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Balam S, Miura K, Ayadi I, Konaté D, Incandela NC, Agnolon V, Guindo MA, Diakité SA, Olugbile S, Nebie I, Herrera SM, Long C, Kajava AV, Diakité M, Corradin G, Herrera S, Herrera MA. Cross-reactivity of r Pvs48/45, a recombinant Plasmodium vivax protein, with sera from Plasmodium falciparum endemic areas of Africa. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.10.588966. [PMID: 38659832 PMCID: PMC11042229 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Ps48/45, a Plasmodium gametocyte surface protein, is a promising candidate for malaria transmission-blocking (TB) vaccine. Due to its relevance for a multispecies vaccine, we explored the cross-reactivity and TB activity of a recombinant P. vivax Ps48/45 protein (rPvs48/45) with sera from P. falciparum-exposed African donors. Methods rPvs48/45 was produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and tested by ELISA for its cross-reactivity with sera from Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Mali, and Nigeria - In addition, BALB/c mice were immunized with the rPvs48/45 protein formulated in Montanide ISA-51 and inoculated with a crude extract of P. falciparum NF-54 gametocytes to evaluate the parasite-boosting effect on rPvs48/45 antibody titers. Specific anti-rPvs48/45 IgG purified from African sera was used to evaluate the ex vivo TB activity on P. falciparum, using standard mosquito membrane feeding assays (SMFA). Results rPvs48/45 protein showed cross-reactivity with sera of individuals from all four African countries, in proportions ranging from 94% (Tanzania) to 40% (Nigeria). Also, the level of cross-reactive antibodies varied significantly between countries (p<0.0001), with a higher antibody level in Mali and the lowest in Nigeria. In addition, antibody levels were higher in adults (≥ 17 years) than young children (≤ 5 years) in both Mali and Tanzania, with a higher proportion of responders in adults (90%) than in children (61%) (p<0.0001) in Mali, where male (75%) and female (80%) displayed similar antibody responses. Furthermore, immunization of mice with P. falciparum gametocytes boosted anti-Pvs48/45 antibody responses, recognizing P. falciparum gametocytes in indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. Notably, rPvs48/45 affinity-purified African IgG exhibited a TB activity of 61% against P. falciparum in SMFA. Conclusion African sera (exposed only to P. falciparum) cross-recognized the rPvs48/45 protein. This, together with the functional activity of IgG, warrants further studies for the potential development of a P. vivax and P. falciparum cross-protective TB vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidou Balam
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER-Mali), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Imen Ayadi
- Immunobiology Department, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Drissa Konaté
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER-Mali), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Valentina Agnolon
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland aaaa
| | - Merepen A Guindo
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER-Mali), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Seidina A.S. Diakité
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER-Mali), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Sope Olugbile
- Immunobiology Department, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Issa Nebie
- Groupe de Recherche Action Santé (GRAS), Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | | | - Carole Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Andrey V. Kajava
- Montpellier Cell Biology Research Center (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, France
| | - Mahamadou Diakité
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER-Mali), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Socrates Herrera
- Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia
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Farley E, Okeibunor J, Balde T, Donkor IO, Kleynhans J, Wamala JF, Kaboré NF, Balam S, Chamla D, Braka F, Subissi L, Herring B, Whelan MG, Bergeri I, Lewis HC. Short communication-Lessons learnt during the implementation of Unity-aligned SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in Africa. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13170. [PMID: 37621920 PMCID: PMC10445334 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The WHO Unity Studies initiative engaged low- and middle-income countries in the implementation of standardised SARS-CoV-2 sero-epidemiological investigation protocols and timely sharing of comparable results for evidence-based action. To gain a deeper understanding of the methodological challenges faced when conducting seroprevalence studies in the African region, we conducted unstructured interviews with key study teams in five countries. We discuss the challenges identified: participant recruitment and retention, sampling, sample and data management, data analysis and presentation. Potential solutions to aid future implementation include preparedness actions such as the development of new tools, robust planning and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Farley
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | - Joseph Okeibunor
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | - Thierno Balde
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | - Irene Owusu Donkor
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Jackie Kleynhans
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | | | | | - Saidou Balam
- University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto‐StomatologyUniversity of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of BamakoBamakoMali
| | - Dick Chamla
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | - Fiona Braka
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | | | - Belinda Herring
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | - Mairead G. Whelan
