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Oelmann JH, Guth L, Heldt T, Griesbach N, Hector R, Lackmann N, Nauta J, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. Closed-cycle noble gas recycling system for high-repetition rate high-harmonic generation. Rev Sci Instrum 2024; 95:035115. [PMID: 38477653 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
We present a compact closed-loop recycling system for noble and inert gases. It has been developed for an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) frequency comb based on high-harmonic generation at 100 MHz repetition rate. The system collects gas injected at several bars of backing pressure through a micrometer-sized nozzle into the laser-interaction region with a differential pumping system comprising turbomolecular pumps, and subsequently compresses the gas to a pressure of up to 200 bar. By drastically reducing the waste of expensive gases such as xenon and krypton, it enables the long operation times needed for spectroscopic measurements, as well as for continuous operation of the XUV frequency comb.
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2
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Guillemin R, Inhester L, Ilchen M, Mazza T, Boll R, Weber T, Eckart S, Grychtol P, Rennhack N, Marchenko T, Velasquez N, Travnikova O, Ismail I, Niskanen J, Kukk E, Trinter F, Gisselbrecht M, Feifel R, Sansone G, Rolles D, Martins M, Meyer M, Simon M, Santra R, Pfeifer T, Jahnke T, Piancastelli MN. Isotope effects in dynamics of water isotopologues induced by core ionization at an x-ray free-electron laser. Struct Dyn 2023; 10:054302. [PMID: 37799711 PMCID: PMC10550338 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical response of water exposed to x-rays is of utmost importance in a wealth of science areas. We exposed isolated water isotopologues to short x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser and detected momenta of all produced ions in coincidence. By combining experimental results and theoretical modeling, we identify significant structural dynamics with characteristic isotope effects in H2O2+, D2O2+, and HDO2+, such as asymmetric bond elongation and bond-angle opening, leading to two-body or three-body fragmentation on a timescale of a few femtoseconds. A method to disentangle the sequences of events taking place upon the consecutive absorption of two x-ray photons is described. The obtained deep look into structural properties and dynamics of dissociating water isotopologues provides essential insights into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Guillemin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L. Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - T. Mazza
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - R. Boll
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Th. Weber
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - T. Marchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - N. Velasquez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - O. Travnikova
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - I. Ismail
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J. Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - E. Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - R. Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G. Sansone
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - D. Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M. Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Meyer
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M. Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Jahnke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. N. Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Ertel D, Schmoll M, Kellerer S, Jäger A, Weissenbilder R, Moioli M, Ahmadi H, Busto D, Makos I, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Schröter CD, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Sansone G. Ultrastable, high-repetition-rate attosecond beamline for time-resolved XUV-IR coincidence spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:073001. [PMID: 37404094 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of attosecond photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy for the investigation of atomic and molecular dynamics calls for a high-repetition-rate driving source combined with experimental setups characterized by excellent stability for data acquisition over time intervals ranging from a few hours up to a few days. This requirement is crucial for the investigation of processes characterized by low cross sections and for the characterization of fully differential photoelectron(s) and photoion(s) angular and energy distributions. We demonstrate that the implementation of industrial-grade lasers, combined with a careful design of the delay line implemented in the pump-probe setup, allows one to reach ultrastable experimental conditions leading to an error in the estimation of the time delays of only 12 as over an acquisition time of 6.5 h. This result opens up new possibilities for the investigation of attosecond dynamics in simple quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ertel
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Schmoll
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Kellerer
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Jäger
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Weissenbilder
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Moioli
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Ahmadi
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - D Busto
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - I Makos
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Frassetto
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Poletto
