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Grandclément C, Estoppey C, Dheilly E, Panagopoulou M, Monney T, Dreyfus C, Loyau J, Labanca V, Drake A, De Angelis S, Rubod A, Frei J, Caro LN, Blein S, Martini E, Chimen M, Matthes T, Kaya Z, Edwards CM, Edwards JR, Menoret E, Kervoelen C, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Moreau P, Mbow ML, Srivastava A, Dyson MR, Zhukovsky EA, Perro M, Sammicheli S. Development of ISB 1442, a CD38 and CD47 bispecific biparatopic antibody innate cell modulator for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2054. [PMID: 38448430 PMCID: PMC10917784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody engineering can tailor the design and activities of therapeutic antibodies for better efficiency or other advantageous clinical properties. Here we report the development of ISB 1442, a fully human bispecific antibody designed to re-establish synthetic immunity in CD38+ hematological malignancies. ISB 1442 consists of two anti-CD38 arms targeting two distinct epitopes that preferentially drive binding to tumor cells and enable avidity-induced blocking of proximal CD47 receptors on the same cell while preventing on-target off-tumor binding on healthy cells. The Fc portion of ISB 1442 is engineered to enhance complement dependent cytotoxicity, antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cell phagocytosis. ISB 1442 thus represents a CD47-BsAb combining biparatopic targeting of a tumor associated antigen with engineered enhancement of antibody effector function to overcome potential resistance mechanisms that hamper treatment of myeloma with monospecific anti-CD38 antibodies. ISB 1442 is currently in a Phase I clinical trial in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Estoppey
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - E Dheilly
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | | | - T Monney
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - C Dreyfus
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - J Loyau
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - V Labanca
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - A Drake
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - S De Angelis
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - A Rubod
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - J Frei
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - L N Caro
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - S Blein
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - E Martini
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - M Chimen
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - T Matthes
- Haematology Service, Department of Oncology and Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Diagnostics, University Hospital Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Z Kaya
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C M Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J R Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Menoret
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - C Kervoelen
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - C Pellat-Deceunynck
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - P Moreau
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU, Nantes, France
| | - M L Mbow
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - A Srivastava
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - M R Dyson
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - E A Zhukovsky
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - M Perro
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland.
| | - S Sammicheli
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland.
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Sammicheli S, Grandclement C, Dheilly E, Panagopoulou M, Martini E, Suere P, Pouleau B, Estoppey C, Frei J, Loyau J, Monney T, Drake A, Rubod A, Doucey MA, Menon V, Udupa V, GN S, Rasmussen D, Olsen JK, Gionannini R, Gudi G, Srivastava A, Konto C, Perro M. Abstract 2903: ISB 1442, a first-in-class CD38 and CD47 bispecific antibody innate cell modulator for the treatment of CD38+ malignancies. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ISB 1442 is a fully human bispecific antibody (BsAb) using BEAT (Bispecific Engagement by Antibodies based on the T-cell receptor) platform to target CD38 and CD47 as treatment for CD38+ malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). ISB 1442 is designed with a bi-paratopic anti-CD38 arm that strongly binds to CD38+ tumor cells and an anti-CD47 arm made of a single Fab designed to block interaction between CD47 and the signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) with low affinity. This approach is expected to induce minimal unintended effects on red blood cells (RBC) compared to anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody (mAb) magrolimab as it enables the CD47 binding only upon avidity induced CD38 crosslinking. The Fc portion of ISB 1442 is engineered to enhance antibody dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In vitro, ISB 1442 exhibited higher killing potency compared to daratumumab across a range of CD38-expressing tumor cells. Additionally, ISB 1442 showed in vitro tumor killing potency through phagocytosis comparable to magrolimab, acting mostly through ADCP. To assess the complex mechanisms of action of ISB 1442 in a single system, a multiple mode of action of killing (MMoAK) assay was established to allow for simultaneous killing by natural killer cells, autologous macrophages, as well as complement from human serum. In the MMoAK assay, ISB 1442 exhibited tumor cell killing that was twice as high as daratumumab. In vivo, in a therapeutic model of subcutaneously established Raji tumor xenograft in CB17/SCID mice, ISB 1442 induced higher tumor growth inhibition than daratumumab and comparable tumor regression to magrolimab. On-target specificity was evaluated in vitro in human and monkey whole blood assays. ISB 1442 did not cause any detectable hemolysis, RBC depletion or platelet aggregation and showed markedly lower RBC hemagglutination relative to magrolimab, suggesting a more favorable on-target specificity profile in humans. On the contrary, due to the higher expression of CD38 in monkey RBC compared to human, ISB 1442 showed more pronounced binding on RBC than magrolimab, suggesting that monkey is a more sensitive species than human for toxicological evaluation of CD38-targeted therapies. Finally, by integrating in vitro pharmacology data along with available clinical information on benchmark antibodies, a quantitative systems pharmacology model was developed to simulate potential efficacious dose range in MM. In summary, we report a novel approach for the treatment for CD38+ cancers by co-targeting CD38 and CD47. Based on its unique design and multiple mechanisms of action, ISB 1442 is anticipated to enhance antitumor activity by overcoming known primary and acquired tumor escape mechanisms of resistance relative to daratumumab.
