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Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Clinical Practice Guidelines. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2023; 67:448-539. [PMID: 37351738 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-023-00995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
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Treatment strategy for locally advanced breast cancer in our department. Breast 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(21)00151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Clinical Courses Of Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction Due To Gomphocarpus physocarpus Milky Latex-Induced Injury: A Case Series. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:2293-2299. [PMID: 31819354 PMCID: PMC6878928 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s230009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the clinical courses of patients with corneal endothelial dysfunction due to Gomphocarpus physocarpus milky latex-induced injury. Patients and methods In this retrospective case series, we included consecutive patients who visited Miyata Eye Hospital or Kagoshima Miyata Eye Clinic between October 2010 and August 2017 and had corneal edema caused by G. physocarpus milky latex-induced injury. Patient information and data on central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Results Five eyes of four patients were included. The mean age was 79.0 ± 7.1 years. All patients complaining of symptoms visited the hospital 1 or 2 days after the injury. All patients had corneal edema; two of the five eyes showed hyperemia, whereas none showed corneal epithelial defect or blepharitis. The mean CCT was 699.8 ± 95.9 μm at the first visit and decreased to 563.2 ± 74.0 μm 1 week after the injury with treatment with topical steroids and antibiotics. The mean ECD and BCVA were 2695.8 ± 191.3 cells/mm2 and 0.22 ± 0.19 at the first visit and 2826.0 ± 132.9 cells/mm2 and 0.10 ± 0.09 one week after the injury, respectively. Conclusion G. physocarpus caused transient dysfunction of the corneal endothelium and thereby, corneal edema. Accurate diagnosis with history taking is important to ascertain the types of plants the patient has touched and to exclude other possible diagnoses.
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216 Laminin-511 is a key component of epidermal basement membrane to maintain epidermal homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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C-09 Diastolic Blood Pressure and Executive Function in Healthy Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz034.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Our aim was to investigate the effect of elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) within normal blood pressure range (NBPR) on an executive functioning task (Stroop C) in a cognitively healthy, high functioning, older adult population.
Method
Archival data at Huntington Medical Research Institutes provided 35 cognitively healthy, high functioning adults from 63 to 89 years of age (M = 76, SD = 7.0). The majority were female and Caucasian, and had college or higher degrees. A general linear model (GLM) regression analysis was performed to determine if the Stroop C Interference z score would be predicted by DBP NBPR when controlling for age, sex, education level, and ApoE4 genotype.
Results
The regression model for DBP NBPR on Stroop Interference z scores was significant, F(5, 29) = 1.56, p < .05, with increased DBP NBPR associated with decreased Stroop Interference z scores (slower completion time).
Conclusions
Increased DBP NBPR was negatively associated with executive functioning as indicated by Stroop C Interference performance, such that individuals with slower completion times had elevated DBP NBPR measurements. These results suggest that increased DBP NBPR may play a role in the reduction of executive functioning performance in cognitively healthy older adults and are consistent with prior findings identifying increased DBP as a risk factor for neurodegeneration (den Heijer et al., 2005; Kennelly et al., 2009). The current study highlights the need for increased attention to the role of DBP in neurodegeneration.
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C-08 Hippocampal Volume in a Cognitively Healthy Population Scoring Within Normal Limits on Cognitive Tasks. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz034.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Our aim was to investigate hippocampal volume in a cognitively healthy aging population that scored within normal limits on neuropsychological testing. Decreased hippocampal volume was expected to predict decreased memory performance, and not expected to predict executive function.
Method
A cross-sectional design was conducted from archival data at Huntington Medical Research Institutes. The sample consisted of 35 older adults (63-89 years) with college degrees or higher. Hippocampal volume and intracranial volume were obtained via MRI, and neuropsychological assessment measures included Wechsler Memory Scale, 3rd edition (WMS-III), California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd edition (CVLT-II), and the Stroop Color and Word Test.
Results
Total hippocampal volume was a good predictor of Logical Memory delayed (LM-II) scores (Figure 1), such that a larger hippocampus was associated with poorer LM-II performance (p < .01). Consistent with the above, both left hemisphere (LH) (p = .03), and right hemisphere (RH) hippocampal volume (p < .01), were found to be good predictors of LM-II scores, and a larger RH or LH hippocampus was associated with poorer performance. Neither CVLT-II nor Stroop C Interference sores were significantly related to total hippocampal volume.
Conclusion(s)
Unexpectedly, participants with a larger hippocampus performed more poorly on the LM-II task. These results might be explained by the effects of neuroinflammation in early Alzheimer’s disease pathology. However, given that the MRI volumes did not account for atrophy or damaged cortical tissue, inference is limited. Future research investigating the early pathology of brain aging in the hippocampus in cognitively healthy individuals is recommended.
