1
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Hornburg M, Desbois M, Lu S, Guan Y, Lo AA, Kaufman S, Elrod A, Lotstein A, DesRochers TM, Munoz-Rodriguez JL, Wang X, Giltnane J, Mayba O, Turley SJ, Bourgon R, Daemen A, Wang Y. Single-cell dissection of cellular components and interactions shaping the tumor immune phenotypes in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:928-944.e6. [PMID: 33961783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Distinct T cell infiltration patterns, i.e., immune infiltrated, excluded, and desert, result in different responses to cancer immunotherapies. However, the key determinants and biology underpinning these tumor immune phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we provide a high-resolution dissection of the entire tumor ecosystem through single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of 15 ovarian tumors. Immune-desert tumors are characterized by unique tumor cell-intrinsic features, including metabolic pathways and low antigen presentation, and an enrichment of monocytes and immature macrophages. Immune-infiltrated and -excluded tumors differ markedly in their T cell composition and fibroblast subsets. Furthermore, our study reveals chemokine receptor-ligand interactions within and across compartments as potential mechanisms mediating immune cell infiltration, exemplified by the tumor cell-T cell cross talk via CXCL16-CXCR6 and stromal-immune cell cross talk via CXCL12/14-CXCR4. Our data highlight potential molecular mechanisms that shape the tumor immune phenotypes and may inform therapeutic strategies to improve clinical benefit from cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Hornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mélanie Desbois
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yinghui Guan
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Amy A Lo
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Department of Biochemical Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xingwei Wang
- Department of Digital Pathology, Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA
| | - Jennifer Giltnane
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Oleg Mayba
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Richard Bourgon
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anneleen Daemen
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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2
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Dragovich PS, Pillow TH, Blake RA, Sadowsky JD, Adaligil E, Adhikari P, Chen J, Corr N, Dela Cruz-Chuh J, Del Rosario G, Fullerton A, Hartman SJ, Jiang F, Kaufman S, Kleinheinz T, Kozak KR, Liu L, Lu Y, Mulvihill MM, Murray JM, O'Donohue A, Rowntree RK, Sawyer WS, Staben LR, Wai J, Wang J, Wei B, Wei W, Xu Z, Yao H, Yu SF, Zhang D, Zhang H, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Zhu X. Antibody-Mediated Delivery of Chimeric BRD4 Degraders. Part 2: Improvement of In Vitro Antiproliferation Activity and In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2576-2607. [PMID: 33596073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heterobifunctional compounds that direct the ubiquitination of intracellular proteins in a targeted manner via co-opted ubiquitin ligases have enormous potential to transform the field of medicinal chemistry. These chimeric molecules, often termed proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) in the chemical literature, enable the controlled degradation of specific proteins via their direction to the cellular proteasome. In this report, we describe the second phase of our research focused on exploring antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which incorporate BRD4-targeting chimeric degrader entities. We employ a new BRD4-binding fragment in the construction of the chimeric ADC payloads that is significantly more potent than the corresponding entity utilized in our initial studies. The resulting BRD4-degrader antibody conjugates exhibit potent and antigen-dependent BRD4 degradation and antiproliferation activities in cell-based experiments. Multiple ADCs bearing chimeric BRD4-degrader payloads also exhibit strong, antigen-dependent antitumor efficacy in mouse xenograft assessments that employ several different tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Dragovich
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert A Blake
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack D Sadowsky
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emel Adaligil
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Pragya Adhikari
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinhua Chen
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Nicholas Corr
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | | | - Aaron Fullerton
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven J Hartman
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Fan Jiang
- Viva Biotech, Structural Biology, 334 Aidisheng Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tracy Kleinheinz
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Liling Liu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ying Lu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Melinda M Mulvihill
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy M Murray
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aimee O'Donohue
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rebecca K Rowntree
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - William S Sawyer
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leanna R Staben
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jian Wang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - BinQing Wei
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wentao Wei
- Viva Biotech, Structural Biology, 334 Aidisheng Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zijin Xu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hui Yao
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shenhua Zhang
- Viva Biotech, Structural Biology, 334 Aidisheng Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
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3
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Dragovich PS, Pillow TH, Blake RA, Sadowsky JD, Adaligil E, Adhikari P, Bhakta S, Blaquiere N, Chen J, Dela Cruz-Chuh J, Gascoigne KE, Hartman SJ, He M, Kaufman S, Kleinheinz T, Kozak KR, Liu L, Liu L, Liu Q, Lu Y, Meng F, Mulvihill MM, O'Donohue A, Rowntree RK, Staben LR, Staben ST, Wai J, Wang J, Wei B, Wilson C, Xin J, Xu Z, Yao H, Zhang D, Zhang H, Zhou H, Zhu X. Antibody-Mediated Delivery of Chimeric BRD4 Degraders. Part 1: Exploration of Antibody Linker, Payload Loading, and Payload Molecular Properties. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2534-2575. [PMID: 33596065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biological and medicinal impacts of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and related chimeric molecules that effect intracellular degradation of target proteins via ubiquitin ligase-mediated ubiquitination continue to grow. However, these chimeric entities are relatively large compounds that often possess molecular characteristics, which may compromise oral bioavailability, solubility, and/or in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. We therefore explored the conjugation of such molecules to monoclonal antibodies using technologies originally developed for cytotoxic payloads so as to provide alternate delivery options for these novel agents. In this report, we describe the first phase of our systematic development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) derived from bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4)-targeting chimeric degrader entities. We demonstrate the antigen-dependent delivery of the degrader payloads to PC3-S1 prostate cancer cells along with related impacts on MYC transcription and intracellular BRD4 levels. These experiments culminate with the identification of one degrader conjugate, which exhibits antigen-dependent antiproliferation effects in LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Dragovich
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert A Blake
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack D Sadowsky
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emel Adaligil
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Pragya Adhikari
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sunil Bhakta
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicole Blaquiere
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinhua Chen
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | | | - Karen E Gascoigne
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven J Hartman
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mingtao He
- Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., 6 Tai He Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tracy Kleinheinz
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Liang Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., 6 Tai He Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Liling Liu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., 6 Tai He Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ying Lu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Fanwei Meng
- Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., 6 Tai He Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Melinda M Mulvihill
