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Osowiecka K, Sroda R, Saied A, Szwiec M, Mangold S, Osuch D, Nawrocki S, Rucinska M. Does the healthcare system approaches cancer patients for using private services during diagnostic process? Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz263.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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2
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Anwer F, Gee KM, Iftikhar A, Baig M, Russ AD, Saeed S, Zar MA, Razzaq F, Carew J, Nawrocki S, Al-Kateb H, Cavalcante Parr NN, McBride A, Valent J, Samaras C. Future of Personalized Therapy Targeting Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2019; 19:397-405. [PMID: 31036508 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex disease. Identification of mutations and aberrant signaling pathways that contribute to the progression of MM and drug resistance has potential to lead to specific targets and personalized treatment. Aberrant signal pathways include RAS pathway activation due to RAS or BRAF mutations (targeted by vemurafenib alone or combined with cobimetinib), BCL-2 overexpression in t(11:14) (targeted by venetoclax), JAK2 pathway activation (targeted by ruxolitinib), NF-κB pathway activation (treated with DANFIN combined with bortezomib), MDM2 overexpression, and PI3K/mTOR pathway activation (targeted by BEZ235). Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and MYC are also emerging as key potential targets. In addition, histone deacetylase inhibitors are already in use for the treatment of MM in combination therapy, and targeted inhibition of FGFR3 (AZD4547) is effective in myeloma cells with t(4;14) translocation. Bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) protein antagonists decrease the expression of MYC and have displayed promising antimyeloma activity. A better understanding of the alterations in signaling pathways that promote MM progression will further inform the development of precision therapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Anwer
- Taussig Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Kevin Mathew Gee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Ahmad Iftikhar
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mirza Baig
- Department of Medicine, Summit Medical Group, Summit, NJ
| | | | - Sabina Saeed
- College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Muhammad Abu Zar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Faryal Razzaq
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Jennifer Carew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Steffan Nawrocki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Hussam Al-Kateb
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Ali McBride
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Jason Valent
- Taussig Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christy Samaras
- Taussig Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Cimino PJ, Huang L, Du L, Wu Y, Bishop J, Dalsing-Hernandez J, Kotlarczyk K, Gonzales P, Carew J, Nawrocki S, Jordan MA, Wilson L, Lloyd GK, Wirsching HG. Plinabulin, an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, targets KRAS signaling through disruption of endosomal recycling. Biomed Rep 2019; 10:218-224. [PMID: 30972217 PMCID: PMC6439430 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is the most common oncogenic event in certain types of human cancer and is associated with poor patient survival. Small molecule signaling inhibitors have improved the clinical outcomes of patients with various cancer types but attempts to target KRAS have been unsuccessful. Plinabulin represents a novel class of agents that inhibit tubulin polymerization with a favorable safety profile in clinical trials. In the present study, the potency of plinabulin to inhibit tubulin polymerization and growth of KRAS-driven cancer cells was characterized. In vivo efficacy of plinabulin was tested in two different mouse models; one being the RCAS/t-va gene transfer system and the other being a xenograft model. In vitro cell culture tubulin polymerization assays were used to complement the mouse models. There was improved survival in a KRAS-driven mouse gene transfer glioma model, but lack of benefit in a similar model, without constitutively active KRAS, which supports the notion of a KRAS-specific effect. This survival benefit was mediated, at least in part, by the ability of plinabulin to inhibit tubulin polymerization and disrupt endosomal recycling. It was proposed a mechanism of compromised endosomal recycling of displaced KRAS through targeting microtubules that yields inhibition of protein kinase B, but not extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, therefore lending rationale to combination treatments of tubulin- and ERK-targeting agents in KRAS-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Cimino
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals Inc., New York City, NY 10005, USA
