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Evaluation of non-additive genetic effects on carcass and meat quality traits in Korean Hanwoo cattle using genomic models. Animal 2024; 18:101152. [PMID: 38701710 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional genetic evaluation methods generally consider additive genetic effects only and often ignore non-additive (dominance and epistasis) effects that may have contributed to genetic variation of complex traits of livestock species. The available dense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) panels offer to investigate the potential benefits of including non-additive genetic effects in the genomic evaluation models. Data from 16 971 genotyped (Illumina Bovine 50 K SNP chip) Korean Hanwoo cattle were used to estimate genetic variance components and prediction accuracy of genomic breeding values (GEBVs) for four carcass and meat quality traits: carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT) and marbling score (MS). Five different genetic models were evaluated through including additive, dominance and epistatic interactions (additive by additive, A × A; additive by dominance, A × D and dominance by dominance, D × D) successively in the models. The estimates of additive genetic variances and narrow sense heritabilities (ha2) were found similar across the evaluated models and traits except when additive interaction (A × A) was included. The dominance variance estimates relative to phenotypic variance ranged from 1.7-3.4% for CWT and MS traits, whereas, they were close to zero for EMA and BFT traits. The magnitude of A × A epistatic heritability (haa2) ranged between 14.8 and 27.7% in all traits. However, heritability estimates for A × D and D × D epistatic interactions (had2 and hdd2) were quite low compared to haa2 and were contributed only 0.0-9.7% of the total phenotypic variation. In general, broad sense heritability (hG2) estimates were almost twice (ranging between 0.54 and 0.68) the ha2 for all of the investigated traits. The inclusion of dominance effects did not improve the prediction accuracy of GEBV but improved 2.0-3.0% when epistatic effects were included in the model. More importantly, rank correlation revealed that partitioning of variance components considering dominance and epistatic effects in the model would enable to re-rank of top animals with better prediction of GEBV. The present result suggests that dominance and epistatic effects could be included in the genomic evaluation model for better estimates of variance components and more accurate prediction of GEBV for carcass and meat quality traits in Korean Hanwoo cattle.
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IgG4-related pericarditis. QJM 2024; 117:300-301. [PMID: 38113430 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
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Amplitude Analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} Decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:131801. [PMID: 38613276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
An amplitude analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} decay is presented using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected with the LHCb experiment. For the first time, the coefficients associated to short-distance physics effects, sensitive to processes beyond the standard model, are extracted directly from the data through a q^{2}-unbinned amplitude analysis, where q^{2} is the μ^{+}μ^{-} invariant mass squared. Long-distance contributions, which originate from nonfactorizable QCD processes, are systematically investigated, and the most accurate assessment to date of their impact on the physical observables is obtained. The pattern of measured corrections to the short-distance couplings is found to be consistent with previous analyses of b- to s-quark transitions, with the largest discrepancy from the standard model predictions found to be at the level of 1.8 standard deviations. The global significance of the observed differences in the decay is 1.4 standard deviations.
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Fraction of χ_{c} Decays in Prompt J/ψ Production Measured in pPb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:102302. [PMID: 38518337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The fraction of χ_{c1} and χ_{c2} decays in the prompt J/ψ yield, F_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}=σ_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}/σ_{J/ψ}, is measured by the LHCb detector in pPb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV. The study covers the forward (1.5
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Observation of Cabibbo-Suppressed Two-Body Hadronic Decays and Precision Mass Measurement of the Ω_{c}^{0} Baryon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081802. [PMID: 38457722 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+} and Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} decays is reported, using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector between 2016 and 2018. The branching fraction ratios are measured to be B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[6.08±0.51(stat)±0.40(syst)]%,B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[15.81±0.87(stat)±0.44(syst)±0.16(ext)]%. In addition, using the Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+} decay channel, the Ω_{c}^{0} baryon mass is measured to be M(Ω_{c}^{0})=2695.28±0.07(stat)±0.27(syst)±0.30(ext) MeV, improving the precision of the previous world average by a factor of 4.
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Enhanced Production of Λ_{b}^{0} Baryons in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081901. [PMID: 38457697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The production rate of Λ_{b}^{0} baryons relative to B^{0} mesons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13 TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} production cross sections shows a significant dependence on both the transverse momentum and the measured charged-particle multiplicity. At low multiplicity, the ratio measured at LHCb is consistent with the value measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, and increases by a factor of ∼2 with increasing multiplicity. At relatively low transverse momentum, the ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} cross sections is higher than what is measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, but converges with the e^{+}e^{-} ratio as the momentum increases. These results imply that the evolution of heavy b quarks into final-state hadrons is influenced by the density of the hadronic environment produced in the collision. Comparisons with several models and implications for the mechanisms enforcing quark confinement are discussed.
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Improved Measurement of CP Violation Parameters in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψK^{+}K^{-} Decays in the Vicinity of the ϕ(1020) Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:051802. [PMID: 38364143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.051802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The decay-time-dependent CP asymmetry in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K^{+}K^{-} decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 B_{s}^{0} signal decays with an invariant K^{+}K^{-} mass in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020) resonance, the CP-violating phase ϕ_{s} is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the B_{s}^{0}-B[over ¯]_{s}^{0} system, ΔΓ_{s}, and the difference of the average B_{s}^{0} and B^{0} meson decay widths, Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}. The values obtained are ϕ_{s}=-0.039±0.022±0.006 rad, ΔΓ_{s}=0.0845±0.0044±0.0024 ps^{-1}, and Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}=-0.0056_{-0.0015}^{+0.0013}±0.0014 ps^{-1}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase ϕ_{s} is also measured independently for each polarization state of the K^{+}K^{-} system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence.
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Socio-economic factors and medical conditions affecting regular stomach cancer screening in Korea: a retrospective longitudinal study using national public health data for 11 years. Public Health 2024; 227:70-77. [PMID: 38128357 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore socio-economic factors and medical conditions that affect regular stomach cancer (SC) screening among Korean adults. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective observational study. METHODS Study subjects were 5545 adults aged ≥40 years who participated in the 2007-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and were followed up to year 2017 based on data linking to the Korean National Health Insurance Service and Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment. Socio-economic factors included sex, age, residential area, education, occupation, marital status, disability, public and private health insurance, service through local public health organizations, history of cancer except for SC, and family history of SC. Medical factors included six gastric lesions with the possibility of facilitating SC screening, including benign gastric neoplasm, chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric polyp, Helicobacter pylori infection, intestinal metaplasia, and peptic ulcers. The outcome was adherence to SC screening, which was divided into non-adherence, irregular adherence, and regular adherence. RESULTS After adjusting for the effects of socio-economic factors, multivariate ordinal logistic regression revealed that participants with a history of four types of gastric lesions were more likely to regularly participate in SC screening: chronic atrophic gastritis (odds ratio [OR] 1.567; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.276-1.923), gastric polyps (OR 1.565; 95% CI = 1.223-2.003), H. pylori infection (OR 1.637; 95% CI = 1.338-2.003), and peptic ulcer (OR 2.226; 95% CI 1.750-2.831). CONCLUSIONS To improve participation in SC screening, it is necessary to implement personalized strategies for individuals at risk for gastric cancer in addition to population-based strategies for vulnerable groups.
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Measurement of CP Violation in B^{0}→ψ(→ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-})K_{S}^{0}(→π^{+}π^{-}) Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:021801. [PMID: 38277604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.021801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the decays of B^{0} and B[over ¯]^{0} mesons to the final states J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K_{S}^{0}, ψ(2S)(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K_{S}^{0} and J/ψ(→e^{+}e^{-})K_{S}^{0} with K_{S}^{0}→π^{+}π^{-} is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The CP-violation parameters are measured to be S_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.717±0.013(stat)±0.008(syst) and C_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.008±0.012(stat)±0.003(syst). This measurement of S_{ψK_{S}^{0}} represents the most precise single measurement of the CKM angle β to date and is more precise than the current world average. In addition, measurements of the CP-violation parameters of the individual channels are reported and a combination with the LHCb Run 1 measurements is performed.
