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Canouï E, Woerther PL, Soulier A, Benhaddou N, Seng S, Belan M, Rodriguez C, Charlier C. Shotgun metagenomic screening to improve the retrospective diagnosis of undocumented intrauterine infections on embedded placenta samples: Lessons from a brucellosis case. Infect Dis Now 2023; 53:104770. [PMID: 37574126 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiological diagnosis of intrauterine infections (IIU) still relies on bacteriological cultures or targeted DNA amplification lacking in sensitivity. Shotgun metagenomics (SMg) is an emerging unbiased molecular approach that makes it possible to sequence all the nucleic acids from any sample. It had never previously been used for IIU. METHODS We here report the case of a patient with an unexplained IIU and fetal loss that could be documented by a combined SMg/microbiological approach, leading to the diagnosis of maternal brucellosis. RESULTS A 31-year-old woman presented with an undocumented IIU with fetal loss at 24 weeks of gestation. Culture-based work-up failed to identify the pathogen involved. Paraffin-embedded placenta sample was retrospectively analyzed by SMg. Brucella spp nucleic acids were detected, and subacute maternal brucellosis was confirmed by targeted PCR and serological testing. CONCLUSION This case provides grounds for further utilization of SMg for the microbiological diagnosis of unexplained obstetrical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Canouï
- Equipe mobile d'Infectiologie, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre-Cochin Port Royal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
| | - P L Woerther
- Département de Microbiologie, hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; EA 7380 Dynamyc, Université Paris-Est Créteil, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - A Soulier
- Département de Microbiologie, hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - N Benhaddou
- Service de Bactériologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre-Cochin Port Royal, Paris, France
| | - S Seng
- Département de Microbiologie, hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - M Belan
- Equipe mobile d'Infectiologie, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre-Cochin Port Royal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Paris France
| | - C Rodriguez
- Département de Microbiologie, hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - C Charlier
- Equipe mobile d'Infectiologie, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre-Cochin Port Royal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Paris France; Centre National de référence Listeria, Centre collaborateur OMS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Unité de Biologie des Infections, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Zhao SX, Seng S, Deluna A, Yu EC, Crawford MH. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Reversible Versus Persistent Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2020; 125:127-134. [PMID: 31699360 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anecdotal cases of reversible methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy (rMAC) have been reported, but not well understood. This study sought to determine the clinical characteristics, outcomes and predictors of reversibility among patients with rMAC as compared with patients with persistent MAC (pMAC). We retrospectively studied adult MAC patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% at a single center between 2004 and 2018. rMAC was defined as increase in LVEF by ≥20 points or to ≥50%. Those with persistent LVEF ≤40% constituted the pMAC group. 357 MAC cases were identified: 250 patients had pMAC and 107 had rMAC. After a median follow-up of 45 months (interquartile range 27 to 70), LVEF increased by 28.3 ± 6.9% in rMAC (p <0.001), whereas it was unchanged in pMAC (Δ: -0.5 ± 8.7%, p = 0.350). Heart failure hospitalizations and New York Heart Association Class III/IV heart failure were both significantly reduced for rMAC than the pMAC group. All-cause mortality was 21.6% overall, 28% in pMAC and 6.5% in the rMAC group (p <0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated significantly higher cumulative survival for rMAC (Log Rank p <0.001). Multivariable logistic regression identified MA cessation (odds ratio/OR: 4.23, 95% confidence interval/CI: 2.47 to 7.38, p <0.001) and baseline right ventricular end systolic area (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87 to 0.97, p = 0.001) as strongly predictive of MAC reversal. In conclusion, MAC reversal is not uncommon and is associated with significant clinical improvement including reduced mortality. It can be facilitated by MA cessation when the cardiac chambers, especially the right ventricle, are not severely dilated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan X Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA.