| | - Lihua Du
- BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals Inc., New York City, NY 10005, USA
| | - Yanping Wu
- BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals Inc., New York City, NY 10005, USA
| | - Jamie Bishop
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Kari Kotlarczyk
- Translational Drug Development Inc., Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Paul Gonzales
- Translational Drug Development Inc., Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Jennifer Carew
- Institute for Drug Development, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Steffan Nawrocki
- Institute for Drug Development, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Mary Ann Jordan
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Leslie Wilson
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - G Kenneth Lloyd
- BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals Inc., New York City, NY 10005, USA
| | - Hans-Georg Wirsching
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Szablowska-Siwik S, Wachula E, Czyzewski D, Nawrocki S, Adamek M. PUB073 Lung Cancer Screening with LDCT – Results of a Small Cohort Continual Monitoring (Pilot Silesian Study). J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Visconte V, Adema V, Hirbawi Y, Przychodzen B, Kelly K, Hirsch C, Clemente M, Balasubramanian S, Carraway H, Lindner D, Sekeres M, Rogers H, Phillips J, Radivoyevitch T, Nawrocki S, Carew J, Maciejewski J. Autophagy Stimulation Improves Erythroid Proliferative Capacity in Models of SF3B1 Mutant MDS. Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kawa-Iwanicka A, Nawrocki S. SRS Stereotactic RadioSurgery using Elekta Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion (GK) device. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mita MM, Mahalingam D, Sarantopoulos J, Amaravadi R, Mita A, Curiel T, Nawrocki S, Giles F, Carew J. Abstract 1686: A Phase 1 dose escalation study to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in combination with vorinostat (V) in patients with advanced solid tumors - final results. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Autophagy is a cellular process that generates energy to assure cell survival in response to insults such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation or cytotoxic mediators. Autophagy contributes to cancer cell survival as well as drug resistance. Several anticancer agents, including Vorinostat (V) are reported to induce autophagy as a cytoprotective mechanism. In preclinical models, the addition of Hydroxycholoquine (HCQ) to V inhibited autophagy and significantly increased the anticancer effects of V. The objectives of this trial were to determine the MTD of HCQ in combination with V both administered daily (QD) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors, to evaluate PK and PD parameters, and test anti-tumor activity. Biomarkers were evaluated in tumors and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to investigate synergistic antitumor activity of V in combination with HCQ.
Methods: We used a 3+3 dose escalation design of V at 300-400 mg QD plus HCQ QD at 400-1000 mg in 21 day cycles. Patients with advanced solid tumors and no available treatment with ECOG PS 0-2 and adequate organ function were eligible.
Results: 32 patients were enrolled with 27 evaluable for toxicity studies. No dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed in cohorts 1 or 2. In cohort 3 (400 mg V/600 mg HCQ), 1/6 pts had DLT of Gr 3 anemia and fatigue. In cohort 4 (400 mg V/800 mg HCQ), 4/8 pts had DLT with Gr 3 fatigue (3 pts) and Gr 2 seizure on C1D8 (1 pt). De-escalation to 400 mg V/600 mg HCQ resulted in no further DLTs, defining the MTD. 10 pts were treated at the MTD. Treatment-related toxicities were Gr 1-2: nausea (11 pts), diarrhea (8), fatigue (6), anorexia (4), weight loss (4), anemia (4), and elevated creatinine (4). Gr 3 toxicities were fatigue (3), anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia (1 each). One pt (renal cell cancer) had a confirmed PR (cohort 2, completed 43 cycles), and 2 pts with colorectal cancer had prolonged SD (>4 cycles). HCQ trough and V plasma concentrations (preliminary) showed no drug interactions compared to previously published data. PD analyses of biomarkers of HCQ and V in PBMCs at baseline compared to weeks 1 and 6 confirmed the results from pre-clinical studies showing accumulation of autophagic vesicles and induction of LC3-II, p21 and cathepsin D. The results of biopsies from 3 patients at MTD demonstrated greater induction of these PD markers in tumor compared to PBMC.
Conclusions: The MTD was established as HCQ 600 mg + V 400 mg. Dose-dependent fatigue represented DLT in several patients. Anti-tumor activity was seen in one patient with RCC and 2 patients with CRC had prolonged SD. Based on these data phase II studies are planned in patients with renal and colorectal cancer.
