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Vaccination impact on impending HIV-COVID-19 dual epidemic with autogenous behavior modification: Hill-type functional response and premeditated optimization technique. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:033104. [PMID: 38427935 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
An HIV-COVID-19 co-infection dynamics is modeled mathematically assimilating the vaccination mechanism that incorporates endogenous modification of human practices generated by the COVID-19 prevalence, absorbing the relevance of the treatment mechanism in suppressing the co-infection burden. Envisaging a COVID-19 situation, the HIV-subsystem is analyzed by introducing COVID-19 vaccination for the HIV-infected population as a prevention, and the "vaccination influenced basic reproduction number" of HIV is derived. The mono-infection systems experience forward bifurcation that evidences the persistence of diseases above unit epidemic thresholds. Delicate simulation methodologies are employed to explore the impacts of baseline vaccination, prevalence-dependent spontaneous behavioral change that induces supplementary vaccination, and medication on the dual epidemic. Captivatingly, a paradox is revealed showing that people start to get vaccinated at an additional rate with the increased COVID-19 prevalence, which ultimately diminishes the dual epidemic load. It suggests increasing the baseline vaccination rate and the potency of propagated awareness. Co-infection treatment needs to be emphasized parallelly with single infection medication under dual epidemic situations. Further, an optimization technique is introduced to the co-infection model integrating vaccination and treatment control mechanisms, which approves the strategy combining vaccination with awareness and medication as the ideal one for epidemic and economic gain. Conclusively, it is manifested that waiting frivolously for any anticipated outbreak, depending on autogenous behavior modification generated by the increased COVID-19 prevalence, instead of elevating vaccination campaigns and the efficacy of awareness beforehand, may cause devastation to the population under future co-epidemic conditions.
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Catastrophic and noncatastrophic population crashes in a bitrophic system with dynamic additional food provision to cooperative predators. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:024224. [PMID: 38491580 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.024224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In this article we contemplate the dynamics of an additional food-provided prey-predator system. We assume that the behavior of cooperative predators induces fear in prey, which radically affects the prey's birth and death rates. We observe that the structural instability imposed by strong cooperative hunting among predators goes away with higher intensities of fear levels affecting the prey's reproductive output and mortality. High levels of prey refuge are not conducive to the survival of predators. In such a situation, adequate supply of high-quality additional food is favorable regarding the persistence and stability of the system. Interestingly, the system potentially exhibits two stable configurations under identical ecological conditions by allowing different bifurcation scenarios, including saddle-node and backward bifurcations, and associated hysteresis effects with prey refuge along with additional food quantity and quality. In the stochastic environment, the system experiences critical transitions through bifurcation-induced tipping events with time-varying additional food for predators. Enhanced disturbance events promote noise-induced switching and tipping events. Finally, our investigation explores whether impending population crashes resulting from the variability of additional food quantity and quality can reliably be predicted using early warning signals in the context of redshifted noise. Overall, our results may provide insights for finding control strategies in the context of community ecology.
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Muscle coactivation during gait in children with and without cerebral palsy. Gait Posture 2024; 108:110-116. [PMID: 38029482 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) walk with an uncoordinated gait compared to Typically Developing (TD) children. This behavior may reflect greater muscle co-activation in the lower limb; however, findings are inconsistent, and the determinants of this construct are unclear. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES (i) Compare lower-limb muscle co-activation during gait in children with, and without CP, and (ii) determine the extent to which muscle co-activation is influenced by electromyography normalization procedures and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) class. METHODS An electromyography system measured muscle activity in the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles during walking in 46 children (19 CP, 27 TD). Muscle co-activation was calculated for the tibialis anterior-gastrocnemius (TA-G), rectus femoris-gastrocnemius (RF-G), and rectus femoris-semitendinosus (RF-S) pairings, both using root mean squared (RMS)-averaged and dynamically normalized data, during stance and swing. Mann-Whitney U and independent t-tests examined differences in muscle co-activation by group (CP vs. TD) and GMFCS class (CP only), while mean difference 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals compared electromyography normalization procedures. RESULTS Using dynamically normalized data, the CP group had greater muscle co-activation for the TA-G and RF-G pairs during stance (p < 0.01). Using RMS-averaged data, the CP group had greater muscle co-activation for TA-G (stance and swing, p < 0.01), RF-G (stance, p < 0.05), and RF-S (swing, p < 0.01) pairings. Muscle co-activation calculated with dynamically normalized, compared to RMS-averaged data, were larger in the RF-S and RF-G (stance) pairs, but smaller during swing (RF-G). Children with CP classified as GMFCS II had greater muscle co-activation during stance in the TA-G pair (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Greater muscle co-activation observed in children with CP during stance may reflect a less robust gait strategy. Although data normalization procedures influence muscle co-activation ratios, this behavior was observed independent of normalization technique.
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First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:041002. [PMID: 37566836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9 GeV/c^{2}. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36 GeV/c^{2}, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10^{-48} cm at the 90% confidence level.
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Toxicity-mediated regime shifts in a contaminated nutrient-plankton system. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:023106. [PMID: 36859222 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we contemplate the dynamics of a three-tier system of nutrient, phytoplankton, and zooplankton with a gestation delay of discrete type and a distributed delay in nutrient recycling. Phytoplankton secretion-mediated alteration in the grazing pattern of zooplankton is encapsulated by a Monod-Haldane functional response. We carry out global sensitivity analysis for identifying the crucial model parameters having a significant impact on zooplankton density. The system potentially exhibits bistable configurations under identical ecological conditions by allowing different bifurcation scenarios, including multiple saddle-node and transcritical bifurcations with varying input rates of nutrients and inhibitory effects of phytoplankton against zooplankton. We observe that the gestation delay in zooplankton is responsible for the emergence of noxious bloom events. Interestingly, when the delay parameter crosses a threshold, the system experiences chaotic disorder, which prognosticates the onset of irregular bloom. Furthermore, by adding Gaussian white noise, we have extended the deterministic model to its stochastic counterpart. We found that white noise appears to regulate the survival and extinction of interacting populations. Comprehensive numerical simulations are consistent with mathematical results prognosticated by linear analysis.
