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Woudstra S, Wente N, Zhang Y, Leimbach S, Gussmann MK, Kirkeby C, Krömker V. Strain diversity and infection durations of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. causing intramammary infections in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4214-4231. [PMID: 37080785 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
To effectively prevent and control bovine mastitis, farmers and their advisors need to take infection pathways and durations into account. Still, studies exploring both aspects through molecular epidemiology with sampling of entire dairy cow herds over longer periods are scarce. Therefore, quarter foremilk samples were collected at 14-d intervals from all lactating dairy cows (n = 263) over 18 wk in one commercial dairy herd. Quarters were considered infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, or Streptococcus dysgalactiae when ≥100 cfu/mL of the respective pathogen was detected, or with Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus haemolyticus when ≥500 cfu/mL of the respective pathogen was detected. All isolates of the mentioned species underwent randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR to explore strain diversity and to distinguish ongoing from new infections. Survival analysis was used to estimate infection durations. Five different strains of Staph. aureus were isolated, and the most prevalent strain caused more than 80% of all Staph. aureus infections (n = 46). In contrast, 46 Staph. epidermidis and 69 Staph. haemolyticus strains were isolated, and none of these caused infections in more than 2 different quarters. The 3 most dominant strains of Strep. dysgalactiae (7 strains) and Strep. uberis (18 strains) caused 81% of 33 and 49% of 37 infections in total, respectively. The estimated median infection duration for Staph. aureus was 80 d, and that for Staph. epidermidis and Staph. haemolyticus was 28 and 22 d, respectively. The probability of remaining infected with Strep. dysgalactiae or Strep. uberis for more than 84 and 70 d was 58.7 and 53.5%, respectively. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staph. haemolyticus were not transmitted contagiously and the average infection durations were short, which brings into question whether antimicrobial treatment of intramammary infections with these organisms is justified. In contrast, infections with the other 3 pathogens lasted longer and largely originated from contagious transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Woudstra
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Production, Nutrition and Health, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - N Wente
- Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Faculty II, Department Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, Heisterbergallee 10a, 30453, Hannover, Germany
| | - Y Zhang
- Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Faculty II, Department Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, Heisterbergallee 10a, 30453, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Leimbach
- Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Faculty II, Department Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, Heisterbergallee 10a, 30453, Hannover, Germany
| | - M K Gussmann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Animal Welfare and Disease Control, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - C Kirkeby
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Animal Welfare and Disease Control, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - V Krömker
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Production, Nutrition and Health, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Hansson I, Silvera A, Ren K, Woudstra S, Skarin A, Fikse WF, Nielsen PP, Rönnegård L. Cow characteristics associated with the variation in number of contacts between dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2685-2699. [PMID: 36823010 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In modern freestall barns where large groups of cows are housed together, the behavior displayed by herd mates can influence the welfare and production of other individuals. Therefore, understanding social interactions in groups of dairy cows is important to enhance herd management and optimize the outcomes of both animal health and welfare in the future. Many factors can affect the number of social contacts in a group. This study aimed to identify which characteristics of a cow are associated with the number of contacts it has with other group members in 2 different functional areas (feeding and resting area) to increase our understanding of the social behavior of dairy cows. Inside 2 herds housed in freestall barns with around 200 lactating cows each, cow positions were recorded with an ultra-wideband real-time location system collecting all cows' positions every second over 2 wk. Using the positioning data of the cows, we quantified the number of contacts between them, assuming that cows spending time in proximity to one another (within a distance of 2.5 m for at least 10 min per day) were interacting socially. We documented in which barn areas these interactions occurred and used linear mixed models to investigate if lactation stage, parity, breed, pregnancy status, estrus, udder health, and claw health affect the number of contacts. We found variation in the number of contacts a cow had between individuals in both functional areas. Cows in later lactation had more contacts in the feeding area than cows in early lactation. Furthermore, in one herd, higher parity cows had fewer contacts in the feeding area than first parity cows, and in the other herd, cows in third parity or higher had more contacts in the resting area. This study indicates that cow characteristics such as parity and days in milk are associated with the number of contacts a cow has daily to its herd mates and provides useful information for further research on social interactions of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hansson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Silvera
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Ren
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Woudstra
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - A Skarin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W F Fikse
- Växa, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 26, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P P Nielsen
- RISE Research Institute of Sweden, Division of Bioeconomy and Health, Department of Agriculture and Food, RISE Ideon, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden
| | - L Rönnegård