- SeroTracker, Centre for Health Informatics, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Isabel Bergeri
- World Health Organization, Head QuartersGenevaSwitzerland
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3
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Müller SA, Agweyu A, Akanbi OA, Alex-Wele MA, Alinon KN, Arora RK, Balam S, Barekye B, Ben Hamida A, Bergeri I, Boddington N, Böff L, Boone I, Conradie A, Demirchyan A, Dudareva S, El Bcheraoui C, Evans M, Farley E, Hunger I, Jones JM, Kagucia EW, Kimani M, Lewis HC, Mazuguni F, Mwakasungula S, Mwenda JM, Nesterova O, Nepolo E, Nghitukwa N, Nyagwange J, Offergeld R, Okwor TJ, Reichert F, Sahakyan S, Shaikh S, Sikuvi KA, Weiss S, Whelan M, Winter CH, Ziraba AK, Hanefeld J. Learning from serosurveillance for SARS-CoV-2 to inform pandemic preparedness and response. Lancet 2023; 402:356-358. [PMID: 37247625 PMCID: PMC10219629 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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4
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Konate D, Diawara SI, Sogoba N, Shaffer J, Keita B, Cisse A, Sanogo I, Dicko I, Guindo MDA, Balam S, Traore A, Kante S, Dembele A, Kasse F, Denou L, Diakite SA, Traore K, M'Baye Thiam S, Sanogo V, Toure M, Diarra A, Agak GW, Doumbia S, Diakite M. Effect of a fifth round of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children aged 5-14 years in Dangassa, an area of long transmission in Mali. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2023; 20:e00283. [PMID: 36704118 PMCID: PMC9871299 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a significant reduction in the burden of malaria in children under five years-old, the efficient implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) at large scale remains a major concern in areas with long malaria transmission. Low coverage rate in the unattainable areas during the rainy season, a shift in the risk of malaria to older children and the rebound in malaria incidence after stopping drug administration are mainly reported in these areas. These gaps represent a major challenge in the efficient implementation of SMC measures. An open randomized study was conducted to assess the effect of a fifth additional round to current regime of SMC in older children living in Dangassa, a rural malaria endemic area. Poisson regression Model was used to estimate the reduction in malaria incidence in the intervention group compared to the control group including age groups (5-9 and 10-14 years) and the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs; Yes or No) with a threshold at 5%. Overall, a downward trend in participation rate was observed from August (94.3%) to November (87.2%). In November (round 4), the risk of malaria incidence was similar in both groups (IRR = 0.66, 95%CI [0.35-1.22]). In December (round 5), a decrease of 51% in malaria incidence was observed in intervention group compared to control group adjusted for age groups and the use of LLINs (IRR = 0.49, 95%CI [0.26-0.94]), of which 17% of reduction is attributable to the 5th round in the intervention group. An additional fifth round of SMC resulted in a significant reduction of malaria incidence in the intervention group. The number of SMC rounds could be adapted to the local condition of malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drissa Konate
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sory I. Diawara
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Nafomon Sogoba
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Jeff Shaffer
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Bourama Keita
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdourhamane Cisse
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Ibrahim Sanogo
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ilo Dicko
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Merepen dite Agnes Guindo
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Saidou Balam
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdouramane Traore
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Salimata Kante
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Assitan Dembele
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Fatoumata Kasse
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Larissa Denou
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seidina A.S. Diakite
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Karim Traore
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Sidibe M'Baye Thiam
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Vincent Sanogo
- National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamoudou Toure
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ayouba Diarra
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - George W. Agak
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou Diakite
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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5
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Pratesi F, Errante F, Pacini L, Peña-Moreno IC, Quiceno S, Carotenuto A, Balam S, Konaté D, Diakité MM, Arévalo-Herrera M, Kajava AV, Rovero P, Corradin G, Migliorini P, Papini AM, Herrera S. A SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Motif Peptide Induces Anti-Spike Antibodies in Mice andIs Recognized by COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879946. [PMID: 35693806 PMCID: PMC9178084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently devastating pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome known as coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Both the virus and the disease have been extensively studied worldwide. A trimeric spike (S) protein expressed on the virus outer bilayer leaflet has been identified as a ligand that allows the virus to penetrate human host cells and cause infection. Its receptor-binding domain (RBD) interacts with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the host-cell viral receptor, and is, therefore, the subject of intense research