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - C D Schröter
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, 67119 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, 67119 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, 67119 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Sansone
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Oelmann JH, Heldt T, Guth L, Nauta J, Lackmann N, Wössner V, Kokh S, Pfeifer T, López-Urrutia JRC. Photoelectron tomography with an intra-cavity velocity-map imaging spectrometer at 100 MHz repetition rate. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:123303. [PMID: 36586896 DOI: 10.1063/5.0104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact velocity-map imaging (VMI) spectrometer for photoelectron imaging at 100 MHz repetition rate. Ultrashort pulses from a near-infrared frequency comb laser are amplified in a polarization-insensitive passive femtosecond enhancement cavity. In the focus, multi-photon ionization (MPI) of gas-phase atoms is studied tomographically by rotating the laser polarization. We demonstrate the functioning of the VMI spectrometer by reconstructing photoelectron angular momentum distributions from xenon MPI. Our intra-cavity VMI setup collects electron energy spectra at high rates, with the advantage of transferring the coherence of the cavity-stabilized femtosecond pulses to the electrons. In addition, the setup will allow studies of strong-field effects in nanometric tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Oelmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Heldt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Guth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nauta
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Lackmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Wössner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kokh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Stierhof J, Kühn S, Winter M, Micke P, Steinbrügge R, Shah C, Hell N, Bissinger M, Hirsch M, Ballhausen R, Lang M, Gräfe C, Wipf S, Cumbee R, Betancourt-Martinez GL, Park S, Niskanen J, Chung M, Porter FS, Stöhlker T, Pfeifer T, Brown GV, Bernitt S, Hansmann P, Wilms J, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Leutenegger MA. A new benchmark of soft X-ray transition energies of Ne , CO 2 , and SF 6 : paving a pathway towards ppm accuracy. Eur Phys J D At Mol Opt Phys 2022; 76:38. [PMID: 35273463 PMCID: PMC8888507 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A key requirement for the correct interpretation of high-resolution X-ray spectra is that transition energies are known with high accuracy and precision. We investigate the K-shell features of Ne , CO 2 , and SF 6 gases, by measuring their photo ion-yield spectra at the BESSY II synchrotron facility simultaneously with the 1s-np fluorescence emission of He-like ions produced in the Polar-X EBIT. Accurate ab initio calculations of transitions in these ions provide the basis of the calibration. While the CO 2 result agrees well with previous measurements, the SF 6 spectrum appears shifted by ∼ 0.5 eV, about twice the uncertainty of the earlier results. Our result for Ne shows a large departure from earlier results, but may suffer from larger systematic effects than our other measurements. The molecular spectra agree well with our results of time-dependent density functional theory. We find that the statistical uncertainty allows calibrations in the desired range of 1-10 meV, however, systematic contributions still limit the uncertainty to ∼ 40-100 meV, mainly due to the temporal stability of the monochromator energy scale. Combining our absolute calibration technique with a relative energy calibration technique such as photoelectron energy spectroscopy will be necessary to realize its full potential of achieving uncertainties as low as 1-10 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Stierhof
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S. Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Winter
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P. Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - R. Steinbrügge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Shah
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - N. Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - M. Bissinger
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M. Hirsch
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - R. Ballhausen
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M. Lang
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C. Gräfe
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S. Wipf
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R. Cumbee
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - G. L. Betancourt-Martinez
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9, avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S. Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J. Niskanen
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - F. S. Porter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - T. Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. V. Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - S. Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - P. Hansmann
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J. Wilms
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | | | - M. A. Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
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6
