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Decrypting the occurrence of mucormycosis following dental extractions: A systematic review. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101360. [PMID: 36863136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucormycosis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection. The present systematic review was done to provide to date summary of the frequency of rhino-orbital-mucormycosis (ROM) cases following a tooth extraction, as there was no systematic review present till now to highlight it. METHOD The PubMed, PMC, Google Scholar, and Ovid Embase databases were searched thoroughly with appropriate keywords till April 2022 including the human population with language restrictions including English literature to collate case reports and case series regarding post-extraction Mucormycosis. All the details of the patient's characteristics were extracted and presented as a table and evaluated on different endpoints. RESULTS In total, we identified 31 case reports and 1 case series that results in 38 cases with Mucormycosis. The majority of patients belong to India (47. 4%). There was male predominance (68.4%) and involvement of maxilla was the most. Pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM)(55.3%) was an independent risk factor for mucormycosis. The median period for the onset of symptoms was 30(14-75) days. 21.1% of cases presented signs and symptoms of cerebral involvement allied with DM. CONCLUSION Dental extraction can trigger ROM by rupturing the oral mucous membrane. Clinicians should pay attention to the non-healing extraction socket which may be an early clinical manifestation of it, which is the key to tackling this deadlier infection.
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Blood group discrepancy in A h para-Bombay phenotype: a rare blood group variant and its clinical significance. Immunohematology 2021; 37:160-164. [PMID: 34964314 DOI: 10.21307/immunohematology-2021-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with the rare para-Bombay phenotype have inherited defects in producing H associated with FUT1 and/or FUT2 genes. We report a case of blood group discrepancy in a para-Bombay patient from a tertiary care hospital of eastern India. A 31-year-old woman with rheumatic heart disease presented with fatigue and breathlessness and was then scheduled for valvuloplasty, for which a blood transfusion request was sent to the blood center. During pre-transfusion testing, red blood cell (RBC) testing showed group O, and serum testing showed strong reactivity with group B RBCs, weak reactivity with group O RBCs, and very weak reactivity with group A RBCs. Saliva inhibition testing and enzyme treatment of RBCs concluded the patient to be of "Ah para-Bombay" phenotype. The patient's Lewis phenotype was Le(a-b+). This patient's serum also had cold-reacting anti-IH along with anti-B. This case report highlights the importance of performing an advanced immunohematologic workup, including adsorption, elution, enzyme treatment, and saliva inhibition testing for identification of weak A or B subgroups as well as the rare para-Bombay blood group, when routine ABO typing, using forward and reverse grouping, is inconclusive. Accurate identification of blood group helps in preventing transfusion-related adverse events and encouraging safe transfusion practice. Individuals with the rare para-Bombay phenotype have inherited defects in producing H associated with FUT1 and/or FUT2 genes. We report a case of blood group discrepancy in a para-Bombay patient from a tertiary care hospital of eastern India. A 31-year-old woman with rheumatic heart disease presented with fatigue and breathlessness and was then scheduled for valvuloplasty, for which a blood transfusion request was sent to the blood center. During pre-transfusion testing, red blood cell (RBC) testing showed group O, and serum testing showed strong reactivity with group B RBCs, weak reactivity with group O RBCs, and very weak reactivity with group A RBCs. Saliva inhibition testing and enzyme treatment of RBCs concluded the patient to be of “Ah para-Bombay” phenotype. The patient’s Lewis phenotype was Le(a–b+). This patient’s serum also had cold-reacting anti-IH along with anti-B. This case report highlights the importance of performing an advanced immunohematologic workup, including adsorption, elution, enzyme treatment, and saliva inhibition testing for identification of weak A or B subgroups as well as the rare para-Bombay blood group, when routine ABO typing, using forward and reverse grouping, is inconclusive. Accurate identification of blood group helps in preventing transfusion-related adverse events and encouraging safe transfusion practice.