Citation Format: Stefano Sammicheli, Camille Grandclement, Elie Dheilly, Maria Panagopoulou, Evangelia Martini, Perrine Suere, Blandine Pouleau, Carole Estoppey, Julia Frei, Jeremy Loyau, Thierry Monney, Adam Drake, Alain Rubod, Marie Agnes Doucey, Vinu Menon, Venkatesha Udupa, Sunitha GN, Daniel Rasmussen, Jeppe Koch Olsen, Roberto Gionannini, Girish Gudi, Ankita Srivastava, Cyril Konto, Mario Perro. ISB 1442, a first-in-class CD38 and CD47 bispecific antibody innate cell modulator for the treatment of CD38+ malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2903.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vinu Menon
- 2Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sunitha GN
- 2Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Mumbai, India
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Giampazolias E, Schulz O, Lim KHJ, Rogers NC, Chakravarty P, Srinivasan N, Gordon O, Cardoso A, Buck MD, Poirier EZ, Canton J, Zelenay S, Sammicheli S, Moncaut N, Varsani-Brown S, Rosewell I, Reis e Sousa C. Secreted gelsolin inhibits DNGR-1-dependent cross-presentation and cancer immunity. Cell 2021; 184:4016-4031.e22. [PMID: 34081922 PMCID: PMC8320529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cross-presentation of antigens from dead tumor cells by type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) is thought to underlie priming of anti-cancer CD8+ T cells. cDC1 express high levels of DNGR-1 (a.k.a. CLEC9A), a receptor that binds to F-actin exposed by dead cell debris and promotes cross-presentation of associated antigens. Here, we show that secreted gelsolin (sGSN), an extracellular protein, decreases DNGR-1 binding to F-actin and cross-presentation of dead cell-associated antigens by cDC1s. Mice deficient in sGsn display increased DNGR-1-dependent resistance to transplantable tumors, especially ones expressing neoantigens associated with the actin cytoskeleton, and exhibit greater responsiveness to cancer immunotherapy. In human cancers, lower levels of intratumoral sGSN transcripts, as well as presence of mutations in proteins associated with the actin cytoskeleton, are associated with signatures of anti-cancer immunity and increased patient survival. Our results reveal a natural barrier to cross-presentation of cancer antigens that dampens anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Giampazolias
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Oliver Schulz
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kok Haw Jonathan Lim
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Neil C Rogers
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Naren Srinivasan
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Oliver Gordon
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ana Cardoso
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael D Buck
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Enzo Z Poirier
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Johnathan Canton
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Santiago Zelenay
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stefano Sammicheli
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Natalia Moncaut
- Genetic Modification Services, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sunita Varsani-Brown
- Genetic Modification Services, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ian Rosewell
- Genetic Modification Services, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Caetano Reis e Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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Mayoux M, Roller A, Pulko V, Sammicheli S, Chen S, Sum E, Jost C, Fransen MF, Buser RB, Kowanetz M, Rommel K, Matos I, Colombetti S, Belousov A, Karanikas V, Ossendorp F, Hegde PS, Chen DS, Umana P, Perro M, Klein C, Xu W. Dendritic cells dictate responses to PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/534/eaav7431. [PMID: 32161104 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav7431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PD-L1/PD-1 blocking antibodies have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy across a range of human cancers. Extending this benefit to a greater number of patients, however, will require a better understanding of how these therapies instigate anticancer immunity. Although the PD-L1/PD-1 axis is typically associated with T cell function, we demonstrate here that dendritic cells (DCs) are an important target of PD-L1 blocking antibody. PD-L1 binds two receptors, PD-1 and B7.1 (CD80). PD-L1 is expressed much more abundantly than B7.1 on peripheral and tumor-associated DCs in patients with cancer. Blocking PD-L1 on DCs relieves B7.1 sequestration in cis by PD-L1, which allows the B7.1/CD28 interaction to enhance T cell priming. In line with this, in patients with renal cell carcinoma or non-small cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumab (PD-L1 blockade), a DC gene signature is strongly associated with improved overall survival. These data suggest that PD-L1 blockade reinvigorates DC function to generate potent anticancer T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Mayoux
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Roller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomarkers, Bioinformatics and Omics & Pathology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Vesna Pulko
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Sammicheli
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Stanford Chen