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden; The Beijer Laboratory for Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dachrodt L, Arndt H, Bartel A, Kellermann LM, Tautenhahn A, Volkmann M, Birnstiel K, Do Duc P, Hentzsch A, Jensen KC, Klawitter M, Paul P, Stoll A, Woudstra S, Zuz P, Knubben G, Metzner M, Müller KE, Merle R, Hoedemaker M. Prevalence of disorders in preweaned dairy calves from 731 dairies in Germany: A cross-sectional study. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9037-9051. [PMID: 33985777 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of disorders in preweaned calves in 3 regions in Germany, exemplary for structural diversity in dairy farming. A farm visit was performed on a single occasion on 731 dairy farms in the northern, eastern, and southern regions of Germany between December 2016 and July 2019. Farms differed in herd size, geographical location, and management. In the northern region, the farms had a median of 90 milking cows and were often run as full-time family businesses, partly with external workers. The eastern region tended to have larger farms (a median of 251 milking cows), which were often large-scale agricultural enterprises with employees. In the southern region, the farms had a median of 39 milking cows and were often traditional family businesses, some of these being part-time businesses. Clinical examinations were performed on 14,164 preweaned dairy calves (median 12 calves per farm) by trained veterinarians. A complete data set was available for 13,656 calves. Almost half (42.0%) of the evaluated calves were classified as being affected by at least 1 of the common calf disorders. Omphalitis (O, 20.9%; n = 2,876) and diarrhea (D, 18.5%; n = 2,670) were the most frequently recorded diagnoses, whereas respiratory diseases (RD) were observed to a lesser extent (8.7%; n = 1,100). A striking feature was the fact that 7.1% (n = 987) of the calves were affected by more than 1 disorder at the same time (multimorbidity, M). The following combinations of disorders were frequently observed: O and D (n = 596), O and RD (n = 164), and D and RD (n = 140). Disorders such as O and D, as well as M, were predominantly observed in calves aged 2 wk. A gradual increase in the frequency of RD was observed with age. For all disorders except RD, male calves were more often affected than females. Omphalitis was predominantly diagnosed in the summer months, whereas RD, D, and M were more common in the fall. We detected several statistically significant differences in the prevalence of clinical signs and disorders in preweaned dairy calves between the 3 exemplary regions. The prevalence of RD was higher in the south (10.8%) than in the north (8.2%) and east (7.4%). In the north (33.2%), O was observed more frequently than in the other regions (east: 18.9%; south: 10.5%), whereas D was found less frequently in the north (13.8%) than in the east (21.6%) and south (20.0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dachrodt
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Arndt
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Bartel
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - L M Kellermann
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - A Tautenhahn
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Volkmann
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - P Do Duc
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Hentzsch
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - K C Jensen
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Klawitter
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Paul
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - A Stoll
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - S Woudstra
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Zuz
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Knubben
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - M Metzner
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - K E Müller
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
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Woudstra S, Bochdanovits Z, van Tol MJ, Veltman DJ, Zitman FG, van Buchem MA, van der Wee NJ, Opmeer EM, Demenescu LR, Aleman A, Penninx BW, Hoogendijk WJ. Piccolo genotype modulates neural correlates of emotion processing but not executive functioning. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e99. [PMID: 22832909 PMCID: PMC3337071 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by affective symptoms and cognitive impairments, which have been associated with changes in limbic and prefrontal activity as well as with monoaminergic neurotransmission. A genome-wide association study implicated the polymorphism rs2522833 in the piccolo (PCLO) gene--involved in monoaminergic neurotransmission--as a risk factor for MDD. However, the role of the PCLO risk allele in emotion processing and executive function or its effect on their neural substrate has never been studied. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate PCLO risk allele carriers vs noncarriers during an emotional face processing task and a visuospatial planning task in 159 current MDD patients and healthy controls. In PCLO risk allele carriers, we found increased activity in the left amygdala during processing of angry and sad faces compared with noncarriers, independent of psychopathological status. During processing of fearful faces, the PCLO risk allele was associated with increased amygdala activation in MDD patients only. During the visuospatial planning task, we found no genotype effect on performance or on BOLD signal in our predefined areas as a function of increasing task load. The PCLO risk allele was found to be specifically associated with altered emotion processing, but not with executive dysfunction. Moreover, the PCLO risk allele appears to modulate amygdala function during fearful facial processing in MDD and may constitute a possible link between genotype and susceptibility for depression via altered processing of fearful stimuli. The current results may therefore aid in better understanding underlying neurobiological mechanisms in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Woudstra
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Z Bochdanovits
- Department of Medical Genomics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M-J van Tol
- BCN Neuroimaging Center and Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F G Zitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M A van Buchem
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N J van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E M Opmeer
- BCN Neuroimaging Center and Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L R Demenescu
- BCN Neuroimaging Center and Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Aleman
- BCN Neuroimaging Center and Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,BCN Neuroimaging Center and Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W J Hoogendijk
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Woudstra S, Jaeqx JTGH. [The post-whiplash syndrome: don't treat, but unravel]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2002; 146:2450; author reply 2450-1. [PMID: 12518526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Woudstra S, Mulders AW, Klaassen CH. [Hyperventilation and prolonged QT interval]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1985; 129:2210-3. [PMID: 4080013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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