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Testosterone and Prolactin Perturbations Possibly Associated with Reduced Levels of β-Arrestin1 in Mononuclear Leukocytes of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15449. [PMID: 37895130 PMCID: PMC10607656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that a reduction in β-Arrestin1 protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) significantly correlated with the severity of depression symptoms in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This study aimed to determine whether the reduced premenstrual β-Arrestin1 protein levels were associated with changes in the regulator for late luteal phase progesterone secretion. The study participants (n = 25) were non-pregnant women between 18 and 42 years of age not taking any antidepressants or receiving therapy and experiencing the luteal phase of menstruation. ELISA determined the β-Arrestin1 protein in PBMC; testosterone and prolactin levels from the plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay. Reduced levels of β-Arrestin1 protein in women with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores above 19 were observed alongside significantly higher plasma testosterone and prolactin concentrations. Understanding the mechanism underlying the initiation of PMDD will allow for identification of a key perturbed metabolic enzyme that can serve as a target for drug development to ensure the alleviation of PMDD, which has been suggested earlier as a risk factor for developing major depressive disorders.
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Stroke prevention by Non-vitamin K Oral Anticoagulant (NOAC) agents in the absence of atrial fibrillation: meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Anticoagulation to prevent stroke is a mainstay of atrial fibrillation (AF) management. Patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) may have conditions that fulfil Virchow's triad for thrombogenesis even in sinus rhythm. Previous investigation into the benefit of warfarin compared to placebo or antiplatelet drug in sinus rhythm found a reduction in stroke rates, but with an increase in bleeding. The efficacy and safety of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) agents has not been studied.
Purpose
To assess the safety and efficacy of NOAC agents in patients without AF.
Methods
An electronic database search for randomized controlled trials that evaluated a NOAC and control drug (placebo or antiplatelet) in non-AF patients with CVD was conducted up until 1 September 2019. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were ischemic stroke and major bleeding, respectively. The net clinical benefit (NCB) was calculated as a weighted sum of rate differences of ischemic stroke and major bleeding. Groups were stratified according to intensity of anticoagulation (full vs. low dose NOAC).
Results
Twelve randomized controlled trials were identified with a total of 83,008 patients (50,617 on NOAC, 32391 on control drug; mean age 66±2.7 years). CVD included coronary artery disease (78.3%), hypertension (73.7%), diabetes mellitus (34.7%), peripheral arterial disease (30.3%), previous stroke (21.7%), renal disease (22.9%) and heart failure (18.4%). Over a mean follow-up of 17.3 months, 1347 (1.6%) ischemic strokes occurred. Use of NOAC was associated with 28% reduction in ischemic stroke (odds-ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% confidence-interval [CI] 0.60 to 0.87; 1.1 vs. 1.8 events per 100-person years), with numbers needed to treat of 145 patients to prevent one stroke. Major bleeding was increased nearly 2-fold (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.29; 2.1 vs. 1.0 events per 100-person years). The NCB demonstrated overall harm with the use of NOAC agents in this patient population (NCB = −0.28, 95% CI: −0.79 to 0.23). Use of full dose NOAC was widely unsafe (NCB = −0.35, 95% CI: −1.25 to 0.54) and low dose NOAC approached null therapeutic safety advantage (NCB = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.47 to 0.35).
Conclusion
Patients with CVD are at increased of ischemic stroke in the absence of AF. The use of NOAC agents in this non-AF population reduces rate of ischemic stroke however overall risk of bleeding exceeds antithrombotic benefit. Low-dose NOACs demonstrate a neutral NCB suggesting a point of clinical equipoise and deserve further scrutiny.
Ischemic stroke vs major bleeding
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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708 Stroke Prevention by Non-vitamin K Oral Anticoagulant (NOAC) Agents in the Absence of Atrial Fibrillation: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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PREDICTING VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA CHANNELS IN HUMANS FROM ENTROPY ANALYSIS OF SINUS RHYTHM ELECTROGRAMS. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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5
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Do Progestin-Only Contraceptives Contribute to the Risk of Developing Depression as Implied by Beta-Arrestin 1 Levels in Leukocytes? A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1966. [PMID: 30205587 PMCID: PMC6163405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We reported previously that reduction in beta-arrestin 1 (β-AR 1) protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms in reproductive women. In this pilot study, we used β-AR 1 protein levels in PBMC as a marker for developing depressive symptoms and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores to assess potential mood-related side effects of oral contraceptive use for routine birth control among women. We evaluated 29 women in this study. We enrolled the participants in three groups: Estrogen-progestin combination-oral contraceptives (COC, n = 10), progestin-only contraceptives (POC, n = 12), and non-hormonal or no contraceptives (NC, n = 7). We determined the β-AR 1 protein levels in PBMCs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that women in the POC group had significantly higher HAM-D scores compared to those in the COC (p < 0.0004) and NC (p < 0.004). The levels of β-AR 1 protein were significantly attenuated in women in the POC group compared to women in the NC group (p = 0.03). Our findings suggest that the use of POC is a potential risk factor for developing depressive symptoms.
