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Shibuya F, Estrada CA, Sari DP, Takeuchi R, Sasaki H, Warnaini C, Kawamitsu S, Kadriyan H, Kobayashi J. Teachers' conflicts in implementing comprehensive sexuality education: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:18. [PMID: 36973712 PMCID: PMC10042670 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) enables children and young people to learn about the cognitive, emotional, physical, and social characteristics of sexuality. Teachers experience conflicts in teaching CSE due to different cultural and religious backgrounds. This qualitative systematic review aimed to describe the conflicts experienced by teachers in the implementation of CSE in schools. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify the causes of conflict among teachers in implementing CSE. METHODS This article focused on teachers' conflicts in implementing CSE from 2010 to 2022. Online bibliographic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and ERIC, were used to search for relevant articles. The following search term was used: Teacher, Comprehensive Sexuality Education, and Conflict. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included in the review. All 11 studies were conducted in countries with a predominantly Christian population. The majority of the studies were conducted in Africa. The study respondents included teachers, school principals, and school coordinators. The studies identified that CSE implementation is related to multiple conflicts, depending on the context of the country. Five themes on the causes of conflict emerged from the thematic meta-synthesis: (1) Hesitancy in talking about sex education among teachers due to the cultural and religious context; (2) non-integration of traditional sex education into comprehensive sexuality education, (3) fostering effective facilitation of CSE among teachers, (4) determining the appropriate age to start sex education, and (5) roles of stakeholders outside the school. CONCLUSIONS This qualitative systematic review and thematic meta-synthesis highlighted several conflicts among teachers in CSE implementation. Despite the teachers having a perception that sex education should be provided, traditional sex education has not yet transformed to CSE. The study findings also emphasize the need to identify the teacher's role in CSE implementation. The thematic meta-synthesis also strongly reflected the context of Christianity in Europe and Africa; thus, further research on the religious context in other regions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Shibuya
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Crystal Amiel Estrada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Ermita Manila, Philippines
| | - Dian Puspita Sari
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Jalan Pendidikan 37, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, 83125, Indonesia
| | - Rie Takeuchi
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hirono Sasaki
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Cut Warnaini
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Jalan Pendidikan 37, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, 83125, Indonesia
| | - Saki Kawamitsu
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hamsu Kadriyan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Jalan Pendidikan 37, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, 83125, Indonesia
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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Hatakeyama K, Ota J, Takahashi Y, Kawamitsu S, Seposo X. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on heatstroke-related ambulance dispatch in the 47 prefectures of Japan. Sci Total Environ 2021; 768:145176. [PMID: 33736302 PMCID: PMC9752559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought a huge impact in daily life and has prompted people to take preventive measures. In the summertime, however, the Japanese government has cautioned that some COVID-19 pandemic conditions may affect the risk to heatstroke. This study investigated how the COVID-19 pandemic setting affected heatstroke-related ambulance dispatches (HSAD). Daily HSAD data and relevant weather parameters from June to September from 2016 to 2020 of 47 prefectures in Japan were obtained from the Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) database. A binary variable representing COVID-19 impact was created, whereby years 2016 to 2019 were coded as 0, while 2020 as 1. We employed a two-stage analysis in elucidating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HSAD. Firstly, we regressed HSAD with the COVID-19 binary variable after adjusting for relevant covariates to obtain prefecture-specific effect estimates. Prefecture-specific estimates were subsequently pooled via random effects meta-analysis in generating the pooled estimate. Pooled Relative Risk (RR) of HSAD during the COVID-19 pandemic was 0.78 (95% Confidential Interval [CI], 0.75-0.82). We found an overall statistically significant decrease in HSAD risk during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Specifically, the decrease in the risk of HSAD may be linked to the COVID-19 precautionary measures such as stay-home request and availability of alternative consultation services, which may have decreased the direct exposure of the population to extreme heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Hatakeyama
- International Health Development Course, Department of Global Health, Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junko Ota
- International Health Development Course, Department of Global Health, Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Takahashi
- International Health Development Course, Department of Global Health, Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Saki Kawamitsu
- International Health Development Course, Department of Global Health, Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Matsunaga T, Hasegawa M, Ryuno K, Kawamitsu S, Osaki K, Miura T, Ozaki Y, Kurosaka K. [Non-destructive and rapid identification of bacteria using near-infrared spectroscopy]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1995; 69:729-37. [PMID: 7616018 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.69.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has recently come to be applied extensively in agricultural, food and chemical industries, and pharmaceutical science. We have been attempting to expand this method in the field of medical science. For example, we tried to use NIR spectroscopy for determination of bacteria. As the first step of this attempt, we differentiated between Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using NIR spectroscopy. This method could still further differentiate Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Using those results as reference, the true name of bacteria from unknown bacteria was given. Not only untreated bacteria, but also we differentiated untreated MSSA, MSSA cultured in sub MIC concentration of ABPC and heat-killed MSSA. This identification method is sensitive to the bacterial concentration. In the future, the some new idea of a new direction of research from the result of plots of weights from two different bacteria will appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsunaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Aoto Hospital, Jikei University School of Medicine
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Matsunaga T, Hasegawa M, Ryuno K, Ohmayu S, Kawamitsu S, Murasaki Y, Sasamoto K, Nishitani K, Saruta K, Iikura Y. [On the antibacterial effect of hinokitiol against Staphylococcus aureus showing double zone phenomenon]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1995; 69:21-7. [PMID: 7751731 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.69.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied the antibacterial effect of Hinokitiol against Staphylococcus aureus. As reference, we studied also the antibacterial effects of the oil and water from Thujopsis dolablata var. hondai Makino which contains Hinokitiol an important element of its antibacterial effect. Interestingly, Hinokitiol showed the double zone phenomenon, i.e., minimum inhibitory concentration of hinokitiol against MSSA was 15-125 micrograms/ml and against MSSA was 125 micrograms/ml. But when the concentration of Hinokitiol was diluted to 1.87-0.94 micrograms/ml, then the growth of MSSA was inhibited (Table 1 and Fig. 1). This phenomenon was observed the study on antibacterial effect using disk containing Hinokitiol (Fig/3). Similar phenomenon were observed also in the study using water from Thujopsis dolablata (Table 2 & Fig. 2). We deduce that Hinokitiol has a strong antibacterial effect against S. aureus. But this effect shows double zone effect. The antibacterial effect of Hinokitiol is more prominent against MRSA than MSSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsunaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
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