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aimee O'Donohue
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rebecca K Rowntree
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leanna R Staben
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven T Staben
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jian Wang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - BinQing Wei
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Catherine Wilson
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jianfeng Xin
- Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., 6 Tai He Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zijin Xu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hui Yao
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
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4
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Beveridge RE, Wallweber HA, Ashkenazi A, Beresini M, Clark KR, Gibbons P, Ghiro E, Kaufman S, Larivée A, Leblanc M, Leclerc JP, Lemire A, Ly C, Rudolph J, Schwarz JB, Srivastava S, Wang W, Zhao L, Braun MG. Identification of BRaf-Sparing Amino-Thienopyrimidines with Potent IRE1α Inhibitory Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2389-2396. [PMID: 33335661 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino-quinazoline BRaf kinase inhibitor 2 was identified from a library screen as a modest inhibitor of the unfolded protein response (UPR) regulating potential anticancer target IRE1α. A combination of crystallographic and conformational considerations were used to guide structure-based attenuation of BRaf activity and optimization of IRE1α potency. Quinazoline 6-position modifications were found to provide up to 100-fold improvement in IRE1α cellular potency but were ineffective at reducing BRaf activity. A salt bridge contact with Glu651 in IRE1α was then targeted to build in selectivity over BRaf which instead possesses a histidine in this position (His539). Torsional angle analysis revealed that the quinazoline hinge binder core was ill-suited to accommodate the required conformation to effectively reach Glu651, prompting a change to the thienopyrimidine hinge binder. Resulting analogues such as 25 demonstrated good IRE1α cellular potency and imparted more than 1000-fold decrease in BRaf activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avi Ashkenazi
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Maureen Beresini
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Kevin R. Clark
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Paul Gibbons
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Elise Ghiro
- Paraza Pharma Inc., 2525 Ave. Marie-Curie, Montreal, QC, Canada H4S 2E1
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Alexandre Larivée
- Paraza Pharma Inc., 2525 Ave. Marie-Curie, Montreal, QC, Canada H4S 2E1
| | - Melissa Leblanc
- Paraza Pharma Inc., 2525 Ave. Marie-Curie, Montreal, QC, Canada H4S 2E1
| | | | - Alexandre Lemire
- Paraza Pharma Inc., 2525 Ave. Marie-Curie, Montreal, QC, Canada H4S 2E1
| | - Cuong Ly
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Joachim Rudolph
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Jacob B. Schwarz
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Paraza Pharma Inc., 2525 Ave. Marie-Curie, Montreal, QC, Canada H4S 2E1
| | - Weiru Wang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Liang Zhao
- Paraza Pharma Inc., 2525 Ave. Marie-Curie, Montreal, QC, Canada H4S 2E1
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Braun
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
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5
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Pillow TH, Adhikari P, Blake RA, Chen J, Del Rosario G, Deshmukh G, Figueroa I, Gascoigne KE, Kamath AV, Kaufman S, Kleinheinz T, Kozak KR, Latifi B, Leipold DD, Sing Li C, Li R, Mulvihill MM, O'Donohue A, Rowntree RK, Sadowsky JD, Wai J, Wang X, Wu C, Xu Z, Yao H, Yu S, Zhang D, Zang R, Zhang H, Zhou H, Zhu X, Dragovich PS. Front Cover: Antibody Conjugation of a Chimeric BET Degrader Enables
in vivo
Activity (ChemMedChem 1/2020). ChemMedChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinhua Chen
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | | | - Gauri Deshmukh
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | | | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | - Brandon Latifi
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | - Chun Sing Li
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Ruina Li
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Cong Wu
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Zijin Xu
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Hui Yao
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Shang‐Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Richard Zang
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
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6
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Pillow TH, Adhikari P, Blake RA, Chen J, Del Rosario G, Deshmukh G, Figueroa I, Gascoigne KE, Kamath AV, Kaufman S, Kleinheinz T, Kozak KR, Latifi B, Leipold DD, Sing Li C, Li R, Mulvihill MM, O'Donohue A, Rowntree RK, Sadowsky JD, Wai J, Wang X, Wu C, Xu Z, Yao H, Yu S, Zhang D, Zang R, Zhang H, Zhou H, Zhu X, Dragovich PS. Antibody Conjugation of a Chimeric BET Degrader Enables
in vivo
Activity. ChemMedChem 2019; 15:17-25. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinhua Chen
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | | | - Gauri Deshmukh
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | | | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | - Brandon Latifi
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | - Chun Sing Li
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Ruina Li
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Cong Wu
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Zijin Xu
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Hui Yao
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Shang‐Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Richard Zang
- Genentech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi Apptec 288 Fute Zhong Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai 200131 China
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7
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Apicello A, Gibbons J, Jordan B, Kaufman S, McLymont V, Peets T, Wong C. Selecting a Protein Modular for Oncology Patients: Whats the Scoop? J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Hribar KC, Kleinheinz T, Klementowicz J, Kaufman S, Blake RA, Eidenschenk C. Abstract 4522: An in vitro 3D immune exclusion tumor model engineered in a layer-by-layer fashion. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent immunotherapy failures in clinical trials have elucidated the affects of the tumor stroma on attenuating therapeutic response. In some cancers, the stroma consists of a collagen-rich fibrotic zone on the tumor periphery that traps infiltrating CD8+ T cells, allowing the tumor to evade immune cell-mediated death. Typically, animal models are employed to study complex physiology. However, known challenges to these methods include cost, duration and throughput. Thus, we sought to develop a 3D in vitro model that recapitulates the immune exclusion phenotype in a high throughput manner. We utilized a novel 3D cell culture platform, VersaGel and Symphony, to pattern tumor-stroma-immune compartments in a layer-by-layer fashion in 96-well plates. VersaGel is a chemically modified extracellular matrix that is amenable to light-induced crosslinking using the Symphony apparatus. Moreover, Symphony allows for discrete layers to be formed with any VersaGel/cell mixture, with defined 3D gel thicknesses (eg. 100µm, 250µm, 500µm) and areas in the plate (eg. 2mm, 4mm, or 8mm diameter discs).
GFP-labeled MC38-ova (ovalbumin antigen) colon carcinoma cells were grown in 100µm thick 3D VersaGel with or without CFP-labeled mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) layered on top for 4 days. After, OT-1-RFP CD8+ cells were added to the culture medium to assess their penetration depth and tumor cell death over 3 days. 3D cell analysis through the optically clear VersaGel was performed in situ using high content confocal microscopy, effectively quantifying RFP/CFP/GFP-labeled cells and DRAQ7-labeled dead cells using Z-stack analysis. In the control (tumor-only condition), OT-1 cells fully penetrated the tumor layer and induced cell death. In the experimental condition (with fibroblasts), it was found that the fibrotic stromal layer limited OT-1 penetration to the periphery of the 3D tumor, and, moreover, the total OT-1 cells increased relative to the control. Future analysis may include the utility of wild-type T cells and novel therapeutics targeting the stroma to activate the immune response. The results suggest a novel 3D immune exclusion model that integrates with high content confocal analysis and is amenable to immunotherapeutic screening and translational assessment.
Citation Format: Kolin C. Hribar, Tracy Kleinheinz, Joanna Klementowicz, Susan Kaufman, Robert A. Blake, Celine Eidenschenk. An in vitro 3D immune exclusion tumor model engineered in a layer-by-layer fashion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4522.