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Search for Boosted Dark Matter in COSINE-100. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:201802. [PMID: 38039466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.201802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We search for energetic electron recoil signals induced by boosted dark matter (BDM) from the galactic center using the COSINE-100 array of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The signal would be an excess of events with energies above 4 MeV over the well-understood background. Because no excess of events are observed in a 97.7 kg·yr exposure, we set limits on BDM interactions under a variety of hypotheses. Notably, we explored the dark photon parameter space, leading to competitive limits compared to direct dark photon search experiments, particularly for dark photon masses below 4 MeV and considering the invisible decay mode. Furthermore, by comparing our results with a previous BDM search conducted by the Super-Kamionkande experiment, we found that the COSINE-100 detector has advantages in searching for low-mass dark matter. This analysis demonstrates the potential of the COSINE-100 detector to search for MeV electron recoil signals produced by the dark sector particle interactions.
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Observation of New Baryons in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} and Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:171901. [PMID: 37955487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.171901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The first observation and study of two new baryonic structures in the final state Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} and the confirmation of the Ξ_{b}(6100)^{-} state in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} decay mode are reported using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. In addition, the properties of the known Ξ_{b}^{*0}, Ξ_{b}^{'-} and Ξ_{b}^{*-} resonances are measured with improved precision. The new decay mode of the Ξ_{b}^{0} baryon to the Ξ_{c}^{+} π^{-} π^{+} π^{-} final state is observed and exploited for the first time in these measurements.
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Precision Measurement of CP Violation in the Penguin-Mediated Decay B_{s}^{0}→ϕϕ. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:171802. [PMID: 37955501 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.171802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A flavor-tagged time-dependent angular analysis of the decay B_{s}^{0}→ϕϕ is performed using pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at the center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}. The CP-violating phase and direct CP-violation parameter are measured to be ϕ_{s}^{ss[over ¯]s}=-0.042±0.075±0.009 rad and |λ|=1.004±0.030±0.009, respectively, assuming the same values for all polarization states of the ϕϕ system. In these results, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These parameters are also determined separately for each polarization state, showing no evidence for polarization dependence. The results are combined with previous LHCb measurements using pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding ϕ_{s}^{ss[over ¯]s}=-0.074±0.069 rad and |λ|=1.009±0.030. This is the most precise study of time-dependent CP violation in a penguin-dominated B meson decay. The results are consistent with CP symmetry and with the standard model predictions.
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Measurement of the Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ(1520)μ^{+}μ^{-} Differential Branching Fraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:151801. [PMID: 37897753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The branching fraction of the rare decay Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ(1520)μ^{+}μ^{-} is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass intervals q^{2}, excluding the J/ψ and ψ(2S) regions. The data sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. The result in the highest q^{2} interval, q^{2}>15.0 GeV^{2}/c^{4}, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model dependence, agrees with the predictions.
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Interpretable Machine Learning for Predicting Symptomatic Pneumonitis in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Consolidation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e464. [PMID: 37785482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The rate of grade 2 and higher pneumonitis has increased with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) following chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for lung cancer, which may alter previously established dose-volume constraints (DVC). In this study, we used an interpretable machine learning model with clinical and dosimetric features to predict grade 2+ pneumonitis and determine DVC associated with pneumonitis for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) radiotherapy (RT). MATERIALS/METHODS Between October 2017 and December 2021, 223 consecutively treated patients with LANSCLC treated with CRT and ICI were retrospectively reviewed. The dataset was split into training and test sets (n = 144/79). Clinical features included age, sex, smoking status, pack-years, BMI, ECOG PS, COPD, tumor location, delivered dose, RT technique, chemotherapy agent and volume of GTVp/GTVn. A total of 228 dosimetric features from the heart, contralateral/ipsilateral lung and lungs-IGTV were extracted, including the minimum/mean dose to the hottest x% volume (Dx%[Gy]/MOHx%[Gy]; x was 5-95 in 5% increments) and minimum/mean/maximum dose and percent volume receiving at least xGy (VxGy [%]; x was 5-60 in 5Gy increments), as well as the overlapping volume of each structure with PTV and the distance from each structure to GTVp/GTVn. Feature selection was performed using Boruta, followed by collinearity removal based on the variance inflation factor. The explainable boosting machine (EBM) was trained on the selected features. The performance of EBM on the test set was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared with that of blackbox (BB) models, including extreme gradient boosting (XGB), random forest (RF), and supporting vector machine (SVM). The global explanation of each feature's contribution to the predictions provided by the EBM was used to determine DVC. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) were used to explain BB predictions. RESULTS Selected features, ranked in order of EBM's overall feature importance, were V25Gy [%] and MOH65%[Gy] in the ipsilateral lung, the maximum dose in the heart, MOH30%[Gy] in the contralateral lung, and BMI. No dosimetric features in the lungs-IGTV were selected. The SHAP values of three BB models showed similar trends to the feature importance of the EBM. The global explanations of the EBM suggested that to mitigate the risk of pneumonitis, the ipsilateral lung should have V25Gy [%] < 36.8% and MOH65%[Gy] < 39.5Gy, and the heart should have D0.03cc [Gy] < 66.0Gy. Furthermore, an increased risk of pneumonitis was indicated with an increase in BMI, and, surprisingly, a decrease in MOH30%[Gy] in the contralateral lung. The EBM showed the best performance for predicting grade 2+ pneumonitis (AUC = 0.739), followed by RF, SVM, and XGB (AUC = 0.735, 0.733, and 0.717). CONCLUSION EBM has the potential to predict grade 2+ pneumonitis in LA-NSCLC patients treated with CRT and ICI, while providing guidance on DVC.
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Association of Cardiac Dose with Cardiac Events and Survival for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (LA-NSCLC) Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Consolidation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S169-S170. [PMID: 37784421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To assess the association of cardiac dose with post-cCRT cardiac events and survival among patients (pts) with LA-NSCLC after adoption of ICI consolidation, modern radiotherapy (RT) techniques, and data-driven cardiac constraints. MATERIALS/METHODS This single-institution, multi-site retrospective study included 335 pts with LA-NSCLC treated with definitive cCRT (60-70 Gy) from October 2017 to December 2021. Pts were evaluated for ICI consolidation. Cardiac dose constraints included heart volume receiving ≥50 Gy (V50) <25% and mean heart dose (MHD) <20 Gy. Heart, left anterior descending artery (LAD), and left ventricle were autocontoured, manually reviewed, and edited. 21 dosimetric parameters (mean dose, max dose, and min dose to the hottest x% volume [Dx%(Gy); x from 5-95 in 5% intervals]) for each were extracted, as well as LAD V15. Baseline cardiovascular disease (bCVD) was defined as heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease. Primary endpoint was post-cCRT major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as acute coronary syndrome, HF hospitalization/urgent visit, coronary revascularization, or cardiac death. Secondary endpoints were grade ≥3 cardiac events (CTCAE v5.0), overall survival (OS), cancer specific mortality (CSM), and other cause mortality (OCM). Competing risk regression was used for MACE and grade ≥3 cardiac events, and Cox regression for OS, CSM, and OCM. RESULTS Median age was 68 years, 139 (41%) had bCVD, and 225 (67%) received consolidation ICI. Proton therapy was used in 117 (35%), intensity-modulated RT in 199 (59%), and 3D conformal RT in 19 (6%). Median MHD was 8.7 Gy (IQR 4.6-14.4) and median LAD V15 1.4% (IQR 0-22). Median follow-up was 39.5 months. 35 MACE events occurred; 1- and 2-year cumulative incidence (CI) were 4.2% and 9.5%. No cardiac dosimetric parameter associated with MACE after adjusting for bCVD and age (e.g., MHD sHR 0.98/Gy, 95% CI 0.93-1.03, p = 0.43) or within the following 3 subgroups: no bCVD, photon therapy, and ICI consolidation. 87 grade ≥3 cardiac events occurred; 1- and 2- year CI were 12.6% and 20.4%. Heart dose was not associated with grade ≥3 cardiac events after adjusting for bCVD, ECOG, and BMI (e.g., MHD sHR 1.00/Gy, 95% CI 0.97-1.03, p = 0.85) or within the 3 aforesaid subgroups. 183 OS events occurred, including 125 CSM and 58 OCM events. Multiple cardiac dosimetric parameters associated with worse OS on multivariable analysis (e.g., LAD V15 HR 1.01/%, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, p = 0.003), driven by associations with CSM (LAD V15 HR 1.02/%, p<0.001) but not OCM (LAD V15 HR 1.00/%, p = 0.73). Median OS was worse for LAD V15 ≥10% (22.2 vs 35.1 months, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Among pts with LA-NSCLC treated with cCRT after adoption of ICI consolidation, modern RT techniques, and cardiac constraints, post-cCRT cardiac events were common but showed no association with cardiac dose. Cardiac dose associated with OS, driven by an association with CSM and not OCM, which may not reflect cardiac toxicity.