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Eva Sum
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jost
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Bloodtransfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, Netherlands
| | - Regula B Buser
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Kowanetz
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Karolin Rommel
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Ines Matos
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Sara Colombetti
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Anton Belousov
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomarkers, Bioinformatics and Omics, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Vaios Karanikas
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Bloodtransfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, Netherlands
| | - Priti S Hegde
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daniel S Chen
- Product Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Pablo Umana
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Mario Perro
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Wei Xu
- Cancer Immunotherapy Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.
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Cremasco F, Menietti E, Speziale D, Sam J, Sammicheli S, Richard M, Varol A, Klein C, Umana P, Bacac M, Colombetti S, Perro M. Cross-linking of T cell to B cell lymphoma by the T cell bispecific antibody CD20-TCB induces IFNγ/CXCL10-dependent peripheral T cell recruitment in humanized murine model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241091. [PMID: 33406104 PMCID: PMC7787458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are a highly heterogeneous subtype of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), accounting for about 25% of NHL. Despite an increased progression-free survival upon therapy, 40-50% of patients develop relapse/refractory disease, therefore there remains an important medical need. T cell recruiting therapies, such as the CD20xCD3 T cell bi-specific antibody CD20-TCB (RG6026 or glofitamab), represent a novel approach to target all stages of DLBCL, especially those that fail to respond to multiple lines of treatment. We aimed for a better understanding of the molecular features related to the mode of action (MoA) of CD20-TCB in inducing Target/T cell synapse formation and human T cell recruitment to the tumor. To directly evaluate the correlation between synapse, cytokine production and anti-tumor efficacy using CD20-TCB, we developed an innovative preclinical human DLBCL in vivo model that allowed tracking in vivo human T cell dynamics by multiphoton intravital microscopy (MP-IVM). By ex vivo and in vivo approaches, we revealed that CD20-TCB is inducing strong and stable synapses between human T cell and tumor cells, which are dependent on the dose of CD20-TCB and on LFA-1 activity but not on FAS-L. Moreover, despite CD20-TCB being a large molecule (194.342 kDa), we observed that intra-tumor CD20-TCB-mediated human T cell-tumor cell synapses occur within 1 hour upon CD20-TCB administration. These tight interactions, observed for at least 72 hours post TCB administration, result in tumor cell cytotoxicity, resident T cell proliferation and peripheral blood T cell recruitment into tumor. By blocking the IFNγ-CXCL10 axis, the recruitment of peripheral T cells was abrogated, partially affecting the efficacy of CD20-TCB treatment which rely only on resident T cell proliferation. Altogether these data reveal that CD20-TCB's anti-tumor activity relies on a triple effect: i) fast formation of stable T cell-tumor cell synapses which induce tumor cytotoxicity and cytokine production, ii) resident T cell proliferation and iii) recruitment of fresh peripheral T cells to the tumor core to allow a positive enhancement of the anti-tumor effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CXCL10/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Johannes Sam
- Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ahmet Varol
- Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mario Perro
- Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Vo HTM, Baudner BC, Sammicheli S, Iannacone M, D'Oro U, Piccioli D. Alum/Toll-Like Receptor 7 Adjuvant Enhances the Expansion of Memory B Cell Compartment Within the Draining Lymph Node. Front Immunol 2018; 9:641. [PMID: 29686670 PMCID: PMC5900039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective health interventions and, with the exception of water sanitization, no other action has had such a major effect in mortality reduction. Combined with other approaches, such as clean water, better hygiene, and health education, vaccination contributed to prevent millions of cases of deaths among children under 5 years of age. New or improved vaccines are needed to fight some vaccine-preventable diseases that are still a threat for the public health globally, as reported also in the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2012. Adjuvants are substances that enhance the effectiveness of vaccination, but despite their critical role for the development of novel vaccines, very few of them are approved for use in humans. Aluminum hydroxide (Alum) is the most common adjuvant used in vaccines administered in millions of doses around the world to prevent several dangerous diseases. The development of an improved version of Alum can help to design