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6
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Schooling behavior driven complexities in a fear-induced prey-predator system with harvesting under deterministic and stochastic environments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1234. [PMID: 36683069 PMCID: PMC9868125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-being of humans is closely linked to the well-being of species in any ecosystem, but the relationship between humans and nature has changed over time as societies have become more industrialized. In order to ensure the future of our ecosystems, we need to protect our planet's biodiversity. In this work, a prey-predator model with fear dropping prey's birth as well as death rates and nonlinear harvesting, is investigated. In addition, we consider that the consumption rate of predators, i.e., the functional response, is dependent on schooling behavior of both species. We have investigated the local stability of the equilibrium points and different types of bifurcations, such as transcritical, saddle-node, Hopf and Bogdanov-Takens (BT). We find that consumption rate of predator, fear and harvesting effort give complex dynamics in the neighbourhood of BT-points. Harvesting effort has both stabilizing and destabilizing effects. There is bistability between coexistence and predator-free equilibrium points in the system. Further, we have studied the deterministic model in fluctuating environment. Simulation results of stochastic system includes time series solutions of one simulation run and corresponding phase portraits. Notably, several simulation runs are conducted to obtain time series solutions, histograms, and stationary distributions. Our findings exhibit that during stochastic processes, model species fluctuate around some average values of the deterministic steady-state for lower environmental disturbances. However, higher values of environmental disturbances lead the species to extinction.
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A Fokker-Planck Framework for Parameter Estimation and Sensitivity Analysis in Colon Cancer. AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 2022; 2522:070005. [PMID: 36276480 PMCID: PMC9583768 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new stochastic framework for parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification in colon cancer-induced immune response is presented. The dynamics of colon cancer is given by a stochastic process that captures the inherent randomness in the system. The stochastic framework is based on the Fokker-Planck equation that represents the evolution of the probability density function corresponding to the stochastic process. An optimization problem is formulated that takes input individual patient data with randomness present, and is solved to obtain the unknown parameters corresponding to the individual tumor characteristics. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis of the optimal parameter set is performed to determine the parameters that need to be controlled, thus, providing information of the type of drugs that can be used for treatment.
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Effect of seasonally forced noisy environment on aquatic prey-predator model with water level fluctuations. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2022; 32:093115. [PMID: 36182375 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the impact of environmental noise on prey-predator interactions with seasonal fluctuations in water levels has been studied. Both intensity of noise and water level variations together play a significant role in the dynamics of an aquatic prey-predator system. Analytically, we have shown the existence of a positive solution and its uniqueness, the ultimate bound of the system's solutions, and the global attractivity of the solution. Moreover, parametric conditions for which model species either persist (strongly or weakly) in the system or go into extinction are derived and their biological significance is also discussed. The sufficient condition of stochastic permanence is also analyzed. To justify the analytical results, we have performed numerical simulations of both deterministic and stochastic systems and observed some significant dynamics in the considered system.
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Results on photon-mediated dark-matter–nucleus interactions from the PICO-60
C3F8
bubble chamber. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.042004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Search for continuous gravitational wave emission from the Milky Way center in O3 LIGO-Virgo data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Removal of antibiotics and pharmaceutically active compounds from water Environment: Experiments towards industrial scale up. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Lipinski Analysis of New Hybrids Containning 1,2,3-Triazoles and Dihydropyrimidinone Scaffolds. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222070210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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P-105 Genetic variants in the spermatogenic transcription regulators RFX2 and TAF7 enhance the incidence of azoospermia. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
What are the genetic variants of meiotic regulator genes that are implicated in male infertility among men from West Bengal, India?
Summary answer
TAF7 C16T (MW827584 G > A) and RFX2 562delT (MZ560629delA) new variations may have a major impact on optimal fertility in men from West Bengal.
What is known already
According to published research, roughly 50% of reported infertility cases in India are due to male reproductive abnormalities. Because of the involvement of several gene regulatory networks in the spermatogenesis process, the genetic etiology of idiopathic male infertility remains a mystery. The AZF region of the Y chromosome microdeletion has been discovered as a prevalent cause of male infertility across all ethnicities. Infertility in men has also been linked to sex chromosomal copy number variation and autosomal gene polymorphisms.
Study design, size, duration
This is a case-control study to infer whether the genetic variants are significantly associated in favor of cases or in favor of controls. The study included 160 healthy male controls and 150 azoospermic cases submitted to the Institute of Reproductive Medicine in Kolkata (IRM). All of the subjects agreed to participate in the study and provided blood and sperm samples. The duration of the study is three years. Seminograms were made to filter azoospermic individuals.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
2 ml of venous blood samples were taken from azoospermic men using the venipuncture procedure and stored in EDTA coated vacutainer tubes at -20°C for DNA isolation.QIAamp Blood Mini Kit was used to isolate genomic DNA. For PCR analysis, unique primers for TAF7 and RFX2 functional domains were created. Taq Dye Deoxy Terminator sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) and ABI Prism 377 DNA sequencer were used to analyze PCR results.
