for 12 hr each day during suckling period from 2nd day to 18th day after birth. At 2.5 to 3 months of age all the rat offsprings were subjected to (i) original and reversal discrimination learning, (ii) passive avoidance, and (iii) active avoidance and its retention tests. The results indicate that both pre- and post-natal undernutrition in rat pups caused significant deficits in original and reversal discrimination learning, retention of passive avoidance after one week retention interval, and retention of active of avoidance learning. However, both pre- and post-natal undernutrition did not show significant effect on acquisition of active avoidance and retention of passive avoidance after 24 hr retention interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Sahu N, Arora MK, Upadhyay SN, Sinha ASK. Phase Transformation and Activity of Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water: Role of Adsorbed Ammonia on Cadmium Sulfate Precursor. Ind Eng Chem Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ie980237s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Namita Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Manjit K. Arora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S. N. Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - A. S. K. Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjit K. Arora
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - A. S. K. Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S. N. Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Garg S, Talwar GP, Upadhyay SN. Immunocontraceptive activity guided fractionation and characterization of active constituents of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 60:235-246. [PMID: 9613837 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for immunocontraception by intervention of local cell mediated immunity in the reproductive system by using single intrauterine application of neem oil has been described earlier. The reversible block in fertility was reported to last for 107-180 days in female Wistar rats (Upadhyay et al., 1990. Antifertility effects of neem oil by single intrauterine administration: A novel method of contraception. Proceedings Of The Royal Society Of London B 242, 175-180) and 7-11 months in monkeys (Upadhyay et al., 1994. Long term contraceptive effects of intrauterine neem treatment (IUNT) in bonnet monkeys: An alternative to intrauterine contraceptive devices. Contraception 49, 161-167). The present study, describes the identification and characterization of the biologically active fraction from neem seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Family Meliaceae), responsible for the above activity in adult female Wistar rats. Initial studies with the mechanically extracted oil and solvent extracts of neem seeds have revealed that the antifertility activity was present in constituents of low to intermediate polarity. A hexane extract of neem seeds was reported to be biologically active (Garg et al., 1994. Comparison of extraction procedures on the immunocontraceptive activity of neem seed extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 22, 87-92). Subsequently, hexane extract was sequentially fractionated through the last active fraction using various separation techniques and tested for antifertility activity at each step. Preparative HPLC was used for isolating individual components of the active fraction in quantities, sufficient for characterization. An analytical HPLC method was developed for standardization of the fraction. The active fraction was identified to be a mixture of six components, which comprises of saturated, mono and di-unsaturated free fatty acids and their methyl esters. Dose response study was performed with the last active fractions. The antifertility activity with the active fraction was reversible in nature and it was completely active until 5% concentration. There was no systemic toxic effect following the administration of the active fraction. This study, for the first time, proposes an active fraction from neem seeds, responsible for long term and reversible blocking of fertility after a single intrauterine administration with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Garg
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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48
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Arora MK, Sinha ASK, Upadhyay SN. Effect of Dispersion and Distribution on Activity of Alumina-Supported Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water. Ind Eng Chem Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ie970477s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjit K. Arora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - A. S. K. Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S. N. Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Upadhyay SN, Sharma A, Nagpal KK, Saini SK. Effects of Gamma Radiation on the concentration of 5 Hydroxy L Tryptophan and 5 Hydroxytryptamine in presence of Radioprotector in Sprague Dawley Rats. DEFENCE SCI J 1997. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.47.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Jaiswal AK, Upadhyay SN, Satyan KS, Bhattacharya SK. Behavioural effects of prenatal and postnatal undernutrition in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1996; 34:1216-9. [PMID: 9246914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pre- and post-natal undernutrition on anxiety and depression paradigms were studied in albino rats. Prenatal undernutrition was induced in rat pups by restricting the dam's daily food during the gestation period whereas postnatal undernutrition in rat pups was induced by rotating them between lactating and non-lactating maternalised females daily for 12 hr during suckling period from 2nd to 18th day after birth. At 2.5 to 3 months of age all the rat pups were subjected to (i) elevated plus maze behaviour, (ii) open-field behaviour, and (iii) swimming induced behavioural despair tests. The results indicate that postnatal undernutrition caused significantly increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze as well as in open-field behaviour tests. Whereas prenatal undernourishment caused lesser degree of anxiogenic behaviours in the elevated plus maze test. Prenatally undernourished rats showed increased anxiety in the open-field behaviour test. Both, pre- and post-natal undernutrition also lead to increased depressive behaviour in the behavioural despair test and postnatal undernourishment caused greater degree of behavioural despair.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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