| | - Sakara Seng
- Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA
| | - Andres Deluna
- Division of Cardiology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA
| | - Elizabeth C Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA
| | - Michael H Crawford
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Fabelo C, Hernandez J, Chang R, Seng S, Alicea N, Tian S, Conde K, Wagner EJ. Endocannabinoid Signaling at Hypothalamic Steroidogenic Factor-1/Proopiomelanocortin Synapses Is Sex- and Diet-Sensitive. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:214. [PMID: 29973869 PMCID: PMC6020785 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that steroidogenic factor (SF)-1 neurons in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) provide sexually disparate, endocannabinoid (EC)- and diet-sensitive glutamatergic input onto proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Electrophysiological recordings were performed in hypothalamic slices from intact and castrated guinea pigs, along with in vitro optogenetic experiments in intact male as well as cycling and ovariectomized female NR5A1-Cre mice. In slices from castrated male and female guinea pigs, depolarized-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) time-dependently reduced the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) in POMC neurons generated by electrically stimulating the dorsomedial VMN. Androgen stimulation rapidly enhanced this DSE, which was also found in insulin-resistant, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed males. By contrast, retrograde signaling at VMN/ARC POMC synapses was markedly attenuated in periovulatory females. HFD potentiated central cannabinoid-induced hyperphagia in both males and females, but exerted differential influences on cannabinoid-induced increases in energy expenditure. In NR5A1-Cre mice, the reduction in light-evoked EPSC amplitude caused by postsynaptic depolarization in cycling females was modest in comparison to that seen in intact males. Estradiol attenuated the DSE in light-evoked EPSC amplitude in slices from ovariectomized females. Moreover, the retrograde inhibition of transmission was further accentuated in HFD-fed males. Chemogenetic activation of SF-1 neurons suppressed appetite and increased energy expenditure in males, effects which were attenuated by HFD. Conversely, energy expenditure was increased in estradiol- but not vehicle-treated ovariectomized females. Together with our previous studies indicating that DSE in POMC neurons is EC-mediated, these findings indicate that VMN SF-1/ARC POMC synapses represent a sexually differentiated, EC- and diet-sensitive anorexigenic component within the hypothalamic energy balance circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fabelo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Hernandez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Chang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Sakara Seng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Natalia Alicea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Sharon Tian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kristie Conde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Edward J Wagner
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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Li H, Wood JT, Whitten KM, Vadivel SK, Seng S, Makriyannis A, Avraham HK. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase activates Nrf2 signalling and induces heme oxygenase 1 transcription in breast cancer cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:489-505. [PMID: 23347118 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endocannabinoids such as anandamide (AEA) are important lipid ligands regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Their levels are regulated by hydrolase enzymes, the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL). Here, we investigated whether FAAH or AEA are involved in NF (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of AEA or FAAH inhibition by the URB597 inhibitor or FAAH/siRNA on the activation of Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction and transcription. KEY RESULTS Endogenous AEA was detected in the immortalized human mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells (0.034 ng per 10(6) cells) but not in MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Because breast tumour cells express FAAH abundantly, we examined the effects of FAAH on Nrf2/antioxidant pathway. We found that inhibition of FAAH by the URB597 inhibitor induced antioxidant HO-1 in breast cancer cells and MCF-10A cells. RNAi-mediated knockdown of FAAH or treatment with AEA-activated ARE-containing reporter induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression, independent of the cannabinoid receptors, CB1, CB2 or TRPV1. Furthermore, URB597, AEA and siRNA-FAAH treatments induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, while siRNA-Nrf2 treatment and Keap1 expression blocked AEA, URB597 and si-FAAH from activation of ARE reporter and HO-1 induction. siRNA-HO-1 treatment decreased the viability of breast cancer cells and MCF-10A cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data uncovered a novel mechanism by which inhibition of FAAH or exposure to AEA induced HO-1 transcripts and implicating AEA and FAAH as direct modifiers in signalling mediated activation of Nrf2-HO-1 pathway, independent of cannabinoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wanka ER, Kutschenreuter L, Seng S, Jörres RA, Budweiser S. Wetter und Luftschadstoffe: Einfluss auf die tägliche Anzahl von Notarzteinsätzen aufgrund von Atemwegsbeschwerden in Graz. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Khun P, Seng S, Emary K, Moore C, Soeng S, Ngoun C, Kumar V, Day N, Parry C, Stoesser N. Surveillance of healthcare-associated infection at Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Seng S, Avraham HK, Birrane G, Jiang S, Li H, Katz G, Bass CE, Zagozdzon R, Avraham S. NRP/B mutations impair Nrf2-dependent NQO1 induction in human primary brain tumors. Oncogene 2008; 28:378-89. [PMID: 18981988 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are associated with genetic alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells leads to oxidative stress-induced damage, resulting in tumorigenesis. Here, we showed that the nuclear matrix protein nuclear restricted protein in brain (NRP/B) was colocalized and interacted with NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). During oxidative stress response, NRP/B expression and its interaction with Nrf2 were upregulated in SH-SY5Y cells. Association of NRP/B with Nrf2 was crucial for NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression. NRP/B was localized predominantly in the nucleus of normal brain cells, whereas in primary brain tumors NRP/B was almost exclusively contained in the cytoplasm. In addition, unlike wild-type NRP/B, the expression of NRP/B mutants isolated from primary brain tumors was found in the cytoplasm, and these mutants failed to induce Nrf2-dependent NQO1 transcription. Thus, NRP/B mutations and their altered localization resulted in changes in NRP/B function and deregulation of Nrf2-dependent NQO1 activation in brain tumors. This study provides insights into the mechanism by which the NRP/B modulates Nrf2-dependent NQO1 induction in cellular protection against ROS in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seng
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Crehange G, Bonnetain F, Seng S, N'guyen T, Mirabel X, Marchal C, Verrelle P, Roullet B, Maingnon P, Bedenne L. Impact of radiation (RT) regimen on palliative procedures (PP) for patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with exclusive chemoradiation (CRT) or preoperative chemoradiation (CRT+S): results from a phase III trial of the Federation Francophone de Cancerologie Digestive (FFCD 9102). J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4531 Background: The FFCD 9102 trial demonstrated that CRT is an alternative to CRT+S for responding patients. We investigated the type of PP in the follow-up (FU) period, according to the RT scheme: protracted (P-RT) vs. split course (SC-RT). Methods: Resectable T3 N0–1 M0 thoracic esophageal carcinoma were included. First sequence : 2 cycles of cisplatin and 5-FU (day (d)1 - d22) combined with RT. Two schemes of RT were allowed: P-RT (46 Gy / 4.5 weeks (w), 2 Gy / f) or SC-RT (2 one-week courses of 15 Gy, 3 Gy / f). For CRT, the same chemotherapy was given on d43, d64 and d92 combined with 20 Gy / 2w (P-RT) or 15 Gy / 1w (SC-RT). Responding patients after the first sequence were randomized between CRT and CRT+S. The impact of SC-RT vs. P-RT on PP in the FU period was explored using a Mann-Whitney test. Results: From February 1993 to December 2000, 451 pts were registered and 446 were eligible. P-RT: 161 pts, SC-RT: 285 pts. After a median FU of 47.4 months, 2-year overall survival and local relapse-free survival were for P-RT vs. SC-RT: 37.1% vs. 30.5% (p = 0.25) and 76.7% vs. 56.8% (p = 0.002), respectively. P-RT vs. SC-RT: mean length of hospital stay: 48 d vs. 60.5 d (p= 0.0003). Mean number of dilatation sessions: 0.56 vs. 0.66 (p= 0.43). Mean number of stents: 0.21 vs. 0.34 (p= 0.03). Mean number of any PP: 1.01 vs. 1.50 (p= 0.001). Mean dysphagia grade: 2.99 vs. 3.12 (p= 0.21). In the CRT+S-group, P-RT vs. SC-RT: mean length of hospital stay 55.0d vs. 68.7d (p =0.051). Mean number of dilatation sessions: 0.74 vs. 0.74 (p= 0.77). Mean number of stents: 0.09 vs. 0.18 (p= 0.44). Mean number of PP: 1.00 vs. 1.37 (p= 0.054). In the CRT-group, P-RT vs. SC-RT, mean length of hospital stay: 42.6d vs 54.0d (p= 0.053). Mean number of dilatation sessions : 0.38 vs. 0.67 (p= 0.12). Mean number of stents: 0.31 vs. 0.50 (p= 0.03). Mean number of PP: 0.83 vs. 1.86 (p= 0.0005). Conclusions: Stents, rate of PP and length of hospital stay were significantly increased with SC-RT. Dysphagia score was similar between SC-RT and P-RT at last FU. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Crehange
- Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France; University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France; University Hospital Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - F. Bonnetain
- Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France; University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France; University Hospital Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - S. Seng
- Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France; University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France; University Hospital Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - T. N'guyen
- Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France; University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France; University Hospital Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - X. Mirabel
- Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France; University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France; University Hospital Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - C. Marchal
- Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France; University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France; University Hospital Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - P. Verrelle
- Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France; University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France; University Hospital Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - B. Roullet
- Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France; University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France; University Hospital Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - P. Maingnon
- Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France; University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France; University Hospital Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - L. Bedenne
- Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France; University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France; University Hospital Le Bocage, Dijon, France
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Crehange G, Bonnetain F, Seng S, Nguyen T, Mirabel X, Marchal C, Verrelle P, Roullet B, Bedenne L, Maingon P. 141. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seng S, Makala LHC, Yokoyama M, Lim C, Choi YH, Suzuki N, Toyoda Y, Nagasawa H. SAG1 Is a Host-Targeted Antigen for Protection against Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Pathobiology 2004; 71:144-51. [PMID: 15051927 DOI: 10.1159/000076469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2003] [Accepted: 07/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that SAG1 transgenic (tg) mice have an elevated susceptibility resulting from their inability to elicit strong Th1-based protection against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Here, we demonstrate that SAG1 tg mice were protected against T. gondii infection, characterized by a decline in IFN-gamma levels, following administration of a lethal dose of T. gondii. Moreover, immunization with T. gondii homogenate conferred protection and induced production of IgG, with IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses driven by Th2 and Th1 responses, respectively, in both SAG1 tg and wild-type (wt) mice. IgG titers were significantly higher from day 10 after immunization in wt mice compared to those in SAG1 tg mice. There were no significant differences observed in levels of IgG1 in both groups. However, significantly lower IgG2a titers were measured in the sera from SAG1 tg mice on days 10, 15 and 20. IFN-gamma levels in sera were significantly lower in SAG1 tg mice compared to those in wt mice on day 20 after immunization. When challenged with a lethal dose of the Beverley strain of T. gondii, 80 and 100% survival rates were observed in SAG1 tg and wt mice, respectively, indicating that SAG1 tg mice were protected to a lesser extent from challenge due to the decrease in protective immunity. These results suggest that SAG1 plays a critical role in eliciting protection, hence a target antigen for the development of protective Th1-based responses against T. gondii infection in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Host-Parasite Interactions
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Protozoan Proteins/genetics
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Toxoplasma/immunology
- Toxoplasma/pathogenicity
- Toxoplasmosis/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis/prevention & control
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/prevention & control
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seng
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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Seng S, Makala LHC, Maki Y, Choi Y, Yokoyama M, Suzuki N, Toyoda Y, Nagasawa H. Unresponsiveness to surface antigen 1 modifies cytokine profiles in acute Toxoplasma gondii infection. Pathobiology 2003; 70:237-46. [PMID: 12679602 DOI: 10.1159/000069335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2002] [Accepted: 12/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii involves the development of a highly polarized Th1-type cytokine expression. SAG1 transgenic mice are highly susceptible to T. gondii infection due to their non-reactivity to SAG1 of the protozoan parasite. Here we describe cytokine profiles during the acute phase of T. gondii infection, which are associated with the susceptibility of SAG1 transgenic mice. SAG1 transgenic mice showed a 4.5-fold increase in susceptibility upon inoculation with a sublethal dose of the Beverley strain of T. gondii compared to their wild-type counterparts (mortality: 81 vs. 18%, respectively). When analysis of the most important cytokines involved in the mediation of resistance to infection was carried out, SAG1 transgenic mice exhibited low production levels of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in sera during the acute phase of T. gondii infection. Antibody and T cells specific for SAG1 were not mounted upon SAG1 stimulation in SAG1 transgenic mice. Moreover, in vitro studies indicated that in SAG1 transgenic mice IFN-gamma and IL-12 production was lower than in their wild-type counterparts, although levels of TNF-alpha increased in SAG1 transgenic mice on day 9 after infection. Low IgG2a levels were detected in SAG1 transgenic mouse sera. Unresponsiveness to SAG1 of T. gondii renders SAG1 transgenic mice unable to develop a strong Th1-based protection against T. gondii infection. These results provide evidence that SAG1 is a pivotal antigen involved in the induction of immune responses towards the development of Th1-protective immunity during T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seng
