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Ammonium recovery from agro-industrial digestate using bioelectrochemical systems. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2432-2441. [PMID: 35486466 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Growing food and biomass production at the global scale has determined a corresponding increase in the demand for and use of nutrients. In this study, the possibility of recovering nitrogen from agro-industrial digestate using bioelectrochemical systems was investigated: two microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) were fed with synthetic and real digestate (2.5 gNH4+-N L-1). Carbon felt and granular graphite were used as anodes in MEC-1 and MEC-2, respectively. As to synthetic wastewater, the optimal nitrogen load (NL) for MEC-1 and -2 was 1.25 and 0.75 gNH4+-N d-1, respectively. MEC-1 showed better performance in terms of NH4+-N removal efficiency (39 ± 2.5%) and recovery rate (up to 70 gNH4+-N m-2d-1), compared to MEC-2 (33 ± 4.7% and up to 30 gN m-2d-1, respectively). At the optimal hydraulic retention time, lower NH4+-N removal efficiencies and recovery rates were observed when real digestate was fed to MEC-1 (29 ± 6.6% and 60 ± 13 gNH4+-N m-2d-1, respectively) and MEC-2 (21 ± 7.9% and 10 ± 3.6 gNH4+-N m-2d-1, respectively), likely due to the higher complexity of the influent. The average energy requirements were 3.6-3.7 kWh kgNremoved-1, comparable with values previously reported in the literature and lower than conventional ammonia recovery processes. Results are promising and may reduce the need for costly and polluting processes for nitrogen synthesis.
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Bioaugmentation-Assisted Phytostabilisation of Abandoned Mine Sites in South West Sardinia. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:310-316. [PMID: 27385370 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation-assisted phytoremediation implies the administration of selected plant growth promoting bacteria, which significantly improve plant growth and sequestration of heavy metals. In this work, 184 bacterial strains associated with roots of Pistacia lentiscus were isolated from plants spontaneously growing in the abandoned Sardinian mining areas (SW Sardinia, Italy) and phylogenetically characterised. Twenty-one bacterial isolates were assayed for properties relevant for plant growth promotion and metal tolerance. Five different strains, belonging to the genera Novosphingobium, Variovorax, Streptomyces, Amycolatopsis, Pseudomonas, were selected based on their properties for the greenhouse phytoremediation tests. Among the tested inocula, the strain Variovorax sp. RA128A, able to produce ACC deaminase and siderophore, was able to significantly enhance germination and increase length and weight of shoots and roots. Irrespective of the applied treatment, mastic shrub was able to accumulate Cd, Pb and Zn especially in roots.
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Start-up of a granular sludge sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenol-contaminated wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2013; 68:2151-2157. [PMID: 24292461 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a granular sludge sequencing batch reactor (GSBR) was started-up for the biological aerobic treatment of wastewater containing highly toxic 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), in presence of readily biodegradable sodium acetate (NaAc) as the growth substrate. Different influent concentrations of NaAc (420-800 mg/L) and 2,4-DCP (0-20 mg/L), as well as different operating conditions (i.e. cycle length), were tested in order to determine the optimal strategy for successful GSBR start-up: stable granulation and complete 2,4-DCP removal were achieved only when high NaAc influent concentration and volumetric organic loading rates (800 mg/L and 1.9 kgCOD/(m(3)·d), respectively), prolonged reaction phase (cycle time of 4 hours) and gradual increase of 2,4-DCP concentration in the influent were applied, thus providing useful information for process optimization in view of future scale-up. Granules were initially colonized by fungi which progressively disappeared during the start-up process, and complete 2,4-DCP removal was mostly due to bacterial activity, in particular Betaproteobacteria, as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
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Biological treatment of nitrogen-rich refinery wastewater by partial nitritation (SHARON) process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2012; 33:1477-1483. [PMID: 22988604 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.660651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater discharges containing high nitrogen levels can be toxic to aquatic life and cause eutrophication. In this study, the application of the SHARON (Single reactor for High activity Ammonium Removal Over Nitrite) process for the treatment of refinery wastewater (sour water) was evaluated, in view of its coupling with the ANAMMOX (ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation) process. A Continuous Flow Stirred Tank Reactor was initially fed with a synthetic medium, and the applied NH4-N concentration and wastewater/synthetic medium ratio were progressively increased up to 2000 mgN/L and 100%, respectively. Despite the high potential toxic effect of the real wastewater, overall SHARON performance did not decrease with the increasing real wastewater/synthetic medium ratio, and biomass showed progressive acclimation to the toxic compounds in the real wastewater, as demonstrated by toxicity assessments. NH4-N and dissolved organic carbon removal efficiency were around 50% and 65%, respectively. Moreover, the effluent was characterized by a NO2-N/NH4-N ratio of 0.9 +/- 0.01 and low nitrate concentration (<30 mgN/L), in line with the requirements for the subsequent treatment by the ANAMMOX process.