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9
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Walach N, Guterman A, Zaidman JL, Kaufman S, Weimberger L, Scharf S. Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase and Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients. Tumori 2018; 77:164-6. [PMID: 2048230 DOI: 10.1177/030089169107700215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels in 26 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were compared to those in 30 healthy controls. Patients had metastases to the liver and abdomen. The mean leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score in the metastatic colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher than in the control group (246 ± 65 vs, 52 ± 26, p < 0.001); and the mean carcinoembryonic antigen level in the patients was also significantly higher than in the controls (110 ± 100 vs, 4.9 ± 3 ng/ml, p < 0.001). One hundred percent of the metastatic cancer patients had elevated LAP scores and 73% of these patients had elevated CEA levels. There was a difference between the mean CEA levels in the patients with liver metastases and those with abdominal metastases (162 ± 135 vs, 39 ± 53 ng/ml, p < 0.04). The results suggest that although both markers are elevated in metastatic colorectal cancer, the LAP score seems to be more useful in detecting metastatic disease, since we found 11 % false negatives with the CEA level and 0 % false negatives with the LAP score.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Walach
- Department of Oncology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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10
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Lai KW, Romero FA, Tsui V, Beresini MH, de Leon Boenig G, Bronner SM, Chen K, Chen Z, Choo EF, Crawford TD, Cyr P, Kaufman S, Li Y, Liao J, Liu W, Ly J, Murray J, Shen W, Wai J, Wang F, Zhu C, Zhu X, Magnuson S. Design and synthesis of a biaryl series as inhibitors for the bromodomains of CBP/P300. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Bronner SM, Murray J, Romero FA, Lai KW, Tsui V, Cyr P, Beresini MH, de Leon Boenig G, Chen Z, Choo EF, Clark KR, Crawford TD, Jayaram H, Kaufman S, Li R, Li Y, Liao J, Liang X, Liu W, Ly J, Maher J, Wai J, Wang F, Zheng A, Zhu X, Magnuson S. A Unique Approach to Design Potent and Selective Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element Binding Protein, Binding Protein (CBP) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10151-10171. [PMID: 29155580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulator CBP/P300 presents a novel therapeutic target for oncology. Previously, we disclosed the development of potent and selective CBP bromodomain inhibitors by first identifying pharmacophores that bind the KAc region and then building into the LPF shelf. Herein, we report the "hybridization" of a variety of KAc-binding fragments with a tetrahydroquinoline scaffold that makes optimal interactions with the LPF shelf, imparting enhanced potency and selectivity to the hybridized ligand. To demonstrate the utility of our hybridization approach, two analogues containing unique Asn binders and the optimized tetrahydroquinoline moiety were rapidly optimized to yield single-digit nanomolar inhibitors of CBP with exquisite selectivity over BRD4(1) and the broader bromodomain family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bronner
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - F Anthony Romero
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patrick Cyr
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen H Beresini
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Zhongguo Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin R Clark
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Terry D Crawford
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hariharan Jayaram
- Editas Medicine, Inc. , 11 Hurley Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ruina Li
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingjie Li
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Liao
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Justin Ly
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Zheng
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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12
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Romero FA, Murray J, Lai KW, Tsui V, Albrecht BK, An L, Beresini MH, de Leon Boenig G, Bronner SM, Chan EW, Chen KX, Chen Z, Choo EF, Clagg K, Clark K, Crawford TD, Cyr P, de Almeida Nagata D, Gascoigne KE, Grogan JL, Hatzivassiliou G, Huang W, Hunsaker TL, Kaufman S, Koenig SG, Li R, Li Y, Liang X, Liao J, Liu W, Ly J, Maher J, Masui C, Merchant M, Ran Y, Taylor AM, Wai J, Wang F, Wei X, Yu D, Zhu BY, Zhu X, Magnuson S. GNE-781, A Highly Advanced Potent and Selective Bromodomain Inhibitor of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element Binding Protein, Binding Protein (CBP). J Med Chem 2017; 60:9162-9183. [PMID: 28892380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the bromodomain of the transcriptional regulator CBP/P300 is an especially interesting new therapeutic approach in oncology. We recently disclosed in vivo chemical tool 1 (GNE-272) for the bromodomain of CBP that was moderately potent and selective over BRD4(1). In pursuit of a more potent and selective CBP inhibitor, we used structure-based design. Constraining the aniline of 1 into a tetrahydroquinoline motif maintained potency and increased selectivity 2-fold. Structure-activity relationship studies coupled with further structure-based design targeting the LPF shelf, BC loop, and KAc regions allowed us to significantly increase potency and selectivity, resulting in the identification of non-CNS penetrant 19 (GNE-781, TR-FRET IC50 = 0.94 nM, BRET IC50 = 6.2 nM; BRD4(1) IC50 = 5100 nΜ) that maintained good in vivo PK properties in multiple species. Compound 19 displays antitumor activity in an AML tumor model and was also shown to decrease Foxp3 transcript levels in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Anthony Romero
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian K Albrecht
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Le An
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen H Beresini
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Sarah M Bronner
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily W Chan
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin X Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongguo Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle Clagg
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Clark
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Terry D Crawford
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patrick Cyr
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Karen E Gascoigne
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jane L Grogan
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Wei Huang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas L Hunsaker
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stefan G Koenig
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ruina Li
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingjie Li
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiangpeng Liao
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Justin Ly
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Colin Masui
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Merchant
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingqing Ran
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexander M Taylor
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocang Wei
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Yan Zhu
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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13
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Jin L, Garcia J, Chan E, de la Cruz C, Segal E, Merchant M, Kharbanda S, Raisner R, Haverty PM, Modrusan Z, Ly J, Choo E, Kaufman S, Beresini MH, Romero FA, Magnuson S, Gascoigne KE. Therapeutic Targeting of the CBP/p300 Bromodomain Blocks the Growth of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5564-5575. [PMID: 28819026 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistance invariably develops to antiandrogen therapies used to treat newly diagnosed prostate cancers, but effective treatments for castration-resistant disease remain elusive. Here, we report that the transcriptional coactivator CBP/p300 is required to maintain the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer. To exploit this vulnerability, we developed a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the CBP/p300 bromodomain that blocks prostate cancer growth in vitro and in vivo Molecular dissection of the consequences of drug treatment revealed a critical role for CBP/p300 in histone acetylation required for the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor and its target gene expression. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for small-molecule therapies to target the CBP/p300 bromodomain as a strategy to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 77(20); 5564-75. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Jin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jesse Garcia
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Cecile de la Cruz
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ehud Segal
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Merchant
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ryan Raisner
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Peter M Haverty
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Justin Ly
- Department of DMPK, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Edna Choo
- Department of DMPK, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Maureen H Beresini
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Steven Magnuson
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Karen E Gascoigne
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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14
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Crawford TD, Romero FA, Lai KW, Tsui V, Taylor AM, de Leon Boenig G, Noland CL, Murray J, Ly J, Choo EF, Hunsaker TL, Chan EW, Merchant M, Kharbanda S, Gascoigne KE, Kaufman S, Beresini MH, Liao J, Liu W, Chen KX, Chen Z, Conery AR, Côté A, Jayaram H, Jiang Y, Kiefer JR, Kleinheinz T, Li Y, Maher J, Pardo E, Poy F, Spillane KL, Wang F, Wang J, Wei X, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yen I, Zawadzke L, Zhu X, Bellon S, Cummings R, Cochran AG, Albrecht BK, Magnuson S. Discovery of a Potent and Selective in Vivo Probe (GNE-272) for the Bromodomains of CBP/EP300. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10549-10563. [PMID: 27682507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The single bromodomain of the closely related transcriptional regulators CBP/EP300 is a target of much recent interest in cancer and immune system regulation. A co-crystal structure of a ligand-efficient screening hit and the CBP bromodomain guided initial design targeting the LPF shelf, ZA loop, and acetylated lysine binding regions. Structure-activity relationship studies allowed us to identify a more potent analogue. Optimization of permeability and microsomal stability and subsequent improvement of mouse hepatocyte stability afforded 59 (GNE-272, TR-FRET IC50 = 0.02 μM, BRET IC50 = 0.41 μM, BRD4(1) IC50 = 13 μM) that retained the best balance of cell potency, selectivity, and in vivo PK. Compound 59 showed a marked antiproliferative effect in hematologic cancer cell lines and modulates MYC expression in vivo that corresponds with antitumor activity in an AML tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry D Crawford
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - F Anthony Romero
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexander M Taylor
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Cameron L Noland
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Justin Ly
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas L Hunsaker