and produce new or better vaccines. Alum/toll-like receptor (TLR)7 is a novel Alum-based adjuvant, currently in phase I clinical development, formed by the attachment of a benzonaphthyridine compound, TLR7 agonist, to Alum. In preclinical studies, Alum/TLR7 showed a superior adjuvant capacity, compared to Alum, in several disease models, such as meningococcal meningitis, anthrax, staphylococcus infections. None of these studies reported the effect of Alum/TLR7 on the generation of the B cell memory compartment, despite this is a critical aspect to achieve a better immunization. In this study, we show, for the first time, that, compared to Alum, Alum/TLR7 enhances the expansion of the memory B cell compartment within the draining lymph node (LN) as result of intranodal sustained proliferation of antigen-engaged B cells and/or accumulation of memory B cells. In addition, we observed that Alum/TLR7 induces a recruitment of naïve antigen-specific B cells within the draining LN that may help to sustain the germinal center reaction. Our data further support Alum/TLR7 as a new promising adjuvant, which might contribute to meet the expectations of the GVAP for 2020 and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Sammicheli
- Dynamics of Immune Responses, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Dynamics of Immune Responses, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Ugo D'Oro
- Preclinical Research, GSK Vaccines, Siena, Italy
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7
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Böttcher JP, Bonavita E, Chakravarty P, Blees H, Cabeza-Cabrerizo M, Sammicheli S, Rogers NC, Sahai E, Zelenay S, Reis e Sousa C. NK Cells Stimulate Recruitment of cDC1 into the Tumor Microenvironment Promoting Cancer Immune Control. Cell 2018; 172:1022-1037.e14. [PMID: 29429633 PMCID: PMC5847168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1085] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) are critical for antitumor immunity, and their abundance within tumors is associated with immune-mediated rejection and the success of immunotherapy. Here, we show that cDC1 accumulation in mouse tumors often depends on natural killer (NK) cells that produce the cDC1 chemoattractants CCL5 and XCL1. Similarly, in human cancers, intratumoral CCL5, XCL1, and XCL2 transcripts closely correlate with gene signatures of both NK cells and cDC1 and are associated with increased overall patient survival. Notably, tumor production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) leads to evasion of the NK cell-cDC1 axis in part by impairing NK cell viability and chemokine production, as well as by causing downregulation of chemokine receptor expression in cDC1. Our findings reveal a cellular and molecular checkpoint for intratumoral cDC1 recruitment that is targeted by tumor-derived PGE2 for immune evasion and that could be exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Böttcher
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Eduardo Bonavita
- Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hanna Blees
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mar Cabeza-Cabrerizo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stefano Sammicheli
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Neil C Rogers
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Erik Sahai
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Santiago Zelenay
- Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Caetano Reis e Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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8
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Kuka M, Sammicheli S, Di Lucia P, De Oya NJ, De Giovanni M, Fioravanti J, Cristofani C, Maganuco CG, Fallet B, Ganzer L, Sironi L, Mainetti M, Ostuni R, Larimore K, Greenberg PD, de la Torre JC, Guidotti LG, Iannacone M. Inflammatory monocytes hinder antiviral B cell responses. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.122.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibodies are critical for protection against viral infections. However, several viruses, such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), avoid the induction of early protective antibody responses by poorly understood mechanisms. We analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of B cell activation to show that, upon subcutaneous infection, LCMV-specific B cells readily relocate to the interfollicular and T cell areas of draining lymph nodes, where they extensively interact with CD11b+Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes. These myeloid cells were recruited to lymph nodes draining LCMV infection sites in a type I interferon– and CCR2-dependent fashion, and they suppressed antiviral B cell responses by virtue of their ability to produce nitric oxide. Depletion of inflammatory monocytes, inhibition of their lymph node recruitment, or impairment of their nitric oxide–producing ability enhanced LCMV-specific B cell survival and led to robust neutralizing antibody production. Our results identify inflammatory monocytes as critical gatekeepers that restrain antiviral B cell responses and suggest that certain viruses take advantage of these cells to prolong their persistence within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Kuka
- 1Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy
- 2San Raffaele Scientific Inst., Italy
| | - Stefano Sammicheli
- 1Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy