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IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF CANDIDATE BIOMARKERS IN EARLY DETECTION AND PROGRESSION OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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FUNCTIONAL APPRAISAL OF ORAL MICROBES IN OSCC PROGRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Delineated by Tobacco Usage Habits. Front Oncol 2021; 11:660696. [PMID: 34136393 PMCID: PMC8200776 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.660696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer of the oral cavity in India. Cigarette smoking and chewing tobacco are known risk factors associated with OSCC. However, genomic alterations in OSCC with varied tobacco consumption history are not well-characterized. In this study, we carried out whole-exome sequencing to characterize the mutational landscape of OSCC tumors from subjects with different tobacco consumption habits. We identified several frequently mutated genes, including TP53, NOTCH1, CASP8, RYR2, LRP2, CDKN2A, and ATM. TP53 and HRAS exhibited mutually exclusive mutation patterns. We identified recurrent amplifications in the 1q31, 7q35, 14q11, 22q11, and 22q13 regions and observed amplification of EGFR in 25% of samples with tobacco consumption history. We observed genomic alterations in several genes associated with PTK6 signaling. We observed alterations in clinically actionable targets including ERBB4, HRAS, EGFR, NOTCH1, NOTCH4, and NOTCH3. We observed enrichment of signature 29 in 40% of OSCC samples from tobacco chewers. Signature 15 associated with defective DNA mismatch repair was enriched in 80% of OSCC samples. NOTCH1 was mutated in 36% of samples and harbored truncating as well as missense variants. We observed copy number alterations in 67% of OSCC samples. Several genes associated with non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling were affected in OSCC. These molecules can serve as potential candidates for therapeutic targeting in OSCC.
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Proteomic Alterations Associated with Oral Cancer Patients with Tobacco Using Habits. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:255-268. [PMID: 33794113 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco abuse is a major risk factor associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Differences in molecular aberrations induced by tobacco exposure by chewing or smoking form are not well studied in case of oral cancer. We used tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic approach to delineate proteomic alterations in oral cancer patients based on their history of tobacco using habits (patients who chewed tobacco, patients who smoked tobacco, and those with no history of tobacco consumption). Our data identified distinct dysregulation of biological processes and pathways in each patient cohort. Bioinformatics analysis of dysregulated proteins identified in our proteomic study revealed dysregulation of collagen formation and antigen processing/presentation pathway in oral cancer patients who smoked tobacco, whereas proteins associated with the process of keratinization showed enrichment in patients who chewed tobacco. In addition, we identified overexpression of proteins involved in immune pathways and downregulation of muscle contraction-mediated signaling events in all three cohorts, irrespective of tobacco using habits. This study lays the groundwork for identification of protein markers that may aid in identification of high-risk patients for cancer development based on the history of tobacco exposure habits.
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Molecular alterations in oral cancer using high-throughput proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:447-459. [PMID: 33683571 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of cell differentiation is a hallmark for the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Archival Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues constitute a valuable resource for studying the differentiation of OSCC and can offer valuable insights into the process of tumor progression. In the current study, we performed LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics of FFPE specimens from pathologically-confirmed well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, and poorly-differentiated OSCC cases. The data were analyzed in four technical replicates, resulting in the identification of 2376 proteins. Of these, 141 and 109 were differentially expressed in moderately-differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC cases, respectively, compared to well-differentiated OSCC. The data revealed significant metabolic reprogramming with respect to lipid metabolism and glycolysis with proteins belonging to both these processes downregulated in moderately-differentiated OSCC when compared to well-differentiated OSCC. Signaling pathway analysis indicated the alteration of extracellular matrix organization, muscle contraction, and glucose metabolism pathways across tumor grades. The extracellular matrix organization pathway was upregulated in moderately-differentiated OSCC and downregulated in poorly differentiated OSCC, compared to well-differentiated OSCC. PADI4, an epigenetic enzyme transcriptional regulator, and its transcriptional target HIST1H1B were both found to be upregulated in moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC, indicating epigenetic events underlying tumor differentiation. In conclusion, the findings support the advantage of using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based FFPE archival blocks for clinical and translational research. The candidate signaling pathways identified in the study could be used to develop potential therapeutic targets for OSCC.
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Assessing the analytical efficacy of TEX in diagnosing oral cancer using a systematic review approach. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:123-128. [PMID: 33184963 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 5-year survival rates in OSCC depend on the stage at diagnosis. Patients have better survival and favourable outcomes if detected early, as compared to those diagnosed in advanced stages. Apart from biopsy and mucosal scraping examinations, exosomes from saliva and blood are emerging as an accessible source for diagnosis and providing additional information about the tumour's characteristics. Hence, the study of tumour-derived exosomal (TEX) biomarkers obtained from a liquid biopsy is emerging as a promising diagnostic tool. In this systematic review, our effort is to assess the role of TEX as a biomarker.
