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Pramudikto DA, Nugroho S, Putra AD, Putra ISR, Setyawan S, Ariyanto T. Characteristics and Applications of Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Reject Water of PT Cirebon Electric Power as Voltaic Cell Electrolyte and Salt Raw Material. Eksergi 2022. [DOI: 10.31315/e.v19i2.5361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) reject water produced by PT Cirebon Electric Power has not been optimally utilized. In this research, a study of the characteristics of SWRO reject water was carried out to determine important properties such as turbidity, conductivity, pH and salinity. This characteristic is important as a basis for consideration of SWRO reject water applications. In addition, data were taken from a fairly long period of 5 years of SWRO operation (2016-2021) so that the consistency of the data can be known. The results showed that SWRO reject water had low turbidity (0.18±0.08 NTU), high conductivity of ca. 76.000 µS/cm, neutral pH and high salinity (4.6±0.3%). The study of the utilization of SWRO reject water was then carried out, namely as an electrolyte for salt water lamps and as raw material for making salt. The results showed that SWRO reject water can be used as an electrolyte for salt water lamps which produces a voltage potential up to 1.4 Volts (20% higher than seawater electrolyte). As a raw material for salt, the salt produced has excellent characteristics (eg 99% NaCl) and complies with SNI 3556:2016, except for the KIO3 content.
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Tantowijoyo W, Tanamas SK, Nurhayati I, Setyawan S, Budiwati N, Fitriana I, Ernesia I, Wardana DS, Supriyati E, Arguni E, Meitika Y, Prabowo E, Andari B, Green BR, Hodgson L, Rancès E, Ryan PA, O’Neill SL, Anders KL, Ansari MR, Indriani C, Ahmad RA, Utarini A, Simmons CP. Aedes aegypti abundance and insecticide resistance profiles in the Applying Wolbachia to Eliminate Dengue trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010284. [PMID: 35442957 PMCID: PMC9060332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Applying Wolbachia to Eliminate Dengue (AWED) trial was a parallel cluster randomised trial that demonstrated Wolbachia (wMel) introgression into Ae. aegypti populations reduced dengue incidence. In this predefined substudy, we compared between treatment arms, the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus before, during and after wMel-introgression. Between March 2015 and March 2020, 60,084 BG trap collections yielded 478,254 Ae. aegypti and 17,623 Ae. albopictus. Between treatment arms there was no measurable difference in Ae. aegypti relative abundance before or after wMel-deployments, with a count ratio of 0.96 (95% CI 0.76, 1.21) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.85, 1.17) respectively. More Ae. aegypti were caught per trap per week in the wMel-intervention arm compared to the control arm during wMel deployments (count ratio 1.23 (95% CI 1.03, 1.46)). Between treatment arms there was no measurable difference in the Ae. albopictus population size before, during or after wMel-deployment (overall count ratio 1.10 (95% CI 0.89, 1.35)). We also compared insecticide resistance phenotypes of Ae. aegypti in the first and second years after wMel-deployments. Ae. aegypti field populations from wMel-treated and untreated arms were similarly resistant to malathion (0.8%), permethrin (1.25%) and cyfluthrin (0.15%) in year 1 and year 2 of the trial. In summary, we found no between-arm differences in the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus prior to or after wMel introgression, and no between-arm difference in Ae. aegypti insecticide resistance phenotypes. These data suggest neither Aedes abundance, nor insecticide resistance, confounded the epidemiological outcomes of the AWED trial. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease and a major public health problem in the tropical and subtropical world. It is caused by any of the four dengue virus serotypes. In a previously published randomised clinical trial, called the AWED trial, we demonstrated that releases of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the insect bacterium Wolbachia can reduce the case incidence of dengue by 77%. In this current study, we compared the abundance of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the neighbourhoods where Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes were released versus the untreated neighbourhoods. This was important to do so that scientists could understand the mechanism for how Wolbachia releases reduced dengue incidence. Between March 2015 and March 2020, we did not observe any differences in Ae. aegypti abundance before or after Wolbachia-deployments in the AWED trial area. There was also no difference in the abundance of the related mosquito, Ae. albopictus, before, during or after wMel-deployment. We also compared insecticide resistance characteristics amongst Ae. aegypti in the first and second years after Wolbachia -deployments and found no difference between mosquitoes from Wolbachia-treated and untreated neighbourhoods. These data suggest neither Aedes abundance, nor insecticide resistance, were confounding sources to the epidemiological outcomes of the AWED trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warsito Tantowijoyo
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stephanie K. Tanamas
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Indah Nurhayati
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sigit Setyawan
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nida Budiwati
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Iva Fitriana
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Inggrid Ernesia
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Satria Wardana
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endah Supriyati
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eggi Arguni
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yeti Meitika
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Equatori Prabowo
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bekti Andari
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Benjamin R. Green
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Edwige Rancès
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter A. Ryan
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Scott L. O’Neill
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Katherine L. Anders
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - M. Ridwan Ansari
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Citra Indriani
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riris Andono Ahmad
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adi Utarini
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Cameron P. Simmons
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