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Schotsch F, Zebergs I, Augustin S, Lindenblatt H, Hoibl L, Djendjur D, Schroeter CD, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R. TrapREMI: A reaction microscope inside an electrostatic ion beam trap. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:123201. [PMID: 34972421 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new experimental setup has been developed to investigate the reactions of molecular ions and charged clusters with a variety of projectile beams. An Electrostatic Ion Beam Trap (EIBT) stores fast ions at keV energies in an oscillatory motion. By crossing it with a projectile beam, e.g., an IR laser, molecular reactions can be induced. We implemented a Reaction Microscope (REMI) in the field-free region of the EIBT to perform coincidence spectroscopy on the resulting reaction products. In contrast to prior experiments, this unique combination of techniques allows us to measure the 3D momentum-vectors of ions, electrons, and neutrals as reaction products in coincidence. At the same time, the EIBT allows for advanced target preparation techniques, e.g., relaxation of hot molecules during storage times of up to seconds, autoresonance cooling, and recycling of target species, which are difficult to prepare. Otherwise, the TrapREMI setup can be connected to a variety of projectile sources, e.g., atomic gas jets, large-scale radiation facilities, and ultrashort laser pulses, which enable even time-resolved studies. Here, we describe the setup and a first photodissociation experiment on H2 +, which demonstrates the ion-neutral coincidence detection in the TrapREMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schotsch
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - I Zebergs
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - S Augustin
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - H Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - L Hoibl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - D Djendjur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - C D Schroeter
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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7
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Kurz N, Fischer D, Pfeifer T, Dorn A. Reaction microscope for investigating ionization dynamics of weakly bound alkali dimers. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:123202. [PMID: 34972432 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the implementation of a far-off-resonant, optical dipole force trap in a reaction microscope combined with a magneto-optical trap. Kinematically complete multi-photon ionization experiments were performed on optically trapped 6Li atoms and photo-associated 6Li2 molecules in their highest vibrational state. The apparatus allows us to distinguish different ionization mechanisms related to the presence of the IR field of the optical dipole trap that can occur during ionization of 6Li and 6Li2 in strong fields. In a series of proof-of-principle experiments, we detect weakly bound dimers via three-photon ionization with femtosecond pulses (τ = 30 fs) at a central wavelength of 780 nm and measure directly the momenta of the photoelectrons in coincidence with recoil ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kurz
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Fischer
- Physics Department and LAMOR, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Dorn
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Stark J, Warnecke C, Bogen S, Chen S, Dijck EA, Kühn S, Rosner MK, Graf A, Nauta J, Oelmann JH, Schmöger L, Schwarz M, Liebert D, Spieß LJ, King SA, Leopold T, Micke P, Schmidt PO, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. An ultralow-noise superconducting radio-frequency ion trap for frequency metrology with highly charged ions. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:083203. [PMID: 34470420 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel ultrastable superconducting radio-frequency (RF) ion trap realized as a combination of an RF cavity and a linear Paul trap. Its RF quadrupole mode at 34.52 MHz reaches a quality factor of Q ≈ 2.3 × 105 at a temperature of 4.1 K and is used to radially confine ions in an ultralow-noise pseudopotential. This concept is expected to strongly suppress motional heating rates and related frequency shifts that limit the ultimate accuracy achieved in advanced ion traps for frequency metrology. Running with its low-vibration cryogenic cooling system, electron-beam ion trap, and deceleration beamline supplying highly charged ions (HCIs), the superconducting trap offers ideal conditions for optical frequency metrology with ionic species. We report its proof-of-principle operation as a quadrupole-mass filter with HCIs and trapping of Doppler-cooled 9Be+ Coulomb crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stark
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Warnecke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Bogen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E A Dijck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M K Rosner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Graf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nauta
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-H Oelmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Schmöger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Liebert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L J Spieß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A King
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Leopold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Belsa B, Amini K, Liu X, Sanchez A, Steinle T, Steinmetzer J, Le AT, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Ullrich J, Moszynski R, Lin CD, Gräfe S, Biegert J. Erratum: Publisher's Note: "Laser-induced electron diffraction of the ultrafast umbrella motion in ammonia" [Struct. Dyn. 8, 014301 (2021)]. Struct Dyn 2021; 8:049901. [PMID: 34497865 PMCID: PMC8410134 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1063/4.0000046.].
