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Munang LA, Rimer JHW, Ralston K, Kirby L, Robertson K, Box S. 164 Standardised Anticipatory Care Planning in Care Homes Reduces Unscheduled Hospital Admissions. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab030.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Anticipatory care planning (ACP) is a proactive person-centred approach for “thinking ahead”, exploring and recording a person’s goals and preferred actions when their health deteriorates. As a key part of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment of frail patients, care home (CH) residents would benefit from ACP.
Introduction
West Lothian has 16 care homes with 853 residents. Between Oct—Dec 2017, 5.21% of CH residents were admitted to hospital each month. Some of these admissions could have been avoided had there been robust ACP in place.
Methods
In 2017 West Lothian Health and Social Care Partnership appointed a GP lead for Care Homes. Through standardising ACP for CH residents, the goal was to improve the pathway for managing medical emergencies and reduce unnecessary unscheduled care calls and admissions. In 2019 this role was taken over by a team of 2WTE Advanced Nurse Practitioners and 1WTE Staff Nurse. Outcome measures include hospital admission rates, number of ACPs in place and uptake of ACP training amongst CH staff.
Interventions
In collaboration with the Medicine of the Elderly Department at St John’s Hospital, a standardised ACP Summary document was developed for use in all CHs. A medical advice and emergency flowchart was created to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions. An continuous education programme was delivered across all CH staff to facilitate and implement this.
Results
Medical admission rates from CHs have decreased by 60% from 6 to 2.2 admissions per week. The largest reduction is in CHs with full ACP use.
Conclusions
Standardised ACP significantly reduces the number of medical admissions. Continuous education and training is crucial in maintaining its implementation, and ensuring its routine use throughout CHs in West Lothian.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Munang
- Medicine of the Elderly, St John's Hospital Livingston
| | - J H W Rimer
- Medicine of the Elderly, St John's Hospital Livingston
| | - K Ralston
- Geriatric Medicine Higher Specialist Training, South East Scotland
| | | | | | - S Box
- Linlithgow Medical Practice
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Campbell SJ, Jakub R, Valdivia A, Setiawan H, Setiawan A, Cox C, Kiyo A, Darman, Djafar LF, Rosa EDL, Suherfian W, Yuliani A, Kushardanto H, Muawanah U, Rukma A, Alimi T, Box S. Immediate impact of COVID-19 across tropical small-scale fishing communities. Ocean Coast Manag 2021; 200:105485. [PMID: 37131339 PMCID: PMC10140237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The volume and value of fish catches by Indonesia's small-scale fisheries have declined significantly since national government restrictions on travel and social distancing were imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a digital data collection system (OurFish), that records purchases by fish traders from small-scale fishers, data was collected across 82 coastal communities in Southeast Sulawesi. We found that the number of active fishers and traders declined by more than 90% after the onset of the pandemic and the average weight of catch per fishing trip increased across fishers. Although the average price per kilogram of fish declined after the pandemic began, fishers that were able to maintain fishing had on average higher catches and therefore daily catch value was maintained. High value fisheries that usually enter export supply chains were more negatively impacted compared with lower value species that are commonly sold to local markets. We interviewed 185 small scale fishers and fish traders across 20 of the 82 communities in Southeast Sulawesi province, recording the perceived level of impact on local fisheries and the fish trade, causes of this impact and proposed coping strategies. Over 50% of both fishers and fish traders believed low demand for fish from traders and a decline in the price received for fish were disrupting their lives. Approximately 75% of both male and female fishers are coping by continuing to fish, highlighting that there were few alternative livelihoods available at the time of the interviews. Our results provide key insights into the vulnerability of small-scale fishing communities to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Campbell
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Jakub
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Abel Valdivia
- Rare, 1310 N Courthouse Rd Suite 110, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA
| | - Haris Setiawan
- Rare Southeast Sulawesi, Jl. Sao Sao No.6, BTN 1, Bende, Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93117, Indonesia
| | - Agus Setiawan
- Rare Southeast Sulawesi, Jl. Sao Sao No.6, BTN 1, Bende, Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93117, Indonesia
| | - Courtney Cox
- Rare, 1310 N Courthouse Rd Suite 110, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA
| | - Askabul Kiyo
- Marine and Fisheries Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province, Jl. Balai Kota No. 4, Mandonga, Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93111, Indonesia
| | - Darman
- Wakatobi National Park Office, Jl. Dayanu Ikhsanuddin No. 71, Betoambari, Kota Bau-bau, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93724, Indonesia
| | - Lely Fajriah Djafar
- Marine and Fisheries Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province, Jl. Balai Kota No. 4, Mandonga, Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, 93111, Indonesia
| | - Emilio de la Rosa
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Wahid Suherfian
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Ade Yuliani
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Hari Kushardanto
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Umi Muawanah
- Agency of Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources Development, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Arwandrija Rukma
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Taufiq Alimi
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia
| | - Stephen Box
- Rare, 1310 N Courthouse Rd Suite 110, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA
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McDonald G, Wilson M, Veríssimo D, Twohey R, Clemence M, Apistar D, Box S, Butler P, Cadiz FC, Campbell SJ, Cox C, Effron M, Gaines S, Jakub R, Mancao RH, Rojas PT, Tirona RS, Vianna G. Catalyzing sustainable fisheries management through behavior change interventions. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:1176-1189. [PMID: 32011772 PMCID: PMC7540413 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Small-scale fisheries are an important livelihood and primary protein source for coastal communities in many of the poorest regions in the world, yet many are overfished and thus require effective and scalable management solutions. Positive ecological and socioeconomic responses to management typically lag behind immediate costs borne by fishers from fishing pressure reductions necessary for fisheries recovery. These short-term costs challenge the long-term success of these interventions. However, social marketing may increase perceptions of management benefits before ecological and socioeconomic benefits are fully realized, driving new social norms and ultimately long-term sustainable behavior change. By conducting underwater visual surveys to quantify ecological conditions and by conducting household surveys with community members to quantify their perceptions of management support and socioeconomic conditions, we assessed the impact of a standardized small-scale fisheries management intervention that was implemented across 41 sites in Brazil, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The intervention combines TURF reserves (community-based territorial use rights for fishing coupled with no-take marine reserves) with locally tailored social-marketing behavior change campaigns. Leveraging data across 22 indicators and 4 survey types, along with data from 3 control sites, we found that ecological and socioeconomic impacts varied and that communities supported the intervention and were already changing their fishing practices. These results suggest that communities were developing new social norms and fishing more sustainably before long-term ecological and socioeconomic benefits of fisheries management materialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin McDonald
- Marine Science Institute, Santa Barbara – Marine Science BuildingUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106U.S.A.
- Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara – 2400 Bren HallSanta BarbaraCA93106U.S.A.
| | - Molly Wilson
- Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara – 2400 Bren HallSanta BarbaraCA93106U.S.A.
| | - Diogo Veríssimo
- Department of Zoology, Oxford Martin SchoolUniversity of Oxford34 Broad StOxfordOX1 3BDU.K.
| | - Rebecca Twohey
- Coral Reef Alliance1330 Broadway #600OaklandCA94612U.S.A.
| | - Michaela Clemence
- Marine Science Institute, Santa Barbara – Marine Science BuildingUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106U.S.A.
- Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara – 2400 Bren HallSanta BarbaraCA93106U.S.A.
| | - Dean Apistar
- Rare Philippines91–104 F. Ramos StCebu CityCebu6000Philippines
| | - Stephen Box
- Rare – 1310 N Courthouse Rd Suite 110ArlingtonVA22201U.S.A.
| | - Paul Butler
- Rare – 1310 N Courthouse Rd Suite 110ArlingtonVA22201U.S.A.
| | - Fel Cesar Cadiz
- Rare Philippines91–104 F. Ramos StCebu CityCebu6000Philippines
| | - Stuart J. Campbell
- Rare Indonesia – Jl. Gunung Gede I No.6RT.3/RW.4, Bantarjati, Bogor UtaraKota BogorJawa Barat16153Indonesia
| | - Courtney Cox
- Rare – 1310 N Courthouse Rd Suite 110ArlingtonVA22201U.S.A.
| | - Micah Effron
- Rare – 1310 N Courthouse Rd Suite 110ArlingtonVA22201U.S.A.
| | - Steve Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara – 2400 Bren HallSanta BarbaraCA93106U.S.A.
| | - Raymond Jakub
- Rare Indonesia – Jl. Gunung Gede I No.6RT.3/RW.4, Bantarjati, Bogor UtaraKota BogorJawa Barat16153Indonesia
| | | | - Pablo T. Rojas
- Rare Philippines91–104 F. Ramos StCebu CityCebu6000Philippines
| | | | - Gabriel Vianna
- Rua Visconde de Pirajá177‐sala 801, IpanemaRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
- Current address: University of Western Australia35 Stirling HwyCrawleyWA6009Australia
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Skinner C, Newman SP, Box S, Narozanski A, Polunin NVC. Chronic spearfishing may indirectly affect reef health through reductions in parrotfish bite rates. J Fish Biol 2019; 94:585-594. [PMID: 30779136 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The grazing behaviour of two Caribbean parrotfish, a fished species, the stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride and a non-fished species, the striped parrotfish Scarus iseri, were studied in the presence (fished site) and absence (marine reserve) of chronic spearfishing activity. Diurnal feeding periodicity did not differ between the sites in either species: roving individuals had significantly higher bite rates in the afternoon, while territorial individuals foraged consistently throughout the day. Mean bite rate varied between sites in both species. Abundance, biomass and bite rates of S. viride were all significantly higher within the reserve, except for roving S. viride which had a higher mean bite rate in the afternoon outside the reserve compared with within it, attributable to maximisation of feeding in the afternoon when fishing risk was lower. Scarus iseri mean abundance and bite rate were greater outside the reserve, potentially because reduction in large territorial herbivores allowed S. iseri to feed more rapidly. By reducing the grazing potential of the remaining S. viride individuals the effect of fishing is greater than would be predicted from biomass changes alone. Less grazing by S. viride would not be compensated for by the increase in grazing by S. iseri because the latter feeds on different algae. Spearfishing of key parrotfish species reduces grazing potential directly by extraction and indirectly by changing behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Skinner
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Steven P Newman
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Banyan Tree Marine Lab, Vabbinfaru, Republic of the Maldives
| | | | | | - Nicholas V C Polunin
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Box S, Debono L, Phillips DB, Simpson SH. Transitional behavior in hydrodynamically coupled oscillators. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:022916. [PMID: 25768578 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.022916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article we consider the complete set of synchronized and phase-locked states available to pairs of hydrodynamically coupled colloidal rotors, consisting of spherical beads driven about circular paths in the same, and in opposing senses. Oscillators such as these have previously been used as coarse grained, minimal models of beating cilia. Two mechanisms are known to be important in establishing synchrony. The first involves perturbation of the driving force, and the second involves deformation of the rotor trajectory. We demonstrate that these mechanisms are of similar strength, in the regime of interest, and interact to determine observed behavior. Combining analysis and simulation with experiments performed using holographic optical tweezers, we show how varying the amplitude of the driving force perturbation leads to a transition from synchronized to phase-locked states. Analogies with biological systems are discussed, as are implications for the design of biomimetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Box
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, U.K
| | - L Debono
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, U.K
| | - D B Phillips
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K
| | - S H Simpson
- ASCR, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Kràlovopolskà 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
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