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Ranitidine: Is its injunction a warning bell? Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 53:80-81. [PMID: 33976005 PMCID: PMC8216125 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_929_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Incidence and risk predictors analysis of adverse donor reactions in whole blood donation. Transfus Clin Biol 2020; 27:207-212. [PMID: 33027707 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse donor reactions in normal healthy blood donors is not unusual. However, these unpleasant effects have a negative impact on donor retention. Adverse event due to blood donation is multifactorial in origin. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the frequency and type of adverse donor reactions during or after blood donation. More importantly, this study also aimed at analyzing important risk predictors of adverse donor reaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted from May 2017 to April 2019 in the department of Transfusion Medicine at a tertiary care center in eastern India. Data were stored in Microsoft excel 2016 by using a standardized format as per ISBT criteria and analyzed with software "R, version 3.5.3" to find out the various independent precipitating factor. RESULTS Overall, 107 donors (0.98%) experienced adverse events with 10,814 whole blood donations. The first time, females, younger age donors (18-30 years), and donors with a mean arterial blood pressure of less than 90mm of Hg were the most important independent risk factors predicting the possibility of adverse donor reaction. Donors' weight, hemoglobin, and the type of donation had not affected the frequency of adverse events. CONCLUSION Analysis of adverse donor reactions helps in selecting the blood donors who are at risk of donor reactions. Our study highlights the importance of proper predonation screening especially in terms of assessment of mean blood pressure, along with identification of first time and female blood donors in order to reduce untoward donor reaction.
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A probable surge in oral lichen planus cases under the aura of coronavirus in females in India. Oral Oncol 2020; 109:104714. [PMID: 32305308 PMCID: PMC7158810 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Haemangiopericytoma/Solitary Fibrous Tumour of Mandible: An Uncommonness in the Oral Cavity. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2019; 20:42-46. [PMID: 33584040 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-019-01263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the bewildering variety of neoplasms occurring in the head and neck region, few are unique to the oral cavity which are quite challenging to diagnose. Due to the rarity of these tumours, it is the practicing oral pathologists' accountability to confirm some of these neoplasms with or without special investigative modalities to rule out the differential diagnosis histopathologically. One in the group of such tumour prevails haemangiopericytoma aka. solitary fibrous tumour (HPC/SFT). The management of these tumours is purely histopathologically driven, since the surgical procedure is dependent on the histological diagnosis. This neoplasm is histologically very difficult to confirm as benign or malignant without the use of immunohistochemical markers. We report such a rare case of a 54-year-old female patient, histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of HPC/SFT with CD34 positivity for documentation in the literature.
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Revealing a rare inflammatory oral manifestation in a 6-year-old child. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/7/e229483. [PMID: 31340944 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old child with an episodic history of ulcerations over buccal mucosa was found to have severe inflammation on the palatal aspect of permanent first molars with grade 2 mobility bilaterally. Radiographical features were suggestive of bone loss around permanent molars extending to the distal aspect of the deciduous first molars. The clinical and radiographical findings were indicative of periodontal degeneration without any apparent cause visible intraorally. Further biopsy was done from the rashes present on the malar prominences, which showed nodular aggregates of atypical cells in superficial dermis. These large histiocytic cells with vesicular nuclei and nuclear grooves were immunopositive for CD1a and S100, concluding the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. For treatment, patient was referred to Department of Haemato-oncology and chemotherapy was suggested as per protocol.
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How far can regulating TRIM16 help reduce malignant transformation of OPMD’s to OSCC? Oral Oncol 2019; 90:123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from saliva samples of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2019.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in saliva samples of pre-surgical oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients along with their resistance pattern to other antibiotics. Methods: Saliva samples of OSCC patients were collected and processed for isolation of MRSA. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were primarily identified using standard microbiological methods like biochemical assays, specialized media and latex agglutination test. Confirmation of MRSA strains was done by growing the isolates on MRSA agar and by using PCR to amplify two MRSA specific genes. All the isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results: A total of 17 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from 50 saliva samples of pre-surgical OSCC patients of which 13 were confirmed to be MRSA. These MRSA strains were also found to be mostly resistant to other commonly used antibiotics. Univariate analysis revealed that most patients with MRSA infections had a prior history of hospitalization and surgery. Also, it was confirmed that patients with other comorbidities and infections were more prone to having MRSA present in the saliva. Conclusion: The majority of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the saliva of OSCC patients were MRSA, and were resistant to several other commonly used antibiotics.