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Effect of topical prostaglandins on the biomechanics and shape of the cornea. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:2213-2219. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Recent Progress Worldwide and in Japan. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:DES87-DES93. [PMID: 30481811 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the importance of Japanese research on meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is discussed from the perspective of global academic and clinical research on this topic. Many Japanese physicians and researchers have contributed to recent worldwide progress in various fields of MGD research, including pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy. In Japan, recent studies in the field of pathophysiology have provided direct evidence for the hypothesis that lipid composition and reactive oxygen species play a crucial role in the development and worsening of MGD. In the field of diagnosis, slit-lamp examination, in vivo confocal microscopy, and meibography have been widely used in studies from Japan. On the basis of the results of these studies, the MGD working group in Japan has proposed new diagnostic criteria for obstructive MGD. According to these criteria, obstructive MGD is considered present when ocular symptoms, anatomic abnormalities, and meibomian gland obstruction are present. In the field of therapy, devices and drugs newly developed in Japan have been shown to enhance the efficacy of lid hygiene and warm compression. Moreover, diquafosol and vitamin D3 have been shown to be effective for MGD. In conclusion, standardization of the diagnosis and treatment of MGD is necessary to enable all patients with MGD to receive appropriate treatment, and specific diagnostic criteria with cutoff values for each parameter are necessary to standardize the diagnosis of MGD.
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Reliability and validity of arm function assessment for the Fugl–Meyer assessment with a Japanese guideline. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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631 Laminin-511 is a key component of epidermal basement membrane to maintain epidermal homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Optical Coherence Tomography Examination of the Anterior Segment in a Case of Corneal Perforation and Lens Trauma by Chestnut Burr. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018; 9:154-159. [PMID: 29643799 PMCID: PMC5892341 DOI: 10.1159/000487076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chestnut burrs, the thorny encapsulation of chestnut fruit, can sometimes cause corneal injuries and ulceration, with poor prognoses. We report a case of corneal perforation and damaged anterior lens capsule due to a chestnut burr, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). A 67-year-old woman with a chestnut burr injury in her right eye was referred to our hospital. Her right best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.8. Slit-lamp examination and AS-OCT showed perforation involving the endothelial layer at the center of the cornea. The iris and anterior lens capsule were damaged. Cell infiltration was observed around the wound. Bacterial examination showed gram-positive cocci but no fungi. The patient was diagnosed with a corneal perforation and bacterial keratitis. Levofloxacin 1.5% and cefmenoxime treatments were initiated and a soft contact lens was placed to seal the wound. On day 3, there was no improvement in the corneal cell infiltration, but AS-OCT suggested that the inner wound had closed. A culture test revealed the presence of Propionibacterium acnes, which was sensitive to both levofloxacin and cefmenoxime. Therefore, we continued the same antibiotic treatment. On day 26, the opacification and cell infiltration at the center of the cornea had improved. AS-OCT showed healing of the corneal wound with reduction in the central corneal thickness. Her BCVA improved to 1.0. AS-OCT was a valuable tool to noninvasively observe wound shape and detect the presence of any intracorneal foreign bodies.
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Outcomes of bee sting injury: comparison of hornet and paper wasp. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2018; 62:221-225. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-018-0563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Randomized phase II study of TJ-54 (Yokukansan) for postoperative delirium in gastrointestinal and lung malignancy patients. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx676.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Transplantation of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Cultured on Bio-Engineered Collagen Vitrigel in a Rabbit Model of Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1420-1425. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1351568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Effect of topical 3% diquafosol sodium on eyes with dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:1677-1682. [PMID: 29075094 PMCID: PMC5608477 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s148167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To prospectively evaluate the effect of topical diquafosol sodium on eyes with dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Patients and methods The subjects were consecutive patients diagnosed with both DED and MGD at Inouye Eye Hospital between March and September of 2016. The subjects were administered topical 3% diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution six times a day for 3 months. At each study visit, subjects underwent slit-lamp examination and completed MGD symptoms and dry eye-related quality of life score (DEQS) questionnaires. Meibum quality (meibum score) and meibomian gland loss (meiboscore) were evaluated. Tear lipid layer thickness was measured in both eyes with an ocular surface interferometer immediately after clinic arrival and 20 minutes after instillation of one drop of topical diquafosol. Results Thirteen patients (3 men, 10 women) with a mean age of 69.5±8.3 years completed the 3-month study. The number of telangiectasia and plugged meibomian gland orifices significantly decreased from baseline after 1 month of diquafosol use. The meibum score and the meiboscore significantly decreased from baseline at 3 months. Also, the lipid layer thickness was greater after diquafosol administration than before administration at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months by 12.2, 11.5, 9.5, and 17.0 nm, respectively, but this difference was only significant at 3 months (p=0.039). The DEQS ocular symptom (p=0.065) and MGD questionnaire (p=0.081) scores tended to be lower than baseline at 3 months. Conclusion Diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution improves DED- and MGD-related signs in eyes with MGD.