Main results and the role of chance
We have found two significant genetic alterations in the coding region of TAF7 and RFX2 which are MW827584 G > A(C16T) and MZ560629delA(562delT) respectively. Both were found to have a strong association to the occurrence of azoospermia. For MW827584 G > A, minor allele ‘A’ has shown elevated risk of azoospermic against the odd 4.684 (95% C.I = 2.900-7.564, Relative risk =2.110, p value = <0.001). Fisher’s exact test was performed to calculate Odds ratios with respective 95% confidence interval (CI). After Bonferroni's correction, a two-tailed P-value of less than 0.02 was considered statistically significant throughout. Only the case sample cohort had the RFX2 deletion MZ560629 delA. Only 9 cases with this unique deletion in heterozygous form were found out of 150 azoospermic patients. This frameshift mutation results in the production of an early termination signal at exon 6, resulting in the creation of a truncated protein. The wild-type RFX2 protein has 729 amino acids but this frameshift mutation results in a 212-amino-acid RFX2 protein that lacks several secondary motifs and domains, rendering the wild-type function useless. In silico analysis of SIFT, PROVEAN, MUTATION TASTER and REGULATION SPOTTER predicted that these genetic variants are disease-causing.
Limitations, reasons for caution
There are some potential limitations to our research. A larger sample size investigation is needed to reconfirm the genetic association study. Moreover, confounding effects of allelic variation of those genetic modifiers may cause differences in the manifestation of fertility state along with the allelic variants of TAF7 and RFX2 genes.
Wider implications of the findings
This diagnostic technique will not only reduce the hazards connected with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), but it will also provide insight into previously unknown areas of infertility and enable clinicians in conducting a more thorough investigation of the patients.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Erratum: Constraints on dark matter-nucleon effective couplings in the presence of kinematically distinct halo substructures using the DEAP-3600 detector [Phys. Rev. D
102
, 082001 (2020)]. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.029901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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First Direct Detection Constraints on Planck-Scale Mass Dark Matter with Multiple-Scatter Signatures Using the DEAP-3600 Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:011801. [PMID: 35061499 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.011801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dark matter with Planck-scale mass (≃10^{19} GeV/c^{2}) arises in well-motivated theories and could be produced by several cosmological mechanisms. A search for multiscatter signals from supermassive dark matter was performed with a blind analysis of data collected over a 813 d live time with DEAP-3600, a 3.3 t single-phase liquid argon-based detector at SNOLAB. No candidate signals were observed, leading to the first direct detection constraints on Planck-scale mass dark matter. Leading limits constrain dark matter masses between 8.3×10^{6} and 1.2×10^{19} GeV/c^{2}, and ^{40}Ar-scattering cross sections between 1.0×10^{-23} and 2.4×10^{-18} cm^{2}. These results are interpreted as constraints on composite dark matter models with two different nucleon-to-nuclear cross section scalings.
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Impact of saturated treatments on HIV-TB dual epidemic as a consequence of COVID-19: optimal control with awareness and treatment. NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 2022; 109:143-176. [PMID: 35431455 PMCID: PMC8989269 DOI: 10.1007/s11071-022-07395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose an HIV-TB co-infection model by considering the treatment provision limitation induced by recent COVID-19 pandemic that impacts this dual epidemic immensely, assimilating the significance of educational attempts. We analyze the model and its submodels with single infections individually. We obtain the awareness-induced basic reproduction numbers and discuss the global stability of disease-free equilibrium when provision limitation is zero. We observe that the submodels exhibit forward as well as backward bifurcations under provision restriction. Further, we derive thresholds for resource limitations regulating the dynamical behavior of the systems while analyzing the stability of endemic equilibrium of the models with single infections. Sophisticated simulation approaches are implemented to discover the influences of provision-restricted medication and awareness on dual epidemic. Our findings convey the persistence of co-infection though the basic reproduction number is below unity, if the provision restriction remains uncurbed. An observable insight is that, in spite of having epidemic threshold less than unity and no limitation in TB treatment, co-infection relapses and persists in the population, when there is no awareness attempt. Numerical findings emphasize the urgent need of increased treatment accessibility and importance of awareness in the current situation. Moreover, an optimization problem incorporating treatment and awareness controls is formulated and solved to find the ideal strategy to manage HIV-TB co-epidemic that recommends to diminish the medical resource limitation to get the enormous impact in dominating the adversity caused by COVID-19.
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance and Patient Care in the United Kingdom. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:1222-1226. [PMID: 34941016 PMCID: PMC9305926 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is lethal and transmissible. We assessed the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on UK CJD surveillance. We hypothesized that (i) disruptions prolonged diagnostic latency; (ii) autopsy rates declined; and (iii) COVID‐19 infection negatively affected diagnosis, care, and survival. Methods We retrospectively investigated the first year of the pandemic, using the preceding year as a comparator, quantifying numbers of individuals assessed by the UK National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit for suspected CJD, time to diagnosis, disease duration, and autopsy rates. We evaluated the impact of COVID‐19 status on diagnosis, care, and survival in CJD. Results A total of 148 individuals were diagnosed with CJD in the pandemic (from a total of 166 individuals assessed) compared to 141 in the comparator (from 145 assessed). No differences were identified in disease duration or time to diagnosis. Autopsy rates were unchanged. Twenty individuals had COVID‐19; 60% were symptomatic, and 10% had severe disease. Disruptions in diagnosis and care were frequently identified. Forty percent of COVID‐19‐positive individuals died; however, COVID‐19 status did not significantly alter survival duration in CJD. Conclusions The COVID‐19 pandemic has not impacted UK CJD case ascertainment or survival, but diagnostic evaluation and clinical care of individuals have been affected.