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Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Large Volume Solid Tumor Spinal Metastases Involving Three or More Contiguous Vertebral Levels. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e105-e106. [PMID: 37784636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Data for treating 3 or more contiguous vertebral bodies with SBRT is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore oncologic outcomes and toxicity of spine SBRT delivered to large volume solid tumor metastases involving 3 or more contiguous vertebral levels. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients treated with spine SBRT for vertebral metastases involving 3 or more contiguous levels between 2009 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographics, dosimetry, toxicity, and outcomes were collected. Radiographic local failure was defined as progressive disease on CT and/or MRI in the treatment volume compared to the pre-SBRT baseline. Local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from end of SBRT using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 141 patients were included with a median follow-up of 9.7 months. The majority of patients had either 3 (74%) or 4 (16%) involved contiguous vertebral levels. Twenty-two percent, 57%, 14%, and 7% of treated lesion began in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebral levels, respectively. The most common primary sites were NSCLC (15.6%), kidney (14.9%), and breast (13.5%). Thirty-two percent of patients had prior external beam radiation to the same vertebral level, 63% had prior surgery, and 43% had prior vertebral fracture. Paraspinal extension was identified in 26% at time of SBRT. Median pre-SBRT Bilsky grade was 2 (range 0-3). The median total prescription dose was 27 Gy (range: 12-43 Gy) with the most common dose (Gy)/fractionation schedules of 27/5 (32%), 30/5 (25%), and 25/5 (18%). The median Dmax was 4727 cGy (range 2070-7857) with a median prescription isodose of 58% (range 48-97). The median OS was 12.4 months (95% CI 9.6-15.3). 1- and 2- year OS were 51% and 35%, respectively. Local progression occurred across all histologies, most commonly in colon and NSCLC (16.7%). 1- and 2-year LC were 70% and 57%, respectively. In the radiation-naïve cohort, 1- and 2-year LC were 75% and 63%, respectively and 52% and 34% in the prior radiation group with no statistically significant difference in time to local progression (p = 0.075). There was no statistically significant difference in LC when comparing 3 versus 4 or more contiguous lesions (p = 0.66). Forty percent of patients that progressed underwent salvage treatment (58% surgery, 33% SBRT, 8% systemic therapy). Post-SBRT vertebral compression fracture rate was 11.6%. CONCLUSION We present the largest series to date of patients treated with SBRT for large volume spinal metastases involving 3 or more contiguous levels. These data suggest reasonable local control and low toxicity with SBRT; therefore, SBRT should be considered a practical modality to offer this cohort.
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Multitask AI Models for the Joint Prediction of Overall Survival, Progression-Free Survival, and Death without Progression as a Composite Endpoint for LA-NSCLC Patients Treated with Chemoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S54. [PMID: 37784521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Prior methods model the risk of endpoints separately. Herein, we construct a composite AI model that considers multiple endpoints jointly, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and death without progression (DWP). Our hypothesis is that the composite model potentially improves predictive performance for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 335 LANSCLC patients treated with definitive CRT, including all evaluable patients accrued from Oct 2017 to Dec 2021, were randomly split into training/test subsets (n = 234/101). Cardio-pulmonary substructures (CPSs) were autocontoured, manually reviewed, and edited if necessary. A total of 1093 non-independent dosimetric parameters were extracted, including GTVp, GTVn, GTV, PTV, esophagus, lungs minus IGTV, left/right lung, 15 CPSs, and the overlapping volume of each OAR with PTV and the distance from each OAR to GTVp/GTVn. Other clinical parameters included age, consolidation immunotherapy (CI), ECOG score, Charlson comorbidity index, coronary heart disease, histology, PD-L1 expression, and clinical stage (AJCC 8). Within training, censored time-to-event data were imputed based on conditional event distributions derived from Kaplan-Meier estimators for casting survival analysis as a regression problem and training neural additive model (NAM) regressors. Features were selected by LASSO regression for a single endpoint (OS, PFS, DWP) and multi-task (MT) LASSO regression for four separate composite endpoints (OS-PFS, OS-DWP, PFS-DWP, OS-PFS-DWP). The performance of MT NAMs in the test set that jointly predicted the composite endpoints was evaluated using the C-index and compared to that of a single task (ST) NAM that predicted each endpoint separately. RESULTS The best testing performance in predicting OS and DWP was attained by the MT NAM that jointly predicted all endpoints (c-index = 0.65, 95% CI 0.58-0.71 for OS; c-index = 0.78, 95% CI 0.69-0.87 for DWP). The best model to predict PFS was also MT between PFS and DWP (c-index = 0.59, 95% CI 0.52-0.65). The c-indices of all ST NAMs were less than 0.56. The best MT NAMs significantly outperformed ST NAMs in predicting OS (p = 0.001) and DWP (p = 0.01) except for PFS (p = 0.32). The best MT NAM in predicting OS and DWP included ECOG score, atria-PTV overlap volume, D75% [Gy] to the left atrium (LA), pulmonary arterial volume, histology (adenocarcinoma), D65% [Gy] to the descending aorta (DA), V10 Gy [%] of the LA and CI in order of overall importance. ECOG score consistently ranked as the most important feature for all four MT NAMs. An increase of ECOG score from 0 to 2 indicated a 6-month earlier risk of mortality and DWP. Atria-PTV overlap volume and D65% [Gy] to the DA were included in all four MT NAMs. CONCLUSION MT AI models improved outcome prediction in patients with LANSCLC treated with CRT by jointly learning commonalities between the primary and auxiliary endpoints.
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Development of reference material for quality control of uranium analysis in marine sediments. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110979. [PMID: 37586247 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental radioactivity monitoring is strengthening due to public concerns over radioactive contamination since the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Therefore, various research laboratories, institutes, and universities have been conducting environmental radioactivity surveys around nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, the reliability of the results continues to trigger controversy in society. This study was conducted to develop reference material (RM) for the quality control of 238U and 234U analyses in marine sediments. The RM was prepared according to ISO Guides 31, 34, and 35. A homogeneity test of the marine sediment RM was implemented by analyzing two batch samples from ten bottles using multiple acid digestion and alkali fusion, respectively. We found that the 238U and 234U reference values of the RM were 43.0 ± 1.7 Bq kg-1(k=1) and 41.5 ± 1.9 Bq kg-1(k=1), respectively. This marine sediment RM will be useful for the quality control of analytical methods for similar samples and proficiency tests.