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A-28What Predicts Performance on Lower Extremity Motor Sequencing Task in Healthy Older Adults? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx076.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Purpose To estimate the prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in the Japanese population. Methods We undertook a clinical study on the prevalence of MGD in Japan using the same diagnostic criteria as a previous population-based study conducted in Spanish Caucasians. The participants were consecutive patients scheduled for cataract surgery at Inouye Eye Hospital. All participants were aged 50 years or older. Patients completed a symptoms questionnaire and underwent a comprehensive slit-lamp examination. Meibomian gland dysfunction was diagnosed when one or more of the following was present in at least in one eye: absent, viscous, or waxy white secretion upon digital expression; presence of two or more lid margin telangiectases; and/or plugging of two or more gland orifices. Results The study included 510 patients (205 men and 305 women). Mean participant age was 71.1 ± 8.5 years (range, 50-93 years). The prevalences of symptomatic and total MGD (symptomatic MGD + asymptomatic MGD) were 11.2% and 74.5%, respectively. The prevalence of total MGD increased significantly as participant age increased (P < 0.0001). The ratio of males to females and the prevalence of any systemic disease did not differ between patients who were positive or negative for MGD. For the total MGD group, all slit-lamp findings were more frequent, fluorescein score was higher, tear film breakup time was shorter, and meibo-score was larger, compared to non-MGD patients. Conclusions Based on the present diagnostic criteria, prevalence of MGD is higher in Tokyo, compared to the Spanish population.
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Comparison of laser in situ ketatomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for myopia using a mixed-effects model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174810. [PMID: 28362808 PMCID: PMC5375153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia using a mixed-effects model. Methods This comparative retrospective study was conducted in 1,127 eyes of 579 patients after LASIK and 270 eyes of 144 patients after PRK who had two or more postoperative follow-ups after 3 months. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), percentage of eyes within ± 0.5 diopters (D) and ± 1.0 D of targeted refraction, and central corneal thickness were compared between PRK and LASIK groups using a mixed-effects model. Results Compared with the LASIK group, UCVA in the PRK group was significantly worse in the initial year but was significantly better after 4 years. The average BSCVA was not significantly different between the LASIK and PRK groups after 4 years. The average gain of BSCVA in the PRK group was significantly larger than that of the LASIK group after 2 years. MRSE in the LASIK and PRK groups showed a gradual myopic shift until 6 years after surgery. After 6 years, MRSE in the PRK group remained stable whereas MRSE in the LASIK group continued a myopic shift. The percentages of eyes within ± 0.5 D or ± 1.0 D in the LASIK group were significantly higher than those in the PRK group at 3 months but were significantly lower than those in the PRK group at 10 years. Conclusions PRK for myopia shows better efficacy than LASIK for myopia after 4 years.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) according to the corneal disease diagnosis and the number of PKP procedures performed. METHODS Five-hundred-and-nine eyes from 403 patients who underwent PKP at Miyata Eye Hospital in Japan from 1998 through 2014, were included in this study. Medical charts were retrospectively examined to ascertain the corneal disease diagnosis and the period of graft survival. Graft survival rates were compared among various corneal disease diagnoses and among the number of PKP procedures performed. Changes in corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) were analyzed using a mixed-effects model. The presence/absence of various risk factors was compared between transparent grafts and failed grafts. RESULTS The overall rate of graft survival at 12 years was 60.4%. The rates of graft survival in keratoconus was 100%, in corneal dystrophy 100%, in leukoma 70.8%, and in bullous keratopathy 51.7%. The rates of graft survival at 12 years for the first PKP was 65.4% and for the second PKP, 43.4% (p < 0.001). All cases of third PKP and fourth PKP failed within 8 years. Preoperative mean ECD (95% confidence interval) was 2722 (2666-2778) cells/mm2; it decreased exponentially after PKP. Mean ECD was 659 (440-878) cells/mm2 at 10 years. Rejection, trauma, and infection occurred significantly more frequently in failed grafts than in transparent grafts. CONCLUSIONS The long-term prognosis of PKP depends on the original diagnosis. The long-term prognosis of re-grafting is worse than that of primary grafts. Rejection, trauma, and infection are risk factors for graft failure.
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Analysis of morphological changes after facial massage by a novel approach using three-dimensional computed tomography. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:369-375. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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B-65Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Stress Resilience. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw043.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Acid-amplifying microcapsules: preparation, characterization, and application to cationic UV curing. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcapsules containing photoacid generators and acid amplifiers have been prepared using a liquid-drying method. The acid-amplifying microcapsules were applied to a cationic UV curing system of an epoxy resin using a 313 nm light source.
