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Schnake KJ, Bouzakri N, Hahn P, Franck A, Blattert TR, Zimmermann V, Gonschorek O, Ullrich B, Kandziora F, Müller M, Katscher S, Hartmann F, Mörk S, Verheyden A, Schinkel C, Piltz S, Olbrich A. Multicenter evaluation of therapeutic strategies of inpatients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Germany. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 48:1401-1408. [PMID: 34080045 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess therapeutic strategies of inpatients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures (OTF) in Germany. METHODS Prospective multi-center study including 16 German-speaking trauma centers over a period of 7 months. All inpatients with OTF were included. Radiological and clinical data on admission and treatment modalities were assessed. RESULTS Seven hundred and seven (99.3%) out of 712 included patients (73.3% female) could be evaluated. Mean age was 75 years (30-103). 51.3% could not remember any traumatic incident. Fracture distribution was from T2 to L5 with L1 (19%) most commonly affected. According to the Magerl classification type A1 (52.1%) and A3 (42.7%) were most common. B and C type injuries (2.6%) and neurological deficits (3.1%) were rare. Previous progression of vertebral deformation was evident in 34.4% of patients and related to t score below - 3 (Odds ratio 1.9661). Patients presented with anticoagulation medication (15.4%), dementia (13%), and ASA score > 3 (12.4%) frequently. 82.3% of patients complained of pain > 4 on VAS, 37% could not be mobilized despite pain medication according to grade II WHO pain ladder. 81.6% received operative treatment. Kyphoplasty (63.8%) and hybrid stabilization including kyphoplasty with (14.4%) or without screw augmentation (7.6%) were the techniques most frequently used. Invasiveness of treatment increased with degree of instability. CONCLUSIONS OTF are mostly type A compression fractures. Patients suffer from severe pain and immobilization frequently. Progression of deformity is correlated to t score below - 3. Treatment of inpatients is mainly surgical, with kyphoplasty followed by hybrid stabilization as commonly used techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus John Schnake
- Center for Spinal and Scoliosis Surgery, Malteser Waldkrankenhaus St. Marien, Rathsberger Strasse 57, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Nabila Bouzakri
- Klinik für Allgemein, Viszeral-und Thoraxchirurgie im Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany
| | - Patrick Hahn
- Abteilung für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Orthopädische Schmerztherapie, Marienkrankenhaus Schwerte, Schwerte, Germany
| | - Alexander Franck
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Thomas R Blattert
- Department of Spine Surgery and Traumatology, Schwarzach Orthopaedic Hospital, Schwarzach, Germany
| | - Volker Zimmermann
- Department of Traumtology and Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Oliver Gonschorek
- Abteilung Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik, Murnau, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ullrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Hospital Bergmannstrost, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Kandziora
- Center for Spinal Surgery and Neurotraumatology, BG-Unfallklinik Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Katscher
- Center of Spine Surgery and Neurotraumatology, Sana Hospital Borna, Borna, Germany
| | - Frank Hartmann
- Center for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Ev. Stift, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Sven Mörk
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, St. Anna Hospital Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Germany
| | - Akhil Verheyden
- Clinic for Trauma, Orthopedic and Spine Surgery, Ortenauklinikum Lahr-Ettenheim, Lahr, Germany
| | - Christian Schinkel
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Handchirurgie und Orthopädie, Klinikum Memmingen, Memmingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Piltz
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum Coburg, Coburg, Germany.,Klinik für Allgemein-, Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Klinikum der Universität, Campus Großhadern, München, Germany
| | - Annett Olbrich
- Klinik für Unfall-, Wiederherstellungs- und Orthopädische Chirurgie, Städtisches Klinikum, Dresden, Germany