- 2San Raffaele Scientific Inst., Italy
| | | | | | - Marco De Giovanni
- 1Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy
- 2San Raffaele Scientific Inst., Italy
| | | | - Claudia Cristofani
- 1Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy
- 2San Raffaele Scientific Inst., Italy
| | - Carmela G. Maganuco
- 1Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy
- 2San Raffaele Scientific Inst., Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matteo Iannacone
- 1Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy
- 2San Raffaele Scientific Inst., Italy
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9
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Guidotti LG, Inverso D, Sironi L, Di Lucia P, Fioravanti J, Ganzer L, Fiocchi A, Vacca M, Aiolfi R, Sammicheli S, Mainetti M, Cataudella T, Raimondi A, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G, Protzer U, Ruggeri ZM, Chisari FV, Isogawa M, Sitia G, Iannacone M. Immunosurveillance of the liver by intravascular effector CD8(+) T cells. Cell 2015. [PMID: 25892224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.005.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effector CD8(+) T cells (CD8 TE) play a key role during hepatotropic viral infections. Here, we used advanced imaging in mouse models of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pathogenesis to understand the mechanisms whereby these cells home to the liver, recognize antigens, and deploy effector functions. We show that circulating CD8 TE arrest within liver sinusoids by docking onto platelets previously adhered to sinusoidal hyaluronan via CD44. After the initial arrest, CD8 TE actively crawl along liver sinusoids and probe sub-sinusoidal hepatocytes for the presence of antigens by extending cytoplasmic protrusions through endothelial fenestrae. Hepatocellular antigen recognition triggers effector functions in a diapedesis-independent manner and is inhibited by the processes of sinusoidal defenestration and capillarization that characterize liver fibrosis. These findings reveal the dynamic behavior whereby CD8 TE control hepatotropic pathogens and suggest how liver fibrosis might reduce CD8 TE immune surveillance toward infected or transformed hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sironi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Fioravanti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Amleto Fiocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vacca
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Aiolfi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Sammicheli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Mainetti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cataudella
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Zaverio M Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Francis V Chisari
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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10
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Guidotti LG, Inverso D, Sironi L, Di Lucia P, Fioravanti J, Ganzer L, Fiocchi A, Vacca M, Aiolfi R, Sammicheli S, Mainetti M, Cataudella T, Raimondi A, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G, Protzer U, Ruggeri ZM, Chisari FV, Isogawa M, Sitia G, Iannacone M. Immunosurveillance of the liver by intravascular effector CD8(+) T cells. Cell 2015; 161:486-500. [PMID: 25892224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effector CD8(+) T cells (CD8 TE) play a key role during hepatotropic viral infections. Here, we used advanced imaging in mouse models of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pathogenesis to understand the mechanisms whereby these cells home to the liver, recognize antigens, and deploy effector functions. We show that circulating CD8 TE arrest within liver sinusoids by docking onto platelets previously adhered to sinusoidal hyaluronan via CD44. After the initial arrest, CD8 TE actively crawl along liver sinusoids and probe sub-sinusoidal hepatocytes for the presence of antigens by extending cytoplasmic protrusions through endothelial fenestrae. Hepatocellular antigen recognition triggers effector functions in a diapedesis-independent manner and is inhibited by the processes of sinusoidal defenestration and capillarization that characterize liver fibrosis. These findings reveal the dynamic behavior whereby CD8 TE control hepatotropic pathogens and suggest how liver fibrosis might reduce CD8 TE immune surveillance toward infected or transformed hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sironi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Fioravanti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Amleto Fiocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vacca
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Aiolfi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Sammicheli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Mainetti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cataudella
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Zaverio M Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Francis V Chisari
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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11