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Meibum Color and Free Fatty Acid Composition in Patients With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:4403-12. [PMID: 26176877 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We measured the components of meibum in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and control subjects and then examined the relation between meibum composition and clinical parameters. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with MGD (13 men and 25 women; mean age ± SD, 66.9 ± 15.0 years) and 20 control subjects (8 men and 12 women; 64.5 ± 6.7 years) were enrolled. Ocular symptom score, keratoconjunctival staining score, tear film breakup time, and Schirmer's test value were determined. Lid margin abnormalities and meibomian gland morphology were assessed for upper and lower eyelids, and meibum properties were evaluated at temporal, central, and nasal sites of each lid. Free fatty acid (FFA) composition of meibum was analyzed by liquid chromatography-Fourier transform mass spectrometry. RESULTS Upper meibum color score was significantly correlated with epiphora and sticky sensation in MGD patients. Meibum grade, color, or viscosity did not differ significantly among the sites evaluated. A total of 103 species of FFA--including very long chain (such as C36 and C37) and odd-numbered chain (such as C17, C19, and C21) FFAs--were detected in meibum. Free fatty acid composition differed between clear and colored (cloudy or yellow) meibum, with unsaturated FFAs tending to be more abundant in colored meibum. CONCLUSIONS Free fatty acid composition of human meibum correlates with meibum color as determined with a slit-lamp microscope. This finding may provide insight into the pathogenesis of MGD.
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1951 Impact of lapatinib (La) treatment duration and endocrine therapy (ET) addition on the efficacy of primary dual HER2 blockage with La and trastuzumab (T) for HER2+ breast cancer (BC) patients. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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1955 Primary systemic therapy by dual HER2 blockage with lapatinib (La) + trastuzumab (T) for Japanese patients (pts) with HER2+ breast cancer (BC): Association of La toxicity and dose with treatment efficacy. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Toxicity of topical antifungal agents to stratified human cultivated corneal epithelial sheets. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 30:810-4. [PMID: 25280055 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolonged use of topical antifungal agents may compromise corneal epithelial integrity. Here, we used an in vitro model of human stratified corneal epithelium to compare the ocular toxicity profiles of 4 different antifungal eye drops. METHODS Human corneal epithelial cell sheets were cultured in a serum-free medium containing 0.1% micafungin, 1% voriconazole, 5% pimaricin, 0.1% amphotericin B, or controls (saline or 5% glucose). Cell viability and barrier function were measured by WST-1 assay and carboxyfluorescein permeability assay, respectively. Cell migration was measured on a wound healing assay. RESULTS WST-1 assay and carboxyfluorescein permeability assay revealed that amphotericin B was the most toxic drug, followed by pimaricin, micafungin, and voriconazole. Cell migration on a wound healing assay was decreased in the following order, amphotericin B, pimaricin, micafungin, and voriconazole. CONCLUSIONS Topical micafungin and voriconazole appeared to be the least toxic to the corneal epithelium. Drug prescription should consider not only fungal species and susceptibility but also ocular toxicity and stage of treatment.
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2-O-Sulfated Domains in Syndecan-1 Heparan Sulfate Inhibit Neutrophil Cathelicidin and Promote Staphylococcus aureus Corneal Infection. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16157-67. [PMID: 25931123 PMCID: PMC4481216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.660852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ablation of syndecan-1 in mice is a gain of function mutation that enables mice to significantly resist infection by several bacterial pathogens. Syndecan-1 shedding is induced by bacterial virulence factors, and inhibition of shedding attenuates bacterial virulence, whereas administration of purified syndecan-1 ectodomain enhances virulence, suggesting that bacteria subvert syndecan-1 ectodomains released by shedding for their pathogenesis. However, the pro-pathogenic functions of syndecan-1 ectodomain have yet to be clearly defined. Here, we examined how syndecan-1 ectodomain enhances Staphylococcus aureus virulence in injured mouse corneas. We found that syndecan-1 ectodomain promotes S. aureus corneal infection in an HS-dependent manner. Surprisingly, we found that this pro-pathogenic activity is dependent on 2-O-sulfated domains in HS, indicating that the effects of syndecan-1 ectodomain are structure-based. Our results also showed that purified syndecan-1 ectodomain and heparan compounds containing 2-O-sulfate motifs inhibit S. aureus killing by antimicrobial factors secreted by degranulated neutrophils, but does not affect intracellular phagocytic killing by neutrophils. Immunodepletion of antimicrobial factors with staphylocidal activities demonstrated that CRAMP, a cationic antimicrobial peptide, is primarily responsible for S. aureus killing among other factors secreted by degranulated neutrophils. Furthermore, we found that purified syndecan-1 ectodomain and heparan compounds containing 2-O-sulfate units potently and specifically inhibit S. aureus killing by synthetic CRAMP. These results provide compelling evidence that a specific subclass of sulfate groups, and not the overall charge of HS, permits syndecan-1 ectodomains to promote S. aureus corneal infection by inhibiting a key arm of neutrophil host defense.