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Can topical 5-fluorouracil be used as a viable treatment option for oral premalignant lesions and tumors? Oral Oncol 2019; 91:128. [PMID: 30777597 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Publisher Correction: Identification of oral cancer related candidate genes by integrating protein-protein interactions, gene ontology, pathway analysis and immunohistochemistry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8356. [PMID: 29795131 PMCID: PMC5966385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Testican 1 (SPOCK1) and protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type S (PTPRS) show significant increase in saliva of tobacco users with oral cancer. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x18800534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To identify potential candidate proteins which are secretory in nature and present at a higher abundance in oral cancer patients with tobacco habits. Methods: Conditioned media of tobacco-treated and -untreated non-neoplastic oral keratinocytes were analyzed using iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry. Hypersecreted proteins; SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1); prosaposin (PSAP); and protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type S (PTPRS) were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using saliva samples from oral cancer patients who are tobacco users. Results: Proteomic analysis of tobacco-treated and -untreated cells led to the identification of 2873 proteins. Among these, 378 proteins showed high abundance and 253 proteins showed low abundance (2-fold cutoff) in conditioned-media of tobacco-treated cells. ELISA-based validation showed significantly higher levels of SPOCK1, PSAP, and PTPRS in oral cancer patients with tobacco chewing habits compared to healthy controls. However, PSAP showed low specificity compared to SPOCK1 and PTPRS. Conclusions: This study indicates significantly increased levels of SPOCK1, PSAP, and PTPRS in saliva of oral cancer patients with tobacco habits. These protein biomarkers might be useful to identify tobacco users with high risk of developing oral cancers.
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Time to tame necroptosis - viable combat against chemo resistant oral cancer cells. Oncol Rev 2018; 12:358. [PMID: 29983903 PMCID: PMC6007164 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2018.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Till 1998, a little was known about alternative forms of regulated cell death beside apoptosis. In present scenario, accumulating evidences suggest a form of programmed necrosis called Necroptosis which can be induced by various external stimuli including anticancer drugs, ionizing radiation, photodynamic therapy in the form of death domain receptor (DR) engagement by their respective ligands, TNF-alpha, Fas ligand (FasL) and TRAIL, under apoptosis deficient condition (caspase inhibitor), etc. receptor interacting protein-1 (RIP-1), a death domain containing kinase is the key molecule in necroptotic cell death pathway. On interaction with an additional protein RIP-3 to form an intracellular complex (complex-IIb), it triggers the various downstream mechanisms of necroptosis which includes: i) excessive production reactive oxygen species (ROS) as RIP-3 interacts with metabolic enzymes (glycogen phosphorylase, glutamate dehydrogenase) which increases the concentration of substrates for oxidative phophorylation - a major source of ROS; ii) mitochondrial dysfunction (mitrochondrial permeability transition ). Necrostatin (Nec-1) and CYLD act as negative and positive regulators for this mode of cell death.TNF the master pro-inflammatory cytokine has been known to either promote gene activation or to induce RIPK1 kinase-dependent cell death, in the form of apoptosis or necroptosis. Autophagy has also been proposed as an execution mechanism for necroptosis. There is growing evidence of impairment of necroptosis in tumerogenesis of various human cancers such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, epidermal cancer and non Hodgkins lymphoma.As conventional anticancer drugs are usually apoptosis inducers, the development of apoptosis resistant cell clones is inevitable owing to cancer heterogeneity and mutation leading to failure of standard chemotherapy. It is a known fact that triggering necroptosis could be an alternative way to eradicate apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. Development of a new class of anticancer drug targeting this alternative pathway of the cell death is the need of the hour. Few in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted showing excellent anti-tumor effect in both drug sensitive and resistant cases by targeting different modulators of necroptotic pathway: i) shikonin-a naturally occurring naphthoquinone showed prompt but profound anti-tumor effect on both primary and metastatic tumor i.e. cancer cell lines and osteosarcoma by inducing RIPK1 and RIPK3 dependent necroptosis; ii) staurosporine-generally accepted inducer of intrinsic apoptotic pathway and it is a wide spectrum inhibitor of protein kinases. It can induce necroptosis in caspase compromised conditions; iii) deoxypodophyllotoxin - a naturally occurring microtubule destabilizer successfully induced necroptosis in both drug sensitive and drug resistant cancer cell lines; iv) targeting Nec-1, a specific inhibitor of necroptosis can help in inducing necroptosis to enhance the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is known to induces both Nec-1 inhibition and FLIPS regulation-mediated apoptosis/necroptosis; v) obatoclax induces the interaction of p62 with RIP1K, RIP3K and FADD, key components of the necrosome and can mediate cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells via autophagy-dependent necroptosis.Despite the rigorous implement of conventional therapies, increased number of refractory cases is unavoidable due to acquired resistance of cancer cells, badly affecting survival rate of OSCC. Additional knowledge about the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance and development of novel targeted therapy using alternative pathway of cell death and less susceptible to known resistance mechanisms i.e. necroptosis-based cancer therapy may help in designing effective anticancer strategies for OSCC .