Citation Format: Monica M. Mita, Devalingam Mahalingam, John Sarantopoulos, Ravi Amaravadi, Alain Mita, Tyler Curiel, Steffan Nawrocki, Frank Giles, Jennifer Carew. A Phase 1 dose escalation study to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in combination with vorinostat (V) in patients with advanced solid tumors - final results. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1686. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1686
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alain Mita
- 1Cedar Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tyler Curiel
- 2Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Frank Giles
- 4National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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Mahalingam D, Mita M, Sarantopoulos J, Amaravadi R, Davis L, Mita A, Curiel T, Nawrocki S, Carew J. 87 Inhibition of Autophagy: a Phase 1 Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Hydroxychloroquine in Combination with the HDAC Inhibitor, Vorinostat, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kieszkowska-Grudny A, Rucinska M, Meszko E, Nawrocki S. Knowledge Assessment of Medical and Oncological Terminology in Lung Cancer Patients. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kieszkowska-Grudny A, Rucinska M, Biedrzycka S, Nawrocki S. Differences in Perceived and Obtained Social Support in Cervical Cancer Patients after Radical Radio-Chemotherapy with Comparison with Healthy Population. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)34024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Millward M, Mainwaring P, Mita A, Federico K, Lloyd GK, Reddinger N, Nawrocki S, Mita M, Spear MA. Phase 1 study of the novel vascular disrupting agent plinabulin (NPI-2358) and docetaxel. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1065-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Reovirus is an oncolytic virus that is not associated with significant disease in humans, but is selectively able to replicate in cancer cells through exploitation of abnormal Ras signaling. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that treatment with reovirus is associated with significant anticancer activity across a range of tumor types. Reolysin is a proprietary formulation of the human reovirus developed by Oncolytics Biotech. Clinical evaluation of reovirus therapy has shown that it is well tolerated when administered locally or systemically. Encouraging anticancer efficacy has been observed with single-agent treatment and in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Phase II studies are currently evaluating reovirus alone and in combination with standard therapy in an array of tumor types. While immune sensitization hinders the anticancer efficacy of reovirus, it is important in preventing systemic toxicity. Immunosuppressive strategies are being developed that reduce immune neutralization of the virus to allow for improved tumor penetration, but retain sufficient antibody levels to protect normal tissues. The lack of toxicity and promising efficacy of reovirus has raised hopes that it will become an established anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kelly
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, 7979 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
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Nawrocki S, Medina E, Esquivel J, Smith S, Oberheu K, Mita M, Mita A, Giles F, Carew J. 329 POSTER Vorinostat significantly enhances the antitumor activity of temsirolimus in renal cancer. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Nawrocki S, Krzakowski M, Wasilewska-Teńluk E, Kowalski D. Palliative radiotherapy versus palliative chemoradiotherapy in treatment of NSCLC stage IIIA and IIIB: Phase II randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18128 Background: The optimal treatment for stage IIIA/IIIB NSCLC patients who do not qualify for radical treatment has not been identified. Different palliative radiotherapy regimens and chemotherapy are used but have not been compared. We decided to combine short chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CT-RT) in order to improve therapeutic index of radiotherapy (RT). Methods: Eligibility criteria: Locally advanced, inoperable patients (pts) in IIIA (N2 positive) -IIIB clinical stage with tumor larger than 8 cm in longest diameter or/and FEV1 smaller than 40%, PS: 0–2 (ECOG), non-eligible for radical CT-RT. Treatment: RT arm - 3-D radiotherapy, 30 Gy/3 Gy, 2 weeks. CT-RT arm - two cycles of CT (cisplatin: 80 mg/m2; d 1, 22; vinorelbine: 25 mg/m2 iv; d 1,8,22,29) followed by RT as in Arm 1 with concurrent third cycle of CT (cisplatin 80 mg/m2, d 43; vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 iv., d 43, 50). Study