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Dermal anchoring structures: convex matrix structures at the bottom of the dermal layer that contribute to the maintenance of facial skin morphology. Skin Res Technol 2015; 22:152-7. [PMID: 26058484 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Facial skin must be linked to underlying structures to maintain facial morphology and prevent sagging, but the mechanism of facial skin retention is largely unknown. We aimed to elucidate this mechanism. METHODS Twenty-two cheek skin specimens (age range: 10s-60s, both genders) were observed histologically. And 30 cheek of healthy Japanese volunteers (age range: 30s-50s, female) was photographed and the severity of sagging was graded. Dermal layer morphology was observed non-invasively with ultrasound. Skin-retaining force was measured with a Cutometer MPA 580(®) , and sagging severity was evaluated by grading criteria. RESULTS Histological observation revealed characteristic convex structures at the bottom of the dermal layer. Non-invasive study showed that the depth of the convex structures, measured by ultrasonography, was significantly negatively related to the ratio of viscoelastic to elastic distention (Uv/Ue) and positively related to the ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation (Ur/Uf) at the cheek of female volunteers, measured by cutometer. It was also negatively related to sagging severity. Further, Ur/Uf was negatively and Uv/Ue was positively related to sagging severity. CONCLUSION Characteristic convex structures at the bottom of the dermal layer serve as anchoring structures to maintain skin morphology.
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Long-term observation of surface light scattering in a foldable acrylic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 2015; 41:1205-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) in conjunctival epithelial cells. METHODS An immortalized human conjunctival epithelial cell line was used. Cells were transfected with catalase, GPx1, GPx4, SOD1, SOD2, or control siRNA. Knockdown was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The cytotoxicity induced by knockdown of these antioxidant enzymes was examined by assay of LDH activity. Furthermore, evaluations of lipid peroxidation, cellular levels of reactive oxygen species, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were conducted in cells treated with GPx4 or control siRNA. In oxidative stress study, cells treated with GPx4 or control siRNA were applied with hydrogen peroxide or ferric sulfide, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated by assay of LDH activity. RESULTS Small interfering RNA of catalase, GPx1, GPx4, SOD1, and SOD2 siRNA remarkably inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of each gene. Knockdown of GPx4 and SOD1 but not catalase, GPx1, and SOD2 significantly induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione peroxidase 4 knockdown increased lipid oxidation and reactive oxygen species. The proliferation of GPx4 siRNA-treated cells was reduced compared with control siRNA-treated cells. Moreover, cell death in GPx4 siRNA-treated cells was characterized by positive staining for annexin V. In an oxidation stress study, GPx4 siRNA knockdown enhanced the cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide or ferric sulfide. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GPx4 is essential for maintaining oxidative homeostasis and keeping defense against oxidative stress in conjunctival epithelial cells.
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Effect of secondary particles on image quality of dynamic flat panels in carbon ion scanning beam treatment. Br J Radiol 2014; 88:20140567. [PMID: 25536444 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Real-time markerless tumour tracking using radiographic fluoroscopic imaging is one of the better solutions to improving respiratory-gated radiotherapy. However, particle beams cause secondary particles from patients, which could affect radiographs. Here, we evaluated the quality of radiographs during carbon ion pencil beam scanning (CPBS) irradiation for respiratory gating. METHODS A water phantom and chest phantom were used. The phantoms were irradiated with CPBS at 290 MeV n(-1) from orthogonal directions. Dose rates were 3.4 × 10(8), 1.14 × 10(8) and 3.79 × 10(7) particles per second. A dynamic flat panel detector (DFPD) was installed on the upstream (DFPD1) or downstream (DFPD2) side of the vertical irradiation port. DFPD images were acquired during CPBS at 15.00, 7.50 and 3.75 frames per second (fps). Charge on the DFPD was cleaned using fast readout technique every 30 fps. DFPD images were acquired during CPBS with radiographic exposure, and results with and without fast readout technique were compared. RESULTS Secondary particles were visualized as spots or streak-like shapes. Capture of secondary particles from the horizontal beam direction was lower with fast readout technique than without it. With regard to beam irradiation direction dependency, CPBS from the horizontal direction resulted in a greater magnitude of secondary particles reaching DFPD2 than reaching DFPD1. When CPBS was delivered from the vertical direction, however, the magnitude of secondary particles on both DFPDs was very similar. CONCLUSION Fast readout technique minimized the effect of secondary particles on DFPD images during CPBS. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This technique may be useful for markerless tumour tracking for respiratory gating.