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Effects of the cometabolite/growth substrate ratio on the aerobic degradation of 4-monochlorophenol. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2011; 63:311-317. [PMID: 21252436 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated phenolic compounds like 4-monochlorophenol (4CP) are characterized by high toxicity even at relatively low concentrations and by strong persistency in both water and soils. Since cometabolism was proved to enhance 4CP biological removal, a conventional Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) was used in this study for the cometabolic aerobic degradation of 4CP at different influent concentrations and volumetric organic loading rates (40-50 mg/L and 0.129-0.323 kgCOD-4CP/m3·d, respectively), with sodium acetate (NaAc) as the growth substrate. The effects of different 4CP/NaAc ratios on SBR performances were evaluated in terms of 4CP removal efficiencies and maximum specific removal rates in order to maximize reactor performances: a decrease in NaAc dosage as external growth substrate would lead to definitely lower operating costs. A positive correlation was observed between 4CP maximum specific removal rates and the applied 4CP/NaAc ratios, thus making further reduction in NaAc dosage possible.
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Landfill gas generation after mechanical biological treatment of municipal solid waste. Estimation of gas generation rate constants. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 29:1026-1034. [PMID: 18954969 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 07/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) of residual municipal solid waste (RMSW) was investigated with respect to landfill gas generation. Mechanically treated RMSW was sampled at a full-scale plant and aerobically stabilized for 8 and 15 weeks. Anaerobic tests were performed on the aerobically treated waste (MBTW) in order to estimate the gas generation rate constants (k,y(-1)), the potential gas generation capacity (L(o), Nl/kg) and the amount of gasifiable organic carbon. Experimental results show how MBT allowed for a reduction of the non-methanogenic phase and of the landfill gas generation potential by, respectively, 67% and 83% (8 weeks treatment), 82% and 91% (15 weeks treatment), compared to the raw waste. The amount of gasified organic carbon after 8 weeks and 15 weeks of treatment was equal to 11.01+/-1.25kgC/t(MBTW) and 4.54+/-0.87kgC/t(MBTW), respectively, that is 81% and 93% less than the amount gasified from the raw waste. The values of gas generation rate constants obtained for MBTW anaerobic degradation (0.0347-0.0803y(-1)) resemble those usually reported for the slowly and moderately degradable fractions of raw MSW. Simulations performed using a prediction model support the hypothesis that due to the low production rate, gas production from MBTW landfills is well-suited to a passive management strategy.
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Acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge for the degradation of chlorinated phenols. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2008; 58:309-315. [PMID: 18701779 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the possibility to use acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge for the degradation of low chlorinated 4-mono-chlorophenol (4CP) and highly chlorinated 2,4,6-tri- chlorophenol (TCP) was investigated. A Granulated Sequencing Batch Reactor (GSBR) was used to carry out the experiments, with acetate as growth substrate. 4CP concentration in the influent ranged between 0 and 50 mg/l, while TCP concentration varied between 0 and 15 mg/l. Different operating conditions were applied in order to obtain the complete aerobic degradation of 4CP. For TCP degradation, anaerobic feeding and control of dissolved oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid were used to keep the granules core under anaerobic conditions due to diffusion limitations: the possibility to obtain TCP reductive dechlorination under aerated conditions was thus investigated. Differences in granules shape and size were observed with 4CP and TCP dosed in the influent, and the effects of such toxic compounds on acetate removal were evaluated.Aerobic granules grown on acetate as carbon source proved to be an interesting solution for the degradation of 4CP, showing good resistance to high 4CP concentrations in the influent even if unacclimated. The presence of TCP did not irreversibly inhibit biomass activity, and complete TCP degradation was achieved after acclimation.
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Abstract
High-resolution polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer typing of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 gene of an Italian patient candidate for bone marrow transplantation revealed a new allelic variant of HLA-DRB1*13. The sequence was named DRB1*1366, and comparison with previously described DRB1 alleles demonstrated the two closely related sequences were HLA-DRB1*1330 and HLA-DRB1*130302.
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ISOLAMENTO DI F. NECROPHORUM COME CAUSA DI SINDROME DI LEMIERRE. MICROBIOLOGIA MEDICA 2004. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2004.3812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the changes in circulating serum lipids and lipoproteins, including lipoprotein (a), and low-density lipoprotein size in women during normal pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-two women (mean age, 31 +/- 5 years; 13 primiparous subjects) were studied during uncomplicated pregnancy with normal outcome. Twenty-four nulliparous women of similar age (31 +/- 4 years) were studied as control subjects. RESULTS Serum triglycerides and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly during pregnancy in all women. Women with changes in low-density lipoprotein during the second and third trimesters showed a more marked increase in serum triglycerides, and this effect was slightly more evident in the multiparous subjects. No other differences were evident between primiparous and multiparous women apart from high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, which were slightly decreased in the latter subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that during normal pregnancy, the increase in plasma triglycerides may lead to the appearance of the atherogenic dense low-density lipoproteins in a subgroup of women. We suggest that the observed changes in low-density lipoprotein patterns during pregnancy might be used to identify those women who later in life will have these atherogenic small and dense low-density lipoproteins.