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Tonti E, Jiménez de Oya N, Galliverti G, Moseman EA, Di Lucia P, Amabile A, Sammicheli S, De Giovanni M, Sironi L, Chevrier N, Sitia G, Gennari L, Guidotti LG, von Andrian UH, Iannacone M. Bisphosphonates target B cells to enhance humoral immune responses. Cell Rep 2013; 5:323-30. [PMID: 24120862 PMCID: PMC3838640 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that are widely used to inhibit loss of bone mass in patients. We show here that the administration of clinically relevant doses of bisphosphonates in mice increases antibody responses to live and inactive viruses, proteins, haptens, and existing commercial vaccine formulations. Bisphosphonates exert this adjuvant-like activity in the absence of CD4(+) and γδ T cells, neutrophils, or dendritic cells, and their effect does not rely on local macrophage depletion, Toll-like receptor signaling, or the inflammasome. Rather, bisphosphonates target directly B cells and enhance B cell expansion and antibody production upon antigen encounter. These data establish bisphosphonates as an additional class of adjuvants that boost humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tonti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nereida Jiménez de Oya
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Galliverti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - E. Ashley Moseman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Amabile
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Sammicheli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco De Giovanni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sironi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Chevrier
- Harvard University, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca G. Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
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12
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Cagigi A, Pensieroso S, Ruffin N, Sammicheli S, Thorstensson R, Pan-Hammarström Q, Hejdeman B, Nilsson A, Chiodi F. Relation of activation-induced deaminase (AID) expression with antibody response to A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination in HIV-1 infected patients. Vaccine 2013; 31:2231-7. [PMID: 23499520 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of CD4+T-cells, viral load and age in the immunological response to influenza infection and vaccination in HIV-1 infected individuals has previously been pointed out. Our study aimed at assessing, in the setting of 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza vaccination, whether quantification of activation-induced deaminase (AID) expression in blood B-cells may provide additional indications for predicting antibody response to vaccination in HIV-1 infected patients with similar CD4+T-cell counts and age. Forty-seven healthy controls, 37 ART-treated and 17 treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected patients were enrolled in the study. Blood was collected prior to A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination and at 1, 3 and 6 months after vaccination. Antibody titers to A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay while the mRNA expression levels of AID were measured by quantitative real time PCR. Upon B-cell activation in vitro, AID increase correlated to antibody response to the A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine at 1 month after vaccination in all individuals. In addition, the maximum expression levels of AID were significantly higher in those individuals who still carried protective levels of A(H1N1)pdm09 antibodies after 6 months from vaccination. No correlation was found between CD4+T-cell counts or age at vaccination or HIV-1 viral load and levels of A(H1N1)pdm09 antibodies. Assessing AID expression before vaccination may be an additional useful tool for defining a vaccination strategy in immune-compromised individuals at risk of immunization failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cagigi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Ruffin N, Lantto R, Pensieroso S, Sammicheli S, Hejdeman B, Rethi B, Chiodi F. Immune activation and increased IL-21R expression are associated with the loss of memory B cells during HIV-1 infection. J Intern Med 2012; 272:492-503. [PMID: 22530560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microbial translocation and chronic immune activation were previously shown to be associated with impairment of T cell functions and disease progression during infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1); however, their impact on B cell function and number remains unknown. By measuring markers of immune activation and molecules involved in apoptosis regulation, we have evaluated the association between microbial translocation and loss of memory B cells in HIV-1-infected patients. METHODS Markers of activation [the interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) and CD38] and apoptosis (Bim, Bcl-2 and annexin V) were measured in B cell subpopulations by multicolour flow cytometry. Levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), measures of microbial translocation, were determined in plasma. Purified B cells were also exposed in vitro to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. RESULTS IL-21R expression was higher in cells from HIV-1-infected patients, compared with control subjects, with the highest levels in nontreated patients. An inverse correlation was observed between IL-21R expression and percentages of circulating resting memory (RM) B cells. IL-21R-positive memory B cells were also more susceptible to spontaneous apoptosis and displayed lower