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ET-67 * SUICIDE GENE THERAPY FOR GLIOMA USING MULTILINEAGE-DEFFERENTIATING STRESS ENDURING (MUSE) CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou255.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Systemic Vascular Safety of Ranibizumab for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology 2014; 121:2193-203.e1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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P01.22 * GENERATION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL-DERIVED NEURAL STEM CELLS WITHOUT USING VIRAL VECTORS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Statistical analyses of Endogenous Uveitis Patients (2007–2009) in central Tokyo area and Comparison with Previous Studies (1963–2006). Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2014; 23:291-296. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2014.920036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Development and Evaluation of Porcine Atelocollagen Vitrigel Membrane With a Spherical Curve and Transplantable Artificial Corneal Endothelial Grafts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:4975-81. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rapid identification of fatty acids and (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids in human meibum by liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1347:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Development of a bioengineered corneal endothelial cell sheet to fit the corneal curvature. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:2337-43. [PMID: 24651553 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a novel bioengineered corneal endothelial cell sheet that fits the curvature of the posterior corneal surface. METHODS A spherically curved gelatin hydrogel sheet (SCGS) was prepared by the dehydrothermal cross-linking method, and its permeability to water and protein was tested. Monkey corneal endothelial cells (MCECs) were seeded onto these hydrogel sheets, and the cells were examined by immunohistochemistry. Then MCEC-SCGS constructs were transplanted in monkeys with bullous keratopathy to assess the efficacy of the hydrogel sheets as a scaffold. RESULTS The hydrogel sheets showed similar permeability to water and protein as that of atelocollagen and vitrigel sheets. After transplantation, the SCGS did not show wrinkling and adhered tightly to the posterior corneal surface, whereas the flat sheets developed wrinkles that inhibited tight adhesion. Monkey corneal endothelial cells grown on hydrogel sheets expressed anti-zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), N-cadherin, and sodium, potassium, and adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) along the plasma membrane. In a monkey model of bullous keratopathy, transplanted MCEC-SCGS constructs showed good adhesion to the posterior corneal surface, with subsequent improvement of corneal edema and transparency. CONCLUSIONS A novel MCEC-SCGS construct was effective in a monkey model of bullous keratopathy. The SCGS achieves close adhesion to the posterior corneal surface without wrinkling and may contribute to clinical transplantation of corneal endothelial cell sheets.
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Tear Meniscus Volume Changes in Dacryocystorhinostomy Evaluated With Quantitative Measurement Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:2057-61. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effectiveness of female community health volunteers in the detection and management of low-birth-weight in Nepal. Rural Remote Health 2014; 14:2508. [PMID: 24724713 PMCID: PMC4017643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODCTION Low birth weight (LBW) is a major risk factor for neonatal death. However, most neonates in low-income countries are not weighed at birth. This results in many LBW infants being overlooked. Female community health volunteers (FCHVs) in Nepal are non-health professionals who are living in local communities and have already worked in a field of reproductive and child health under the government of Nepal for more than 20 years. The effectiveness of involving FCHVs to detect LBW infants and to initiate prompt action for their care was studied in rural areas of Nepal. METHODS FCHVs were tasked with weighing all neonates born in selected areas using color-coded spring scales. Supervisors repeated each weighing using electronic scales as the gold standard comparator. Data on the relative birth sizes of the infants, as assessed by their mothers, were also collected and compared with the measured weights. Each of the 205 FCHVs involved in the study was asked about the steps that she would take when she came across a LBW infant, and knowledge of zeroing a spring scale was also assessed through individual interviews. The effect of the background social characteristics of the FCHVs on their performance was examined by logistic regression. This study was nested within a community-based neonatal sepsis-management intervention surveillance system, which facilitated an assessment of the performance of the FCHVs in weighing neonates, coverage of FCHVs' visits, and weighing of babies through maternal interviews. RESULTS A total of 462 babies were weighed, using both spring scales and electronic scales, within 72 hours of birth. The prevalence of LBW, as assessed by the gold standard method, was 28%. The sensitivity of detection of LBW by FCHVs was 89%, whereas the sensitivity of the mothers' perception of size at birth was only 40%. Of the 205 FCHVs participating in the study, 70% of FCHVs understood what they should do when they identified LBW and very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Ninety-six per cent could describe how to zero a scale and approximately 50% could do it correctly. Seventy-seven per cent of FCHVs weighed infants at least once during the study period, and 19 of them (12%) miscategorized infant weights. Differences were not detected between the background social characteristics of FCHVs who miscategorized infants and those who did not. On the basis of maternal reporting, 67% of FCHVs who visited infants had weighed them. CONCLUSIONS FCHVs are able to correctly identify LBW and VLBW infants using spring scales and describe the correct steps to take after identification of these infants. Use of FCHVs as newborn care providers allows for utilization of their logistical, geographical, and cultural strengths, particularly a high level of access to neonates, that can complement the Nepalese healthcare system. Providing additional training to and increasing supervision of local FCHVs regarding birth weight measurement will increase the identification of high-risk neonates in resource-limited settings.
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[Grading for corneal endothelial damage]. NIPPON GANKA GAKKAI ZASSHI 2014; 118:81-83. [PMID: 24640787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
While corneal endothelial damage in its most advanced stage results in bullous keratopathy where corneal transplantation is needed, there is no severity grading for corneal endothelial damage. The Japanese Corneal Society formed a working group to establish a severity grading for corneal endothelial damage. The following are the proposed severity grading criteria. Normal: Corneal endothelial cell (CEC) density is 2000 cells/mm2 or more. Grade 1: CEC density between 1000 and 2000 cells/ mm2. The corneal endothelium is below the normal physiological condition. Grade 2: CEC density between 500 and 1000 cells/ mm2. The transparency of the corneal endothelium is endangered. Even slight damage can induce bullous keratopathy. Grade 3: CEC density below 500 cells/mm2 but no corneal edema is observed. Grade 4: Bullous keratopathy. The cornea is opaque with edema.