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Cyclical variation of plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a) during menstrual cycle of normal women. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1995; 269:E1101-5. [PMID: 8572203 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.6.e1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the effects of cyclical variations of endogenous sex steroids during the menstrual cycle on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) in normal women. We examined 16 normal women (age range 25-36 yr) with normal menstrual cycles of 28-31 days. The study covered the period from the 1st day of a menstrual phase (basal) until the 1st day of the following menstrual phase. During the study all women maintained a normolipidic diet (30% fat). Plasma total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher than basal in the preovulatory phase until progesterone started to increase in the postovulatory phase [day +8 from luteinizing hormone (LH) surge]. High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher than basal from day -1 to the day after LH surge, whereas plasma apoAI levels were significantly higher from day -8 to day +8 (from LH surge). Plasma apo(a) increased significantly during the luteal phase in four women characterized by a single S4 band and lower basal plasma levels of apo(a). Our results indicate that endogenous female sex steroids have significant effects on the circulating levels of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins, including apo(a). More work needs to be done to elucidate the significance of the observed apo(a) changes, and the different phases of the menstrual cycle must be taken into account when evaluating the lipidic risk profile in premenopausal women.
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[Serum concentration of pregnancy-associated beta-1-glycoprotein in normal and at-risk pregnancy]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1983; 35:461-6. [PMID: 6196690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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[Further considerations on colpo-suspension by Burch's method in the correction of stress urinary incontinence]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1983; 35:417-21. [PMID: 6684740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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[Prenatal prevention of hyperbilirubinemia due to G6PD deficiency]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1983; 35:287-90. [PMID: 6877650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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[Gestational age, neonatal jaundice and alpha fetoprotein]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1983; 35:279-85. [PMID: 6192364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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[Gestational capacity after EPH gestosis]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1983; 35:255-64. [PMID: 6877649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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[Abscessing salpingo-oophoritis caused by Actinomyces in a woman using an IUD]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1983; 35:231-3. [PMID: 6888796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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[Cytological and bacteriological changes in women using the IUD]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1983; 35:209-11. [PMID: 6888791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a patient with thalassemia major. Case report. Panminerva Med 1983; 25:27-9. [PMID: 6866545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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[Intake of estroprogestins in pregnancy and hypospadias]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1982; 34:1023-7. [PMID: 7155433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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[Vulvar localization of neurofibromatosis. Apropos of a case]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1982; 34:1055-8. [PMID: 6818497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the new benzodiazepine, lormetazepam, in man. III. Repeated administration and transfer to neonates via breast milk. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 21:421-5. [PMID: 6122580 DOI: 10.1007/bf00542330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of lormetazepam and its glucuronide in plasma and milk were determined during administration of 10 daily doses of lormetazepam 2 mg (2 tablets of Noctamid-1) to five mothers delivered by Caesarian section. Their babies were breast-fed throughout the study, and the plasma levels of lormetazepam and its glucuronide were determined three times in the babies. At 12 and 24 h after administration, the plasma level of lormetazepam was about 3.5 ng/ml and 1.8 ng/ml in mothers, and below 0.09 ng/ml in the children. In milk the lormetazepam concentration was below 0.2 ng/ml. The plasma level of glucuronide varied between 24 ng/ml at 12 h and 11 ng/ml 24 h after administration. Almost no accumulation of unchanged lormetazepam was observed (factor: 1.3). The ratio of the levels of lormetazepam in milk and plasma was estimated to be below 0.06, and for the glucuronide the ratio was 0.04. The quantity of free and conjugated active ingredient transferred to the children via breast milk was calculated to be at most 100 ng/mg, corresponding to 0.35% of the maternal dose, which is regarded as tolerable.
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Transfer of mepindolol to newborns by breast-feeding mothers after single and repeated daily doses. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 22:53-5. [PMID: 7094975 DOI: 10.1007/bf00606425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of mepindolol in plasma and milk of five breastfeeding mothers were determined after 1 and 5 daily doses of mepindolol sulphate 20 mg. In the newborns plasma levels were measured once on the first and fifth days of the study. The mean maternal plasma concentration of mepindolol 2 h after administration was 52 ng/ml both after 1 and 5 doses; in the milk 18 and 22 ng/ml the corresponding concentrations were. The average plasma/milk drug concentration ratio was 2.6 +/- 1.6. Plasma levels in the newborn were below the detection limit of 1 ng/ml, except for one baby in whom 2 and 5 ng/ml, respectively, were found 4 h after one and five maternal doses.
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[A case of uterine leiomyoma in a 17-year-old girl]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1980; 32:909-911. [PMID: 7432702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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[A case of extra-embryonal vitelline mesoblastoma (yolk sac tumor)]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1980; 32:913-6. [PMID: 7432703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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[Use of dopaminergic drugs (pyridoxine, 2-bromo-alpha-ergocriptine, piribedil) in blocking lactation]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1980; 32:771-9. [PMID: 7219829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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[The use of PGF 2-alpha in obstetrics]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1979; 31:709-20. [PMID: 545183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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[The use of pramiverine hydrochloride in the active treatment of labor]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1979; 31:683-7. [PMID: 537712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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[A case of secondary abdominal pregnancy]. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 1977; 29:953-6. [PMID: 609404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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