design: Phase II, two-center, randomized study, stratification IIIA vs. IIIB, PS 0–1 vs. 2, treating center (Warsaw vs. Olsztyn). Two-stage design, a and β errors = 0,1; p1 minus p0 = 0,20. Planned sample size - 46 pts/arm. Primary endpoint: response rate (RECIST). Secondary end-points: overall survival (OS), toxicity, progression free survival (PFS). Results: During 2 years 104 pts randomized, 98 eligible for toxicity and survival/progression analysis, 82 for response assessment. Demographics: median age - 65 (45–78), IIIA/IIIB: 27/71 pts. PS 0–1/2: 72/26. Well balanced between arms. Response rate: RT arm- 26%, CT-RT arm- 46%, median OS for RT arm - 195 days, CT-RT arm 2 - 385 days, log-rank test p=0,047, median PFS for RT arm - 140 days, CT-RT arm - 172 days, log-rank test p=0,16. Toxicity: deaths - 2 in RT arm, 2 in CT-RT arm; hematological G3–4 - 0 in RT arm, Arm CT- RT: anemia - 2, thrombocytopenia - 6, neutropenia - 11, esophagitis - 2. Other G3–4: RT arm -3, CT-RT arm -1. Conclusions: Palliative radiotherapy (30Gy) with chemotherapy postponed to progression is a suboptimal treatment for patients with locally advanced NSCLC. 2 cycles of cisplatin/vinorelbine plus RT concomitantly with 3 cycle increases clinical response rate and significantly prolongs survival at the cost of acceptable toxicity in palliative setting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nawrocki
- ZOZ MSWiA z Warmiśsko-Mazurskim Centrum Onkol, Olsztyn, Poland; CO-I im. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warszawa, Poland
| | - M. Krzakowski
- ZOZ MSWiA z Warmiśsko-Mazurskim Centrum Onkol, Olsztyn, Poland; CO-I im. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warszawa, Poland
| | - E. Wasilewska-Teńluk
- ZOZ MSWiA z Warmiśsko-Mazurskim Centrum Onkol, Olsztyn, Poland; CO-I im. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warszawa, Poland
| | - D. Kowalski
- ZOZ MSWiA z Warmiśsko-Mazurskim Centrum Onkol, Olsztyn, Poland; CO-I im. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warszawa, Poland
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Abstract
18148 Background: There are concerns that use of white blood cell growth factors during radiotherapy, especially chest radiotherapy may lead to severe thrombocytopenia. Bunn P reported (J Clin Oncol 1995) that use of gm-csf during radical CT-RT of limited- stage SCLC is associated with life-threatening thrombocytopenia and did not reduce significantly neutropenia. On the other hand the prolongation of CT-RT total time in limited-stage SCLC has negative impact on survival. We have evaluated the safety of g-scf administration given for neutropenia (ANC<500/mm3) in limited-stage SCLC. Methods: 32 patients, 19 men, 13 women (median age 58,5 range 49–71, PS (WHO) = 0 or 1 - 30 patients, PS=2 - 2 patients. Chemotherapy during RT: cisplatin 60 mg/m2 d 1, etoposide 120 mg/m2 d 1–3, every 3 weeks. RT: 54 Gy/2 Gy/5 days a week together with 3rd and 4th CT cycle to gross tumor, ipsilateral hilar and bilateral lymph nodes planned in 3-D planning system, 6 MV photons. G-csf given for 3 to 10 days (median - 6 d) once (22 patients) or twice during RT-CT (10 patients) for G4 (CTC) neutropenia or febrile neutropenia, 30 mln u/d for 19 patients, 48 mln u/d for 13 patients. Toxicity was recorded (CTC v.2.0) Hematology tests done every 7 days during RT and every 7 days after RT till resolution of thrombocytopenia. No breaks in RT due to neutropenia, break if thrombocytopenia G3/G4. Results: G3-G4 thrombocytopenia was observed in 15 out of 32 patients during or after RT. In 2 patients platelet’s transfusions were given, in 1 patient haemoptysis was observed, no toxic deaths were noticed. Febrile neutropenia in 10 out of 32 patients. No breaks in RT in 20 out of 32 patients. 1 to 3 days’ breaks in 7 patients, 4 to 6 days breaks in 2 patients, longer breaks in 3 patients. Mean platelet count before RT - 221,000/mm3, after RT in 3 following weeks: 135,000/mm3, 149,000/mm3, 137,000/mm3. In 21 out of 32 patients clinical response (CR or PR) was observed after CT-RT. Thrombocytopenia was not associated (p>0,1) with age, PS or radiotherapy dose, associated with number of chemotherapy cycles (p=0.07). Conclusions: Use of g-csf during CT-RT in SCLC seems to be safe, regarding thrombocytpenia. G-csf given in lower doses for shorter times than in P. Bunn’s paper may be safer. Randomized study with g-csf in limited- stage SCLC is justified. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Nawrocki
- ZOZ MSWiA z Warmiśsko-Mazurskim Centrum Onkol, Olsztyn, Poland
