Deteksi Molekuler Entamoeba suis pada Babi di Rumah Potong Hewan Pegirian Surabaya

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi E. suis pada babi yang dipotong di Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Pegirian, Surabaya. Sebanyak 63 sampel feses babi dikoleksi dari RPH Pegirian Surabaya. Deteksi morfologis Entamoeba spp. dilakukan dengan metode apung (analisis parasitologi). Selain itu, penentuan spesies E. suis dilakukan dengan PCR menggunakan primer Esuis764 (5’-ATC AAA TCA ATT AGG CAT AAC TA-3’) dan Esuis765 (5’-AAT TAA AAC CTT ACG GCT TTA AA-3’) dan prodak PCR yang diharapkan adalah 320 bp. DNA dari sampel positif diekstraksi dengan DNAzol. PCR dilakukan pada beberapa sampel positif yang dipilih secara acak dari analisis parasitologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 57,14% (36/63) sampel secara morfologis positif Entamoeba sp. Hasil penentuan spesies berdasarkan analisis molekuler menemukan bahwa protozoa yang menginveksi babi di Rumah Potong Hewan Pegirian, Surabaya adalah E. suis.

Blastocystis sp. : Evaluation of polyclonal antibody prepared from crude protein for serological diagnosis using Rabbit serum

The diagnosis of Blastocystis infection is still based on the clinical sign which is not specific and there is no available serologic test for it. This study aimed to evaluate the polyclonal antibody prepared form crude protein of Blastocystis for the development of the Blastocystis serological test. Crude protein was extracted from the yeast of Blastocystis sp, then inoculated into rabbits to produce the antibody of crude protein. The serum of rabbits would be collected before and after immunization to compare the antibody titer. The profile of crude protein was analyzed using SDS-Page. The rabbit serum was analyzed using ELISA and Western Blot. The SDS-Page result showed bands in 100 kDa, 90 kDa, 70 kDa, 60 kDa, 58 kDa, 50 kDa, 40 kDa, 35 kDa, 30 kDa and 27 kDa. The ELISA assay showed that there was an increase in antibody titer of crude protein after immunization. Western Blot showed that three proteins (30 kDa, 40 kDa and 50 kDa) having immunogenicity characteristic. It is concluded that protein 30 kDa, 40 kDa and 50 kDa prepared from the crude protein of Blastocystis sp. can be used for developing a serologic test for Blastocystis infection. Keywords: Blastocystis sp, Crude Protein, Polyclonal Antibody  .

Perbedaan Larva Stadium Kedua dan L2 Toxocara canis pada Jaringan Mencit Menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SECOND STAGE LARVAE AND L2 TOXOCARA CANIS ON MICE TISSUE BY USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY)

Toxocariasis is one of zoonosis diseases that caused by Toxocara spp. that is Toxocara canis. Toxocara canis has several stages until it can infect animals and humans, namely the egg stage, larvae first stage (L1), larvae second stage (L2), larvae third stage (L3) to adult worms. Studies about the L2 and L2 tissue of T. canis found in paratenic hosts using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) have not been widely performed. Some of the causes include L2 being not easily to found and identified, so research rarely raises the ultrastructural morphology of L2 and L2 tissues. Knowledge about the ultrastructural morphology of L2 and L2 tissue of T. canis worms is very important to determining the diagnosis, especially the etiological diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to detected morphology of L2 and L2 tissues of T. canis using SEM. Samples from this study is faeces of dogs that infected with toxocariasis and the digestive tract of dogs obtained from dog slaughter houses. The sample is an adult worm of T. canis; the female worm is dissected and taken uterus to collect worm eggs. The results of this study on microscopic and optilab examination showed a difference between L2 and L2 tissue that the length of L2 hatched from embryonic eggs was 390 ìm and with a width of 23.4 ìm at the midpoint of the body. Larvae second stage length from the infected somatic tissue is 410 ìm and the width is 22.5 ìm at the midpoint, and then difference in dorsal lip, cuticles, body ring, cervical alae, buccal capsul, tail.

Study on the Morphology of Fasciola gigantica and Economic Losses due to Fasciolosis in Berau, East Kalimantan

Fasciolosis is one of the endemic parasitic diseases in Indonesia and causes significant economic losses. Fasciola gigantica is the main species found to infect livestock. This research aimed to describe the morphology of F. gigantica histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as ultrastructure morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the study was also carried out to determine the prevalence and estimation of economic losses due to fasciolosis in Berau Regency. The histological identification of flukes morphology found several organs including oral sucker (OS), ventral sucker (VS), cirrus (C), genital pore (GP), uterus (U), ovary (O), tegument (Te), testis (T), and caecum (C). In this study, ultrastructure morphology was divided into anterior and midbody region. In the anterior region, there are an oral sucker (OS) with a diameter of 304.5 µm and a ventral sucker (VS) with a diameter of 571 µm. It was also found the anterior spine with a width of 25.4 µm and a height of 22.8 µm. In the midbody, the spine has a width of ± 26.7 µm and a length of ± 38.9 µm leading posteriorly. Postmortem examination results showed that the prevalence of fasciolosis in Berau regency was 21.65% or 34 of 157 cows which were positive with an estimated loss of 228,656,475.00 IDR/16,450 USD (1 USD=13,900 IDR). The amount of loss due to fasciolosis must be a particular concern in carrying out control and prevention measures. Histology and ultrastructure morphology can become a reference in the development of anthelmintic testing that has been used so far in Indonesia.