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Interpretable Machine Learning Models for Severe Esophagitis Prediction in LA-NSCLC Patients Treated with Chemoradiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e490. [PMID: 37785548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Radiation esophagitis is a common adverse event that may occur during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) that can adversely affect survival. This study aimed to develop interpretable machine learning (ML) models to predict grade 3 and higher radiation esophagitis in patients receiving definitive CRT therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 335 patients with LA-NSCLC who received definitive concurrent CRT at a single institution from 2017 to 2021 were retrospectively identified. Patients with esophagitis were identified and graded according to CTCAE v5.0. For each patient, 31 clinical features and 1093 dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters from 19 structures were collected. The data was then randomly split into training (n = 233) and testing (n = 102) datasets. Feature selection was performed on the training dataset using the minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm to find a set of relevant features while controlling for the redundancy within the selected features, which were then followed by the Boruta algorithm to remove unimportant features and make the ML model more accurate. Synthetic minority oversampling technique was used to handle class-imbalanced datasets by generating synthetic samples for the minority class. Four variants of the Generalized Additive Model (GAM), including Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM), neural GAM (NODE-GAM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)-GAM, and Spline, were built with selected features. The models' performance in predicting esophagitis was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the test dataset. Shape plots were used to interpret the models' output and explain the selected features' contribution to the prediction. RESULTS NODE-GAM yielded the highest performance (F1 score = 0.57, accuracy = 0.8, and AUC = 0.837), followed by EBM (F1 score = 0.43, accuracy = 0.8, and AUC = 0.7), Spline (F1 score = 0.42, accuracy = 0.74, and AUC = 0.737), and XGB-GAM (F1 score = 0.42, accuracy = 0.76, and AUC = 0.71). Selected features included D95%[Gy], D90%[Gy], D65%[Gy] and V40Gy [%] for the esophagus, V10Gy [%] for the pulmonary artery, and the distance from GTVn to the ascending aorta. The analysis of the selected features indicated that an increased radiation dose delivered to the esophagus and a shorter distance between the ascending aorta and GTVn were associated with a higher risk of developing esophagitis. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the feasibility of developing interpretable ML models to predict esophagitis in patients with LA-NSCLC patients treated with CRT. NODE-GAM provided the best accuracy while providing insights into the driving dosimetric factors that could be used to guide optimal RT planning.
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Development of metal radioactive liquid reference material for proficiency test. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110970. [PMID: 37540991 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This study developed liquid reference materials containing various metals, to be used for quality assurance of radiation measurements of the most common metallic wastes generated during the operation or decommissioning of nuclear power plants. The liquid reference materials were prepared by assuming the dissolution of stainless-steel using acid and melting of the major metals present in the stainless steel, namely Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mn, along with the standard sources (134Cs, 137Cs, 60Co, 90Sr). The theoretical massic activity of the standard sources added to the samples and the measured reference values of the gamma and beta emitters in the samples were compared, and they showed good agreement within a one-sigma confidence interval (k = 1). Using the developed reference materials, a proficiency test was conducted on three domestic labs, and the results were evaluated using Z-score. While the evaluation results showed good agreement between the reference values and the reported values for 137Cs and 60Co, all participating labs reported lower values than the reference value for 134Cs. For 90Sr, two out of the three labs reported significantly higher values than the reference value. Based on the results of this study, the developed metal radioactive liquid reference material is expected to be registered as certified reference material (CRM) in the future. They will be used as the CRM for measuring and ensuring the quality of radioactive metal waste.
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Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) Versus Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (LA-NSCLC) in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Consolidation: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e26. [PMID: 37784996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Patients (pts) with LA-NSCLC treated with concurrent chemoradiation (cCRT) and ICI consolidation are at high risk for treatment-related toxicities and subsequent hospitalization. We hypothesized that PBT is associated with a reduction in acute unplanned hospitalizations as compared to IMRT in the era of ICI consolidation. MATERIALS/METHODS This single institution, multi-site retrospective study included consecutive pts with LA-NSCLC treated with definitive cCRT with either PBT or IMRT from October 2017 to December 2021. Pts were evaluated for consolidative ICI. Primary endpoint was unplanned treatment-related hospitalization within 90 days of first radiation (RT) treatment. Secondary endpoints included grade 3+ pneumonitis, grade 3+ esophagitis, PFS and OS. Logistic regression was used to assess associations with 90-day hospitalization. Competing risk regression was used for grade 3+ pneumonitis and esophagitis, and Cox regression for PFS and OS. RESULTS A total of 316 pts were included: 117 (37%) received PBT and 199 (63%) IMRT. Median age was 68.5 yrs; median RT dose 66.6 Gy (IQR 65.9-70.0). PBT group was older (median 71.1 vs 67.2 yrs, p<0.005) and had a higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (median 4 vs 3, p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in ECOG, smoking pack-years, T stage, N stage, target volume size, or receipt of ICI consolidation (66.7% vs 68.3%, p = 0.76). PBT group had lower mean heart dose (5.9 vs 10.8 Gy, p<0.001), LAD V15 (0 vs 6 %, p = 0.001), mean lung dose (14.7 vs 15.7 Gy, p <0.008) and effective dose to immune circulating cells (median 3.7 vs 4.9 Gy, p<0.001) but not mean esophagus dose. PBT was associated with fewer unplanned 90-day hospitalizations (23.9% vs 34.7%); which persisted on multivariable analysis (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30-0.90, p = 0.02) after adjusting for CCI, smoking pack-years, T4 tumors and target volume. Reasons for hospitalization in PBT and IMRT groups included progression (1.7% vs 1.5%), definite/probable toxicity from cCRT (11.1% vs 18.6%), possible toxicity from cCRT (7.7% vs 12.6%) or unrelated to cCRT (3.4% vs 2.0%). There was no significant difference between PBT or IMRT groups in G3+ pneumonitis (1-year 6.0% vs 9.1%, p = 0.49), G3+ esophagitis (1-year 6.0% vs 6.5%, p = 0.71), PFS (median 14.4 vs 15.1 months, p = 0.69), or OS (median 34.2 vs 29.4 months, p = 0.41). CONCLUSION Among pts with LA-NSCLC treated with cCRT in the era of ICI consolidation, PBT was associated with fewer acute unplanned hospitalizations compared to IMRT. There was no difference in G3+ pneumonitis, G3+ esophagitis, PFS or OS.
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Patterns of Failure, Volume of Disease Progression, and Subsequent Ablative Management in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (LA-NSCLC) Treated with Definitive Chemoradiation and Consolidation Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e18-e19. [PMID: 37784800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) For patients (pts) with LA-NSCLC treated with chemoradiation and consolidation ICI (CRT+ICI), the patterns of failure (POF) and volume of disease progression (PD) are not well characterized. The primary objective of this study was to classify POFs, the frequency of low volume relapse (LVR), and identify pts eligible for further ablative therapy. MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively identified pts with unresectable stage III NSCLC treated with CRT+ICI between October 2017 and December 2021 at a single institution. Site of first failure was classified as locoregional (LRF), distant (DF), or synchronous LRF + DF. Any LRF was subclassified as in field (IFF; PD within 90% isodose line), marginal (MF; within 50% isodose line) or out of field (OOF; outside of 50% isodose line). LVR was defined as < 3 discrete sites of PD in any number or location of organs. Pts with distant LVR were considered to have oligometastatic relapse. Ablative candidates were defined as pts with < 3 discrete sites of PD amenable to further RT or surgery. Cumulative incidence of PD was calculated with death as a competing risk. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the end of RT and assessed via Kaplan Meier. Multivariable Cox modeling was used to assess correlation of pt characteristics and time-to-event outcomes. Logistic regression was used to predict variables associated with LVR. RESULTS A total of 229 pts received CRT+ICI. Median follow up was 39 months and 119 pts experienced PD. Median PFS and OS were 18.4 and 34.5 months, respectively. Of pts with PD, 71 (60%) had DF, 28 (24%) had LRF+DF, and 20 (17%) had LRF. Of pts with any LRF, 28 (57%) had IFF, 10 (21%) had MF, and 10 (21%) had OOF. Estimated 1-year cumulative incidence of LRF, DF, and LRF+DF were 9.3% (95% CI 4.5-16), 39% (95% CI 31-48), and 19% (95% CI 12-27), respectively. A total of 63 (53%) pts had LVR. In pts with LVR, 19 (30%) had isolated thoracic relapse and 44 (69%) had oligometastatic relapse. Most oligometastatic disease was intracranial (22 metastases, 44%). Pts with LVR had a longer median OS vs pts with high volume relapse (37.4 vs 15.2 months, p<0.001). At time of PD, 56 (47%) pts were candidates for further ablative therapies. Subsequent anticancer therapies were local therapy alone (35%), local and systemic therapy (16%), systemic therapy alone (36%), or no therapy (13%). On multivariable analysis, LVR (HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.21-0.73, p = 0.003) and longer receipt of ICI (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.95-0.98; p<0.001) were associated with improved survival while squamous histology (HR 2.26; 95% CI 1.18-4.32; p = 0.039) was associated with worse survival. Longer receipt of ICI was the only variable predictive for the development of LVR (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION This is the largest real-world series reporting POF after CRT+ICI for stage III NSCLC. Approximately half of pts experience LVR and are candidates for further ablative therapy. Further data are needed to define optimal treatment strategies for pts with LVR after CRT+ICI.