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Raut CP, Nawrocki S, Lashinger LM, Davis DW, Khanbolooki S, Xiong H, Ellis LM, McConkey DJ. Celecoxib inhibits angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis in human pancreatic tumor xenografts. Cancer Biol Ther 2004; 3:1217-24. [PMID: 15477758 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.3.12.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that antagonists of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1, -2) inhibit angiogenesis in tumor xenografts, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here we characterized the effects of non-selective (indomethacin) and selective (NS398, celecoxib) cyclooxygenase inhibitors on parameters of angiogenesis in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. COX-1 expression was constitutive in 9/9 pancreatic cancer cell lines, whereas COX-2 and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) expression were observed in 4/9 cell lines (BxPC3, Capan2, Cfpac1, and L3.6 pl). Production of the COX product, prostaglandin E2, correlated with expression of cPLA2 and COX-2 and was blocked by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, indomethacin or NS398). In contrast to the findings of others, neither indomethacin nor NS398 affected tumor cell secretion of angiogenic factors (VEGF, bFGF, IL-8) at concentrations that produced maximal inhibition of PGE2 production, and higher concentrations increased angiogenic factor production. We also studied the effects of celecoxib in orthotopic L3.6 pl xenografts. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed high-level expression of COX-2 in endothelial cells in L3.6 pl xenografts that increased following therapy with celecoxib, whereas the tumor cells expressed uniformly low levels of COX-2. Celecoxib did not decrease tumor-associated VEGF levels in orthotopic human L3.6 pl xenografts, but the drug did decrease tumor microvessel density (MVD) and increase apoptosis in tumor-associated endothelial cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Together, our results demonstrate that the anti-angiogeneic effects of NSAIDs in human pancreatic cancer cells are exerted via direct effects on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrajit P Raut
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Krett NL, Ayres M, Nabhan C, Ma C, Nowak B, Nawrocki S, Rosen ST, Gandhi V. In vitro assessment of nucleoside analogs in multiple myeloma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2004; 54:113-21. [PMID: 15133625 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-004-0777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Accepted: 01/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify nucleoside analogs that may be effective for multiple myeloma (MM), we tested fludarabine, clofarabine, arabinosylguanine, cytarabine, troxacitabine, and gemcitabine in MM cell lines. METHODS We employed biologic and biochemical assays in MM cell lines to evaluate the clinical potential of these nucleoside analogs. RESULTS Among these purine and pyrimidine nucleoside analogs, fludarabine, clofarabine and gemcitabine were the most potent. MM cell lines, resistant to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for this disease, were more sensitive to gemcitabine with an IC50 in the nanomolar range. The greater cytotoxicity of gemcitabine in MM cells was consistent with greater accumulation of gemcitabine triphosphate, the major cytotoxic metabolite of this drug. MM.1S cells accumulated >100 microM gemcitabine triphosphate but accumulated <20 microM of the other analogs as the respective triphosphates. In addition incubation with gemcitabine resulted in inhibition of DNA synthesis. Incubation with 25, 50 or 100 nM gemcitabine resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase in the cell population with a subG1 DNA content indicative of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that gemcitabine is a potent nucleoside analog in MM cell lines including cell types resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents. The greater activity of gemcitabine compared to other analogs seems to be due to favorable metabolism of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Krett
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Nawrocki S, Radkowski A, Górzyński M. 76/Czerniak złośliwy nosowej części gardła leczony samodzielnie radioterapią z całkowitą regresją, opis przypadku. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1507-1367(04)70932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Karczewska-Dzionk A, Nawrocki S, Wysocki P, Łaciak M, Mackiewicz A. 221. Wyniki leczenia chorych na czerniaka złośliwego zlokalizowanego w obrębie głowy i szyi leczonych z użyciem genetycznie modyfikowanej szczepionki przeciwczerniakowej. (GMTV). Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1507-1367(03)70705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Karczewska-Dzionk A, Nawrocki S, Wysocki P, Milecki P, Kowalczyk D, Stryczyńska G, Mackiewicz A. 222. Results and toxicity of immunotherapy with genetically modified tumor vaccine (GMTV) combined with brain metastases irradiation in melanoma patients. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1507-1367(03)70706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Nawrocki S, Łaciak M, Izycki D, Gryska K, Wysocki PJ, Grabarczyk P, Karczewska A, Kaczmarek A, Murawa P, Malicki J, Rose-John S, Mackiewicz A. Humoral responses to melanoma vaccine, genetically modified with interleukin 6 and soluble interleukin 6 receptor. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002; 495:411-8. [PMID: 11774603 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0685-0_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Nawrocki
- GreatPoland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, Poznań, Poland
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Izycki D, Gryska K, Grabarczyk P, Wysocki PJ, Jarosińska A, Nawrocki S, Kowalczyk DW, Mackiewicz A. Flow cytometric cytotoxicity assay with GFP gene modified target cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002; 495:429-34. [PMID: 11774605 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0685-0_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Izycki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, GreatPoland Cancer Centre, Poznań, Poland
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Abstract
The development of genetically modified tumour vaccines (GMTV) has been prompted by a better understanding of antitumour immune responses and genetic engineering technologies, as well as the identification of numerous tumour antigens (TA) in several malignancies which occasionally induce spontaneous tumour regressions. Cellular vaccines are based on autologous or allogeneic tumour cells genetically engineered to secrete different cytokines, co-stimulatory molecules, or allogeneic HLA molecules in order to provide a strong stimulatory signal together with the presented TA. Another promising approach that is targeted towards breaking immune tolerance to TA, exploits dendritic cells (DC) loaded or genetically modified with TA (and sometimes cytokines). Effective nonviral and viral gene delivery systems have been constructed including a third generation of adenoviral, lentiviral and hybrid vectors. Studies in mice demonstrated that therapeutic, curative immune responses might be elicited by GMTV. Promising results from animal studies are rarely seen in human trials. Several reasons, such as numerous escape mechanisms of slowly evolving spontaneous tumours and immune incompetence of advanced patients, are major concerns. Improved monitoring of immune responses to GMTV is essential to distinguish between responders and non-responders in order to tailor immune therapy strategy to the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nawrocki
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Department of Cancer Immunology, USOMS, GreatPoland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznañ, Poland.
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Nawrocki S, Karczewska A, Milecki P, Iżycki D, Stryczyńska G, Mackiewicz A. 13. Immunogenetherapy combined with brain metastases irradiation in melanoma patients. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1507-1367(01)70383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Wysocki PJ, Nawrocki S, Mackiewicz A. The 14th European Immunology Meeting--EFIS 2000. 23-27 September 2000, Poznañ, Poland. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2001; 1:135-40. [PMID: 11727543 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.1.1.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The 14th European Immunology Meeting--EFIS 2000, held in Poznan, Poland on 23-27 September 2000, was the last major meeting of European immunologists in the second millennium. This conference was intended to summarise past achievements and to present future prospects in immunology. The philosophy of the scientific program was to fuse fundamental and clinical immunology and give a chance for basic scientists and clinicians to discuss mutual topics in a general view. There were eight state-of-art lectures, 12 'meet an expert' sessions, 20 plenary sessions and 46 workshops. More than 900 works were presented. Significant interest was focused on several aspects of cancer immunology and immunotherapy. EFIS 2000 was accompanied by six pre-congress satellite symposia held in various Polish cities. The topics were, 'Heat shock proteins: immune, stress response and apoptosis' (Gdansk), 'Infectious immunity and vaccines' (Kazimierz Dolny), 'Mononuclear phagocytes in basic and clinical immunology' (Cracow), 'Immunology of reproduction' (Poznan), 'Primary immunodeficiencies' (Warsaw) and 'Glycoimmunology' (Wroclaw).