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Schleicher P, Scholz M, Kandziora F, Badke A, Dreimann M, Gebhard HW, Gercek E, Gonschorek O, Hartensuer R, Jarvers JSG, Katscher S, Kobbe P, Koepp H, Matschke S, Mörk S, Müller CW, Osterhoff G, Pécsi F, Pishnamaz M, Reinhold M, Schmeiser G, Schnake KJ, Schneider K, Spiegl UJA, Ullrich B. Recommendations for the Diagnostic Testing and Therapy of Atlas Fractures. Z Orthop Unfall 2019; 157:566-573. [DOI: 10.1055/a-0809-5765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2017 erstellten die Mitglieder der AG „obere HWS“ der Sektion „Wirbelsäule“ der DGOU in einem Konsensusprozess mit 4 Sitzungen Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie oberer Halswirbelsäulenverletzungen unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt die Empfehlung für Frakturen des Atlasrings. Etwa 10% aller HWS-Verletzungen betreffen den Atlas. Die Diagnostik zielt im Wesentlichen auf die Detektion der Verletzung sowie die Beurteilung der Gelenkflächen hinsichtlich einer Lateralisationstendenz der Atlasmassive. Zur Klassifikation haben sich die Gehweiler-Klassifikation und ergänzend die Dickman-Klassifikation bewährt. Zum primären klinischen Screening hat sich die Canadian C-Spine Rule bewährt. Bildgebendes Verfahren der Wahl bei klinischem Verdacht auf eine Atlasverletzung ist die CT. Die MRT dient der Beurteilung der Integrität des Lig. transversum atlantis bei vorderer und hinterer Bogenfraktur. Die Indikation zur Gefäßdarstellung sollte großzügig gestellt werden. Viele Atlasfrakturen können konservativ in einer Zervikalorthese behandelt werden. Eine OP-Indikation ist gegeben bei bestehender oder drohender massiver Gelenkinkongruenz oder -instabilität, die am häufigsten bei Gehweiler-IIIB-Frakturen oder bei Gehweiler-IV-Frakturen vorliegt. Operative Standardtherapie ist die dorsale atlantoaxiale Fixation, entweder in transartikulärer Technik oder mittels Fixateur interne. Insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten sollte die Möglichkeit einer isolierten Atlasosteosynthese geprüft werden. Dislozierte Gehweiler-IV-Frakturen mit sagittaler Spaltbildung können auch probatorisch im Halofixateur unter Ausnutzung der Ligamentotaxis behandelt werden; eine engmaschige Dislokationskontrolle ist obligat. Im Falle einer sekundären Dislokation ist auch hier eine operative Stabilisierung indiziert. Bei Mitbeteiligung des okzipitozervikalen Gelenks ist eine Einbeziehung des Okziputs in die Instrumentierung notwendig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schleicher
- Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main
| | - Matti Scholz
- Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main
| | - Frank Kandziora
- Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main
| | - Andreas Badke
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - Marc Dreimann
- Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | | | - Erol Gercek
- Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz
| | - Oliver Gonschorek
- Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau
| | - René Hartensuer
- Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster
| | | | - Sebastian Katscher
- Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Sana Kliniken Leipziger Land GmbH, Borna
| | - Philipp Kobbe
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | - Holger Koepp
- Wirbelsäulenzentrum, St. Josefs-Hospital, Wiesbaden
| | | | - Sven Mörk
- Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, St. Anna Krankenhaus, Sulzbach-Rosenberg
| | - Christian W. Müller
- Abteilung Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Asklepios Klinik Wandsbek, Hamburg
| | - Georg Osterhoff
- Klinik für Traumatologie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Ferenc Pécsi
- Wirbelsäulenchirurgie/Skoliosezentrum, Schön Klinik Neustadt, Neustadt in Holstein
| | - Miguel Pishnamaz
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | - Maximilian Reinhold
- Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Handchirurgie, Klinikum Südstadt Rostock
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernhard Ullrich
- Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Klinikum Bergmannstrost Halle (Saale)
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Blattert TR, Schnake KJ, Gonschorek O, Katscher S, Ullrich BW, Gercek E, Hartmann F, Mörk S, Morrison R, Müller ML, Partenheimer A, Piltz S, Scherer MA, Verheyden A, Zimmermann V. [Not Available]. Orthopade 2019; 48:175. [PMID: 30666342 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-019-03689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T R Blattert
- Orthopädische Fachklinik Schwarzach, Dekan-Graf-Straße 2-6, 94374, Schwarzach, Deutschland.