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Observation of New Ω_{c}^{0} States Decaying to the Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} Final State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:131902. [PMID: 37831985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.131902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Two new excited states, Ω_{c}(3185)^{0} and Ω_{c}(3327)^{0}, are observed in the Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} invariant-mass spectrum using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. Five previously observed excited Ω_{c}^{0} states are confirmed, namely Ω_{c}(3000)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3050)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3065)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3090)^{0}, and Ω_{c}(3119)^{0}. The masses and widths of these seven states are measured with the highest precision to date.
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Evidence of a J/ψK_{S}^{0} Structure in B^{0}→J/ψϕK_{S}^{0} Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:131901. [PMID: 37832008 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.131901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
An amplitude analysis of B^{0}→J/ψϕK_{S}^{0} decays is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Evidence with a significance of 4.0 standard deviations of a structure in the J/ψK_{S}^{0} system, named T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{0}, is seen, with its mass and width measured to be 3991_{-10}^{+12} _{-17}^{+9} MeV/c^{2} and 105_{-25}^{+29} _{-23}^{+17} MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{0} state is likely to be the isospin partner of the T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{+} state, previously observed in the J/ψK^{+} system of the B^{+}→J/ψϕK^{+} decay. When isospin symmetry for the charged and neutral T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000) states is assumed, the signal significance increases to 5.4 standard deviations.
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Measurement of the Ratios of Branching Fractions R(D^{*}) and R(D^{0}). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:111802. [PMID: 37774262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The ratios of branching fractions R(D^{*})≡B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) and R(D^{0})≡B(B^{-}→D^{0}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B^{-}→D^{0}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν_{τ}ν[over ¯]_{μ}. The measured values are R(D^{*})=0.281±0.018±0.024 and R(D^{0})=0.441±0.060±0.066, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is ρ=-0.43. The results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the standard model.
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Measurement of the Prompt D^{0} Nuclear Modification Factor in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:102301. [PMID: 37739372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The production of prompt D^{0} mesons in proton-lead collisions in both the forward and backward rapidity regions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The nuclear modification factor of prompt D^{0} mesons is determined as a function of the transverse momentum p_{T}, and the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass frame y^{*}. In the forward rapidity region, significantly suppressed production with respect to pp collisions is measured, which provides significant constraints on models of nuclear parton distributions and hadron production down to the very low Bjorken-x region of ∼10^{-5}. In the backward rapidity region, a suppression with a significance of 2.0-3.8 standard deviations compared to parton distribution functions in a nuclear environment expectations is found in the kinematic region of p_{T}>6 GeV/c and -3.25
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Measurement of the Time-Integrated CP Asymmetry in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:091802. [PMID: 37721849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The time-integrated CP asymmetry in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.7 fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The D^{0} mesons are required to originate from promptly produced D^{*+}→D^{0}π^{+} decays, and the charge of the companion pion is used to determine the flavor of the charm meson at production. The time-integrated CP asymmetry is measured to be A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+})=[6.8±5.4±1.6]×10^{-4} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The direct CP asymmetries in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays, a_{K^{-}K^{+}}^{d} and a_{π^{-}π^{+}}^{d}, are derived by combining A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+}) with the time-integrated CP asymmetry difference, ΔA_{CP}=A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+})-A_{CP}(π^{-}π^{+}), and other inputs, giving a_{K^{-}K^{+}}^{d}=(7.7±5.7)×10^{-4},a_{π^{-}π^{+}}^{d}=(23.2±6.1)×10^{-4},with a correlation coefficient corresponding to ρ=0.88. The compatibility of these results with CP symmetry is 1.4 and 3.8 standard deviations for D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays, respectively. This is the first evidence for direct CP violation in a specific D^{0} decay.
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Measurement of the Branching Fractions B(B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯]) and B(B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯]). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:091901. [PMID: 37721819 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.091901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Searches for the rare hadronic decays B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] and B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] are performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. Significances of 9.3σ and 4.0σ, including statistical and systematic uncertainties, are obtained for the B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] and B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] signals, respectively. The branching fractions are measured relative to the topologically similar normalization decays B^{0}→J/ψ(→pp[over ¯])K^{*0}(→K^{+}π^{-}) and B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→pp[over ¯])ϕ(→K^{+}K^{-}). The branching fractions are measured to be B(B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])=(2.2±0.4±0.1±0.1)×10^{-8} and B(B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])=(2.3±1.0±0.2±0.1)×10^{-8}. In these measurements, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third one is due to the external branching fraction of the normalization channel.
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Effect of Rehabilitation in a Dog with Delayed Recovery following TPLO: A Case Report. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2778. [PMID: 37685042 PMCID: PMC10486540 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old neutered Maltese dog weighing 5.1 kg was presented, with a tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy (TPLO) on the right hindlimb 42 days prior. The patient's right hind limb showed lameness, intermittent limping, and atrophy, and the patient had not experienced rehabilitation since TPLO surgery. The patient showed a pain reaction at the end of the stifle extension, and an increased body temperature was identified on the medial side of the right hindlimb when compared with the left hindlimb using a digital thermal imaging device. In addition, a type of lameness, only partial weight bearing in the right hindlimb, was also identified during the gait analysis. The pain was relieved by applying a cold pack and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and the patient's weak muscles were strengthened through treadmill exercises. In this study, physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises controlled pain and induced rapid recovery, indicating that rehabilitative intervention is required after TPLO surgery.
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Observation of a Resonant Structure near the D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Threshold in the B^{+}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-}K^{+} Decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:071901. [PMID: 37656865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.071901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
An amplitude analysis of the B^{+}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-}K^{+} decay is carried out to study for the first time its intermediate resonant contributions, using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. A near-threshold peaking structure, referred to as X(3960), is observed in the D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} invariant-mass spectrum with significance greater than 12 standard deviations. The mass, width, and the quantum numbers of the structure are measured to be 3956±5±10 MeV, 43±13±8 MeV, and J^{PC}=0^{++}, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The properties of the new structure are consistent with recent theoretical predictions for a state composed of cc[over ¯]ss[over ¯] quarks. Evidence for an additional structure is found around 4140 MeV in the D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} invariant mass, which might be caused either by a new resonance with the 0^{++} assignment or by a J/ψϕ↔D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} coupled-channel effect.
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Evidence for Modification of b Quark Hadronization in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:061901. [PMID: 37625046 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.061901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The production rate of B_{s}^{0} mesons relative to B^{0} mesons is measured by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13 TeV over the forward rapidity interval 2
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Test of Lepton Universality in b→sℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:051803. [PMID: 37595222 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.051803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The first simultaneous test of muon-electron universality using B^{+}→K^{+}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} and B^{0}→K^{*0}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} decays is performed, in two ranges of the dilepton invariant-mass squared, q^{2}. The analysis uses beauty mesons produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. Each of the four lepton universality measurements reported is either the first in the given q^{2} interval or supersedes previous LHCb measurements. The results are compatible with the predictions of the Standard Model.