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Wysocki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Oncology, USOMS at Great Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary St. 15, 61-866 Poznañ, Poland
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Milecki P, Nawrocki S, Stryczyńska G, Kruk-Zagajewska A, Fundowicz D. 45. Impact of Hb level during postoperative radiotherapy of patients with larynx cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1507-1367(01)70415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Nawrocki S, Murawa P, Malicki J, Kapcinska M, Gryska K, Izycki D, Kaczmarek A, Laciak M, Czapczyk A, Karczewska A, Rose-John S, Mackiewicz A. Genetically modified tumour vaccines (GMTV) in melanoma clinical trials. Immunol Lett 2000; 74:81-6. [PMID: 10996632 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since melanoma is a model immunogenic malignancy incurable in the disseminated phase of its natural course different immunotherapeutic approaches are tested in clinical trials. A number of tumour vaccines genetically modified (GMTV), with various immunostimulatory factors, are tested in phase I/II clinical trials. These factors include cytokines, tumour antigens (TA), costimulatory molecules or HLA antigens. We have designed a novel, mixed auto/allogeneic cellular melanoma vaccine modified with the IL-6 and the sIL-6R genes. Preclinical studies in a mouse model demonstrated that the IL-6/sIL-6R based vaccine is able to elicit efficient anti-tumour responses, mediated by CD8+ and NK cells, which resulted in inhibition of the tumour growth, metastases formation and prolonged survival of the animals treated. Irradiation of vaccine cells does not only lead to their sterilisation but also causes increased secretion of exogenous IL-6 and sIL-6R. Since January 1996 we have vaccinated more than one hundred metastatic melanoma patients. Promising clinical results (22% CR+PR, 32% SD) and the evidence of immune responses in the vaccinated patients have prompted us to design a phase III clinical trial which is to be open in 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nawrocki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Great Poland Cancer Centre, ul. Garbary 15, 61-866, Poznań, Poland
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Pietrantonio PV, Gibson G, Nawrocki S, Carrier F, Knight WP. Insecticide resistance status, esterase activity, and electromorphs from mosquito populations of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), in Houston (Harris County), Texas. J Vector Ecol 2000; 25:74-89. [PMID: 10925799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus Say is a vector of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) in Texas. This disease is endemic and prevalent in the Houston area. Disease prevention through mosquito control is mainly targeted against adults by application of a resmethrin-piperonyl butoxide formulation (Scourge). Immature mosquitoes were collected from eight areas in Harris County during 1998. The susceptibility status of these populations to Scourge, malathion, and resmethrin, the latter alone or with an esterase inhibitor as a synergist, was determined using a bottle assay with females. The population structure was investigated by electrophoretic analysis of esterases and their activity. Individual females were also analyzed for esterase activity by plate assay and for isoenzyme pattern by native PAGE. Bioassays indicated high levels of resistance to malathion in all areas. In addition, the effectiveness of Scourge in mosquitoes from area 51 deteriorated throughout the season. A localized, distinctive esterase pattern and activity level was observed in mosquitoes from different areas. Overall, the frequency of esterases Est alpha 2 (A2)/Est beta 2 (B2) was higher than that of Est beta 1 (B1). Altogether, these results indicate the onset of a fragile situation for mosquito control that should be further analyzed to effectively maintain the SLE prevention program for Harris County.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Pietrantonio
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2475, USA