for the development of virus control means, particularly vaccines. In this work, we search for smaller fragments of the S protein able to elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies, suitable for production by peptide synthesis technology. Based on the analysis of available data, we selected a 72 aa long receptor binding motif (RBM436-507) of RBD. We used ELISA to study the antibody response to each of the three antigens (S protein, its RBD domain and the RBM436-507 synthetic peptide) in humans exposed to the infection and in immunized mice. The seroreactivity analysis showed that anti-RBM antibodies are produced in COVID-19 patients and immunized mice and may exert neutralizing function, although with a frequency lower than anti-S and -RBD. These results provide a basis for further studies towards the development of vaccines or treatments focused on specific regions of the S virus protein, which can benefit from the absence of folding problems, conformational constraints and other advantages of the peptide synthesis production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pratesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fosca Errante
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pacini
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Sebastian Quiceno
- Department of Immunology, Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Saidou Balam
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Drissa Konaté
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou M. Diakité
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Paola Migliorini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna M. Papini
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sócrates Herrera
- Department of Immunology, Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
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6
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Traoré A, Guindo MA, Konaté D, Traoré B, Diakité SA, Kanté S, Dembélé A, Cissé A, Incandela NC, Kodio M, Coulibaly YI, Faye O, Kajava AV, Pratesi F, Migliorini P, Papini AM, Pacini L, Rovero P, Errante F, Diakité M, Arevalo-Herrera M, Herrera S, Corradin G, Balam S. Seroreactivity of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Recombinant S Protein, Receptor-Binding Domain, and Its Receptor-Binding Motif in COVID-19 Patients and Their Cross-Reactivity With Pre-COVID-19 Samples From Malaria-Endemic Areas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856033. [PMID: 35585976 PMCID: PMC9109707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the global interest and the unprecedented number of scientific studies triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, few data are available from developing and low-income countries. In these regions, communities live under the threat of various transmissible diseases aside from COVID-19, including malaria. This study aims to determine the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroreactivity of antibodies from COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 samples of individuals in Mali (West Africa). Blood samples from COVID-19 patients (n = 266) at Bamako Dermatology Hospital (HDB) and pre-COVID-19 donors (n = 283) from a previous malaria survey conducted in Dangassa village were tested by ELISA to assess IgG antibodies specific to the full-length spike (S) protein, the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the receptor-binding motif (RBM436-507). Study participants were categorized by age, gender, treatment duration for COVID-19, and comorbidities. In addition, the cross-seroreactivity of samples from pre-COVID-19, malaria-positive patients against the three antigens was assessed. Recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins by sera from COVID-19 patients was 80.5% for S, 71.1% for RBD, and 31.9% for RBM (p < 0.001). While antibody responses to S and RBD tended to be age-dependent, responses to RBM were not. Responses were not gender-dependent for any of the antigens. Higher antibody levels to S, RBD, and RBM at hospital entry were associated with shorter treatment durations, particularly for RBD (p < 0.01). In contrast, higher body weights negatively influenced the anti-S antibody response, and asthma and diabetes weakened the anti-RBM antibody responses. Although lower, a significant cross-reactive antibody response to S (21.9%), RBD (6.7%), and RBM (8.8%) was detected in the pre-COVID-19 and malaria samples. Cross-reactive antibody responses to RBM were mostly associated (p < 0.01) with the absence of current Plasmodium falciparum infection, warranting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdouramane Traoré
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Merepen A. Guindo
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Drissa Konaté
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourama Traoré
- Department of Ministry of Health and Social Development, Hopital de Dermatologie de Bamako (HDB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Seidina A. Diakité
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Salimata Kanté
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Assitan Dembélé
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdourhamane Cissé
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Nathan C. Incandela
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Mamoudou Kodio
- Department of Ministry of Health and Social Development, Hopital de Dermatologie de Bamako (HDB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Yaya I. Coulibaly
- Department of Ministry of Health and Social Development, Hopital de Dermatologie de Bamako (HDB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Department of Ministry of Health and Social Development, Hopital de Dermatologie de Bamako (HDB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Andrey V. Kajava
- Montpellier Cell Biology Research Center (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Federico Pratesi
- Immuno-Allergology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Migliorini