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Stromal bed quality and endothelial damage after femtosecond laser cuts into the deep corneal stroma. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 97:1404-9. [PMID: 24008824 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the stromal bed quality and endothelial damage after femtosecond laser (FSL) cuts into the deep corneal stroma. METHODS Using a 150-kHz FSL, a lamellar cut was aimed at a depth of 100, 300, or 500 μm in porcine corneas. Stromal bed smoothness was graded from light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. Rabbit corneas were cut at remaining thicknesses of 70, 100 and 150 μm using the FSL. The effects of peeling off the corneal flap and the distance between laser spots (2 or 4 μm) were examined. RESULTS The ratio of damaged cells in the group with a remaining depth of 70 μm was significantly larger than that in the groups with a remaining depth of 150 μm. The ratio of damaged cells in the group with a 4-μm spot separation and the flap peeled off was significantly larger than that in the group with a 4-μm spot separation and the flap not peeled off. CONCLUSIONS Corneal endothelial damage is likely to increase when the remaining depth is less than 70 μm, and peeling off the flap damages corneal endothelial cells when the remaining depth is less than 100 μm.
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Abstract
We developed a new surgical treatment in which a microneedle is used for retinal endovascular cannulation to treat eyes with central retinal vein occlusion by flushing thrombus out of the central retinal vein as it passes through the lamina cribrosa. The eyes of 12 consecutive patients (12 eyes) with central retinal vein occlusion were successfully treated using this novel treatment. At 24 weeks after surgery, 9 of 12 eyes had gained more than 15 letters in best-corrected visual acuity, and the mean decrease in central foveal thickness was 271.1 μm. Few complications were observed. The microneedle is stiff and sharp enough to facilitate retinal endovascular cannulation in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion. This new technique is a promising treatment of macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion.
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Decreased surface temperature of tarsal conjunctiva in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. JAMA Ophthalmol 2013; 131:818-9. [PMID: 23579390 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
Aims To evaluate objectively the meibomian gland area using newly developed software for non-invasive meibography. Methods Eighty eyelids of 42 patients without meibomian gland loss (meiboscore=0), 105 eyelids of 57 patients with loss of less than one-third total meibomian gland area (meiboscore=1), 13 eyelids of 11 patients with between one-third and two-thirds loss of meibomian gland area (meiboscore=2) and 20 eyelids of 14 patients with two-thirds loss of meibomian gland area (meiboscore=3) were studied. Lid borders were automatically determined. The software evaluated the distribution of the luminance and, by enhancing the contrast and reducing image noise, the meibomian gland area was automatically discriminated. The software calculated the ratio of the total meibomian gland area relative to the total analysis area in all subjects. Repeatability of the software was also evaluated. Results The mean ratio of the meibomian gland area to the total analysis area in the upper/lower eyelids was 51.9±5.7%/54.7±5.4% in subjects with a meiboscore of 0, 47.7±6.0%/51.5±5.4% in those with a meiboscore of 1, 32.0±4.4%/37.2±3.5% in those with a meiboscore of 2 and 16.7±6.4%/19.5±5.8% in subjects with a meiboscore of 3. Conclusions The meibomian gland area was objectively evaluated using the developed software. This system could be useful for objectively evaluating the effect of treatment on meibomian gland dysfunction.
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Angiopoietin-like protein 2 is a potent hemangiogenic and lymphangiogenic factor in corneal inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:4278-85. [PMID: 23702783 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined the plausible functional role of angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2) in inflammatory corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in vivo. METHODS Corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were induced by suturing 10-0 nylon 1 mm away from the limbal vessel in Angptl2 knockout and K14-Angptl2 transgenic mice. We analyzed Angptl2 and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) expressions in normal and vascularized corneas by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Corneal hemangiogenic and lymphangiogenic responses, and macrophage infiltration were assessed by immunofluorescent microscopic studies using specific antibodies against CD31, LYVE-1, and F4/80, and compared to their corresponding background. Subconjunctival injection of Angptl2 siRNA to the sutured corneas was also performed. RESULTS Angptl2 mRNA expression increased markedly in the neovascularized corneas compared to the normal cornea. Angptl2 protein was expressed strongly in the corneal epithelium and stroma of the vascularized cornea. The regions showing hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were increased significantly in K14-Angptl2 mice and reduced in Angptl2(-/-) mice compared to their corresponding background strains. In contrast to control mice, the number of F4/80-positive cells, as well as the expressions of F4/80 and IL-1β were found to be higher in K14-Angptl2 mice and lower in Angptl2(-/-) mice. Subconjunctival injection of Angptl2 siRNA significantly inhibited hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the sutured corneas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated Angptl2 to be upregulated in corneal inflammation, and highlight that corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis may be driven by Angptk2 overexpression via macrophage infiltration and IL-1β expression. Angptl2 may be a novel therapeutic target for preventing blindness.