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Karczewska A, Nawrocki S, Breborowicz D, Filas V, Mackiewicz A. Expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor, and glycoprotein 130 correlates with good prognoses for patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2000; 88:2061-71. [PMID: 10813718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is secreted by normal epithelial breast cells but not by oncogene-transformed cells. Interleukin-6 is able to inhibit growth of breast carcinoma cells in culture. Interleukin-6 exerts its activity via two receptor subunits, IL-6R and glycoprotein 130 (gp130). The expression of these receptor subunits in breast tumors has been studied, but there are no previous reports of their prognostic significance, to the authors' knowledge. METHODS mRNA of IL-6, IL-6R, and gp130 was studied in 75 tumor samples obtained from breast carcinoma patients. Patients were followed for a maximum of 71 months (median follow-up, 61 months; 60 patients were followed for a minimum of 5 years or died during the observation period). Prognostic factors were analyzed in univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS mRNA specific to IL-6, IL-6R, and gp130 was detected in 57%, 53%, and 71% of breast carcinoma tissues, respectively. Expression was strongly correlated with earlier stages of the disease. In univariate analysis, expression of IL-6 and its receptor subunits proved to be a positive prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). IL-6R and gp130 expression were good independent prognostic factors for OS. The 5-year OS of all patients was 66%. The 5-year OS in IL-6, IL-6R, and gp130 positive groups was 95%, 94%, and 90%, respectively, whereas in negative groups it was 26%, 31%, and 9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Expression of IL-6, IL-6R, and gp130 in breast carcinoma tissue is associated with earlier stages of the disease. In advanced stages, expression of IL-6 and its receptor subunits predicts better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karczewska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University School of Medical Sciences at Great Poland Cancer Center, Poznań
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Mackiewicz A, Kapcińska M, Wiznerowicz M, Malicki J, Nawrocki S, Nowak J, Murawa P, Sibilska E, Kowalczyk D, Lange A, Hawley RC, Rose-John S. Immunogene therapy of human melanoma. Phase I/II clinical trial. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 451:557-60. [PMID: 10026927 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5357-1_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University School of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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Abstract
Tumour vaccines are based on weakly immunogenic specific tumour antigens admixed with adjutants in order to elicit, restore or augment antitumour immune responses against residual or metastatic tumour cells. Cellular cytotoxicity is considered to play a major role in eliminating tumour cells. Activation of cellular toxicity requires at least three synergistic signals: presentation of specific tumour antigen, constimulatory signal (B7 molecules) and propagation signal (cytokines). Recently several HLA-restricted specific tumour antigens recognized by cytotoxic T-cells have been characterized. Antibody defined antigens, heat shock proteins and viral antigens are also discussed. First generation vaccines made of whole cancer cells or tumour-cell lysates together with non-specific adjutants produced about 20% of clinical responses and are currently tested in prospective clinical trials. Novel second generation of tumour vaccines employ genetically modified tumour cells, antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells) or recombinant tumour antigens. Tumour cells are modified with genes encoding molecules providing signals for cytotoxic T-cells required for recognition and killing of cancer cells such as B7 constimulatory molecules, HLA proteins and genes of different cytokines. Dendritic cells are modified with genes of specific tumour antigens in order to activate both helper and cytotoxic T-cells. Novel vaccines produce specific immune responses and objective clinical responses with minimal toxicity in phase I/II trials. Advances in gene transfer technology, tumour immunology and better methods of monitoring specific antitumour immune responses allow the hope that tumour vaccines will be introduced into the clinic, at least in some malignancies resistant to systemic therapy so far such as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nawrocki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University School of Medical Sciences, GreatPoland Cancer Centre, Poznań, Poland
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Stryczyńska G, Nawrocki S, Malicki J, Milecki P. 56 Efektywność elektronicznego obrazowania napromienianego pola w kontroli jakości radioterapii. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1507-1367(99)70055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Stryczyńska G, Nawrocki S, Malicki J, Milecki P. 38 Efektywność elektronicznego portal imagingu w kontroli jakości radioterapii. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1507-1367(98)70212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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