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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12
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Usacheva A, Smith R, Minshall R, Baida G, Seng S, Croze E, Colamonici O. The WD motif-containing protein receptor for activated protein kinase C (RACK1) is required for recruitment and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 through the type I interferon receptor. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:22948-53. [PMID: 11301323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100087200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An obligatory step in the activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) by cytokines is their docking to specific receptors via phosphotyrosines. However, this model does not address whether STATs pre-associate with their corresponding receptor or exist free in the cytoplasm before receptor activation. In this report, we demonstrate that pre-association of STAT1 with the receptor is required for type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Interestingly, the interaction between the human type I IFN receptor and STAT1 is not direct but mediated by the adapter protein receptor for activated protein kinase C (RACK1). Disruption of the IFNalpha receptor-RACK1 interaction abolishes not only IFNalpha-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 but also activation of STAT2, indicating that RACK1 plays a central role in early signaling through the Jak-STAT pathway. These findings demonstrate the involvement of RACK1 in STAT1 activation and raise the possibility that other STATs may pre-associate with cytokine receptors through similar adapter-STAT-mediated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Usacheva
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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13
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Seng S, Yokoyama M, Suzuki R, Maki Y, Kato M, Lim C, Zayatiin B, Inoue N, Xuan X, Igarashi I, Nagasawa H, Fujisaki K, Mikami T, Suzuki N, Toyoda Y. Expression of SAG-1 of Toxoplasma gondii in transgenic mice. Parasitol Res 2000; 86:263-9. [PMID: 10780733 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the expression of SAG-1 cDNA in B6C3F1 mice by microinjecting a 3.3 kbp DNA fragment, consisting of the cytomegalovirus enhancer-chicken beta-actin hybrid promoter and SAG-1 into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg at the one-cell stage. Offspring derived from this microinjection were analyzed for the integration and functional expression of the SAG-1 transgene. Steady-state expressions of both the mRNA for SAG-1 and SAG-1 protein product were detected in the brain, thymus, spleen and liver. Approximately 50% of F1 and F2 progeny inherited the SAG-1 transgene from SAG-1 transgenic mice in Mendelian fashion. These results indicated that SAG-1 transgenic lines were established. Transgenic mice harboring the SAG-1 gene will contribute a critical tool of defining the molecular mechanisms of SAG-1 in pathogenesis and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seng
- The Research Center for Protozoan Molecular Immunology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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14
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Seng S, Nagasawa H, Maki Y, Yokoyama M, Inoue N, Xuan X, Igarashi I, Saito A, Fujisaki K, Mikami T, Suzuki N, Toyoda Y. Increased susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii infection in SAG-1 transgenic mice. Int J Parasitol 1999; 29:1433-6. [PMID: 10579429 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
SAG-1, one of the major surface proteins of Toxoplasma gondii, has been reported to play an important role in immune and pathogenic mechanisms of the parasites but its exact function is still unclear. We investigated the time courses of T. gondii infection in B6C3F1 transgenic mice carrying the SAG-1 gene. SAG-1 transgenic mice were infected intraperitoneally with a high virulent RH strain or a low virulent Beverley strain of T. gondii. When infected with RH strain tachyzoites, no significant differences in time courses of survivals between SAG-1 transgenic and wild-type mice were observed. Both groups succumbed to an acute infection within 8 days after infection. However, a lower survival rate (20%) was observed in SAG-1 transgenic mice than in wild-type (80%), when infected with Beverley strain cysts. This result indicates that SAG-1 transgenic mice are more susceptible to T. gondii infection as compared with their wild-type counterpart. ELISA using recombinant SAG-1 protein indicates that SAG-1 transgenic mice do not produce antibodies to the SAG-1 molecule. These findings may provide a critical tool for analysing the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and host immune responses during toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seng
- The Research Center for Protozoan Molecular Immunology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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15