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Eosinophil-derived TGFβ1 controls the new bone formation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Rhinology 2023; 61:338-347. [PMID: 37083114 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by chronic eosinophilic inflammation and new bone formation (NBF). These processes may be associated with each other in the pathogenesis and influence the severity and prognosis of the disease. However, it is still unclear how eosinophilic inflammation is involved in the NBF. METHODOLOGY Sinus bone cells were isolated from ethmoid bone tissues of patients with CRSwNP and controls. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in sinus bone cells was determined using quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. The co-localization of TGFβ1 with eosinophils was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Sinus bone cells were co-cultured with eosinophils (Eol-1 cell line), which were differentiated with butyrate, to measure the osteoblast differentiation activity of sinus bone cells. RESULTS TGFβ1 expression was increased in sinus bone tissues and correlated with CT scores in CRSwNP. TGFβ1 was also increased in the submucosa of CRSwNP and co-localized predominantly with eosinophils compared with neutrophils Differentiated Eol-1 cells-derived TGFβ1 increased ALP expression in sinus bone cells. Treatment with a TGFβ inhibitor attenuated TGFβ1-induced ALP expression and staining in sinus bone cells of CRSwNP, leading to loss of bone formation. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophil-derived TGFβ1 was enriched in the submucosa of CRSwNP, which induced ALP expression in sinus bone cells and NBF. Therefore, eosinophil-derived TGFβ1 may mediate aberrant bone remodeling in CRSwNP.
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First Observation of a Doubly Charged Tetraquark and Its Neutral Partner. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:041902. [PMID: 37566831 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A combined amplitude analysis is performed for the decays B^{0}→D[over ¯]^{0}D_{s}^{+}π^{-} and B^{+}→D^{-}D_{s}^{+}π^{+}, which are related by isospin symmetry. The analysis is based on data collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The full data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. Two new resonant states with masses of 2.908±0.011±0.020 GeV and widths of 0.136±0.023±0.013 GeV are observed, which decay to D_{s}^{+}π^{+} and D_{s}^{+}π^{-} respectively. The former state indicates the first observation of a doubly charged open-charm tetraquark state with minimal quark content [cs[over ¯]ud[over ¯]], and the latter state is a neutral tetraquark composed of [cs[over ¯]u[over ¯]d] quarks. Both states are found to have spin-parity of 0^{+}, and their resonant parameters are consistent with each other, which suggests that they belong to an isospin triplet.
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Search for Rare Decays of D^{0} Mesons into Two Muons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:041804. [PMID: 37566853 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A search for the very rare D^{0}→μ^{+}μ^{-} decay is performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. The search is optimized for D^{0} mesons from D^{*+}→D^{0}π^{+} decays but is also sensitive to D^{0} mesons from other sources. No evidence for an excess of events over the expected background is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction of this decay is set at B(D^{0}→μ^{+}μ^{-})<3.1×10^{-9} at a 90% C.L. This represents the world's most stringent limit, constraining models of physics beyond the standard model.
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Nuclear Modification Factor of Neutral Pions in the Forward and Backward Regions in p-Pb Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:042302. [PMID: 37566846 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear modification factor of neutral pions is measured in proton-lead collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 8.16 TeV with the LHCb detector. The π^{0} production cross section is measured differentially in transverse momentum (p_{T}) for 1.5
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Observation of a J/ψΛ Resonance Consistent with a Strange Pentaquark Candidate in B^{-}→J/ψΛp[over ¯] Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:031901. [PMID: 37540878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.031901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
An amplitude analysis of B^{-}→J/ψΛp[over ¯] decays is performed using 4400 signal candidates selected on a data sample of pp collisions recorded at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. A narrow resonance in the J/ψΛ system, consistent with a pentaquark candidate with strangeness, is observed with high significance. The mass and the width of this new state are measured to be 4338.2±0.7±0.4 MeV and 7.0±1.2±1.3 MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The spin is determined to be 1/2 and negative parity is preferred. Because of the small Q-value of the reaction, the most precise single measurement of the B^{-} mass to date, 5279.44±0.05±0.07 MeV, is obtained.
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Measurement of Direct-Photon Cross Section and Double-Helicity Asymmetry at sqrt[s]=510 GeV in p[over →]+p[over →] Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:251901. [PMID: 37418716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.251901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the cross section and double-helicity asymmetry A_{LL} of direct-photon production in p[over →]+p[over →] collisions at sqrt[s]=510 GeV. The measurements have been performed at midrapidity (|η|<0.25) with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. At relativistic energies, direct photons are dominantly produced from the initial quark-gluon hard scattering and do not interact via the strong force at leading order. Therefore, at sqrt[s]=510 GeV, where leading-order-effects dominate, these measurements provide clean and direct access to the gluon helicity in the polarized proton in the gluon-momentum-fraction range 0.02<x<0.08, with direct sensitivity to the sign of the gluon contribution.
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Stifle Joint Arthrodesis for Treating Chronic-Osteoarthritis-Affected Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:407. [PMID: 37505813 PMCID: PMC10383017 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-year-old male Pomeranian dog was presented to a veterinary hospital due to the side effects of a surgical correction for patellar luxation. Stifle joint arthrodesis (SJA) was performed on the patient's right leg using autologous bone-grafting techniques. The right femur and tibial joint were angled 120-130°, and an SJA plate was fixed on the front of the two bones. After performing joint fusion of the right limb, medial-patellar-luxation-(MPL)-corrective surgery was performed to cut the tibial tuberosity on the left leg, and the fixing force was increased using the figure-of-eight-tension-band-wiring technique. Results were recorded regarding the dog's ability to walk and trot in the right hind limb; these results were evaluated for 27 days after surgery. It was difficult for the patient to walk because weight-bearing had not been carried out for 3 days after the surgery; short strides and partial weight bearing were possible 5 to 7 days after surgery. After 10 days, the patient was able to move while bearing weight with a slight disruption. With regard to trotting, the patient showed intermittent normal steps 5 to 7 days after surgery, but the disruption continued. After 14 days, trotting was possible, and it was observed that movement could be maintained during everyday activities.
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Tranexamic acid, as an adjunct to oxytocin prophylaxis, in the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in women undergoing elective caesarean section: A single-centre double-blind randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 36852501 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss during elective caesarean sections in women with and without risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). DESIGN A double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. SETTING An academic tertiary referral centre in Singapore. POPULATION Multiethnic women aged 21 years or older undergoing elective caesarean section. METHODS Randomisation to intravenous TXA or normal saline (placebo) 10 minutes before skin incision. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Calculated estimated blood loss (cEBL), derived from blood volume and haematocrit levels. RESULTS Between June 2020 and October 2021, 200 women were randomised to the placebo or TXA groups. Women who received prophylactic TXA had a significantly lower mean cEBL compared with those receiving placebo (adjusted mean difference -126.4 mL, 95% CI -243.7 to -9.1, p = 0.035). The effect was greatest in those at high risk for PPH, with a reduction in cEBL (mean difference -279.6 mL, 95% CI -454.8 to -104.3, p = 0.002) and a lower risk of cEBL ≥500 mL (risk ratio [RR] 0.54, 95% CI 0.36-0.83, p = 0.007) and cEBL ≥1000 mL (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20-0.98, p = 0.016). Subgroup analysis showed benefit for women with preoperative haemoglobin <10.5 g/dL (mean difference -281.9 mL, 95% CI -515.0 to -48.8, p = 0.019). There was no significant difference in need for additional medical or surgical interventions. There were no maternal or neonatal adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION Prophylactic TXA should be considered in women with risk factors for PPH, and those most likely to benefit are those with preoperative haemoglobin <10.5 g/dL.