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A delay non-autonomous model for the combined effects of fear, prey refuge and additional food for predator. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2021; 15:580-622. [PMID: 34789068 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2021.2001583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the combined effects of fear, prey refuge and additional food for predator in a predator-prey system with Beddington type functional response. We observe oscillatory behaviour of the system in the absence of fear, refuge and additional food whereas the system shows stable dynamics if anyone of these three factors is introduced. After analysing the behaviour of system with fear, refuge and additional food, we find that the system destabilizes due to fear factor whereas refuge and additional food stabilize the system by killing persistent oscillations. We extend our model by considering the fact that after sensing the chemical/vocal cue, prey takes some time for assessing the predation risk. The delayed system shows chaotic dynamics through multiple stability switches for increasing values of time delay. Moreover, we see the impact of seasonal change in the level of fear on the delayed as well as non-delayed system.
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Feasibility of Interdigitation of Intracavitary High Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Carcinoma Cervix in the Era of Concurrent Chemoradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Comparative occurrence of ESBL/AmpC beta‐lactamase‐producing
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella
in contract farm and backyard broilers. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:53-62. [PMID: 34618368 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A randomized controlled trial of restricted versus standard fluid management in late preterm and term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2021; 13:477-487. [PMID: 32444567 DOI: 10.3233/npm-190400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient tachypnea of the newborn(TTNB) is the most common respiratory morbidity in late preterm and term babies and is pathophysiologically related to delayed lung fluid clearance after birth. Mimicking low physiological fluid intake in the initial period of life may accelerate the recovery from TTNB. In a randomized controlled trial, we compared the roles of restricted versus standard fluid management in babies with TTNB requiring respiratory support. METHODS This parallel group,non-blinded, stratified randomized controlled trial was conducted in a level III neonatal unit of eastern India. Late preterm and term babies with TTNB requiring continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were randomly allocated to standard and restricted fluid arms for the first 72 hours (hrs). Primary outcome was CPAP duration. RESULTS In total, 100 babies were enrolled in this study with 50 babies in each arm. CPAP duration was significantly less in the restricted arm (48[42, 54] hrs vs 54[48,72] hrs, p = 0.002). However, no difference was observed in the incidence of CPAP failure between the two arms. In the subgroup analysis, the benefit of reduced CPAP duration persisted in late preterm but not in term infants. However, the effect was not significant in the late preterm babies exposed to antenatal steroid. CONCLUSION This trial demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of restrictive fluid strategy in reducing CPAP duration in late preterm and term babies with TTNB. Late preterm babies, especially those not exposed to antenatal steroid were the most benefitted by this strategy.
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Role of awareness to control transmission of HIV/AIDS epidemic with treatment and sensitivity analysis. JOURNAL OF STATISTICS & MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09720510.2021.1923925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2021; 81:823. [PMID: 34720726 PMCID: PMC8550104 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from 39 Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD estimator: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the mean single-photoelectron charge, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulse shape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected.
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Erratum to 'Efficacy and correlative analyses of avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial': [ESMO Open Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2021, 100101]. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100177. [PMID: 34474809 PMCID: PMC8411062 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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1395P Impact of delay in adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in resected gastric cancer: Real world data from India. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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"In-vitro Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Monocrotophos on the Activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Different Tissues of Apple Snail Pila globosa (Swainson, 1822)". NATURE ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.46488/nept.2021.v20i03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of two organophosphorus insecticides [Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and Monocrotophos (MCP)] on non-target wild natural gastropod, Pila globosa (apple snail) from the paddy fields was studied. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was monitored on foot-muscle and hepatopancreas tissues of control and exposed snails. In the foot- muscle AChE inhibition progressed and reached 54.19% and 63.13% of the control, whereas, the AChE inhibition in the hepatopancreas reached 46.96% and 53.67% over control after 48 hours of exposure to 1.5 mL.L-1 and 2.5 mL.L-1 CPF respectively. After 48 hours of MCP exposure at 1.5 mL.L-1 and 2.5 mL.L-1 separately, the AChE inhibition of foot muscle was 49.07% and 57.59% respectively while in hepatopancreas it was 44.65% and 48.84% respectively. Our results show more inhibition of AChE activities on the foot-muscle than hepatopancreas in a concentration and time-dependent manner with greater severity by CPF in comparison to MCP. AChE inhibition increased with the increasing exposure time.
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A prospective cohort study on predictors of mortality of delirium in an emergency observational unit. QJM 2021; 114:246-251. [PMID: 32483589 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is often an underdiagnosed and underestimated neuropsychiatric syndrome, especially in low- and middle-income countries. AIM To document the prevalence and clinical profile of delirium and to detect the baseline parameters associated with in-hospital mortality. DESIGN A prospective cohort study conducted between January 2016 to December 2016 at an adult medical emergency observational unit of an academic hospital in north India. METHODS Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit was used for screening and diagnosis of delirium. Subtypes of delirium and severity were defined with the Richmond agitation-sedation scale and Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS-R-98). RESULTS Out of 939 screened patients, 312 (33.2%) had delirium, including 73.7% unrecognized cases. The mean age was 49.1 ± 17.3 years (range 17-90), and only 33.3% of the patients were above 60 years. The prevalence of hypoactive, mixed and hyperactive delirium was 39.1, 33.7 and 27.2%, respectively. Usual predisposing factors were alcohol use disorder (57.4%) and hypertension (51.0%), and infections remain the most common precipitating factors (42.0%). In total, 96.1% of patients received midazolam before delirium onset, and physical restraints were used in 73.4%. Mortality was higher in delirium (19.9% vs. 6.4%). The independent predictors of death in delirium were low diastolic blood pressure (P-value = 0.000), Glasgow coma scale score <15 (P = 0.026), high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (P = 0.007), high DRS-R-98 severity score (P = 0.000) and hyperactive delirium (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION Rapid screening with Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit detected a high prevalence of delirium (even in young patients), and it associated with high mortality.