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Establishing Fascin over-expression as a strategic regulator of neoplastic aggression and lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 30:36-41. [PMID: 28965626 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has an aggressive behaviour with high incidence of nodal metastasis, even in the early stages, leading to poor prognosis. For progression and metastasis of cancers, the dominant element considered is cell motility. Fascin, an actin-binding protein has emerged as a protein of general importance for a diverse set of cell protrusions with functions in cell adhesion, cell interactions, and cell migration. The role of Fascin in various carcinomas, including aggressive behaviour in OSCC has been documented, but its role as a key regulator in lymph nodes metastasis is yet to be validated. AIM This study was piloted to evaluate and correlate Fascin expression in OSCC lymph nodes and understand the role of Fascin in contemptuous Lesional tissue, as a predictor of survival. A retrospective study designed with 40 archival OSCC cases was included as sample, 20 each of both lymph node metastasis +ve (Group 1) and -ve (Group 2) groups. All the participants were smokeless tobacco user and had tumor located at gingivo-buccal complex. RESULTS We established that Fascin over-expression in lymph nodes were significantly associated with clinico-histopathological parameters like staging (p=0.01), tumor size (cT) (p=0.03) and differentiation; and furthermore it was highly significant in correlation to nodal status (cN) (*p≤0.001). Fascin over-expression in lymph node metastasis positive cases correlated with that of Fascin expression in contemptuous Lesional tissue signifying its role in promoting aggressive progression and metastasis. This association was found to be statistically significant (p value=0.05). Overall Survival Analysis of both lymph node metastasis +ve and -ve groups assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis (taking death and recurrence into consideration) showed patients with high Fascin expression (in lymph node and Lesional tissue) had shorter overall survival than patients who had no to weak Fascin expression. CONCLUSION Our findings thereby establish Fascin expression as a regulator of metastasis in OSCC tumor microenvironment and predictor of survival.
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Chemokines accentuating protumoral activities in oral cancer microenvironment possess an imperious stratagem for therapeutic resolutions. Oral Oncol 2016; 60:8-17. [PMID: 27531867 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, the chemotactic cytokines have established their role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Studies, which explored their role in oral cancer for protumoral activity, point towards targeting chemokines for oral squamous cell carcinoma therapy. The need of the hour is to emphasize/divulge in the activities of chemokine ligands and their receptors in the tumor microenvironment for augmentation of such stratagems. This progressing sentience of chemokines and their receptors has inspired this review which is an endeavour to comprehend their role as an aid in accentuating hallmarks of cancer and targeted therapy.
