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Branche A, Rouphael N, Diemert D, Falsey A, Losada C, Baden LR, Frey S, Whitaker J, Little S, Anderson E, Walter E, Novak R, Rupp R, Jackson L, Babu T, Kottkamp A, Luetkemeyer A, Immergluck L, Presti R, Backer M, Winokur P, Mahgoub S, Goepfert P, Fusco D, Malkin E, Bethony J, Walsh E, Graciaa D, Samaha H, Sherman A, Walsh S, Abate G, Oikonomopoulou Z, El Sahly H, Martin T, Kamidani S, Smith M, Ladner B, Porterfield L, Dunstan M, Wald A, Davis T, Atmar R, Mulligan M, Lyke K, Posavad C, Meagher M, Stephens D, Neuzil K, Abebe K, Hill H, Albert J, Telu K, Mu J, Lewis T, Giebeig L, Eaton A, Netzl A, Wilks S, Tureli S, Makhene M, Crandon S, Montefiori D, Makowski M, Smith D, Nayak S, Roberts P, Beigel J. Bivalent and Monovalent SARS-CoV-2 Variant Vaccine Boosters Improve coverage of the known Antigenic Landscape: Results of the COVID-19 Variant Immunologic Landscape (COVAIL) Trial. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2653179. [PMID: 37205592 PMCID: PMC10187423 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2653179/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine protection against COVID-19 wanes over time and has been impacted by the emergence of new variants with increasing escape of neutralization. The COVID-19 Variant Immunologic Landscape (COVAIL) randomized clinical trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT05289037) compares the breadth, magnitude and durability of antibody responses induced by a second COVID-19 vaccine boost with mRNA (Moderna mRNA-1273 and Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2), or adjuvanted recombinant protein (Sanofi CoV2 preS DTM-AS03) monovalent or bivalent vaccine candidates targeting ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens (Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1). We found that boosting with a variant strain is not associated with loss in neutralization against the ancestral strain. However, while variant vaccines compared to the prototype/wildtype vaccines demonstrated higher neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.1 and BA.4/5 subvariants for up to 3 months after vaccination, neutralizing activity was lower for more recent Omicron subvariants. Our study, incorporating both antigenic distances and serologic landscapes, can provide a framework for objectively guiding decisions for future vaccine updates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Little
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92903
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Graciaa
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Satoshi Kamidani
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kirsten Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Christine Posavad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Teri Lewis
- 29. Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
| | - Lisa Giebeig
- 29. Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
| | | | | | - Sam Wilks
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge
| | | | - Mamodikoe Makhene
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Sonja Crandon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH
| | | | | | | | - Seema Nayak
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH
| | - Paul Roberts
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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