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Rachma DF, Prakosa T, Setyawan S, Laqif A. Analysis of the COVID-19 Severity Based on NLR and the Mortality Rate of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. INDONES J MED 2022. [DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Indriani C, Tantowijoyo W, Rancès E, Andari B, Prabowo E, Yusdi D, Ansari MR, Wardana DS, Supriyati E, Nurhayati I, Ernesia I, Setyawan S, Fitriana I, Arguni E, Amelia Y, Ahmad RA, Jewell NP, Dufault SM, Ryan PA, Green BR, McAdam TF, O'Neill SL, Tanamas SK, Simmons CP, Anders KL, Utarini A. Reduced dengue incidence following deployments of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a quasi-experimental trial using controlled interrupted time series analysis. Gates Open Res 2020; 4:50. [PMID: 32803130 PMCID: PMC7403856 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13122.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ae. aegypti mosquitoes stably transfected with the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis ( wMel strain) have been deployed for biocontrol of dengue and related arboviral diseases in multiple countries. Field releases in northern Australia have previously demonstrated near elimination of local dengue transmission from Wolbachia-treated communities, and pilot studies in Indonesia have demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the method. We conducted a quasi-experimental trial to evaluate the impact of scaled Wolbachia releases on dengue incidence in an endemic setting in Indonesia. Methods: In Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, following extensive community engagement, wMel Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes were released every two weeks for 13-15 rounds over seven months in 2016-17, in a contiguous 5 km 2 area (population 65,000). A 3 km 2 area (population 34,000) on the opposite side of the city was selected a priori as an untreated control area. Passive surveillance data on notified hospitalised dengue patients was used to evaluate the epidemiological impact of Wolbachia deployments, using controlled interrupted time-series analysis. Results: Rapid and sustained introgression of wMel Wolbachia into local Ae. aegypti populations was achieved. Thirty-four dengue cases were notified from the intervention area and 53 from the control area (incidence 26 vs 79 per 100,000 person-years) during 24 months following Wolbachia deployment. This corresponded in the regression model to a 73% reduction in dengue incidence (95% confidence interval 49%,86%) associated with the Wolbachia intervention. Exploratory analysis including 6 months additional post-intervention observations showed a small strengthening of this effect (30 vs 115 per 100,000 person-years; 76% reduction in incidence, 95%CI 60%,86%). Conclusions: We demonstrate a significant reduction in dengue incidence following successful introgression of Wolbachia into local Ae. aegypti populations in an endemic setting in Indonesia. These findings are consistent with previous field trials in northern Australia, and support the effectiveness of this novel approach for dengue control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Indriani
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Warsito Tantowijoyo
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Edwige Rancès
- Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bekti Andari
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Equatori Prabowo
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dedik Yusdi
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ridwan Ansari
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Satria Wardana
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endah Supriyati
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah Nurhayati
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Inggrid Ernesia
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sigit Setyawan
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Iva Fitriana
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eggi Arguni
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Riris Andono Ahmad
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nicholas P. Jewell
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Suzanne M. Dufault
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Peter A. Ryan
- Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin R. Green
- Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas F. McAdam
- Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott L. O'Neill
- Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Cameron P. Simmons
- Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Adi Utarini
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Rahayu A, Saraswati U, Supriyati E, Kumalawati DA, Hermantara R, Rovik A, Daniwijaya EW, Fitriana I, Setyawan S, Ahmad RA, Wardana DS, Indriani C, Utarini A, Tantowijoyo W, Arguni E. Prevalence and Distribution of Dengue Virus in Aedes aegypti in Yogyakarta City before Deployment of Wolbachia Infected Aedes aegypti. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16101742. [PMID: 31100967 PMCID: PMC6571630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indonesia is one of the countries where dengue infection is prevalent. In this study we measure the prevalence and distribution of dengue virus (DENV) DENV-infected Aedes aegypti in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, during the wet season when high dengue transmission period occurred, as baseline data before implementation of a Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti trial for dengue control. We applied One-Step Multiplex Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) for the type-specific-detection of dengue viruses in field-caught adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. In a prospective field study conducted from December 2015 to May 2016, adult female Aedes aegypti were caught from selected areas in Yogyakarta City, and then screened by using RT-PCR. During the survey period, 36 (0.12%) mosquitoes from amongst 29,252 female mosquitoes were positive for a DENV type. In total, 22.20% of dengue-positive mosquitoes were DENV-1, 25% were DENV-2, 17% were DENV-3, but none were positive for DENV-4. This study has provided dengue virus infection prevalence in field-caught Aedes aegypti and its circulating serotype in Yogyakarta City before deployment of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Rahayu
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Utari Saraswati
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Endah Supriyati
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Dian Aruni Kumalawati
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Rio Hermantara
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Anwar Rovik
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Edwin Widyanto Daniwijaya
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Iva Fitriana
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Sigit Setyawan
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Riris Andono Ahmad
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Dwi Satria Wardana
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Citra Indriani
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Adi Utarini
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Warsito Tantowijoyo
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Eggi Arguni
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
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Mangunkusumo R, Taufik E, Setyawan S. Relative frequency of cancer in the female genital tract in Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1985; 16:651-5. [PMID: 3835711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In a 10-year period (1970-1979) 6,111 cancer cases in males and 7,646 cases (55.3%) in females were registered. The female genital tract cancers occurred in 23.8% of all malignancies in the female. The relative frequency of the gynecological tumors was: cervix 60.3%, ovarium 25.5%, corpus uteri 6.9%, chorioca 5.1% and vulva/vagina 2.2%. A comparison is made with former reports and with other places in Indonesia.
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