| | - K J Schnake
- Schön Klinik Nürnberg Fürth, Fürth, Deutschland
| | - O Gonschorek
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Deutschland
| | - S Katscher
- Interdisziplinäres Wirbelsäulenzentrum, Sana Klinikum Borna, Borna, Deutschland
| | - B W Ullrich
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Klinikum Bergmannstrost, Halle, Deutschland
| | - E Gercek
- Zentrum für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz, Deutschland
| | - F Hartmann
- Zentrum für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz, Deutschland
| | - S Mörk
- St. Anna Krankenhaus, Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Deutschland
| | - R Morrison
- Sektion konservative und operative Wirbelsäulentherapie, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Deutschland
| | - M L Müller
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
| | | | - S Piltz
- Abteilung für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum Coburg gGmbH, Coburg, Deutschland
| | - M A Scherer
- Abteilung für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, HELIOS Amper Klinikum Dachau, Dachau, Deutschland
| | - A Verheyden
- Klinik für Unfall‑, Orthopädische und Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Ortenauklinikum Lahr-Ettenheim, Lahr, Deutschland
| | - V Zimmermann
- Zentrum für Hand- und Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Klinikum Traunstein, Traunstein, Deutschland
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Schnake KJ, Blattert TR, Hahn P, Franck A, Hartmann F, Ullrich B, Verheyden A, Mörk S, Zimmermann V, Gonschorek O, Müller M, Katscher S, Saman AE, Pajenda G, Morrison R, Schinkel C, Piltz S, Partenheimer A, Müller CW, Gercek E, Scherer M, Bouzraki N, Kandziora F. Classification of Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU). Global Spine J 2018; 8:46S-49S. [PMID: 30210960 PMCID: PMC6130101 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217717972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Expert opinion. OBJECTIVES Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are of increasing medical importance. For an adequate treatment strategy, an easy and reliable classification is needed. METHODS The working group "Osteoporotic Fractures" of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU) has developed a classification system (OF classification) for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures. The consensus decision followed an established pathway including review of the current literature. RESULTS The OF classification consists of 5 groups: OF 1, no vertebral deformation (vertebral edema); OF 2, deformation with no or minor (<1/5) involvement of the posterior wall; OF 3, deformation with distinct involvement (>1/5) of the posterior wall; OF 4, loss of integrity of the vertebral frame or vertebral body collapse or pincer-type fracture; OF 5, injuries with distraction or rotation. The interobserver reliability was substantial (κ = .63). CONCLUSIONS The proposed OF classification is easy to use and provides superior clinical differentiation of the typical osteoporotic fracture morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick Hahn
- Zentrum für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, St. Anna Hospital, Herne, Germany
| | | | - Frank Hartmann
- Zentrum für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ullrich
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Hospital Bergmannstrost, Halle, Germany
| | - Akhil Verheyden
- Klinik für Unfall, Orthopädische und Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Ortenauklinikum, Lahr, Germany
| | - Sven Mörk
- St. Anna Krankenhaus Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Suzbach-Rosenberg, Germany
| | - Volker Zimmermann
- Zentrum für Hand- und Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Klinikum Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | | | - Michael Müller
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Katscher
- Interdisziplinäres Wirbelsäulenzentrum, Sana Klinikum Borna, Borna, Germany
| | | | - Gholam Pajenda
- Univesitätsklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Robert Morrison
- Zentrum für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Schinkel
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Handchirurgie und Orthopädie, Klinikum Memmingen, Memmingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Piltz
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Erol Gercek
- Zentrum für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Michael Scherer
- Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, HELIOS Amper Klinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany
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Blattert TR, Schnake KJ, Gonschorek O, Gercek E, Hartmann F, Katscher S, Mörk S, Morrison R, Müller M, Partenheimer A, Piltz S, Scherer MA, Ullrich BW, Verheyden A, Zimmermann V. Nonsurgical and Surgical Management of Osteoporotic Vertebral Body Fractures: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU). Global Spine J 2018; 8:50S-55S. [PMID: 30210962 PMCID: PMC6130106 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217745823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical cohort study (data collection); expert opinion (recommendation development). OBJECTIVES Treatment options for nonsurgical and surgical management of osteoporotic vertebral body fractures are widely differing. Based on current literature, the knowledge of the experts, and their classification for osteoporotic fractures (OF classification) the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma has now introduced general treatment recommendations. METHODS a total of 707 clinical cases from 16 hospitals were evaluated. An OF classification-based score was developed to guide in the option of nonsurgical versus surgical management. For every classification type, differentiated treatment recommendations were deduced. Diagnostic prerequisites for reproducible treatment recommendations were defined: conventional X-rays with consecutive follow-up images (standing position whenever possible), magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography scan. OF classification allows for upgrading of fracture severity during the course of radiographic follow-up. The actual classification type is decisive for the score. RESULTS A score of less than 6 points advocates nonsurgical management; more than 6 points recommend surgical management. The primary goal of treatment is fast and painless mobilization. Because of expected comorbidities in this age group, minimally invasive procedures are being preferred. As a general rule, stability is more important than motion preservation. It is mandatory to restore the physiological loading capacity of the spine. If the patient was in a compensated unbalanced state at the time of fracture, reconstruction of the individual prefracture sagittal profile is sufficient. Instrumentation technique has to account for compromised bone quality. We recommend the use of cement augmentation or high purchase screws. The particular situations of injuries with neurological impairment; necessity to fuse; multiple level fractures; consecutive and adjacent fractures; fractures in ankylosing spondylitis are being addressed separately. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic recommendations presented here provide a reliable and reproducible basis to decide for treatment choices available. However, intermediate clinical situations remain with a score of 6 points allowing for both nonsurgical and surgical options. As a result, individualized treatment decisions may still be necessary. In the next step, the recommendations presented will be further evaluated in a multicenter controlled clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erol Gercek
- Zentrum für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Frank Hartmann
- Zentrum für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Katscher
- Interdisziplinäres Wirbelsäulenzentrum, Sana Klinikum Borna, Borna, Germany
| | - Sven Mörk
- St. Anna Krankenhaus, Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Germany
| | - Robert Morrison
- Sektion konservative und operative Wirbelsäulentherapie, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Piltz
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Coburg gGmbH, Coburg, Germany
| | - Michael A. Scherer
- Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, HELIOS Amper Klinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany
| | - Bernhard W. Ullrich
- BG Klinikum Bergmannstrost, Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederher-stellungschirurgie, Halle, Germany
| | - Akhil Verheyden
- Klinik für Unfall-Orthopädische und Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Ortenauklinikum Lahr-Ettenheim, Lahr, Germany
| | - Volker Zimmermann
- Zentrum für Hand- und Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Klinikum Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
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Scholz M, Schleicher P, Kandziora F, Badke A, Dreimann M, Gebhard H, Gercek E, Gonschorek O, Hartensuer R, Jarvers JS, Katscher S, Kobbe P, Koepp H, Korge A, Matschke S, Mörk S, Müller C, Osterhoff G, Pécsi F, Pishnamaz M, Reinhold M, Schmeiser G, Schnake K, Schneider K, Spiegl U, Ullrich B. Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Fractures of the Ring of Axis. Z Orthop Unfall 2018; 156:662-671. [DOI: 10.1055/a-0620-9170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn a consensus process with four sessions in 2017, the working group “upper cervical spine” of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (DGOU) formulated “Therapeutic Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Cervical Fractures”, taking their own experience and the current literature into consideration. The following article describes the recommendations for axis ring fractures (traumatic spondylolysis C2). About 19 to 49% of all cervical spine injuries include the axis vertebra. Traumatic spondylolysis of C2 may include potential discoligamentous instability C2/3. The primary aim of the diagnostic process is to detect the injury and to determine potential disco-ligamentous instability C2/3. For classification