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Atmospheric Carbon and Transport - America (ACT-America) Data Sets: Description, Management, and Delivery. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 8:e2020EA001634. [PMID: 34435081 PMCID: PMC8365738 DOI: 10.1029/2020ea001634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ACT-America project is a NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-2 mission designed to study the transport and fluxes of greenhouse gases. The open and freely available ACT-America data sets provide airborne in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, trace gases, aerosols, clouds, and meteorological properties, airborne remote sensing measurements of aerosol backscatter, atmospheric boundary layer height and columnar content of atmospheric carbon dioxide, tower-based measurements, and modeled atmospheric mole fractions and regional carbon fluxes of greenhouse gases over the Central and Eastern United States. We conducted 121 research flights during five campaigns in four seasons during 2016-2019 over three regions of the US (Mid-Atlantic, Midwest and South) using two NASA research aircraft (B-200 and C-130). We performed three flight patterns (fair weather, frontal crossings, and OCO-2 underflights) and collected more than 1,140 h of airborne measurements via level-leg flights in the atmospheric boundary layer, lower, and upper free troposphere and vertical profiles spanning these altitudes. We also merged various airborne in situ measurements onto a common standard sampling interval, which brings coherence to the data, creates geolocated data products, and makes it much easier for the users to perform holistic analysis of the ACT-America data products. Here, we report on detailed information of data sets collected, the workflow for data sets including storage and processing of the quality controlled and quality assured harmonized observations, and their archival and formatting for users. Finally, we provide some important information on the dissemination of data products including metadata and highlights of applications of ACT-America data sets.
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Efficacy and correlative analyses of avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100101. [PMID: 33901870 PMCID: PMC8099757 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), those with sarcomatoid histology (sRCC) have the poorest prognosis. This analysis assessed the efficacy of avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in patients with treatment-naive advanced sRCC. METHODS The randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 trial (NCT02684006) enrolled patients with treatment-naive advanced RCC. Patients were randomized 1 : 1 to receive either avelumab plus axitinib or sunitinib following standard doses and schedules. Assessments in this post hoc analysis of patients with sRCC included efficacy (including progression-free survival) and biomarker analyses. RESULTS A total of 108 patients had sarcomatoid histology and were included in this post hoc analysis; 47 patients in the avelumab plus axitinib arm and 61 in the sunitinib arm. Patients in the avelumab plus axitinib arm had improved progression-free survival [stratified hazard ratio, 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.325-1.003)] and a higher objective response rate (46.8% versus 21.3%; complete response in 4.3% versus 0%) versus those in the sunitinib arm. Correlative gene expression analyses of patients with sRCC showed enrichment of gene pathway scores for cancer-associated fibroblasts and regulatory T cells, CD274 and CD8A expression, and tumors with The Cancer Genome Atlas m3 classification. CONCLUSIONS In this subgroup analysis of JAVELIN Renal 101, patients with sRCC in the avelumab plus axitinib arm had improved efficacy outcomes versus those in the sunitinib arm. Correlative analyses provide insight into this subtype of RCC and suggest that avelumab plus axitinib may increase the chance of overcoming the aggressive features of sRCC.
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Mid-term follow-up of percutaneous access for standard and complex EVAR using the ProGlide device. Surgeon 2021; 20:142-150. [PMID: 33958298 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endovascular Aneurysm Repair is an established treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm which requires arterial access via the groin. Most centres perform percutaneous ultrasound-guided access into the common femoral artery for delivery of the stent graft. The profile of endovascular devices necessitates large sheath sizes, therefore formal closure of the arterial puncture site is required. Various percutaneous devices are available, with data lacking on efficacy and mid-term safety profile. We present outcomes from a single centre with the Perclose ProGlide™ (Abbott Vascular Devices, CA, USA) suture-mediated system, using the well described "pre-close" technique. MATERIALS & METHODS Data were collected from operative records and electronic medical records. Patients undergoing standard (EVAR) or complex (F/B-EVAR) aneurysm repair between March 2015 and September 2019 were included. Complications were recorded per-patient and per-groin procedure. RESULTS 266 patients were included; 182 (68.4%) standard infrarenal EVAR, 84 (31.6%) F/B-EVAR. There were a total of 484 groin procedures performed. Intraoperative Perclose ProGlide™ success was 98.1% (per patient) or 99.0% (per groin procedure). 30-day groin complication rate was 6.1% (per patient) or 3.1% (per groin procedure). There were no pre- or peri-operative factors which predicted the occurrence of groin complications. The rate of groin complications was not related to sheath size. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the use of percutaneous access with a pre-close technique for a variety of endovascular aneurysm repair procedures with both large- and small-bore access. The Perclose ProGlide™ system provides excellent mid-term complication-free and reintervention-free outcomes for groin procedures.