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily W Chan
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Merchant
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Samir Kharbanda
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karen E Gascoigne
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen H Beresini
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiangpeng Liao
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Kevin X Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongguo Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew R Conery
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alexandre Côté
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hariharan Jayaram
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ying Jiang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - James R Kiefer
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tracy Kleinheinz
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingjie Li
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eneida Pardo
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Florence Poy
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kerry L Spillane
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocang Wei
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowu Xu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongya Xu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivana Yen
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Laura Zawadzke
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Bellon
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Richard Cummings
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrea G Cochran
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian K Albrecht
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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15
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Taylor AM, Côté A, Hewitt MC, Pastor R, Leblanc Y, Nasveschuk CG, Romero FA, Crawford T, Cantone N, Jayaram H, Setser J, Murray J, Beresini MH, de Leon
Boenig G, Chen Z, Conery A, Cummings RT, Dakin LA, Flynn EM, Huang OW, Kaufman S, Keller PJ, Kiefer JR, Lai T, Li Y, Liao J, Liu W, Lu H, Pardo E, Tsui V, Wang J, Wang Y, Xu Z, Yan F, Yu D, Zawadzke L, Zhu X, Zhu X, Sims RJ, Cochran AG, Bellon S, Audia J, Magnuson S, Albrecht BK. Fragment-Based Discovery of a Selective and Cell-Active Benzodiazepinone CBP/EP300 Bromodomain Inhibitor (CPI-637). ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:531-6. [PMID: 27190605 PMCID: PMC4867486 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CBP and EP300 are highly homologous, bromodomain-containing transcription coactivators involved in numerous cellular pathways relevant to oncology. As part of our effort to explore the potential therapeutic implications of selectively targeting bromodomains, we set out to identify a CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibitor that was potent both in vitro and in cellular target engagement assays and was selective over the other members of the bromodomain family. Reported here is a series of cell-potent and selective probes of the CBP/EP300 bromodomains, derived from the fragment screening hit 4-methyl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepin-2-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Taylor
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alexandre Côté
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael C. Hewitt
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Richard Pastor
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yves Leblanc
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Christopher G. Nasveschuk
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - F. Anthony Romero
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Terry
D. Crawford
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nico Cantone
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hariharan Jayaram
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeremy Setser
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen H. Beresini
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Zhongguo Chen
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Andrew
R. Conery
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Richard T. Cummings
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Leslie A. Dakin
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - E. Megan Flynn
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Oscar W. Huang
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patricia J. Keller
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James R. Kiefer
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tommy Lai
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Liao
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Henry Lu
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Eneida Pardo
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yongyun Wang
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Zhaowu Xu
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fen Yan
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Dong Yu
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Laura Zawadzke
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi
AppTec Co., Ltd., 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Robert J. Sims
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrea G. Cochran
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steve Bellon
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James
E. Audia
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian K. Albrecht
- Constellation
Pharmaceuticals, 215
First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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16
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Kaufman WR, Kaufman S, Flynn PC. Cuticle expansion during feeding in the tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae): The role of hydrostatic pressure. J Insect Physiol 2016; 88:10-14. [PMID: 26872533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Female Amblyomma hebraeum ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) increase their weight ∼10-fold during a 'slow phase of engorgement' (7-9 days), and a further 10-fold during the 'rapid phase' (12-24h). During the rapid phase, the cuticle thins by half, with a plastic (permanent) deformation of greater than 40% in two orthogonal directions. A stress of 2.5 MPa or higher is required to achieve this degree of deformation (Flynn and Kaufman, 2015). Using a dimensional analysis of the tick body and applying the Laplace equation, we calculated that the tick must achieve high internal hydrostatic pressures in order to engorge fully: greater than 55 kPa at a fed:unfed mass ratio of ∼20:1, when cuticle thinning commences (Flynn and Kaufman, 2011). In this study we used a telemetric pressure transducer system to measure the internal hydrostatic pressure of ticks during feeding. Sustained periods of irregular high frequency (>20 Hz) pulsatile bursts of high pressure (>55 kPa) were observed in two ticks: they had been cannulated just prior to the rapid phase of engorgement, and given access to a host rabbit for completion of the feeding cycle. The pattern of periods of high pressure generation varied over the feeding cycle and between the two specimens. We believe that these pressures exceed those reported so far for any other animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Reuben Kaufman
- Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - S Kaufman
- Dept. Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Peter C Flynn
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, Canada
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17
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Han W, Menezes DL, Xu Y, Knapp MS, Elling R, Burger MT, Ni ZJ, Smith A, Lan J, Williams TE, Verhagen J, Huh K, Merritt H, Chan J, Kaufman S, Voliva CF, Pecchi S. Discovery of imidazo[1,2-a]-pyridine inhibitors of pan-PI3 kinases that are efficacious in a mouse xenograft model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:742-746. [PMID: 26774655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in PI3K/AKT signaling are known to be implicated with tumorigenesis. The PI3 kinases family of lipid kinases has been an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Imidazopyridine compound 1, a potent, selective, and orally available pan-PI3K inhibitor, identified by scaffold morphing of a benzothiazole hit, was further optimized in order to achieve efficacy in a PTEN-deleted A2780 ovarian cancer mouse xenograft model. With a hypothesis that a planar conformation between the core and the 6-heteroaryl ring will allow for the accommodation of larger 5'-substituents in a hydrophobic area under P-loop, SAR efforts focused on 5'-alkoxy heteroaryl rings at the 6-position of imidazopyridine and imidazopyridazine cores that have the same dihedral angle of zero degrees. 6'-Alkoxy 5'-aminopyrazines in the imidazopyridine series were identified as the most potent compounds in the A2780 cell line. Compound 14 with 1,1,1-trifluoroisopropoxy group at 6'-position demonstrated excellent potency and selectivity, good oral exposure in rats and in vivo efficacy in A2780 tumor-bearing mouse. Also, we disclose the X-ray co-crystal structure of one enantiomer of compound 14 in PI3Kα, confirming that the trifluoromethyl group fits nicely in the hydrophobic hot spot under P-loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Han
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Daniel L Menezes
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Mark S Knapp
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Robert Elling
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Matthew T Burger
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Zhi-Jie Ni
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Aaron Smith
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Jiong Lan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Teresa E Williams
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Joelle Verhagen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Kay Huh
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Hanne Merritt
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - John Chan
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Charles F Voliva
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Sabina Pecchi
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
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18
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Majumder K, Chakrabarti S, Morton JS, Panahi S, Kaufman S, Davidge ST, Wu J. Egg-derived ACE-inhibitory peptides IQW and LKP reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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19
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Jahandideh F, Majumder K, Chakrabarti S, Morton JS, Panahi S, Kaufman S, Davidge ST, Wu J. Beneficial effects of simulated gastro-intestinal digests of fried egg and its fractions on blood pressure, plasma lipids and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115006. [PMID: 25502445 PMCID: PMC4263718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously characterized several antihypertensive peptides in simulated digests of cooked eggs and showed blood pressure lowering property of fried whole egg digest. However, the long-term effects of this hydrolysate and its fractions on blood pressure are not known. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to determine the effects of long term administration of fried whole egg hydrolysate and its fractions (i.e. egg white and egg yolk) on regulation of blood pressure and associated factors in cardiovascular disease such as plasma lipid profile and tissue oxidative stress. Methods and Results We used spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an animal model of essential hypertension. Hydrolysates of fried egg and its fractions were prepared by simulated gastro-intestinal digestion with pepsin and pancreatin. 16–17 week old male SHRs were orally administered fried whole egg hydrolysate, non-hydrolyzed fried whole egg, egg white hydrolysate or egg yolk hydrolysates (either defatted, or not) daily for 18 days. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were monitored by telemetry. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the treatment for vascular function studies and evaluating plasma lipid profile and tissue oxidative stress. BP was reduced by feeding fried whole egg hydrolysate but not by the non-hydrolyzed product suggesting a critical role for in vitro digestion in releasing anti-hypertensive peptides. Egg white hydrolysate and defatted egg yolk hydrolysate (but not egg yolk hydrolysate) also had similar effects. Reduction in BP was accompanied by the restoration of nitric oxide (NO) dependent vasorelaxation and reduction of plasma angiotensin II. Fried whole egg hydrolysate also reduced plasma levels of triglyceride although it was increased by the non-hydrolyzed sample. Additionally the hydrolyzed preparations attenuated tissue oxidative stress. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that fried egg hydrolysates exert anti-hypertensive effects, improve plasma lipid profile and attenuate tissue oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jude S. Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sareh Panahi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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20