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Effects of genomic estimated breeding value and dietary energy to protein ratio on growth performance, carcass trait, and lipogenic gene expression in Hanwoo steer. Animal 2023; 17:100728. [PMID: 36870258 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
"Genome-based precision feeding" is a concept that involves the application of customised diets to different genetic groups of cattle. We investigated the effects of the genomic estimated breeding value (gEBV) and dietary energy to protein ratio (DEP) on growth performance, carcass traits, and lipogenic gene expression in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers. Forty-four Hanwoo steers (BW = 636 kg, age = 26.9 months) were genotyped using the Illumina Bovine 50 K BeadChip. The gEBV was calculated using genomic best linear unbiased prediction. Animals were separated into high gEBV of marbling score or low-gMS groups based on the upper and lower 50% groupings of the reference population, respectively. Animals were assigned to one of four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: high gMS/high DEP (0.084 MJ/g), high gMS/low DEP (0.079 MJ/g), low gMS/high DEP, and low gMS/low DEP. Steers were fed concentrate with a high or low DEP for 31 weeks. The BW tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in the high-gMS groups compared to the low-gMS groups at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 20 weeks. The average daily gain (ADG) tended to be lower (P = 0.08) in the high-gMS group than in the low-gMS group. Final BW and measured carcass weight (CW) were positively correlated with the gEBV of carcass weight (gCW). The DEP did not affect ADG. Neither the gMS nor the DEP affected the MS and beef quality grade. The intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the longissimus thoracis (LT) tended to be higher (P = 0.08) in the high-gMS groups than in the low-gMS groups. The mRNA levels of lipogenic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid binding protein 4 genes in the LT were higher (P < 0.05) in the high-gMS group than in the low-gMS group. Overall, the IMF content tended to be affected by the gMS, and the genetic potential (i.e., gMS) was associated with the functional activity of lipogenic gene expression. The gCW was associated with the measured BW and CW. The results demonstrated that the gMS and the gCW may be used as early prediction indexes for meat quality and growth potential of beef cattle.
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Imaging Features of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour: Diagnosis and Evaluation of Treatment Response. HONG KONG JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2217461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Development of concrete reference material for quality assurance/quality control of gamma radioactivity measurement for nuclear power plant decommissioning waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 255:107031. [PMID: 36191508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science has developed a new concrete reference material (RM) for measuring gamma-emitting radionuclides, such as 134Cs, 137Cs, 65Zn, 241Am, and 60Co, to improve and maintain the quality assurance and quality control of the radioactivity measurement in radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. In this study, cement, SiO2, and bentonite, which are the main components of concrete, were mixed in an appropriate ratio with radionuclides. For certification and homogeneity assessment, 10 bottles were randomly selected, two sub-samples were collected from each bottle, and radionuclides were measured via HPGe gamma spectrometry. The results of the homogeneity tests using a one-way analysis of variance on 241Am, 134Cs, 137Cs, 65Zn, and 60Co in the concrete RM fulfilled the requirements of ISO Guide 35. Coincidence summing and self-absorption correction were performed on measurement results by introducing the Monte Carlo efficiency transfer code and Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code. The reference values for five radionuclides (60Co, 65Zn, 241Am, 134Cs, and 137Cs) in the RM were in the range of 15-40 Bq/kg, and the expanded uncertainty was within 10% (k = 2). To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to develop concrete RM for measuring gamma-emitting radionuclides.
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Determinants of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in rheumatic mitral stenosis: a study with exercise stress and speckle tracking echocardiography. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Backgrounds
Exercise stress echocardiography is helpful in assessing hemodynamic consequence of mitral stenosis (MS) and in guiding treatment. Exercised-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is result of severity of MS, but myocardial function of left ventricle and clinical factors can also have effect.
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the associated factors with the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in exercise stress echocardiography through 2D, Doppler, and speckle tracking imaging in patients with rheumatic MS.
Methods
A total of 164 patients with rheumatic MS underwent a graded, symptom-limited, supine bicycle exercise with echocardiography. After exclusion of patients who had very severe MS (valve area <1.0 cm2), a history of surgery or recent percutaneous mitral valvotomy, combined significant aortic valve dysfunction, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <50%, we analyzed 113 patients (77.6% female; mean age, 56±9 years). Echocardiographic parameters at rest, each stage (25 watt increment every 3 minutes), and peak exercise were obtained. Exercised induced PH was defined as present if PASP >60 mmHg at peak exercise. LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and left atrial (LA) strain were analyzed by software. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to mean transmitral pressure gradient (MG) (15 mmHg) and PASP (60 mmHg) at peak exercise (Group 1, MG <15 mmHg and PASP <60 mmHg, n=29; Group 2, MG <15 mmHg and PASP ≥60 mmHg, n=9; Group 3, MG ≥15 mmHg and PASP <60 mmHg, n=23; Group 4, MG ≥15 mmHg and PASP ≥6 0mmHg, n=52).
Results
The mean mitral valve area was 1.30±0.23 cm2. PASP increased from 30.0±8.0 mmHg at rest to 61.0±14.8 mmHg at peak exercise, along with increase MG. 61 (53.9%) subjects had PASP>60 mmHg at peak exercise. Compared to group 1, group 2 had higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and significantly elevated PASP at baseline and impaired LV-GLS. However, there was no statical difference in LA strain between the two groups. In subjects with MG above 15 mmHg (Group 3 and 4), a similar trend was observed in occurrence of exercise-induced PH. On logistic multivariate regression, exercised induced PH was independently associated with female (HR: 5.35, 95% CI: 1.51–24.95; p=0.032), DM (HR: 10.05, 95% CI, 1.35–74.45; p=0.024), MG at peak exercise (HR: 1.17, 95% CI, 1.02–1.34; p=0.002), PASP at rest (HR: 1.17, 95% CI, 1.05–1.30; p=0.002), and LV-GLS (HR: 1.45, 95% CI, 1.09–1.91; p=0.009), but not with LA strain. The predictive value for exercised induced PH was highest when adding LV-GLS to the clinical factor (age, sex, DM) and echocardiographic parameters (Figure 1).
Conclusions
Exercised induced PH is affected by not only hemodynamic consequence of MS, but also myocardial function of left ventricle and clinical factors. Therefore, when determining the optimal timing of intervention based on exercise-induced PH in rheumatic MS patients, LV-GLS should be evaluated comprehensively along with MS characteristics.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Yonsei University College of Medicine
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PCSK9 modulates the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protein that affects cholesterol homeostasis. Recent research has found that PCSK9 has various effects on the heart that are unrelated to LDL cholesterol regulation. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role during heart development, and it is re-activated in response to cardiac injury. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 (LRP5) act as co-receptors of Wnt ligands and are indispensable for Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction. However, it is not fully elucidated whether other members of the LDLR-superfamily may be targets of PCSK9.
Purpose
This study aimed to determine if LRP5 is a PCSK9 target, study the association between PCSK9 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and elucidate its effect on myocardial infarction in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Methods
The expression of Lrp5, phospho-β-catenin, total β-catenin was evaluated by western blot analysis, and the effects of overexpressed PCSK9 were tested under normoxia, hypoxia, or hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) in mouse cardiomyocytes (HL-1). The transcriptional activity of β-catenin was assessed using the TOP-Flash/FOP-Flash luciferase reporter assay. In addition, the impact on various downstream targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was assessed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To examine whether PCSK9 regulates injury of cardiomyocytes in vivo, we subjected transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PCSK9 (PCSK9 TG) and wild-type (WT) mice to either sham surgery or ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) surgery.
Results
Under hypoxic conditions, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related genes were downregulated in HL-1 cells, as evidenced by lower Lrp5 and active phospho-β-catenin expression levels (0.5-fold, n=3, p<0.01). After H/R, the Wnt/β-catenin-related genes were recovered (1.5-fold, p<0.01) in the control group but not in the PCSK9 overexpressed group. In the luciferase reporter assay results, PCSK9 overexpression inhibited the recovery of β-catenin transcriptional activity after H/R, in contrast to the control group. Furthermore, mRNA levels of Axin2, Cyclin D1, which are the Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream pathway targets, were down-regulated under hypoxia and recovered after H/R but did not recover in PCSK9 overexpressed cells. In the mouse I/R model, the overall protein levels of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related genes were down-regulated in PCSK9 TG mice compared to WT mice after I/R injury.
Conclusions
These results indicated that the regulation of PCSK9 is closely associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway which may play a crucial role in damaged cardiomyocytes. It suggests that the regulation of PCSK9 could be a therapeutic target in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Genetic analysis of Korean non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy using next generation sequencing. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) is a genetic disorder that causes heart failure and life-threatening arrhythmia. However, there has been no study about the up-to-date genetic analysis for NIDCM in Korean. Therefore, we performed the genetic analysis of Korean NIDCM patients (pts) using next generation sequencing (NGS).