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Meibomian gland morphology in Japanese infants, children, and adults observed using a mobile pen-shaped infrared meibography device. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 155:1099-1103.e1. [PMID: 23497846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare meibomian gland morphology between children and adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional, observational case series. METHODS In an institutional setting, healthy pediatric (n = 78, 30 boys, 48 girls; mean age ± standard deviation, 4.1 ± 3.4 years; range 1 month - 12 years) and adult (n = 25, 11 men, 14 women; 31.3 ± 4.8 years; range 24-39 years) volunteers participated in the study. A noninvasive mobile pen-shaped infrared meibography device was used to observe the meibomian glands. Lost meibomian gland area (meiboscore) was scored from grade 0 (no meibomian gland loss) through grade 3 (>two-thirds of the total area lost). The number of meibomian glands in each eyelid was counted by reviewing the video. Eyelid width was measured using a ruler. Meibomian gland density was calculated as the number of meibomian glands divided by the eyelid width. RESULTS The numbers of meibomian glands in the upper/lower eyelids were 26.9 ± 3.9 / 22.0 ± 2.2 in the pediatric group and 28.1 ± 2.7 / 24.4 ± 2.6 in the adult group (P = .22, P < .0001). Eyelid width was 24.4 ± 2.4 mm in the pediatric group and 27.9 ± 1.57 mm in the adult group (P < .0001). Meibomian gland densities in the upper/lower eyelids were 1.09 ± 0.17 / 0.91 ± 0.11 in the pediatric group and 1.01 ± 0.12 / 0.88 ± 0.10 in the adult group (P = .03, P = .45). CONCLUSIONS The mobile pen-shaped infrared meibography device is useful for obtaining information on the meibomian gland structure, not only in adults but also in children, including infants. The morphology of the meibomian glands in children was the same as that in adults, distributing across the whole tarsal plates in both the upper and lower eyelids.
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Abstract
Aims To evaluate the effect of topical diquafosol in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) using tear film parameters and quantitatively analyse the meibomian gland morphology. Subjects and Methods The subjects were 19 eyes of 10 patients diagnosed with obstructive MGD. All subjects were given 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution with instructions to use one drop four times a day. Ocular symptoms were scored from 0 to 14. Lid margin abnormalities were scored from 0 to 4. Changes in the meibomian glands were scored using non-contact meibography (meiboscore). Superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) was scored from 0 to 3. Meibum was graded from 0 to 3. Tear film production was evaluated by Schirmer's test. Quantitative image analysis of the meibomian glands was performed using the original software. Results 10 patients completed more than 4 months of therapy. Ocular symptoms, lid margin abnormalities, SPK score and meibum grade were decreased. Break-up time and tear film meniscus were increased. Mean ratio of the meibomian gland area was significantly increased after treatment (p<0.0001). Conclusions Quantitative image analysis was useful for evaluating the morphological changes of the meibomian glands. Topical diquafosol therapy was effective for patients with obstructive MGD.
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Corneal Thickness and Volume Measurements by Swept Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Normal Subjects. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:531-6. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.745878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Corneal endothelial regeneration and tissue engineering. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 35:1-17. [PMID: 23353595 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) have a limited proliferative capacity. Descemet stripping with automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) has become the preferred method for the treatment of corneal endothelial deficiency, but it requires a donor cornea. To overcome the shortage of donor corneas, transplantation of cultured HCEC sheets has been attempted in experimental studies. This review summarizes current knowledge about the mechanisms of corneal endothelial wound healing and about tissue engineering for the corneal endothelium. We also discuss recent work on tissue engineering for DSAEK grafts using cultured HCECs and HCEC precursor cell isolation method (the sphere-forming assay). DSAEK grafts (HCEC sheets) were constructed by seeding cultured HCECs on human amniotic membrane, thin human corneal stroma, and collagen sheets. The pump function of the HCEC sheets thus obtained was approximately 75%-95% of that for human donor corneas. HCEC sheets were transplanted onto rabbit corneas after DSAEK. While the untransplanted control group displayed severe stromal edema, the transplanted group had clear corneas throughout the observation period. The sphere-forming assay using donor human corneal endothelium or cultured HCECs can achieved mass production of human corneal endothelial precursors. These findings indicate that cultured HCECs transplanted after DSAEK can perform effective corneal dehydration in vivo and suggest the feasibility of employing the transplantation of cultured HCECs to treat endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, corneal endothelial precursors may be an effective strategy for corneal endothelial regeneration.
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