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Khan KM, Desai CS, Mete M, Desale S, Girlanda R, Hawksworth J, Matsumoto C, Kaufman S, Fishbein T. Developing trends in the intestinal transplant waitlist. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2830-7. [PMID: 25395218 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The United Network for Organ Sharing database was examined for trends in the intestinal transplant (ITx) waitlist from 1993 to 2012, dividing into listings for isolated ITx versus liver-intestine transplant (L-ITx). Registrants added to the waitlist increased from 59/year in 1993 to 317/year in 2006, then declined to 124/year in 2012; Spline modeling showed a significant change in the trend in 2006, p < 0.001. The largest group of registrants, <1 year of age, determined the trend for the entire population; other pediatric age groups remained stable, adult registrants increased until 2012. The largest proportion of new registrants were for L-ITx, compared to isolated ITx; the change in the trend in 2006 for L-ITx was highly significant, p < 0.001, but not isolated ITx, p = 0.270. New registrants for L-ITx, <1 year of age, had the greatest increase and decrease. New registrants for isolated ITx remained constant in all pediatric age groups. Waitlist mortality increased to a peak around 2002, highest for L-ITx, in patients <1 year of age and adults. Deaths among all pediatric age groups awaiting L-ITx have decreased; adult L-ITx deaths have dropped less dramatically. Improved care of infants with intestinal failure has led to reduced referrals for L-ITx.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Khan
- Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
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21
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Kaufman S, Rosset S. When does more regularization imply fewer degrees of freedom? Sufficient conditions and counterexamples. Biometrika 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/biomet/asu034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Khan K, Desai C, Girlanda R, Hawksworth J, Mete M, Desale S, Fishbein T, Matsumoto C, Kaufman S. Major Changes in the Wait-List for Intestinal Transplantation. Transplantation 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201407151-00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Gomez-Lobo V, Whyte T, Kaufman S, Torres C, Moudgil A. Immunogenicity of a prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus L1 virus-like particle vaccine in male and female adolescent transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2014; 18:310-5. [PMID: 24484551 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organ TX recipients are at an increased risk of developing cancers of the lower genital tract related to HPV. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine has high efficacy in preventing these diseases, but response to many vaccines is suboptimal after organ transplantation. Liver and kidney TX recipients received quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Serum samples were tested for anti-HPV levels. Of 20 renal transplant recipients screened, 14 received vaccine. Of these, seven completed the vaccine series and seven had incomplete vaccination. Of five liver TX children, three received vaccines (two complete and one incomplete). All eight kidney and liver TX children with complete vaccination and available results were seronegative at baseline and had seroconversion at month 7 for all four HPV types. Six of 14 (42.8%) kidney TX recipients developed AR. During the same time period, eight of 28 (28.5%) non-vaccine renal transplant recipients developed AR (p = ns). Transplant adolescents developed 100% seroconversion to all four HPV serotypes with HPV vaccine with serologic titers similar to historic controls. A non-significant increased incidence of AR was noted among kidney transplant vaccine recipients. A much larger study would be needed to evaluate whether HPV vaccination increases AR in transplant adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gomez-Lobo
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
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24
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Nassif S, Kaufman S, Vahdat S, Yazigi N, Kallakury B, Island E, Ozdemirli M. Clinicopathologic features of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders arising after pediatric small bowel transplant. Pediatr Transplant 2013; 17:765-73. [PMID: 24118781 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Few studies examined the clinicopathologic features of PTLD arising in pediatric SBT patients. Particularly, the association between ATG and PTLD in this population has not been described. Retrospective review of 81 pediatric patient charts with SBT--isolated or in combination with other organs--showed a PTLD incidence of 11%, occurring more frequently in females (median age of four yr) and with clinically advanced disease. Monomorphic PTLD was the most common histological subtype. There was a significant difference in the use of ATG between patients who developed PTLD and those who did not (p < 0.01); a similar difference was seen with the use of sirolimus (p < 0.001). These results suggested a link between the combination of ATG and sirolimus and development of more clinically and histologically advanced PTLD; however, the risk of ATG by itself was not clear. EBV viral loads were higher in patients with PTLD, and median time between detection of EBV to PTLD diagnosis was three months. However, viral loads at the time of PTLD diagnosis were most often lower than at EBV detection, thereby raising questions on the correlation between decreasing viral genomes and risk of PTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nassif
- Department of Pathology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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25
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Majumder K, Chakrabarti S, Morton JS, Panahi S, Kaufman S, Davidge ST, Wu J. Egg-derived tri-peptide IRW exerts antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82829. [PMID: 24312436 PMCID: PMC3843735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing interest in using functional food components as therapy for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. We have previously characterized a tri-peptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) from egg white protein ovotransferrin; this peptide showed anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor properties invitro. Given the pathogenic roles played by angiotensin, oxidative stress and inflammation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), we tested the therapeutic potential of IRW in this well-established model of hypertension. Methods and Results 16–17 week old male SHRs were orally administered IRW at either a low dose (3 mg/Kg BW) or a high dose (15 mg/Kg BW) daily for 18 days. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured by telemetry. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the treatment for vascular function studies and measuring markers of inflammation. IRW treatment attenuated mean BP by ~10 mmHg and ~40 mmHg at the low- and high-dose groups respectively compared to untreated SHRs. Heart rate was not affected. Reduction in BP was accompanied by the restoration of diurnal variations in BP, preservation of nitric oxide dependent vasorelaxation, as well as reduction of plasma angiotensin II, other inflammatory markers and tissue fibrosis. Conclusion Our results demonstrate anti-hypertensive effects of IRW invivo likely mediated through ACE inhibition, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jude S. Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sareh Panahi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Kaufman S. Invasive and Introduced Plants and Animals: Human Perceptions and Approaches to Management. ECOL RESTOR 2013. [DOI: 10.3368/er.31.1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hawksworth JS, Rosen-Bronson S, Island E, Girlanda R, Guerra JF, Valdiconza C, Kishiyama K, Christensen KD, Kozlowski S, Kaufman S, Little C, Shetty K, Laurin J, Satoskar R, Kallakury B, Fishbein TM, Matsumoto CS. Successful isolated intestinal transplantation in sensitized recipients with the use of virtual crossmatching. Am J Transplant 2012; 12 Suppl 4:S33-42. [PMID: 22947089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated virtual crossmatching (VXM) for organ allocation and immunologic risk reduction in sensitized isolated intestinal transplantation recipients. All isolated intestine transplants performed at our institution from 2008 to 2011 were included in this study. Allograft allocation in sensitized recipients was based on the results of a VXM, in which the donor-specific antibody (DSA) was prospectively evaluated with the use of single-antigen assays. A total of 42 isolated intestine transplants (13 pediatric and 29 adult) were performed during this time period, with a median follow-up of 20 months (6-40 months). A sensitized (PRA ≥ 20%) group (n = 15) was compared to a control (PRA < 20%) group (n = 27) to evaluate the efficacy of VXM. With the use of VXM, 80% (12/15) of the sensitized patients were transplanted with a negative or weakly positive flow-cytometry crossmatch and 86.7% (13/15) with zero or only low-titer (≤ 1:16) DSA. Outcomes were comparable between sensitized and control recipients, including 1-year freedom from rejection (53.3% and 66.7% respectively, p = 0.367), 1-year patient survival (73.3% and 88.9% respectively, p = 0.197) and 1-year graft survival (66.7% and 85.2% respectively, p = 0.167). In conclusion, a VXM strategy to optimize organ allocation enables sensitized patients to successfully undergo isolated intestinal transplantation with acceptable short-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hawksworth
- Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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García DC, Catalano M, Piñeiro S, Woloj M, Kaufman S, Sordelli DO. The emergence of resistance to amikacin in Serratia marcescens isolates from patients with nosocomial infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 7:203-10. [PMID: 18611757 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(96)00322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/1996] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Administration of either amikacin (1985) or gentamicin (1984, 1986-1991) as first-choice aminoglycoside did not decrease the high incidence of amikacin-resistant Serratia marcescens (ARSm) isolates responsible for nosocomial infections at the J.A. Fernández Hospital of Buenos Aires (42% in 1984, 31% in 1985 and 41% in 1987, differences not significant). In addition, a significant peak (P = 0.003) was detected in 1986, with an ARSm incidence of 70%. The incidence of ARSm decreased by 1988-1991 for reasons not related to aminoglycoside use. In the period 1984-1987 all S. marcescens isolates carried the 6'-aminoglycoside-acetyltransferase-Ic [aac(6')-Ic] gene, while in addition 20% of the isolates contained the plasmid-encoded 3'-aminoglycoside-phosphotransferase-VIa[aph(3')-VIa] and 2% the 6'-aminoglycoside-acetyltransferase-Ib [aac(6')-Ib] genes. From 1988 to 1992 resistance to amikacin was associated with only 4 ARSm isolates and correlated with the appearance of Tn1331-related sequences in these isolates. This transposon or related sequences, however, was not widely spread in the S. marcescens population under investigation. Combined use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), ribotyping and plasmid profile analysis revealed that S. marcescens strains of the same genotype, including isolates either expressing or not the aac(6')-Ic gene, were involved in outbreaks occurring in May 1984, May 1985 and May 1986. Furthermore, these epidemiological tools permitted discrimination of different S. marcescens clones, each bearing a particular amikacin-resistance marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C García
- Laboratorio BioSidus, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lo J, Patel VB, Wang Z, Levasseur J, Kaufman S, Penninger JM, Oudit GY. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 antagonizes angiotensin II-induced pressor response and NADPH oxidase activation in Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:109-22. [PMID: 22750422 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.067165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a monocarboxypeptidase capable of metabolizing angiotensin II (Ang II) into angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. We hypothesized that ACE2 is a negative regulator of Ang II-mediated pathological effects in vivo. In Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, Ang II infusion (0.1 μg min(-1) kg(-1)) induced a pressor response, activation of NADPH oxidase and generation of superoxide in the heart, kidney and blood vessels; these effects were significantly blunted by recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2; 2 mg kg(-1)), in association with a lowering of plasma Ang II and elevation of Ang-(1-7) levels. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model, rhACE2 (2 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) delivered over a 14 day period partly corrected the hypertension, the NADPH oxidase activation and the increased superoxide generation in the heart, kidney and blood vessels. Treatment with rhACE2 inhibited Ang II-mediated phosphorylation of the myocardial extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway in WKY rats, with congruent results seen in SHR hearts. Hence, rhACE2 is an important negative regulator of the Ang II-induced pressor response and NADPH oxidase activation and suppresses pathological myocardial signalling, thereby providing a novel therapeutic agent with which to antagonize an activated renin-angiotesin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2
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Lough D, Abdo J, Guerra-Castro JF, Matsumoto C, Kaufman S, Shetty K, Kwon YK, Zasloff M, Fishbein TM. Abnormal CX3CR1⁺ lamina propria myeloid cells from intestinal transplant recipients with NOD2 mutations. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:992-1003. [PMID: 22233287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although progress has been made in intestinal transplantation, chronic inflammation remains a challenge. We have reported that the risk of immunological graft loss is almost 100-fold greater in recipients who carry any of the prevalent NOD2 polymorphisms associated with Crohn's disease, and have shown that the normal levels of a key antimicrobial peptide produced by the Paneth cells of the allograft, fall as the graft becomes repopulated by hematopoietic cells of the NOD2 mutant recipient. These studies are extended in this report. Within several months following engraftment into a NOD2 mutant recipient the allograft loses its capacity to prevent adherence of lumenal microbes. Despite the significantly increased expression of CX3CL1, a stress protein produced by the injured enterocyte, NOD2 mutant CX3CR1(+) myeloid cells within the lamina propria fail to exhibit the characteristic morphological phenotype, and fail to express key genes required expressed by NOD2 wild-type cells, including Wnt 5a. We propose that the CX3CR1(+) myeloid cell within the lamina propria supports normal Paneth cell function through expression of Wnt 5a, and that this function is impaired in the setting of intestinal transplantation into a NOD2 mutant recipient. The therapeutic value of Wnt 5a administration in this setting is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lough
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Coxon A, Bready J, Kaufman S, Estrada J, Osgood T, Canon J, Wang L, Radinsky R, Kendall R, Hughes P, Polverino A. Anti-tumor activity of motesanib in a medullary thyroid cancer model. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:181-90. [PMID: 21422803 DOI: 10.3275/7609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is frequently associated with mutations in the tyrosine kinase Ret and with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Motesanib is an investigational, orally administered small molecule antagonist of VEGFR1, 2, and 3; platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR); Kit; and possibly Ret. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of motesanib on wildtype and mutant Ret activity in vitro and on tumor xenograft growth in a mouse model of MTC. METHODS/RESULTS In cellular phosphorylation assays, motesanib inhibited the activity of wild-type Ret (IC(50)=66 nM), while it had limited activity against mutant Ret C634W (IC(50)=1100 nM) or Ret M918T (IC(50)>2500 nM). In vivo, motesanib significantly inhibited the growth of TT tumor cell xenografts (expressing Ret C634W) and significantly reduced tumor blood vessel area and tumor cell proliferation, compared with control. Treatment with motesanib resulted in substantial inhibition of Ret tyrosine phosphorylation in TT xenografts and, at comparable doses, in equivalent inhibition of VEGFR2 phosphorylation in both TT xenografts and in mouse lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that motesanib inhibited thyroid tumor xenograft growth predominantly through inhibition of angiogenesis and possibly via a direct inhibition of VEGFR2 and Ret expressed on tumor cells. These data suggest that targeting angiogenesis pathways and specifically the VEGF pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coxon
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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Burger MT, Pecchi S, Wagman A, Ni ZJ, Knapp M, Hendrickson T, Atallah G, Pfister K, Zhang Y, Bartulis S, Frazier K, Ng S, Smith A, Verhagen J, Haznedar J, Huh K, Iwanowicz E, Xin X, Menezes D, Merritt H, Lee I, Wiesmann M, Kaufman S, Crawford K, Chin M, Bussiere D, Shoemaker K, Zaror I, Maira SM, Voliva CF. Identification of NVP-BKM120 as a Potent, Selective, Orally Bioavailable Class I PI3 Kinase Inhibitor for Treating Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:774-9. [PMID: 24900266 DOI: 10.1021/ml200156t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important oncology targets due to the deregulation of this signaling pathway in a wide variety of human cancers. Herein we describe the structure guided optimization of a series of 2-morpholino, 4-substituted, 6-heterocyclic pyrimidines where the pharmacokinetic properties were improved by modulating the electronics of the 6-position heterocycle, and the overall druglike properties were fine-tuned further by modification of the 4-position substituent. The resulting 2,4-bismorpholino 6-heterocyclic pyrimidines are potent class I PI3K inhibitors showing mechanism modulation in PI3K dependent cell lines and in vivo efficacy in tumor xenograft models with PI3K pathway deregulation (A2780 ovarian and U87MG glioma). These efforts culminated in the discovery of 15 (NVP-BKM120), currently in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Burger
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sabina Pecchi
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Allan Wagman
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Zhi-Jie Ni
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Mark Knapp
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Thomas Hendrickson
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Gordana Atallah
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Keith Pfister
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Yanchen Zhang
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sarah Bartulis
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kelly Frazier
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Simon Ng
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Aaron Smith
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Joelle Verhagen
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Joshua Haznedar
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kay Huh
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Ed Iwanowicz
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Xiaohua Xin
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Daniel Menezes
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Hanne Merritt
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Isabelle Lee
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Marion Wiesmann
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kenneth Crawford
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Michael Chin
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Dirksen Bussiere
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kevin Shoemaker
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Isabel Zaror
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sauveur-Michel Maira
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Charles F. Voliva
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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Akhter K, Timpone J, Matsumoto C, Fishbein T, Kaufman S, Kumar P. Six-month incidence of bloodstream infections in intestinal transplant patients. Transpl Infect Dis 2011; 14:242-7. [PMID: 22093913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal transplantation has emerged as an established treatment for life-threatening intestinal failure. The most common complication and cause of death is infection. Risk of infection is highest during the first 6 months, as a consequence of maximal immunosuppression, greater than that required for any other organ allograft. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of all (56) adult and pediatric (<18 years) small bowel transplant patients at our institution between November 2003 and July 2007, and analyzed the 6-month post-transplant incidence of bloodstream infections (BSIs). We evaluated multiple risk factors, including inclusion of a colon or liver, total bilirubin >5, surgical complications, and acute rejection. RESULTS A BSI developed in 34 of the 56 patients, with a total of 85 BSI episodes. Of these BSI episodes, 65.9% were due to gram-positive organisms, 34.1% gram-negative organisms, and 2.4% due to fungi. The most common isolates were Enterococcus species, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella species, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Inclusion of the liver and/or a preoperative bilirubin >5 mg/dL appeared to increase the incidence of BSI (P = 0.0483 and 0.0005, respectively). Acute rejection and colonic inclusion did not appear to affect the incidence of BSI (P = 0.9419 and 0.8248, respectively). The BSI incidence was higher in children (P = 0.0058). CONCLUSIONS BSIs are a common complication of intestinal transplantation. Risk factors include age <18, inclusion of the liver, and pre-transplant bilirubin >5. Acute rejection and colon inclusion do not appear to be associated with increased BSI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Akhter
- Infectious Diseases Faculty Practice, Orlando Health, Orlando, Florida 32806, USA.