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Emphasizing on heat shock protein 90's utility in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treatment. J Cancer Res Ther 2014; 9:583-6. [PMID: 24518700 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.126451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) a member of the heat shock proteins (HSPs) family, is an adenosine triphosphate dependent molecular chaperone protein, which integrates multiple oncogenic pathways. Clinically, encouraging results have been demonstrated in melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia, castrate refractory prostate cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma and multiple myeloma using the first generation Hsp90 inhibitors. Hsp90 as the target of anticancer activity of geldanamycin sparked much interest in the inhibition of Hsp90 as a strategy for the treatment of cancer. Hsp90 inhibitors demonstrate rapid clearance from normal tissues and the blood compartment with prolonged retention in tumors making it a sought after modality for treating cancer. Our review emphasizes its role as anti-cancer therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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Evaluating the efficacy of osteopontin expression as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Indian subpopulation. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 18:S11-5. [PMID: 25364158 PMCID: PMC4211217 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.141327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to correlate the prognostic value of osteopontin (OPN) expression using both tissue and plasma samples from patients with clinically and histologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods and Materials: The study group comprised of sixty patients (n = 60), which were clinically and histologically diagnosed for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The Control group comprised of ten (n = 10) healthy volunteers. Plasma OPN levels were assayed using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (OPN ELISA). Expression of OPN was also identified and evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue sections. These OPN expressions were then correlated with different parameters like age, sex, site, clinical presentation, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, histopathological grading and lymph node metastasis. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the difference in tissue intensity and plasma OPN levels between the OSCC and the normal control groups. Results: The distribution of the plasma OPN levels and tissue OPN intensity in OSCC cohorts were compared to histopathological grades and analyzed. When evaluated OPN expression in tissue had higher intensity observed in OSCC (95% +ve) cases. And the mean plasma OPN concentration in OSCC cohort was more in comparison to the normal cohort. The results clearly showed that the plasma OPN levels and intensity grading in tissue correlated with tumor grades. Conclusion: The study highlights OPN as a biomarker for prognosis in OSCC in both plasma and tissue samples. We would like to emphasize on the evaluation of plasma OPN as a protocol of blood examination for all cancer patient, as it may serve as an indicator for tumor progression and potential risk of metastasis.
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Caveolin-1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment: an overview. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9487-95. [PMID: 25123270 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oncogenic cell transformation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Increased expression of caveolin-1 in an array of tumors has confirmed its value in prognosis. It has been established that oxidative stress is the main cause for loss of stromal caveolin-1 via autophagy in the tumor microenvironment. In this overview, we attempt to abridge the relationship between caveolin-1 and oral squamous cell carcinoma, taking all the established theories into consideration.
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Incorporation of salivary metabolomics in oral cancer diagnostics. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:e53-4. [PMID: 25128294 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Use of phage display technique in treatment of HNSCC. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:e49-50. [PMID: 25027475 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) has a limited biological profile and been an attention-grabbing tumor for a century for its origin. Though described earlier, it was widely accepted after Harbitz from Norway reported about this uncommon benign tumor in 1915. There has been a long debate as whether this tumor is a hamartoma or a neoplasm. Here, we present a case of AOT in a 20-year-old female with details of clinical, radiological and histological features along with clear cell changes, signifying AOT to be more aggressive in nature than assessed from earlier literature. Thus, we did an extensive search of PubMed literature on AOT with all its histopathological features associated until date to find the report of clear cell changes yet.
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The role and efficacy of herbal antimicrobial agents in orthodontic treatment. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC12-4. [PMID: 25121056 PMCID: PMC4129259 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7349.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect of herbal antimicrobial agents on Streptococcus mutans count in biofilm formations during orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We calculated the growth inhibition of oral bacteria in the orthodontic appliances after herbal antibacterial agents were placed in culture media. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of these agents on Streptococcus mutans growth were determined. After cultivating colonies of Streptococci in biofilm medium with these herbal antimicrobial agents and orthodontic attachments, viable cell counting was performed from the bacteria which were attached on them. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of morphology was observed on bacterial cells which were attached to orthodontic attachments. The effects of these agents were then evaluated and recommendations were forwarded. RESULTS There was an increase in count of Streptococcus mutans with respect to the herbal antibacterial agents. CONCLUSION Despite the antibacterial functions of these herbal agents, there was increase in the biofilm formation caused by Streptococcus mutans to orthodontic bands, which had occurred most likely through upregulation of glucosyl transferase expression. These extracts may thus play an important role in increased bacterial attachment to orthodontic wires. Thus, this study was corroborative of an amalgamation of Ayurvedic therapy and Orthodontic treatment.
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Expansile congenital soft-tissue mass: a massive presentation. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2014; 57:148-9. [PMID: 24739859 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.130931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, a rare presentation in children: two case reports. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2014; 32:149-51. [PMID: 24739915 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.130977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare and benign odontogenic neoplasm that affects the jaws. It is certainly an atypical instance to find this tumor in children. Here, we present two case reports of CEOT presenting in mandible of a 12- and 13-year-old female child, respectively. CEOT have been reported to show features of malignant transformation also.