- Immuno-Allergology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pacini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fosca Errante
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mahamadou Diakité
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Myriam Arevalo-Herrera
- Department of Immunology, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Immunology, Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
| | - Socrates Herrera
- Department of Immunology, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Immunology, Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Saidou Balam
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Balam S, Buchtler S, Winter F, Schmidbauer K, Neumayer S, Talke Y, Renner K, Geissler EK, Mack M. Donor-But Not Recipient-Derived Cells Produce Collagen-1 in Chronically Rejected Cardiac Allografts. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816509. [PMID: 35126373 PMCID: PMC8807636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a prominent feature of chronic allograft rejection, caused by an excessive production of matrix proteins, including collagen-1. Several cell types produce collagen-1, including mesenchymal fibroblasts and cells of hematopoietic origin. Here, we sought to determine whether tissue-resident donor-derived cells or allograft-infiltrating recipient-derived cells are responsible for allograft fibrosis, and whether hematopoietic cells contribute to collagen production. A fully MHC-mismatched mouse heterotopic heart transplantation model was used, with transient depletion of CD4+ T cells to prevent acute rejection. Collagen-1 was selectively knocked out in recipients or donors. In addition, collagen-1 was specifically deleted in hematopoietic cells. Tissue-resident macrophages were depleted using anti-CSF1R antibody. Allograft fibrosis and inflammation were quantified 20 days post-transplantation. Selective collagen-1 knock-out in recipients or donors showed that tissue-resident cells from donor hearts, but not infiltrating recipient-derived cells, are responsible for production of collagen-1 in allografts. Cell-type-specific knock-out experiments showed that hematopoietic tissue-resident cells in donor hearts substantially contributed to graft fibrosis. Tissue resident macrophages, however, were not responsible for collagen-production, as their deletion worsened allograft fibrosis. Donor-derived cells including those of hematopoietic origin determine allograft fibrosis, making them attractive targets for organ preconditioning to improve long-term transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidou Balam
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simone Buchtler
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Winter
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmidbauer
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Neumayer
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Talke
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Renner
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edward K. Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Matthias Mack,
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8
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Diakité MT, Diakité B, Koné A, Balam S, Fofana D, Diallo D, Kassogué Y, Traoré CB, Kamaté B, Ba D, Ly M, Ba M, Koné B, Maiga AI, Achenbach C, Holl J, Murphy R, Hou L, Maiga M. Relationships between gut microbiota, red meat consumption and colorectal cancer. J Carcinog Mutagen 2022; 13:1000385. [PMID: 37206892 PMCID: PMC10194058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of red and processed meat has been associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. There are many attempts to explain the risk of colorectal cancer associated with the consumption of red and processed meat: The temperature cooking of meat such as grilling and smoking contribute to the formation of mutagenic compounds including heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Heme iron in red meat is involved in the formation of N-nitroso compounds and lipid peroxidation products in the digestive tract.Fatty red meat is involved in the production of secondary bile acids by the bacteria of the gut microbiota. Many of the products formed are genotoxic and can cause DNA damage and initiate carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Various mechanisms contributing to their genotoxic role have been established in human and animal studies. In addition, there is increasing evidence that compounds formed from red and processed meat interact with the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer pathways. Although several early studies in animals and humans suggest a direct causal role of the gut microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer, the links between diet, gut microbiota, and colonic carcinogenesis are largely associations rather than proven causal relationships. Various biological mechanisms, including inflammation and oxidative stress can lead to DNA damage, gut dysbiosis, and therefore increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may increase the risk of colorectal cancer through dietary component promotion of colonic carcinogenesis. In this paper, we review and update current knowledge about the relationships between red meat consumption, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bréhima Diakité
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Koné
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Saidou Balam
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Djeneba Fofana
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Dramane Diallo
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Yaya Kassogué
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Cheick B Traoré
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Bakarou Kamaté
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Djibril Ba
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Madani Ly
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamadou Ba