Methods
We analyzed clinical and echocardiographic data of 203 NIDCM in a single center from July 2017 to May 2020. All pts underwent NGS analysis with customized panel including 369 genes. Genetic variants were classified as pathogenic, likely pathogenic mutations or variants of uncertain significance regarding American College of Medical Genetics guideline.
Results
A total of 203 NIDCM pts (57±15 years old, 32.0% male, LVEF 28%) had NGS analysis. Thirty-seven (18.2%) pts had pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations. The most prevalent mutated genes were TTN (n=16, 43.2%). TNNT2 (n=6, 16.2%), MYBPC3 (n=6, 16.2%) and MYH7 (n=3, 8.1%) mutated genes were common in the following order. The patients with positive panel mutation had no significant difference in initial LVEF (27% vs. 28%, p=0.216) and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (37.8% vs. 44.6%, p=0.454) compared with patients with negative panel mutation. During the median follow-up period of 40 months, there was no significant difference in composite outcome (all-cause death, heart transplantation, LVAD, heart failure re-admission, fatal arrhythmia) (35.3% vs. 32.2%, p=0.729) or presence of improved EF (≥10 points increase from baseline LVEF, and a second measurement of LVEF >40%) (41.2% vs. 50.0%, p=0.354) between the two groups.
Conclusion
This is the first study of NGS analysis in Korean NIDCM pts. We could find disease-related pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in 18.2% NIDCM patients. Further prospective, large study should be warranted to elucidate the effect of genetic mutation in clinical manifestation and prognosis of NIDCM in Korean population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Sex difference in 5-year relative survival following percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sex-specific survival following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) varies among studies. This might be clarified using relative survival, which adjusts observed survival in relation to that seen in sex- and age-matched general population. We investigated sex-specific relative survival after PCI.
Methods
A total of 48,783 patients were enrolled in the year 2011 Korean nationwide PCI cohort. Primary outcome was all-cause death. Observed and relative survival at 5 years conditional on surviving 0 days, 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years were assessed. Sex-specific differences in cardiovascular risk factors were adjusted via age-group stratified propensity score matching.
Results
In the unadjusted analyses, 15,710 female patients had a higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors compared with 33,073 male patients. Both observed survival (hazard ratio [HR]=1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.22–1.34) and relative survival (HR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.16–1.27) were worse in female compared with male (p<0.001, all). In analyses of propensity score-matched 14,454 pairs, female showed a higher observed survival (HR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.74–0.82) but a lower relative survival (HR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.13–1.26) compared with male (p<0.001, all). Neither observed nor relative survival differed between female of age≤50s and age-matched male, but they were lower in female of age≥60s than age-matched male. These findings were consistent in further analyses conditional on surviving 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years.
Conclusions
The 5-year relative survival of female aged≥60 years adjusted by clinical risk factors was lower than that of age-matched male, which mandates the need for the excessive risk reduction in older female undergoing PCI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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The association between frailty and physical performance in elderly patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Frailty is known to be an important prognostic indicator in heart failure (HF). The Korean version of the frail scale for Koreans (K-FRAIL) has been developed and verified. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the K-FRAIL scale and physical performance, including muscular fitness and aerobic capacity in patients with HF.
Methods
This study included 143 HF patients aged over 65 years from a single tertiary hospital. In these subjects, muscular fitness was assessed using the handgrip test and knee extensor strength measurement, and aerobic capacity was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise test and 6-minute walk test. Frailty status was measured using the K-FRAIL questionnaire and was classified as robust (K-FRAIL scale: 0), prefrail (1–2), and frail (3–5).
Results
Mean age of participants with robust (N=37), prefrail (N=75), and frail (N=31) were 72.5, 73.5, and 76.3 years, respectively. There was no difference in sex and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) among groups, but the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly lower as frailty status increased (75.6±17.2 vs. 70.0±20.5 vs. 56.1±23.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; P<0.001). Hand-grip strength and knee extensor muscle strength did not differ among groups. However, peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2; 22.8±5.0 vs. 19.3±4.6 vs. 16.9±4.7 mL/kg/min, P<0.001) and 6-min walk distance (458.4±68.2 vs. 404.5±92.3 vs. 311.2±120.5 m; p<0.001) significantly decreased according to frailty severity. In multivariate regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, haemoglobin, eGFR and LVEF, peak VO2 (β=−0.311; P=0.002) and 6-min walk distance (β=−0.384; P<0.001) showed a significant inverse association with the K-FRAIL scale. With the cut-off value from receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, peak VO2 (hazard ratio, 5.08; p=0.023) and 6MWT (hazard ratio, 3.99; p=0.020) were independent predictor of frailty according to K-FRAIL scale.
Conclusion
In elderly HF patients, physical performance differs according to frailty status, peak VO2 and 6-min walk distance correlates with the K-FRAIL scale better than muscular fitness.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Impact of obesity paradox between genders on in-hospital mortality in cardiogenic shock: a retrospective cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In a few studies, obesity was associated with better outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). Although this phenomenon, the “obesity paradox”, reportedly manifests differently based on sex in other disease entities, it has not yet been investigated in CS patients.
Methods and results
1,227 patients with CS from The REtrospective and prospective observational Study to investigate Clinical oUtcomes and Efficacy of left ventricular assist device for Korean patients with cardiogenic shock (RESCUE) registry in Korea were analyzed. The study population was classified into obese and non-obese groups according to Asian-Pacific criteria (BMI >25.0 kg/m2 for obese). Clinical impact of obesity on in-hospital mortality according to sex was analyzed using logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline curves. In-hospital mortality rate was significantly lower in obese men than non-obese men (34.2% vs. 24.1%, p=0.004) while the difference was not significant in women (37.3% vs. 35.8%, p=0.884). As a continuous variable, higher BMI showed a protective effect in men conversely, BMI was not associated with clinical outcomes in women. Comparing to normal-weight patients, obesity was associated with a decreased risk of in-hospital death in men (multivariable-adjusted OR 0.63, CI 0.43–0.92, p=0.016), not in women (multivariable-adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.55–1.61, p=0.828). Interaction P value for the association between BMI and sex was 0.023.
Conclusions
Obesity paradox exists and apparently occurs in men among CS patients. The differential effect of BMI on in-hospital mortality was observed according to sex.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Dementia in individuals with severe hypercholesterolemia: Korean nationwide cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dementia risk and benefit of lipid lowering in individuals with severe hypercholesterolemia has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of dementia and effect of lipid lowering in this population using nationwide cohort.
Methods
This study was performed using the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea. Among individuals who took health check-up and were followed-up, 1,584,401 were enrolled and analyzed. Study population were categorized to three groups with severe hypercholesterolemia according to LDL-C levels, >260, 225–259, and 190–224 mg/dL groups, and a control group (<160 mg/dL). Risks of incident dementia (all dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia) were compared. In the subgroup with new statin users, the effect of statins was further analyzed according to post-treatment LDL-C levels (<70, 70–99, 100–129, >130 mg/dL).
Results
In the median follow-up of 6.1 years, all dementia occurred up to 5.41/1000 person-year in the groups with severe hypercholesterolemia. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of all dementia in the groups ranged from 1.05 to 1.34 (p=0.023) and were dependent of LDL-C categories. Alzheimer's disease developed up to 4.94/1000 person-year and aHRs ranged from 1.04 to 1.38 (p=0.040) with the same pattern to all dementia. Vascular dementia occurred up to 0.59/100 person-year and aHRs ranged from 1.03 to 1.57 without significant difference according to LDL-C categories. In the median follow-up of 6.2 years in new statin users, aHRs were 0.69 to 0.92 for all dementia and 0.74 to 0.92 for Alzheimer's disease, and 0.53 to 1.15 for vascular dementia according to post-treatment LDL-C levels. However, the risk was not significantly related to the levels.
Conclusions
This study newly showed elevated risk of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. The benefit of active lipid lowering on this neurological disease needs to be proven by further studies.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis; National Research Foundation of Korea
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