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Abstract
Fibrosarcoma (FS) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the fibroblasts that is uncommon in the head and neck and constitutes less than 1% of malignancies and approximately 6% of the soft tissue sarcomas. FSs rarely occur before the third decade except infantile type. This condition primarily affects long bones, and its occurrence in the cranium is rare (15%), with the mandible being the most commonly involved cranial site. Here a case of primary FS in anterior maxilla of an 8-year-old male child is reported. This article is presented to document the rarity of FSs in the jaws of children with review of literature.
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Osteopontin: a marker for invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma but not for potentially malignant epithelial dysplasias. Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 17:421-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Unicystic Ameloblastoma Masquerading as Huge Periapical Lesion, both Clinically and Histopathologically: Two Case Reports with Review of Literature. J Clin Imaging Sci 2013; 3:9. [PMID: 24516772 PMCID: PMC3906656 DOI: 10.4103/2156-7514.119156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is one of the variants of ameloblastoma. It manifests as unilocular radiolucency in the mandible or maxilla on X-ray scans. In very rare cases, it can appear as a localized periradicular radiolucent area, imitating a periapical lesion. In this article, we present two cases of UA that were initially misdiagnosed as periapical lesions. Subsequently, surgical enucleation was performed and the diagnosis of UA was confirmed histopathologically.
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Photodynamic therapy: the imminent milieu for treating oral lesions. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1254-7. [PMID: 23905154 PMCID: PMC3708249 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5767.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used in curative and palliative treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other oral lesions. Oral infections (such as mucosal and endodontic infections, periodontal diseases, caries, and peri-implantitis) are among the specific targets where PDT can be applied Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy depends on the local dose deposited in the lesion as well as oxygen availability in the lesion. Further long-term clinical studies are necessary in establishing a more specific place of the technique in the field of dentistry.
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Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, its implication in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a mini review. Oral Dis 2013; 20:246-53. [PMID: 23574536 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The communication between tumor stromal and parenchymal cells provides an insight to tumor progression. One of the main elements of the stroma, a major contributor to the extracellular environment of tumors, is carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. They can originate from either normal fibroblasts in the immediate vicinity of the tumor or from circulating bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. These myofibroblasts can arise locally from an endothelial-mesenchymal transformation at the invasive edge of the cancer and are physically associated with carcinoma cells, that is, in the development of high-grade malignancies and poor prognosis. These carcinoma-associated fibroblasts feed the epithelial tumor cells in a host-parasite relationship establishing its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression.
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Trends in salivary diagnostics – A 5-year review of Oral Oncology (2007–2011). Oral Oncol 2012; 48:e22-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Comment on “Chole RH et al. Review of drug treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 2012; 48(5):393–398”. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:e13-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Comment on "Tumour infiltration depth P4 mm is an indication for an elective neck dissection in pT1cN0 oral squamous cell carcinoma" by Melchers et al., Oral Oncol 2012;48(4):337-42. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:e20-1. [PMID: 22421292 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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64 Young people's involvement in an HIV/AIDS care & support program: The key to combating the epidemic. Int J Infect Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(06)80061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Balloon mitral valvuloplasty during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(03)00444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mucosal and systemic antibody responses to a C4/V3 construct following DNA vaccination of rabbits via the Peyer's patch. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:850-3. [PMID: 9728557 DOI: 10.1086/515341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A plasmid encoding T1-SP10MN(A), a peptide derived from immunodominant regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120, was delivered to rabbit Peyer's patches using a helium-driven gene gun. Six weeks thereafter, 2 of 5 animals were given an intradermal booster immunization. Blood, feces, and vaginal washes were collected weekly and assayed by ELISA. High titer T1-SP10MN(A)-specific fecal and vaginal secretory IgA responses were observed, and the response appeared to be augmented following dermal booster immunizations. Specific serum IgG was also detected within 1 week of immunization and remained elevated through week 20 in the 2 animals receiving dermal boosts (titers > or = 6400). This study establishes the Peyer's patch as a promising target tissue for DNA vaccination and demonstrates the efficacy of gene gun-mediated delivery of foreign DNA to a mucosal tissue for the induction of an immune response.
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