levels of Bcl-2. It is interesting that the levels of sCD14, which are increased during HIV-1 infection, were correlated with decreased percentages of RM B cells and high IL-21R expression. In the plasma of HIV-1-infected individuals, a correlation was found between sCD14 and LPS levels. TLR activation of B cells in vitro resulted in IL-21R up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Microbial translocation and the associated immune activation during HIV-1 infection may lead to high expression levels of the IL-21R activation marker in RM B cells, a feature associated with increased apoptosis and a reduced number of these cells in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ruffin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Venhälsan, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Sammicheli S, Ruffin N, Lantto R, Vivar N, Chiodi F, Rethi B. IL-7 modulates B cells survival and activation by inducing BAFF and CD70 expression in T cells. J Autoimmun 2012; 38:304-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Sammicheli S, Dang Vu Phuong L, Ruffin N, Pham Hong T, Lantto R, Vivar N, Chiodi F, Rethi B. IL-7 promotes CD95-induced apoptosis in B cells via the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28629. [PMID: 22194871 PMCID: PMC3237470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) concentrations are increased in the blood of CD4+ T cell depleted individuals, including HIV-1 infected patients. High IL-7 levels might stimulate T cell activation and, as we have shown earlier, IL-7 can prime resting T cell to CD95 induced apoptosis as well. HIV-1 infection leads to B cell abnormalities including increased apoptosis via the CD95 (Fas) death receptor pathway and loss of memory B cells. Peripheral B cells are not sensitive for IL-7, due to the lack of IL-7Ra expression on their surface; however, here we demonstrate that high IL-7 concentration can prime resting B cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis via an indirect mechanism. T cells cultured with IL-7 induced high CD95 expression on resting B cells together with an increased sensitivity to CD95 mediated apoptosis. As the mediator molecule responsible for B cell priming to CD95 mediated apoptosis we identified the cytokine IFN-γ that T cells secreted in high amounts in response to IL-7. These results suggest that the lymphopenia induced cytokine IL-7 can contribute to the increased B cell apoptosis observed in HIV-1 infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sammicheli
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linh Dang Vu Phuong
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Ruffin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thang Pham Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Lantto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy Vivar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Vivar N, Ruffin N, Sammicheli S, Hejdeman B, Rethi B, Chiodi F. Survival and Proliferation of CD28- T Cells During HIV-1 Infection Relate to the Amplitude of Viral Replication. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:1658-67. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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17
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Titanji K, Sammicheli S, De Milito A, Mantegani P, Fortis C, Berg L, Kärre K, Travi G, Tassandin C, Lopalco L, Rethi B, Tambussi G, Chiodi F. Altered distribution of natural killer cell subsets identified by CD56, CD27 and CD70 in primary and chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. Immunology 2007; 123:164-70. [PMID: 17627773 PMCID: PMC2433301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) (CD3- CD56+) cells can be divided into two functionally distinct subsets, CD3- CD56(dim) and CD3- CD56(bright). We analysed the distribution of NK cell subsets in primary and chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection, to determine if HIV infection stage may influence the subset distribution. In primary infection, contrary to chronic infection, the CD3- CD56(dim) subset was expanded compared to healthy controls. We also studied the effect of antiretroviral therapy administered early in infection and found that NK cell subset distribution was partially restored after 6 months of antiretroviral therapy in primary infection, but not normalized. Recently, NK cells have been divided into CD27- and CD27+ subsets with different migratory and functional capacity and CD27-mediated NK cell activation has been described in mice. We therefore investigated whether CD27 and/or CD70 (CD27 ligand) expression on NK cells, and thus the distribution of these novel NK subsets, was altered in HIV-1-infected patients. We found up-regulated expression of both CD27 and CD70 on NK cells of patients, resulting in higher proportions of CD27(high) and CD70(high) NK cells, and this phenomenon was more pronounced in chronic infection. Experiments conducted in vitro suggest that the high interleukin-7 levels found during HIV-1 infection may participate in up-regulation of CD70 on NK cell subsets. Imbalance of NK cell subsets and up-regulated expression of CD27 and CD70 initiated early in HIV-1 infection may indicate NK cell activation and intrinsic defects initiated by HIV-1 to disarm the innate immune response to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehmia Titanji
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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