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Abdellatif KR, Huang Z, Chowdhury MA, Kaufman S, Knaus EE. A diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolated nitric oxide donor ester prodrug of 3-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-5 H -furan-2-one: Synthesis, biological evaluation and nitric oxide release studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3951-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Akakubo N, Kagawa N, Yabuuchi A, Silber SJ, Yamaguchi S, Nagumo Y, Takai Y, Ishihara S, Takehara Y, Kato O, Kocent J, Hu JCY, Neri QV, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo GD, Armuand G, Rodriguez-Wallberg K, Wettergren L, Lampic C, Martinez-Soto JC, Domingo JC, Cordovilla B, Gadea J, Landeras J, Sadri-Ardekani H, Akhondi MM, van der Veen F, de Rooij DG, Repping S, van Pelt AMM, Vanacker J, Luyckx V, Dolmans MM, Amorim CA, Van Langendonckt A, Donnez J, Camboni A, Camboni A, Amorim CA, Vanacker J, Dolmans MM, Van Langendonckt A, Donnez J, Gavella M, Lipovac V, Siftar Z, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Gajski G, Gook D, Borg J, Edgar DH, Brink-van der Vlugt JJ, Van der Velden VHJ, Noordijk A, Timmer-Bosscha H, Tissing WJE, Land JA, Hollema H, Van Echten-Arends J, Alvarez JG, Gosalvez A, Velilla E, Lopez-Teijon M, Lopez-Fernandez C, Gosalvez J, Kristensen SG, Rasmussen A, Yding Andersen C, Raziel A, Friedler S, Gidoni Y, Ben Ami I, Kaufman S, Omansky A, Strassburger D, Komarovsky D, Bern O, Kasterstein E, Komsky A, Maslansky B, Ron-El R, Fujimoto A, Osuga Y, Ichinose M, Oishi H, Harada M, Koizumi M, Takemura Y, Yano T, Taketani Y, Molnar Z, Mokanszki A, Benyo M, Bazsane Kassai Z, Olah E, Jakab A, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Vonheim E, Gumus E, Persson I, Lundqvist M, Karlstrom PO, Hovatta O, Pasqualotto FF, Teixeira R, Medeiros GS, Canabarro C, Tonezer J, Grando APC, Borges Jr. E, Pasqualotto EB, Westphal JR, Bastings L, Beerendonk CCM, Braat DDM, Peek R, Courbiere B, Berthelot-Ricou A, Di Giorgio C, De Meo M, Roustan A, Botta A, Perrin J, Abir R, Orvieto R, Friedman O, Ben-Haroush A, Fisch B, Lawrenz B, Henes J, Henes M, Neunhoeffer E, Schmalzing M, Fehm T, Koetter I. POSTER VIEWING SESSION - MALE AND FEMALE FERTILITY PRESERVATION. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Manley PW, Stiefl N, Cowan-Jacob SW, Kaufman S, Mestan J, Wartmann M, Wiesmann M, Woodman R, Gallagher N. Structural resemblances and comparisons of the relative pharmacological properties of imatinib and nilotinib. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6977-86. [PMID: 20817538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although orphan drug applications required by the EMEA must include assessments of similarity to pre-existing products, these can be difficult to quantify. Here we illustrate a paradigm in comparing nilotinib to the prototype kinase inhibitor imatinib, and equate the degree of structural similarity to differences in properties. Nilotinib was discovered following re-engineering of imatinib, employing structural biology and medicinal chemistry strategies to optimise cellular potency and selectivity towards BCR-ABL1. Through evolving only to conserve these properties, this resulted in significant structural differences between nilotinib and imatinib, quantified by a Daylight-fingerprint-Tanimoto similarity coefficient of 0.6, with the meaning of this absolute measure being supported by an analysis of similarity distributions of similar drug-like molecules. This dissimilarity is reflected in the drugs having substantially different preclinical pharmacology and a lack of cross-intolerance in CML patients, which translates into nilotinib being an efficacious treatment for CML, with a favourable side-effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Manley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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Chin J, Chin D, Medich D, Gao Z, French C, Tries M, Xu H, Acker B, Napier T, Yunes M, Kaufman S. SU-GG-T-536: A New Treatment Plan Evaluation Index for Comparing Various SRS Treatment Technique. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mansart A, Ruff LJ, Ariaans MP, Ross JJ, Reilly CS, Brown NJ, Kaufman S, Brookes ZLS. Constriction of rat extra-splenic veins to lipopolysaccharide involves endothelin-1. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 381:555-62. [PMID: 20397012 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spleen has an important role in blood volume regulation and increased resistance of post-capillary hilar veins (in mesentery adjoining the spleen) can regulate this. This study investigated whether venular constriction to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) involved endothelin-1 (ET-1). Pressure myography was used to study isolated extra-splenic (hilar) vessels from male Wistar rats (n = 111). Arteries and veins were treated with LPS (50 microg ml(-1)) for 4 h. Extra-splenic veins constricted to LPS (p < 0.05), but there was no effect on arteries. Denudation did not abolish venular constriction to LPS, indicating an endothelial independent mechanism. However, the dual ET-1 receptor antagonist bosentan (10(-5) M) and specific ET(A) and ET(B) antagonists ABT-627 (atrasentan, 6.3 x 10(-6) M) and A-192621(1.45 x 10(-6) M) completely abolished constriction of LPS-treated veins. ET-1 alone also constricted the extra-splenic arteries and veins (p < 0.05), with a greater response observed in veins (p < 0.05). ELISA also confirmed that serum and spleen levels of ET-1 increased in response to LPS (p < 0.05). That LPS-induced constriction of extra-splenic veins is mediated by ET-1. Greater constriction of post- versus pre-capillary extra-splenic vessels to LPS would result in increased intra-splenic fluid extravasation and hypovolaemia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Mansart
- Academic Unit of Anaesthesia, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
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Wiesmann M, Daniel DL, Pryer N, Sutton J, Sung V, Wang T, Jeffry U, Oei Y, Kaufman S, Lenahan W, Lee I, Huh K, Sim J. Abstract 3629: BLZ945, a selective c-fms (CSF-1R) kinase inhibitor for the suppression of tumor-induced osteolytic lesions in bone. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aberrant activation of osteoclasts due to bone metastasis causes osteolysis, skeletal-related events and severe pain in cancer patients. Macrophage-Colony-stimulating Factor (M-CSF) signaling through its receptor c-fms / Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) in the monocytic lineage is essential for osteoclastogenesis, providing an opportunity to inhibit this pathway and suppress tumor-induced osteolysis. BLZ945 is an orally active, potent and selective CSF-1R inhibitor. BLZ945 inhibits CSF-1R activity with an IC50 of 1nM and is more than 1000-fold selective against its closest receptor tyrosine kinase homologs c-KIT and Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor beta (PDGFRb) as well as more than 200 additional kinases, confirming the selectivity of the compound. BLZ945 potently inhibited proliferation of the M-CSF-dependent murine leukemia cell line MNFS60 (EC50 67 nM) consistent with the inhibition of the CSF-1R kinase activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation in HEK293 cells overexpressing human CSF-1R was inhibited with an EC50 of 58 nM. Functional activity of BLZ945 was shown by inhibition of osteoclastogenesis using human osteoclast precursors.