purposes, the Josten classification or the modified Effendi classification may be used. The Canadian C-spine rule is recommended for clinical screening for C-spine injuries. CT is the preferred imaging modality and an MRI is needed to determine the integrity of the discoligamentous complex C2/3. Conservative treatment is appropriate in case of stable fractures with intact C2/3 motion segment (Josten type 2 and 2). Patients should be closely monitored, in order to detect secondary dislocation as early as possible. Surgical treatment is recommended in cases of primary severe fracture dislocation or discoligamentous instability C2/3 (Josten 3 and 4) and/or secondary fracture dislocation. Anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) C2/3 is the treatment of choice. However, in case of facet joint luxation C2/3 with looked facet (Josten 4), a primary posterior approach may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Scholz
- Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main
| | - Philipp Schleicher
- Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main
| | - Frank Kandziora
- Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main
| | - Andreas Badke
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - Marc Dreimann
- Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Harry Gebhard
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Traumatologie des Bewegungsapparates, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Schweiz
| | - Erol Gercek
- Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz
| | | | - René Hartensuer
- Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster
| | - Jan-Sven Jarvers
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Sebastian Katscher
- Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Sana Kliniken Leipziger Land GmbH, Borna
| | - Philipp Kobbe
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | - Holger Koepp
- Wirbelsäulenzentrum, St. Josefs-Hospital, Wiesbaden
| | - Andreas Korge
- Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Schön Klinik München-Harlaching
| | - Stefan Matschke
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, BG Klinik Ludwigshafen
| | - Sven Mörk
- Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, St. Anna Krankenhaus, Sulzbach-Rosenberg
| | - Christian Müller
- Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)
| | - Georg Osterhoff
- Klinik für Traumatologie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Ferenc Pécsi
- Wirbelsäulenchirurgie/Skoliosezentrum, Schon Klinik Neustadt in Holstein
| | - Miguel Pishnamaz
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | - Maximilian Reinhold
- Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Handchirurgie, Klinikum Südstadt Rostock
| | | | - Klaus Schnake
- Zentrum für Wirbelsäulentherapie, Schön Kliniken, Fürth
| | | | - Ulrich Spiegl
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Bernhard Ullrich
- Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Klinikum Bergmannstrost Halle
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Nyland H, Matre R, Mörk S. Immunological aspects of human gliomas. Acta Neurol Scand 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1981.tb00762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Peterson JW, Bö L, Mörk S, Chang A, Trapp BD. Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 2001; 50:389-400. [PMID: 11558796 DOI: 10.1002/ana.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 966] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that causes motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits. The present study characterized demyelinated lesions in the cerebral cortex of MS patients. One hundred twelve cortical lesions were identified in 110 tissue blocks from 50 MS patients. Three patterns of cortical demyelination were identified: Type I lesions were contiguous with subcortical white matter lesions; Type II lesions were small, confined to the cortex, and often perivascular; Type III lesions extended from the pial surface to cortical layer 3 or 4. Inflammation and neuronal pathology were studied in tissue from 8 and 7 patients, respectively. Compared to white matter lesions, cortical lesions contained 13 times fewer CD3-positive lymphocytes (195 vs 2,596/mm3 of tissue) and 6 times fewer CD68-positive microglia/macrophages (11,948 vs 67,956/mm3 of tissue). Transected neurites (both axons and dendrites) occurred at a density of 4,119/mm3 in active cortical lesions, 1,107/mm3 in chronic active cortical lesions, 25/mm3 in chronic inactive cortical lesions, 8/mm3 in myelinated MS cortex, and 1/mm3 in control cortex. In active and chronic active cortical lesions, activated microglia closely apposed and ensheathed apical dendrites, neurites, and neuronal perikarya. In addition, apoptotic neurons were increased significantly in demyelinated cortex compared to myelinated cortex. These data support the hypothesis that demyelination, axonal transection, dendritic transection, and apoptotic loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex contribute to neurological dysfunction in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Peterson