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Shock wave propagation through air: a reactive molecular dynamics study. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shock compression of air is observed in numerous situations ranging from explosions to hypersonic vehicle entry into atmosphere. In an effort to develop continuum-based equation of state for air subjected to shock compression, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of the shock compression process with regards to formation of new chemical species in air at the molecular level. With this in perspective, three different models of air (consisting a mixture of O
2
, N
2
and CO
2
gas, with or without H
2
O based on presence of humidity) are subjected to shock compression ranging from 0.5 km s
−1
to 5.0 km s
−1
particle velocities. Thermodynamic quantities are evaluated to plot Rankine Hugoniot planes for the three different air models: dry air at mean sea level (MSL), humid air at MSL and dry air at high altitude level of 36 000 ft above MSL. It is observed that high shock velocities eventually results in dissociation of gaseous molecules and formation of new gaseous species which has been quantified in the manuscript.
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Morphology of enteric glia in colorectal carcinoma: A comparative study of tumor site and its proximal normal margin. Morphologie 2020; 105:267-274. [PMID: 33309198 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world and fifth most common cancer in India. To understand the extent of perineural invasion (PNI) in CRC it is essential to study the morphology of enteric glial cells (EGCs). The aim of the study was to analyze the numerical density of EGCs and area of myenteric ganglia (MG) in the colonic tissue samples collected from CRC patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen intraoperative tissue specimens were collected from the tumor site and 2cm proximal to the upper extent of tumor. The samples were divided into four groups: group 1 (n=15): proximal tumor free colonic tissue; group 2 (n=3): well-differentiated; group 3 (n=8): moderately differentiated; group 4 (n=4): poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. After processing the tissues were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. The anti-S100β and anti-GFAP antibodies were used to observe the EGCs. RESULTS In the H&E stained sections the number of myenteric ganglia appeared to be decreasing with increasing grade of adenocarcinoma. Immunostaining showed significant decreasing pattern in the numerical density of EGCs per myenteric ganglion and mean area of myenteric ganglia in relation to the thickness of circular muscle, corresponding to the increasing grades of adenocarcinoma. The morphology of the EGCs remained unaltered in the colonic tissue adjacent to the tumor site. CONCLUSION Significant loss of EGCs and neurodegeneration corresponded with the grade of tumor emphasizing on its prognostic value. The PNI was not seen in the clear margin proximal to the tumor site.
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Microarray based gene expression profiling of advanced gall bladder cancer. Exp Oncol 2020; 42:277-284. [PMID: 33355862 DOI: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-42-no-4.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive cancer with specific predilection like female gender and specific geographical areas, however the molecular mechanisms and factors contributing to the clinical or biological behavior are not understood. AIM The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes in advanced GBC and chronic cholecystitis (CC) cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray was planned on fresh specimens of advanced GBC and CC cases using single color cRNA based microarray technique (8X60K format; Agilent Technologies, USA). Twelve advanced GBC and four CC patients were included in the study. RESULTS Of the total of 1307 differentially expressed genes, 535 genes were significantly upregulated, while 772 genes were significantly downregulated in advanced GBC vs CC samples. Differentially expressed genes were associated with biological processes (55.03%), cellular components (31.48%), and molecular functions (13.49%) respectively. The important pathways or key processes affected were cell cycle, DNA replication, oxidative stress, gastric cancer pathway. Using in silico analysis tools, three differentially expressed genes i.e. TPX2, Cdc45 and MCM4 were selected (for their significant role in DNA replication and microtubule function) and were further validated in 20 advanced GBC cohort by immunohistochemistry. Significant positive association of Cdc45 and MCM4 proteins was found in advanced GBC cases (p = 0.043), suggesting the probable oncogenic role of Cdc45 and MCM4 proteins in advanced GBC. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate the potential regulation of Cdc45-MCM4 axis in advanced GBC tumors. Additionally, our study also revealed a range of differentially expressed genes (e.g. TPX2, AKURA etc.) between GBC and CC, and further validation of these genes might provide a potential diagnostic or therapeutic target in future.
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Change in Expression of Biomarkers Bcl-2 and Survivin in Patients of Cancer Cervix Undergoing Chemo-radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Target Volume Dynamics During Radiation Therapy in Lung Cancer - Identifying the Window of Opportunity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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702O Cabozantinib (C) in combination with atezolizumab (A) as first-line therapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC): Results from the COSMIC-021 study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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709P Cabozantinib (C) in combination with atezolizumab (A) in non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC): Results from cohort 10 of the COSMIC-021 study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Real-world clinical effectiveness of second-line sunitinib following immuno-oncology therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Modeling the avoidance behavior of zooplankton on phytoplankton infected by free viruses. J Biol Phys 2020; 46:1-31. [PMID: 32180076 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-020-09538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In any ecosystem, chaotic situations may arise from equilibrium state for different reasons. To overcome these chaotic situations, sometimes the system itself exhibits some mechanisms of self-adaptability. In this paper, we explore an eco-epidemiological model consisting of three aquatic groups: phytoplankton, zooplankton, and marine free viruses. We assume that the phytoplankton population is infected by external free viruses and zooplankton get affected on consumption of infected phytoplankton; also, the infected phytoplankton do not compete for resources with the susceptible one. In addition, we model a mechanism by which zooplankton recognize and avoid infected phytoplankton, at least when susceptible phytoplankton are present. The zooplankton extinction chance increases on increasing the force of infection or decreasing the intensity of avoidance. Further, when the viral infection triggers chaotic dynamics, high zooplankton avoidance intensity can stabilize again the system. Interestingly, for high avoidance intensity, nutrient enrichment has a destabilizing effect on the system dynamics, which is in line with the paradox of enrichment. Global sensitivity analysis helps to identify the most significant parameters that reduce the infected phytoplankton in the system. Finally, we compare the dynamics of the system by allowing the infected phytoplankton also to share resources with the susceptible phytoplankton. A gradual increase of the virus replication factor turns the system dynamics from chaos to doubling state to limit cycle to stable state and the system finally settles down to the zooplankton-free equilibrium point. Moreover, on increasing the intensity of avoidance, the system shows a transcritical bifurcation from the zooplankton-free equilibrium to the coexistence steady state and remains stable thereafter.