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Igarashi I, Suzuki R, Waki S, Tagawa Y, Seng S, Tum S, Omata Y, Saito A, Nagasawa H, Iwakura Y, Suzuki N, Mikami T, Toyoda Y. Roles of CD4(+) T cells and gamma interferon in protective immunity against Babesia microti infection in mice. Infect Immun 1999; 67:4143-8. [PMID: 10417185 PMCID: PMC96718 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.8.4143-4148.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia microti produces a self-limiting infection in mice, and recovered mice are resistant to reinfection. In the present study, the role of T cells in protective immunity against challenge infection was examined. BALB/c mice which recovered from primary infection showed strong protective immunity against challenge infection. In contrast, nude mice which failed to control the primary infection and were cured with an antibabesial drug did not show protection against challenge infection. Treatment of immune mice with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) diminished the protective immunity against challenge infection, but treatment with anti-CD8 MAb had no effect on the protection. Transfer of CD4(+) T-cell-depleted spleen cells resulted in higher parasitemia than transfer of CD8(+) T-cell-depleted spleen cells. A high level of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which was produced by CD4(+) T cells, was observed for the culture supernatant of spleen cells from immune mice, and treatment of immune mice with anti-IFN-gamma MAb partially reduced the protection. Moreover, no protection against challenge infection was found in IFN-gamma-deficient mice. On the other hand, treatment of immune mice with MAbs against interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or tumor necrosis factor alpha did not affect protective immunity. These results suggest essential requirements for CD4(+) T cells and IFN-gamma in protective immunity against challenge infection with B. microti.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Igarashi
- The Research Center for Protozoan Molecular Immunology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Maebashi, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Michel P, Paresy M, Lepessot F, Mauillon J, Seng S, Scotte M, Peillon C, Ducrotté P, Hemet J, Paillot B. Effect of radiation therapy on the potential doubling time of tumours in colorectal cancers. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 11:309-14. [PMID: 10333205 DOI: 10.1097/00042737-199903000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of standard fractionated radiation therapy on the kinetic parameters of colorectal adenocarcinomas. METHODS The study of tumour kinetics involved in vivo injection of bromodeoxyuridine. Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from the tumour and analysed with flow cytometry. This procedure provides a rapid calculation of qualitative parameters such as ploidy and quantitative parameters such as the in vivo S-phase fraction labelling index which indicates the percentage of cells that have entered into the cycle, the duration of S-phase (Ts) and the potential tumour doubling time (Tpot). RESULTS Thirty-eight colorectal carcinomas were studied without prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy (group 1) and ten rectal carcinomas were studied following radiation therapy (group 2). In diploid tumours, the labelling index was significantly lower in the post-radiotherapy group than in the pre-radiotherapy group (2.7 +/- 1.1% versus 6.4 +/- 4.2%, respectively; P= 0.01), and the Tpot was significantly longer after radiotherapy (group 2) (22.0 +/- 7.0 days versus 8.6 +/- 6.0 days, P = 0.002). Standard fractionated radiation therapy also appears to result in a longer Tpot in diploid adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum. This effect was not observed in aneuploid tumours. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of hyperfractionated schedules of radiation therapy for aneuploid rectal tumours with short Tpot warrants further investigation in a larger patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michel
- Centre for Screening and Treatment of Digestive Tumours, Clinique chirurgicale, Rouen University Hospital, France
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17
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Choi Y, Seng S, Toyoda Y. In vitro fertilization and embryonic development in BALB/c Mice. Theriogenology 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(98)90634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Carrie C, Alapetite C, Mere P, Aimard L, Pons A, Kolodie H, Seng S, Lagrange JL, Pontvert D, Pignon T. Quality control of radiotherapeutic treatment of medulloblastoma in a multicentric study: the contribution of radiotherapy technique to tumour relapse. The French Medulloblastoma Group. Radiother Oncol 1992; 24:77-81. [PMID: 1323134 DOI: 10.1016/0167-8140(92)90282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Between 06.86 and 11.89, 88 medulloblastoma or primitive neuroectodermic tumour (PNET) localised in the posterior fossa have been included in the M7 multicentric protocol, 82 received the totality of the radiotherapy treatment and were evaluable for this study. Twenty-two of these 82 patients relapsed: their radiotherapy treatment is analysed in the present study. In 10 cases out of the 22 relapses treatment failure was probably due to a radiotherapeutic imperfection. This study confirms the necessity of a strict radiotherapy control, particularly in multicentric study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carrie
- Radiotherapy Unit, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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