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourahima Koné
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Almoustapha I. Maiga
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Chad Achenbach
- Department of Oncology, North-Western University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jane Holl
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Robert Murphy
- Department of Oncology, North-Western University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Oncology, North-Western University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mamoudou Maiga
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
- Department of Oncology, North-Western University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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9
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Ayadi I, Balam S, Audran R, Bikorimana JP, Nebie I, Diakité M, Felger I, Tanner M, Spertini F, Corradin G, Arevalo M, Herrera S, Agnolon V. P. falciparum and P. vivax Orthologous Coiled-Coil Candidates for a Potential Cross-Protective Vaccine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574330. [PMID: 33193361 PMCID: PMC7609509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last four decades, significant efforts have been invested to develop vaccines against malaria. Although most efforts are focused on the development of P. falciparum vaccines, the current availability of the parasite genomes, bioinformatics tools, and high throughput systems for both recombinant and synthetic antigen production have helped to accelerate vaccine development against the P. vivax parasite. We have previously in silico identified several P. falciparum and P. vivax proteins containing α-helical coiled-coil motifs that represent novel putative antigens for vaccine development since they are highly immunogenic and have been associated with protection in many in vitro functional assays. Here, we selected five pairs of P. falciparum and P. vivax orthologous peptides to assess their sero-reactivity using plasma samples collected in P. falciparum- endemic African countries. Pf-Pv cross-reactivity was also investigated. The pairs Pf27/Pv27, Pf43/Pv43, and Pf45/Pv45 resulted to be the most promising candidates for a cross-protective vaccine because they showed a high degree of recognition in direct and competition ELISA assays and cross-reactivity with their respective ortholog. The recognition of P. vivax peptides by plasma of P. falciparum infected individuals indicates the existence of a high degree of cross-reactivity between these two Plasmodium species. The design of longer polypeptides combining these epitopes will allow the assessment of their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ayadi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Saidou Balam
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali.,Department of Internal Medicine II-Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Régine Audran
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Bikorimana
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Issa Nebie
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mahamadou Diakité
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Ingrid Felger
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Myriam Arevalo
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia.,Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Valentina Agnolon
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Balam S, Kesselring R, Eggenhofer E, Blaimer S, Evert K, Evert M, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, van Blijswijk J, Lee S, Reis e Sousa C, Brunner SM, Fichtner-Feigl S. Cross-presentation of dead-cell-associated antigens by DNGR-1 + dendritic cells contributes to chronic allograft rejection in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:2041-2054. [PMID: 32640051 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether DC NK lectin group receptor-1 (DNGR-1)-dependent cross-presentation of dead-cell-associated antigens occurs after transplantation and contributes to CD8+ T cell responses, chronic allograft rejection (CAR), and fibrosis. BALB/c or C57BL/6 hearts were heterotopically transplanted into WT, Clec9a-/- , or Batf3-/- recipient C57BL/6 mice. Allografts were analyzed for cell infiltration, CD8+ T cell activation, fibrogenesis, and CAR using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, qRT2 -PCR, and flow cytometry. Allografts displayed infiltration by recipient DNGR-1+ DCs, signs of CAR, and fibrosis. Allografts in Clec9a-/- recipients showed reduced CAR (p < 0.0001), fibrosis (P = 0.0137), CD8+ cell infiltration (P < 0.0001), and effector cytokine levels compared to WT recipients. Batf3-deficiency greatly reduced DNGR-1+ DC-infiltration, CAR (P < 0.0001), and fibrosis (P = 0.0382). CD8 cells infiltrating allografts of cytochrome C treated recipients, showed reduced production of CD8 effector cytokines (P < 0.05). Further, alloreactive CD8+ T cell response in indirect pathway IFN-γ ELISPOT was reduced in Clec9a-/- recipient mice (P = 0.0283). Blockade of DNGR-1 by antibody, similar to genetic elimination of the receptor, reduced CAR (P = 0.0003), fibrosis (P = 0.0273), infiltration of CD8+ cells (p = 0.0006), and effector cytokine levels. DNGR-1-dependent alloantigen cross-presentation by DNGR-1+ DCs induces alloreactive CD8+ cells that induce CAR and fibrosis. Antibody against DNGR-1 can block this process and prevent CAR and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidou Balam
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elke Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Blaimer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Sonia Lee
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Stefan M Brunner