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Multimodality treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in South Island, New Zealand. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 73:74-79. [PMID: 32063451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations is complex and multidisciplinary. This article presents the treatment model utilized in Christchurch, New Zealand which provides cerebrovascular surgery and interventional neuroradiology to the entire south island (approximate population of 1.1 million). A total of 40 patients treated over a 10 year period (2004-2014) are analysed here. Nine patients were managed surgically and complete resection was achieved in 100% of cases. Permanent mortality was 0% and permanent morbidity was 22% however median mRS improved from 3.0 preoperatively to 1.0 at follow up. Embolisation was utilized in 31 patients (mean age 40), of which 45% presented with haemorrhage, 39% with seizures, 10% with a headache only, and 6% with a deficit. None were found incidentally. The Spetzler-Martin grade 1 cases accounted for 10% of the cohort, 23% were grade II, 42% grade III, 23% grade IV and 3% grade V. A single aneurysm was present in 42% of cases, and multiple in 13%. The nidus was obliterated in 9.6% of cases with a morbidity rate of 6.5% and mortality rate of 3%. Modified Rankin scale improved marginally from 0.9 at diagnosis to 0.88 at final follow up (mean 22 months). There were no cases of recanalization. The total nidus obliteration rate using our algorithm of surgery alone for small accessible lesions, then staged embolization for larger lesions with adjuvant radiosurgery reserved for cases with residual nidus, was 50%.
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Studying land use dynamics using decadal satellite images and Dyna-CLUE model in the Mahanadi River basin, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 191:804. [PMID: 31989334 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Population growth rate indicates the proportional rate of settlement expansion and landscape modification in any river basin. The Mahanadi River basin (MRB), which is a densely populated, cropland and forest-dominated landscape, is selected as a case study area for studying the nature of built-up expansion and the corresponding land cover modifications. Satellite data-derived land use/land cover (LU/LC) maps for the years 1995, 2005, and 2015 were used for identification of landscape changes during the past three decades. One of the major LU/LC changes are observed in terms of increase in the water, which may be attributed to construction of new dams at the cost of the croplands and forest areas. Conversion of forest to cropland and expansion and densification of built-up areas in and around the existing built-up areas are also identified as a major LU/LC change. The geostatistical analysis was performed to identify the relationship between LU/LC classes with drivers, which showed that built-up areas were more in topographically flat terrain with higher soil depth, and expanded more around the existing built-up areas; cropland areas were more at lower elevation and less sloppy terrain, and forest areas were more at higher elevation. The LU/LC scenario of 2025 was projected using a spatially explicit dynamic conversion of land use and its effects (Dyna-CLUE) modeling platform with the LU/LC change trends of past 10 years (2005-2015) and 20 years (1995-2015). The major LU/LC changes observed during 2005-2015 were built-up expansion by 36.53% and deciduous forest and cropland reduction by 0.35% and 0.45%, respectively. Thus, the corresponding predicted change during 2015-2025 estimated built-up expansion by 25.70% and deciduous forest and croplands loss by 0.43% and 0.35%, respectively. On the other hand, during 1995 to 2015, the total built-up expansion and deciduous forest and cropland reduction were observed 50.79%, 0.45%, and 0.73%, respectively. Thus, the predicted changes during 2015-2025 were estimated as 18.48% built-up expansion and 0.22% and 0.21% deciduous forest and cropland loss. However, with the conditions of restricted deforestation and less landscape modification, the LU/LC projections show less built-up area expansion, reducing the cropland, fallow land, plantation, and waste land. The reduced numbers of land cover conversions types during 2005-2015 compared with 1995-2005 indicate more stabilized landscape. The input LU/LC maps and statistical analysis demonstrated the landscape modifications and causes observed in the basin. The model projected LU/LC maps are giving insights to possible changes under multiple pathways, which will help the agriculture, forest, urban, and water resource planners and managers in improved policy-making processes.
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Exploring various metal-ligand coordination bond formation in elastomers: Mechanical performance and self-healing behavior. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2020.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Exploring the structure of Xe isotopes in A ~ 130 region: Single particle and collective excitations. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023204001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High and medium spin structures of 130,131Xe have been studied using α-induced fusion-evaporation reaction and the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) coupled with a digital data acquisition system. Various new band structures and near yrast levels of 131Xe have been established. The multipolarities of the observed transitions have been assigned on the basis of the DCO ratios and the polarization asymmetry measurements. Band structures based on 1-quasi-particle (qp), 3-qp configurations have been observed. A new Magnetic Rotational (MR) band based on 5-qp configuration has also been established in 131Xe. The MR band has been interpreted in terms of shears mechanism with principal axis cranking (SPAC) calculations. Shell Model calculations are carried out to describe the non yrast states of 131Xe above the 11/2− isomer. New excited states have also been identified in 130Xe, produced in the same reaction.