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LONG-TERM CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY REDUCES T-WAVE ALTERNANS IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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8
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Distal myopathy with associated hemiatrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sulphated Sugar Alpha-Cyclodextrin Sulphate, a Uniquely Potent Anti-HIV Agent, Also Exhibits Marked Synergism with AZT, and Lymphoproliferative Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029000100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulphated sugars, alpha-cyclodextrin sulphate (A-CDS), sodium pentosan polysulphate (PPS), and beta-cyclodextrin sulphate (B-CDS) were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNCs). All three drugs had potent anti-HIV activity, A-CDS being the most potent. A-CDS, PPS and B-CDS were also tested for their direct inhibitory effect on reverse transcriptase (RT) in vitro. PPS inhibited the RT reaction at 4.0 μg ml−1 and above whereas B-CDS and A-CDS did not. The drugs were not cytotoxic up to 100 μg ml−1 and also showed significant lymphoproliferative activities. PPS and B-CDS exhibited higher lymphoproliferative activity than A-CDS. A-CDS, B-CDS, and PPS showed profound antiviral synergism with AZT. An additive anti-HIV effect, rather than a synergestic effect, was observed between the sulphated sugars. Thus, these sulphated sugars, because of their nontoxic nature, lymphoproliferative activity and anti-HIV activity at low concentrations, may be valuable chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of AIDS. In particular, A-CDS, because of its marked anti-HIV synergism with AZT (which would lower the required dose of AZT in vivo), could result in an efficacious and essentially nontoxic combination chemotherapy for AIDS.
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Standard model - a deductive strategy from multiple deflection mapping in sinus rhythm for field localization of ventricular tachycardia supporting channels in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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High density mapping of ventricular scar- a comparison of ventricular tachycardia supporting channels with channels that do not support VT. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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E-070 Endovascular treatment in a paediatric patient with thrombus extending from right internal carotid artery to right middle cerebral artery. J Neurointerv Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010870.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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High Density Mapping of Ventricular Scar: A Comparison of Ventricular Tachycardia Supporting Channels with Channels That Do Not Support VT. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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A Deductive Strategy from Multiple Deflections Mapping in Sinus Rhythm for Field Localisation of Ventricular Tachycardia Supporting Channels in Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Racial disparities in hematopoietic cell transplantation in the United States. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 47:1385-90. [PMID: 22056642 PMCID: PMC3848311 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a highly specialized, expensive and resource-intense medical procedure that can be associated with racial disparities. We review the prevailing literature on racial disparities in HCT in the United States and describe areas for future research and interventions. We discuss the complexity of interpreting race as a biological and social determinant of disease in biomedical research, especially as it relates to HCT. In the United States, race is often a surrogate for socioeconomic, education and health insurance status. We also discuss some of the nuances to consider while reviewing the literature on racial disparities. Disparities by race exist in three areas related to HCT: donor availability, access to HCT and outcomes of HCT. African-Americans/Blacks have a lower likelihood of finding an unrelated donor. Race and ethnicity definitions are country-specific and reconciling race data can represent significant challenges to unrelated donor registries worldwide. African-Americans/Blacks do not have the same access to autologous and allogeneic HCT as Whites. Racial disparities in outcomes of HCT are more prevalent among allogeneic HCT than autologous HCT recipients. More research is required to understand the biological, social, cultural, medical and financial aspects of race that may influence access to HCT and survival after transplantation. Better understanding of racial disparities will minimize inequities, inform health policy, guide development of interventions targeted to eliminate disparities and ensure equitable access to HCT for all populations.