- Neurosciences Graduate Studies Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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Bjartmar C, Kidd G, Mörk S, Rudick R, Trapp BD. Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2000; 48:893-901. [PMID: 11117546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Axonal degeneration has been proposed as a cause of irreversible neurological disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The purpose of this study was to quantify axonal loss in spinal cord lesions from 5 paralyzed (Expanded Disability Status Scale score > or =7.5) MS patients and to determine if axonal number or volume correlated with levels of the neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate (NAA). Axonal loss in MS lesions ranged from 45 to 84% and averaged 68%. NAA levels were significantly reduced (>50%) in cross sections of spinal cords containing MS lesions. Reduced NAA correlated with reduced axonal numbers within lesion areas. In addition, NAA levels per axonal volume were significantly reduced in demyelinated axons (42%) and in myelinated axons in normal-appearing white matter (30%). The data support axonal loss as a major cause of irreversible neurological disability in paralyzed MS patients and indicate that reduced NAA as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy can reflect axonal loss and reduced NAA levels in demyelinated and myelinated axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bjartmar
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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Shoshan Y, Nishiyama A, Chang A, Mörk S, Barnett GH, Cowell JK, Trapp BD, Staugaitis SM. Expression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell antigens by gliomas: implications for the histogenesis of brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:10361-6. [PMID: 10468613 PMCID: PMC17893 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The early events in neoplastic transformation can be understood only by comparison of the neoplastic cell with its nontransformed counterpart. The most common central nervous system gliomas traditionally are thought to arise from mature astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. We examined the possibility that gliomas arise from a population of glia that has properties of oligodendrocyte progenitors. These glial cells express the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and the alpha receptor of platelet-derived growth factor in vivo. We identified NG2 and the alpha receptor of platelet-derived growth factor expression in tissue from seven of seven oligodendrogliomas, three of three pilocytic astrocytomas, and one of five glioblastoma multiforme. These data provide evidence that glial tumors arise from glial progenitor cells. Molecules expressed by these progenitor cells should be considered as targets for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shoshan
- Department of Neurosciences, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The primary pathological target in multiple sclerosis is myelin. Most MS patients follow a relapsing-remitting (RR-MS) course for 10 to 15 years that transforms into a chronic or secondary progressive disease (SP-MS). This review summarizes studies from our laboratory that implicate activated microglia and astrocytes in early stages of myelin destruction in MS brain. In addition, we review evidence that indicates that axonal transection is a major pathological process in multiple sclerosis. Our data support the hypothesis that neurological disability in RR-MS is due to inflammatory demyelination while axonal loss plays a significant role in the irreversible neurological decline in SP-MS. Further elucidation of the pathological targets and pathological mechanisms of tissue destruction in MS brain will help identify new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is the most common cause of neurologic disability in young adults. Despite antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive therapy, most patients have progressive neurologic deterioration that may reflect axonal loss. We conducted pathological studies of brain tissues to define the changes in axons in patients with multiple sclerosis. METHODS Brain tissue was obtained at autopsy from 11 patients with multiple sclerosis and 4 subjects without brain disease. Fourteen active multiple-sclerosis lesions, 33 chronic active lesions, and samples of normal-appearing white matter were examined for demyelination, inflammation, and axonal pathologic changes by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Axonal transection, identified by the presence of terminal axonal ovoids, was detected in all 47 lesions and quantified in 18 lesions. RESULTS Transected axons were a consistent feature of the lesions of multiple sclerosis, and their frequency was related to the degree of inflammation within the lesion. The number of transected axons per cubic millimeter of tissue averaged 11,236 in active lesions, 3138 at the hypocellular edges of chronic active lesions, 875 in the hypocellular centers of chronic active lesions, and less than 1 in normal-appearing white matter from the control brains. CONCLUSIONS Transected axons are common in the lesions of multiple sclerosis, and axonal transection may be the pathologic correlate of the irreversible neurologic impairment in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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Bö L, Dawson TM, Wesselingh S, Mörk S, Choi S, Kong PA, Hanley D, Trapp BD. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in demyelinating regions of multiple sclerosis brains. Ann Neurol 1994; 36:778-86. [PMID: 7526776 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410360515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The amount of messenger RNA encoding human inducible nitric oxide synthase and the presence and distribution of NADPH diaphorase were determined in tissue sections from multiple sclerosis (MS) and control brains. Levels of human nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA were markedly elevated in MS brains when compared to normal control brains. NADPH diaphorase activity, a histochemical stain reflecting nitric oxide synthase catalytic activity, was detected in reactive astrocytes in active demyelinating MS lesions and at the edge of chronic active demyelinating lesions. Control brains did not contain NADPH diaphorase-positive astrocytes. These results implicate the free radical nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of demyelinating MS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bö
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Bö L, Mörk S, Kong PA, Nyland H, Pardo CA, Trapp BD. Detection of MHC class II-antigens on macrophages and microglia, but not on astrocytes and endothelia in active multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuroimmunol 1994; 51:135-46. [PMID: 8182113 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(94)90075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissue sections of brains from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and from control individuals were immunostained with MHC class II and glial or vascular endothelial cell antibodies and analyzed by confocal microscopy. MHC class II was abundant in and around actively demyelinating MS lesions and was detected on microglia, phagocytic macrophages, and perivascular macrophages. Astrocytes and vascular endothelial cells were MHC class II-negative. Changes in the size and shape of MHC class II-positive cells associated with MS lesions suggest that microglia transform into phagocytic macrophages, and that they are actively involved in demyelination. Many MHC class II-positive perivascular macrophages within MS lesions contained abundant intracellular MHC class II immunoreactivity; these cells may be involved in antigen presentation and in T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bö
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Morild I, Bang G, Mörk S. Hemangiopericytic meningioma with extracranial spread to multiple sites without intracranial recurrence. Clin Neuropathol 1984; 3:128-30. [PMID: 6565538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This report describes a hemangiopericytic meningioma with extracranial metastases in a 46-year-old man. Metastases developed in his right femur 2 1/2 and 4 1/2 years post operation; he received radiotherapy both times. Now 5 years after the primary operation the patient is alive but shows signs of a subcutaneous tumor in the area of the right posterior iliac crest, most likely metastatic tumor tissue. The case is discussed with special attention paid to the path tumor spread.
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Abstract
A patient with cerebral Schistosoma mansoni schistosomiasis is described. The infection presented as a cerebral tumor, and the patient did not have the usual hepatic or intestinal symptoms of this disease. The computed tomography (CT) findings in histologically proven cerebral schistosomiasis are reported. The pathological CT findings developed at a late stage of the disease, and the CT scans were normal at a time when the EEG recordings were pathological.
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Abstract
The mononuclear cell infiltrates in autopsy material from brains and spinal cords of six patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were characterized in situ. Receptors for sheep erythrocytes and anti-T lymphocyte serum were used to identify T lymphocytes. Receptors for the activated third components of complement and for the Fc-portion of IgG (Fc gamma receptors) were used as markers for macrophages and lymphocytes. In acute and recent MS lesions, perivascular infiltrates of mononuclear cells were commonly found. Most cells were T lymphocytes. Some B lymphocytes were also demonstrated. The demyelinating lesions contained large numbers of lipid macrophages expressing Fc gamma receptors. The lipid macrophages are probably derived from microglial cells. The chronic, demyelinated lesions contain a few mononuclear cells, mainly B lymphocytes and plasma cells.
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