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Effects of zooplankton selectivity on phytoplankton in an ecosystem affected by free-viruses and environmental toxins. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2019; 17:1272-1317. [PMID: 32233579 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the selective feeding of zooplankton on phytoplankton infected by free-viruses in the presence of environmental toxins in the marine ecosystem. The environmental toxins assume to decrease the growth rate of susceptible phytoplankton, and increase the death rate of infected phytoplankton and zooplankton. Global sensitivity analysis identifies important parameters of the system having crucial impact on the aquatic health. The coexistence equilibrium of the system stabilizes on increasing the parameters related to inhibition of phytoplankton growth due to environmental toxins and the force of infection, and destabilizes on increasing the carrying capacity of susceptible phytoplankton and preference of zooplankton on infected phytoplankton. The chance of extinction of free-viruses increases on increasing the preference of zooplankton on infected phytoplankton or decreasing the force of infection. Moreover, if the input rate of environmental toxins is high, then the system becomes zooplankton-free for higher values of force of infection. On increasing the values of preference of zooplankton on infected phytoplankton, the system exhibits transition from stable coexistence to oscillations around coexistence equilibrium to oscillations around disease-free equilibrium. We observe that the presence of free-viruses and environmental toxins in the system drive zooplankton population to very low equilibrium values but the ecological balance of the aquatic food web can be maintained by modulating the decay (depletion) rate of free-viruses (environmental toxins).
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Effect of Wetting and Dewetting Dynamics on Atomic Force Microscopy Measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13301-13310. [PMID: 31536702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water bridge dynamics between an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and a flat substrate is studied by using a multibody dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD) model. First, the numerical model is validated by comparing the present results of droplet contact angles and liquid bridges with those reported in the literature. Then, the ability of MDPD to capture the meniscus shape and behavior for different operating conditions and geometric parameters is examined for both static and dynamic cases. Hence, several parametric studies and analyses of the AFM tip configuration and its operating conditions are reported. It is found that a critical capillary number of about 0.001 is calculated based on 5% change on the force measurements between the static and dynamic results. It is also demonstrated that the hysteresis behavior in the capillary force exerted on the AFM tip can be successfully predicted by using the MDPD model when the tip approaches or retracts from the substrate. Moreover, there is an excellent agreement in the results of breakup distance for different water bridge volumes between the predictions of the MDPD model and the theory. Also, the hysteresis of capillary force exerted on an AFM tip composed of multibody design is studied. The prediction on the transition of the capillary force vs distance between the AFM tip and the substrate is in good agreement with the experimental results. Therefore, we demonstrate a validated MDPD model which can successfully capture liquid bridge dynamics. This model can be used as a powerful design tool for meniscus manipulation technology, such as dip-pen nanolithography, as well as for studying dynamic, e.g., tapping mode AFM tip, interactions with a liquid bridge.
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Depolarizing-Field Effects in Epitaxial Capacitor Heterostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:147601. [PMID: 31702200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.147601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We identify a transient enhancement of the depolarizing field, leading to an unexpected quench of net polarization, during the growth of a prototypical metal-ferroelectric-metal epitaxial system made of BaTiO_{3} and SrRuO_{3}. Reduced conductivity and, hence, charge screening efficiency in the early growth stage of the SrRuO_{3} top electrode promotes a breakdown of ferroelectric BaTiO_{3} into domains. We demonstrate how a thermal annealing procedure can recover the single-domain state. By tracking the polarization state in situ, using optical second harmonic generation, we bring new understanding to interface-related electrostatic effects in ferroelectric capacitors.
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P1.01-113 Phase 1b Trial of Cabozantinib or Cabozantinib Plus Atezolizumab in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Neuronal clusterin expression is associated with cognitive protection in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 46:255-263. [PMID: 31386770 PMCID: PMC7318312 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Clusterin is a topologically dynamic chaperone protein with the ability to participate in both intra- and extacellular proteostasis. Clusterin has been shown to be upregulated in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and has been shown to protect against TDP-43 protein misfolding in animal and cell models. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between the pathological burden of TDP-43 misfolding and cognitive deficits in ALS, demonstrating high specificity, but correspondingly low sensitivity owing to a subset of individuals with no evidence of cognitive deficits despite a high burden of TDP-43 pathology, called mismatch cases. METHODS Hypothesizing that differences in the ability to cope with protein misfolding in these cases may be due to differences in expression of protective mechanisms such as clusterin expression, we assessed the spatial expression of clusterin and another chaperone protein, HspB8, in post mortem brain tissue of mismatch cases. We employed a modified in situ hybridization technique called BaseScope, with single cell, single transcript resolution. RESULTS Mismatch cases demonstrated differential spatial expression of clusterin, with a predominantly neuronal pattern, compared to cases with cognitive manifestations of their TDP-43 pathology who demonstrated a predominantly glial distribution of expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that, in individuals with TDP-43 pathology, predominantly neuronal expression of clusterin in extra-motor brain regions may indicate a cell protective mechanism delaying clinical manifestations such as cognitive dysfunction.
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MON-231 ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN SURGICAL PATIENTS WITH NORMAL RENAL FUNCTIONS ON ADMISSION. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Fermi Volume Evolution and Crystal-Field Excitations in Heavy-Fermion Compounds Probed by Time-Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:096401. [PMID: 30932511 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.096401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We measure the quasiparticle weight in the heavy-fermion compound CeCu_{6-x}Au_{x} (x=0, 0.1) by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy for temperatures from 2 up to 300 K. This method distinguishes contributions from the heavy Kondo band and from the crystal-electric-field satellite bands by different terahertz response delay times. We find that the formation of heavy bands is controlled by an exponentially enhanced, high-energy Kondo scale once the crystal-electric-field states become thermally occupied. We corroborate these observations by temperature-dependent dynamical mean-field calculations for the multiorbital Anderson lattice model and discuss consequences for quantum-critical scenarios.
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