Morphologic and morphometric characteristics of ascaroid worm, Ophidascaris piscatori in Xenochrophis piscator snake in Sidoarjo, Indonesia

Aim

The study was conducted to describe the morphology and morphometry of nematode worm in the stomach of Xenochrophis piscator snake macroscopically and microscopically using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Materials and Methods

The sample was 40 nematode worms that have been collected from 60 snakes which slaughtered at snake slaughterhouses in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The worms (10 male and 10 female) were stained with carmine, and the others were sent to Indonesian Science Institute for ultrastructure observation by SEM. Some of the female worms were immersed in physiological NaCl and incubated to collect the worm eggs.

Results

Nematode worm in this study had three lips with almost the same size and it had papillae, so it was included in ascaridoid. The mouth of ascaridoids has three lips, the dorsal bearing two large outer papillae and the each lateroventral with one papilla. The body length and width of the male worm were 70-105 mm and 0.92-1.32, respectively, with head diameter of 0.22-0.28 mm. Dorsal and ventrolateral lips almost have the same size that was 0.10-0.12×0.11-0.13 mm. The length of interlabia was 0.06-0.08 mm, esophagus was 3.21-4 mm, tail was 0.17-0.23 mm, and spicule was 2.12-3.36 mm. The body length and width of the female worm were 85-130 mm and 1.28-1.71 mm, respectively. The head diameter was 0.29-0.38 mm. Dorsal and ventrolateral lips almost have the same size that was 0.13-0.16×0.15-0.19 mm. The interlabial length was 0.08-0.10 mm, esophagus was 3.04-4.67 mm, and tail was 0.22-0.31 mm. The distance of the vulva from the anterior edge was 56-88 mm with an average of 67.35 mm. The eggs have conspicuously pitted with length 0.08-0.09 mm and width 0.07-0.08 mm.

Conclusion

Based on the characteristics of morphology and morphometry, the ascaroid worms found on X. piscator snake from Sidoarjo, Indonesia, were O. piscatori.

Anthelmintic Activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves Ethanol Extract Against Fasciola gigantica in vitro

The aims of this research are to know the concentration, exposure time and interaction between concentration and exposure time of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract which cause the most mortality toward Fasciola gigantica. Also to know its value of LC50 and LC90. The research was completely randomized design. There were five treatments. Each treatment was done in four replications and used 10 Fasciola gigantica. The observation and recording of dead Fasciola gigantica were done at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours. Fasciola gigantica were declared dead if there was no movement when disturbed by anatomy tweezers and when dipped in slightly warm water (50ºC). The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA Factorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result was 10% concentration and exposure time for 10 hours caused the most mortality toward Fasciola gigantica. However, the interaction between concentration and exposure time resulted that 5% concentration for 8 hours already caused the most mortality of Fasciola gigantica. Probit analysis was used to calculate the LC50 and LC90. The results were LC50 of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract was 7.9% at 4 hours, 3.7% at 6 hours, 1.8% at 8 hours and 0.8% at 10 hours and the LC90 was 8.4% at 10 hours. Key words: Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves, Fasciola gigantica, ethanol extract, in vitro.

Immunoglobulin subclass in experimental murine Toxocara cati infection

AIM

The aim of this study was to detect specific immunoglobulin (Ig) that could be used to determine monoclonal antibody in conjugate-making an effort for the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) diagnostic kit of toxocariasis in human.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study was conducted to assess the Ig profile, based on ELISA-isotyping, in mice infected with second stage larvae eggs of Toxocara cati. The optical density values of anti-T. cati mice serum IgG subclasses were analyzed by applying ANOVA factorial.

RESULTS

The specific IgG subclass in mice infected with T. cati mice was found to be IgG2β.

CONCLUSION

Subclass of IgG, especially IgG2β, can provide leads about the use of the monoclonal antibody in conjugate making an effort for the indirect ELISA diagnostic kit.

Karakterisasi Protein VirB4 Brucella abortus Isolat Lokal dengan Teknik Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease cause by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Brucella. The disease infects livestock mammals such as cows, goats, pigs, and including humans. Brucella abortus has several potential virulence factors, i.e. Proteins VirB. Type IV secretion system (T4SS) which is a combination of 12 proteins from VirB1-VirB11 and VirD4. Brucella can survive for long periods in the environment despite the limitations of nutrients and oxygen. This study aims to characterize the protein VirB4 of local isolate of B. abortus using SDS PAGE (Sodium Dodecly sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The results showed that the protein contained 10 protein bands with a molecular weight of 158.93; 110.89; 99.931; 70.60; 64.61; 59.25; 45.32; 42.35; 23.63; and 16.70 kDa, respectively. Protein VirB4 of the local isolate of B. abortus have a molecular weight of 59.25 kDa. ABSTRAK Brucellosis merupakan salah satu penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen genus Brucella. Penyakit ini menyerang hewan ternak mamalia seperti sapi, kambing, babi, dan dapat menular ke manusia. Bakteri Brucella abortus memiliki faktor virulensi potensial yaitu protein VirB. Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) merupakan gabungan dari 12 protein yaitu VirB1–VirB11 dan VirD4. Brucella dapat bertahan hidup lama di dalam lingkungan meskipun memiliki keterbatasan nutrisi dan oksigen. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk karakterisasi protein VirB4 B. abortus isolat lokal dengan metode Sodium Dodecly Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). Hasil karakterisasi protein B. abortus isolat lokal dengan teknik SDS-PAGE terdapat 10 pita protein dengan bobot molekul 158,93; 110,89; 99,931; 70,60; 64,61; 59,25; 45,32; 42,35; 23,63; dan 16,70 kDa. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat protein VirB4 B. abortus isolat lokal yang mempunyai bobot molekul 59,25 kDa.