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How Important is the Underlying Substrate in Determining Success After Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation? Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Point-By-Point CFAE Mapping: Are We Mapping Region Specific or Temporal Variance? Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Rapid Atrial Rates and Atrio-Ventricular Dyssynchrony Predispose to Increased Thrombogenesis in the Human Left Atrium in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Impact of Irrigation Flow Rate on Tissue Temperature Profile and Lesion Geometry in an Ovine Thigh Muscle Radio-frequency Ablation Model. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Successful Catheter Ablation and Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm Decreases Platelet Activation and Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Microparticles Contribute to the Prothrombotic State in Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Shannon Entropy Localises the Pivot Zone of Rotors: Implications For Ablation. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Selection Bias Exists for Selection of Contemporary Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Back to the First Factor? Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Concealed and Manifest Premature His Bundle Depolarisations Simulating Heart Block and Tachycardia. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Acute Emergency Department Management of AF: Scope for a Reduction in Hospital Admissions. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Atrial Fibrillation is Associated with Elevated Platelet and Endothelial Microparticle Levels: Evidence for a Pro-Thrombotic State. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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High-Density Mapping of Ventricular Scar: Insights into Channels of Ventricular Tachycardia. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: Endocardial Electroanatomic and Structural Remodelling with Obesity in an Ovine Model. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Correlation Between Radial Artery- and Peripheral Arterial Tonometry Derived Augmentation Index in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent surveys of physician practice have suggested the existence of excessive, inappropriate use of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT). We studied the implementation of this test in hospitalized patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of 1000 randomly selected patients who had been discharged from the Medicine service at four teaching hospitals. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, presence or absence of overt GI bleeding, and use of medications that might affect the FOBT were recorded. Reviewers assessed whether patients who had FOBT would have been candidates for colon resection if asymptomatic colon cancer had been found. RESULTS Digital rectal examination was documented in 44.8% of patients; the findings were recorded in only 9%. A total of 421 patients had FOBT on admission, usually on stool obtained at digital rectal examination. Of the patients with a positive FOBT, 17% had active GI bleeding. Only 41.1% of patients with a positive FOBT were referred to the gastroenterology service. In 70.5% of patients, FOBT could be considered inappropriate because of factors such as age, active GI bleeding, or use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS The FOBT, which is validated only for colorectal cancer screening, is often performed inappropriately in patients admitted to the hospital. This test should be restricted in hospital practice. It would be preferable to identify patients who are appropriate candidates for colorectal cancer screening at the time of hospital discharge and to advise them about the appropriate performance of the FOBT at home.
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Weaning and supplementation practices in a rural community. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF INDIAN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH ASSOCIATION 1996; 7:73-5. [PMID: 12292808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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34
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Levels of substance P and IgE decapeptide in nasal polyp fluid and matching sera: a preliminary study. J Laryngol Otol 1996; 110:225-7. [PMID: 8730355 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100133262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen unselected patients with nasal polyps had the levels of substance P and IgE decapeptide measured by ELISA in the oedema fluids and their matched sera. All 16 samples had low levels of substance P in their sera and had high level of substance P in eight samples of nasal polyp oedema. There was a considerable variation in the values of IgE decapeptide found in the sera but 14 polyp oedema fluids had high levels of IgE decapeptide. This study supports the idea that there is a linkage between the cellular and neurovascular responses. High levels of IgE decapeptide suggest that mast cell reactions occur in the majority of cases and that IgE may be implicated in the process of mast cell degranulation.
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Microheterogeneity of alpha 1-antitrypsin in relation to the concentration of its complex with immunoglobulin A in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1996; 14:119-23. [PMID: 8737716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is an acute-phase glycoprotein which contains three carbohydrate side chains, N-glycosidically linked to the asparagine molecules (Asn46, Asn83 and Asn247) of the single polypeptide unit. "Microheterogeneity", which is a varying proportion of bi- or triantennary heteroglycans attached to the glycosylation sites, has been observed in various inflammatory states including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and may influence the properties of alpha 1AT. METHODS In this study, we used affinity immunoelectrophoresis with the lectin concanavalin A (ConA) to investigate the possible role of alpha 1AT microheterogeneity in IgA-alpha 1AT complex formation. The concentrations of alpha 1AT and its glycosylation variants, the level of immunoglobulin A (IgA), and concentration of IgA-alpha 1AT complex were determined in the sera of 43 patients with RA. RESULTS In seven patients, high concentrations of the IgA-alpha 1AT complex were found. This group did not differ from the remaining patients in sex, age, or disease activity. However, significantly higher concentrations of both the alpha 1AT variant 1a+1b (with a predominance of triantennary heteroglycan side chains) and IgA were found in patients with an elevated complex compared to those with low serum levels of IgA-alpha 1AT complex (p < 0.05 for both variables). In the entire group, there was a significant correlation between the IgA-alpha 1AT complex level and both serum IgA and the concentrations of alpha 1AT variants 1a+1b and 2 (r = 0.3473, p < 0.05; r = 0.4604, p < 0.005; r = 0.3176, p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the microheterogeneity of alpha 1AT may play a part in the formation of the IgA-alpha 1AT complex in RA.