The MNFS60 allograft model was used to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of BLZ945 by monitoring dose and time dependent changes in tyrosine phoshorylation of CSF-1R to select doses and regimens for in vivo efficacy studies. A single dose of BLZ945 at 200 mg/kg maximally suppressed CSF-1R phosphorylation of >50% for more than 16 hours in this model and was selected for further evaluation in mouse models of breast (MDA-MB-231Luc) and prostate (PC-3MLuc) tumor-induced osteolysis (TIO). In these models human tumor cells are injected directly into the tibia of nude mice and bone destruction is measured by x-ray analysis and serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b), a marker of osteoclast activity. Daily dosing of BLZ945 at 200 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in the progression of osteolysis, with > 50% reduction in osteolytic lesion severity in both TIO models, as compared to vehicle-treated animals. Reductions in serum TRAP5b were also observed at the end of the studies. BLZ945 showed enhanced activity in combination with zoledronate in the PC-3MLuc model, with the combination reducing osteolytic severity scores by 90%. In addition anti-osteolytic activity was observed in a nude rat model of osteolysis induced by intratibial injection of MDA-MB-231 cells. In naïve cynomolgus monkeys, treatment with BLZ945 resulted in dose-dependent reductions of serum TRAP5b and cross-linked collagen (CTX) in both serum and urine, consistent with the expected effect of inhibiting bone resorption. These data support the testing of CSF-1R inhibitors in advanced cancer patients with bone metastases and skeletal related events.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3629.
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Nagel T, Shoemaker K, Li N, Wallroth M, Merritt H, Chan J, Kaufman S, Appleton B, Xu Y, Holderfield M, Poon D, Tellew J, Stuart D. Abstract 20: Raf kinase inhibitors can induce Raf dimerization, downstream signaling, and cell growth. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway are among the most common in human cancers. Up to 70% of melanomas harbor B-Raf mutations, and roughly 90% of pancreatic tumors have K-Ras mutations. To address these Raf pathway-driven cancers, small molecule Raf kinase inhibitors have been developed and are currently under clinical investigation. In B-RafV600E cells, Raf compounds inhibit signaling through MEK and ERK, resulting in the expected anti-proliferative effects. Paradoxically, in wild-type Raf cells and in mutant Ras cells, these compounds induce downstream signaling and can induce cell growth in some settings in vitro. While the induction of downstream signaling has previously been attributed to published Raf pathway feedback loops, this has not been proven directly. In fact, we show here that induction of pMEK and pERK can occur within minutes of Raf compound treatment, even before reported feedback phosphorylation events are seen on B-Raf and C-Raf. Interestingly, the induction of signaling and cell growth both occur in a biphasic pattern, with low compound concentrations (0.01-0.1 uM) causing maximal induction, and higher compound concentrations (1-10 uM) causing less profound induction. Such a biphasic pattern is also observed in biochemical assays with purified wild-type B-Raf or C-Raf. The biphasic pattern is suggestive of a mechanism involving the interaction of two signaling subunits. In addition, recent literature data (Rajakulendran, Nature, 461:542-6) has demonstrated that Raf dimerization can upregulate pMEK, not through trans-phosphorylation of Raf molecules but presumably by conformational activation of the kinase. Consistent with that model, we show that Raf compound treatment induces B/C-Raf dimer formation in cells. In addition, knockdown of A-, B- or C-Raf with siRNA does not abrogate the Raf compound induction of pMEK and pERK, suggesting that induction might be mediated by Raf homo- as well as hetero-dimerization. Notably, knockdown of K-Ras in K-RasMUT cells also does not abolish the induction, implying that this effect is not mediated by Ras. Taken together, these data suggest a model in which compound binding to one Raf molecule induces dimerization and conformational activation of a partner Raf molecule in the dimer. These observations can explain why wild-type Raf and mutant Ras tumors are insensitive to selective Raf kinase inhibitors and might also have important implications for toxicity, since induction of strong mitogenic signaling could lead to hyperproliferation of normal tissues. Understanding the Raf compound induction mechanism may lead not only to the design of improved inhibitors, but also to methods for overcoming the induction seen with current development compounds. Toward that end, we show that combining a MEK inhibitor with a Raf compound causes inhibition of both pERK and cell growth and may therefore have significant advantages in the clinic.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobi Nagel
- 1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA
| | - Kevin Shoemaker
- 1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA
| | - Nanxin Li
- 2Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Marco Wallroth
- 1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA
| | - Hanne Merritt
- 1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA
| | - John Chan
- 1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA
| | - Susan Kaufman
- 1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA
| | - Brent Appleton
- 1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA
| | - Yongjin Xu
- 1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA
| | | | - Daniel Poon
- 1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA
| | - John Tellew
- 2Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Darrin Stuart
- 1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA
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Kaufman S, Levasseur J. It's not my nerves! Augmented pressor response to stress in multiparous rats is not associated with increased sympathetic outflow. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.lb550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Stecyk JAW, Kaufman S. Effect of simulated microgravity on sympathetic outflow to the mesentery during an orthostatic challenge. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.lb694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ialonardi F, Faccone D, Abel S, Machain M, Errecalde L, Litvik A, Kaufman S, Melano R, Galas M, Corso A. P21 Multiple-clones of group-B streptococci clinical isolates with an unusual erythromycin-susceptible and clindamycin-resistant phenotype. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gao Z, Chin D, Koblinski M, Wilson T, Yunes M, Kaufman S, Napier T, Acker B, Chin J. SU-FF-T-546: A Novel Template Technique for the Analysis of Alignment Accuracy of a Linac Based SRS System. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Aside from its established immunologic and hematologic functions, the spleen also plays an important role in cardiovascular regulation. This occurs through changes in intrasplenic microvascular tone, as well as through splenic neurohormonal modulation of the renal and mesenteric vascular beds. Splenic regulation of blood volume occurs predominantly through fluid extravasation from the splenic circulation into lymphatic reservoirs; this is controlled by direct modulation of splenic pre- and postcapillary resistance by established physiologic agents such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), nitric oxide (NO), and adrenomedullin (ADM). In addition to physiologic fluid regulation, splenic extravasation is a key factor in the inability to maintain adequate intravascular volume in septic shock. The spleen also controls renal microvascular tone through reflex activation of the splenic afferent and renal sympathetic nerves. This splenorenal reflex not only contributes to the physiologic regulation of blood pressure, but also contributes to the cardiovascular dysregulation associated with both septic shock and portal hypertension. In septic shock, the splenorenal reflex protectively limits splenic extravasation and potentially promotes renal sodium and water reabsorption and release of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II; this function is eventually overwhelmed as shock progresses. In portal hypertension, on the other hand, the splenorenal reflex-mediated reduction in renal vascular conductance exacerbates sodium and water retention in the kidneys and may eventually contribute to renal dysfunction. Preliminary evidence suggests that the spleen also may play a role in the hemodynamic complications of portal hypertension via neurohormonal modulation of the mesenteric vascular bed. Lastly, the spleen itself may be a source of a vasoactive factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M Hamza
- 473 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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Tawfik H, Ali M, Schulz R, Kaufman S. Effect of Multiparity on Vascular Compliance and Collagen Content. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.951.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Physiology
- PharmacologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
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Cabrini M, Ameri D, Bourlot I, Duarte A, Sisto A, Perez M, Erbin M, Kaufman S, Perez H, Cahn P. Prevalence of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in HIV Positive Patients. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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