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Balam S, Schiechl-Brachner G, Buchtler S, Halbritter D, Schmidbauer K, Talke Y, Neumayer S, Salewski JN, Winter F, Karasuyama H, Yamanishi Y, Renner K, Geissler EK, Mack M. IL-3 Triggers Chronic Rejection of Cardiac Allografts by Activation of Infiltrating Basophils. J I 2019; 202:3514-3523. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Balam S, Jafarshad A, Servis C, Frank G, Reed S, Pink R, Druilhe P, Spertini F, Corradin G. Immunogenicity of dimorphic and C-terminal fragments of Plasmodium falciparum MSP2 formulated with different adjuvants in mice. Vaccine 2016; 34:1566-1574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Balam S, Olugbile S, Servis C, Diakité M, D'Alessandro A, Frank G, Moret R, Nebie I, Tanner M, Felger I, Smith T, Kajava AV, Spertini F, Corradin G. Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2: epitope mapping and fine specificity of human antibody response against non-polymorphic domains. Malar J 2014; 13:510. [PMID: 25526742 PMCID: PMC4320585 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two long synthetic peptides representing the dimorphic and constant C-terminal domains of the two allelic families of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface proteins 2 are considered promising malaria vaccine candidates. The aim of the current study is to characterize the immune response (epitope mapping) in naturally exposed individuals and relate immune responses to the risk of clinical malaria. Methods To optimize their construction, the fine specificity of human serum antibodies from donors of different age, sex and living in four distinct endemic regions was determined in ELISA by using overlapping 20 mer peptides covering the two domains. Immune purified antibodies were used in Western blot and immunofluorescence assay to recognize native parasite derivate proteins. Results Immunodominant epitopes were characterized, and their distribution was similar irrespective of geographic origin, age group and gender. Acquisition of a 3D7 family and constant region-specific immune response and antibody avidity maturation occur early in life while a longer period is needed for the corresponding FC27 family response. In addition, the antibody response to individual epitopes within the 3D7 family-specific region contributes to protection from malaria infection with different statistical weight. It is also illustrated that affinity-purified antibodies against the dimorphic or constant regions recognized homologous and heterologous parasites in immunofluorescence and homologous and heterologous MSP2 and other polypeptides in Western blot. Conclusion Data from this current study may contribute to a development of MSP2 vaccine candidates based on conserved and dimorphic regions thus bypassing the complexity of vaccine development related to the polymorphism of full-length MSP2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-510) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidou Balam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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14
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Balam S, Romero JF, Bongfen SE, Guillaume P, Corradin G. CSP--a model for in vivo presentation of Plasmodium berghei sporozoite antigens by hepatocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51875. [PMID: 23272182 PMCID: PMC3525584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One target of protective immunity against the Plasmodium liver stage in BALB/c mice is represented by the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), and mainly involves its recognition by IFN-γ producing specific CD8+T-cells. In a previous in vitro study we showed that primary hepatocytes from BALB/c mice process Plasmodium berghei (Pb) CSP (PbCSP) and present CSP-derived peptides to specific H-2kd restricted CD8+T-cells with subsequent killing of the presenting cells. We now extend these observations to an in vivo infection model in which infected hepatocytes and antigen specific T-cell clones are transferred into recipient mice inducing protection from sporozoite (SPZ) challenge. In addition, using a similar protocol, we suggest the capacity of hepatocytes in priming of naïve T-cells to provide protection, as further confirmed by induction of protection after depletion of cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) by cytochrome c (cyt c) treatment or using traversal deficient parasites. Our results clearly show that hepatocytes present Plasmodium CSP to specific-primed CD8+T-cells, and could also prime naïve T-cells, leading to protection from infection. These results could contribute to a better understanding of liver stage immune response and design of malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidou Balam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Silayuv E. Bongfen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guillaume
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Giampietro Corradin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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15
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Bongfen SE, Balam S, Torgler R, Romero JF, Corradin G. Processing of the circumsporozoite protein in infected hepatocytes is not dependent on aspartic proteases. Parasite Immunol 2008; 30:375-8. [PMID: 18444957 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2008.01032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells play a major role in the protective immune response against the liver stage of malaria. It was previously shown that the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is processed and presented to specific T cells by both traversed and infected hepatocytes, but their respective antigen processing requirements were not completely defined. In the present study, we show that in vitro processing of the Plasmodium berghei CSP by infected mouse primary hepatocytes is exclusively dependent on proteasomes, while aspartic proteases are also needed in the case of traversed hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Bongfen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses, Epalinges, Switzerland
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