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Too soon to panic. NEWSWEEK 1993; 122:44-5. [PMID: 10127884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Health Care: The small-business lobby says Clinton's mandatory plan will kill off jobs. But Mom and Pop may end up breathing easier.
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Why wait for Hillary? NEWSWEEK 1993; 121:38-40. [PMID: 10127707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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38
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Abstract
An antiserum, obtained by immunising rabbits with a human peptide-protein conjugate, was shown to inhibit histamine release from rat mast cells both in vitro and in vivo. Immunisation of sensitised rats with the same peptide reduced IgE antibody formation and serum histamine concentration, and abolished systemic anaphylactic reactions in response to allergen challenge. This peptide may form the basis of a vaccine in a new approach to the immunotherapy of atopic disease.
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Sodium pentosan polysulfate (PPS), an anti-HIV agent also exhibits synergism with AZT, lymphoproliferative activity, and virus enhancement. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1990; 6:679-89. [PMID: 1694454 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1990.6.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium pentosan polysulfate (PPS), a negatively charged polymer of beta-D-xylopyranose units, was evaluated for its anti-HIV effects in normal human peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) and its possible synergism with AZT. In the presence of 25 nM AZT, 2.0 micrograms/ml of PPS reduced HIV-1 replication 110-fold, compared with a 3.9- and 7-fold decrease in the presence of either drug individually. Surprisingly, at low (below 1 microgram/ml) concentrations of either PPS or dextran sulfate, an enhancement of virus production was observed. PPS was nontoxic, had a proliferative effect on uninfected and a protective effect on infected PMNC. Virus enhancement at low concentrations of PPS appeared to be linked to its lymphoproliferative effect. These findings suggest that the use of PPS and others such agents as monotherapy for AIDS might have deleterious effects. However, due to its marked synergism with AZT and its lymphoproliferative activities, PPS might prove to be a useful agent in therapeutic trials of AIDS if used in combination with less than the usual dosage of AZT.
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Anti-viral antibodies in HIV (HTLV-III) infection possess auto-antibody activity against a CH1 domain determinant in human IgG: possible immunological consequences. Immunol Lett 1989; 23:9-19. [PMID: 2481646 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(89)90148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two regions of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus were shown to have a significant degree of homology to human immunoglobulin-gamma heavy-chain constant domains. We have now synthesized three short linear peptides, the first representing a sequence within the CH1 domain, the second an analogue of it, and the third representative of a region within the viral gp120. Polyclonal antibodies against these peptides were raised in rabbits and used to demonstrate that they all reacted well with human native IgG. Vice-versa, we observed the reaction of these antisera to the virus in an ELISA system. The proportion of sera reacting with the human gamma-chain peptide was significantly higher in HIV-positive individuals than in HIV-negative individuals, suggesting production of anti-viral antibodies in AIDS patients with auto-antibody activity against a CH1 domain determinant in human IgG.
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Biological and molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1BR) from the brain of a patient with progressive dementia. Virology 1989; 168:79-89. [PMID: 2789516 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1BR was isolated from the autopsied brain tissue of a 57-year-old man who died of progressive dementing illness. This virus was shown to be HIV-1 by hybridization to HIV-specific DNA probes. The expression of viral proteins as tested by radioimmunoprecipitation assay revealed the presence of HIV-1-specific proteins. HIV-1BR replicated in cultures of CD4+ T-lymphoid cells and induced cytopathic effects in these cells. HIV-1BR also replicated in monocytoid cell lines. The genetic nature of this isolate was determined by molecular cloning and sequencing of the 3'-half of the genome. DNA sequence information established that HIV-1BR is a unique HIV-1 isolate. A stretch of approximately 30 bases in the nef gene of HIV-1BR was found duplicated when compared with the other sequenced HIV-1 genomes. The functional significance of this duplication remains to be determined.
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Campylobacter jejuni as a cause of childhood diarrhoea in a north Indian community. JOURNAL OF DIARRHOEAL DISEASES RESEARCH 1983; 1:26-8. [PMID: 6679554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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