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Belsa
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - X. Liu
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Sanchez
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Steinle
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Steinmetzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A. T. Le
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - R. Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - R. Moszynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C. D. Lin
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA
| | - S. Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J. Biegert
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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10
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Sanchez A, Amini K, Wang SJ, Steinle T, Belsa B, Danek J, Le AT, Liu X, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Richter M, Ullrich J, Gräfe S, Lin CD, Biegert J. Molecular structure retrieval directly from laboratory-frame photoelectron spectra in laser-induced electron diffraction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1520. [PMID: 33750798 PMCID: PMC7943781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous to most molecular scattering methods is the challenge to retrieve bond distance and angle from the scattering signals since this requires convergence of pattern matching algorithms or fitting methods. This problem is typically exacerbated when imaging larger molecules or for dynamic systems with little a priori knowledge. Here, we employ laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED) which is a powerful means to determine the precise atomic configuration of an isolated gas-phase molecule with picometre spatial and attosecond temporal precision. We introduce a simple molecular retrieval method, which is based only on the identification of critical points in the oscillating molecular interference scattering signal that is extracted directly from the laboratory-frame photoelectron spectrum. The method is compared with a Fourier-based retrieval method, and we show that both methods correctly retrieve the asymmetrically stretched and bent field-dressed configuration of the asymmetric top molecule carbonyl sulfide (OCS), which is confirmed by our quantum-classical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sanchez
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Amini
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S-J Wang
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - T Steinle
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Belsa
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Danek
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - A T Le
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - X Liu
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - C D Lin
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J Biegert
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Nauta J, Oelmann JH, Borodin A, Ackermann A, Knauer P, Muhammad IS, Pappenberger R, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. XUV frequency comb production with an astigmatism-compensated enhancement cavity. Opt Express 2021; 29:2624-2636. [PMID: 33726454 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) frequency comb for performing ultra-high precision spectroscopy on the many XUV transitions found in highly charged ions (HCI). Femtosecond pulses from a 100 MHz phase-stabilized near-infrared frequency comb are amplified and then fed into a femtosecond enhancement cavity (fsEC) inside an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The low-dispersion fsEC coherently superposes several hundred incident pulses and, with a single cylindrical optical element, fully compensates astigmatism at the w0 = 15 µm waist cavity focus. With a gas jet installed there, intensities reaching ∼ 1014 W/cm2 generate coherent high harmonics with a comb spectrum at 100 MHz rate. We couple out of the fsEC harmonics from the 7th up to the 35th (42 eV; 30 nm) to be used in upcoming experiments on HCI frequency metrology.
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12
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Belsa B, Amini K, Liu X, Sanchez A, Steinle T, Steinmetzer J, Le AT, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Ullrich J, Moszynski R, Lin CD, Gräfe S, Biegert J. Laser-induced electron diffraction of the ultrafast umbrella motion in ammonia. Struct Dyn 2021; 8:014301. [PMID: 34026922 PMCID: PMC8121549 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing molecular transformations in real-time requires a structural retrieval method with Ångström spatial and femtosecond temporal atomic resolution. Imaging of hydrogen-containing molecules additionally requires an imaging method sensitive to the atomic positions of hydrogen nuclei, with most methods possessing relatively low sensitivity to hydrogen scattering. Laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED) is a table-top technique that can image ultrafast structural changes of gas-phase polyatomic molecules with sub-Ångström and femtosecond spatiotemporal resolution together with relatively high sensitivity to hydrogen scattering. Here, we image the umbrella motion of an isolated ammonia molecule (NH3) following its strong-field ionization. Upon ionization of a neutral ammonia molecule, the ammonia cation (NH3 +) undergoes an ultrafast geometrical transformation from a pyramidal ( Φ HNH = 107 ° ) to planar ( Φ HNH = 120 ° ) structure in approximately 8 femtoseconds. Using LIED, we retrieve a near-planar ( Φ HNH = 117 ± 5 ° ) field-dressed NH3 + molecular structure 7.8 - 9.8 femtoseconds after ionization. Our measured field-dressed NH3 + structure is in excellent agreement with our calculated equilibrium field-dressed structure using quantum chemical ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Belsa
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - X. Liu
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Sanchez
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Steinle
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Steinmetzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A. T. Le
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - R. Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - R. Moszynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C. D. Lin
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA
| | - S. Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J. Biegert
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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13
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Leutenegger MA, Kühn S, Micke P, Steinbrügge R, Stierhof J, Shah C, Hell N, Bissinger M, Hirsch M, Ballhausen R, Lang M, Gräfe C, Wipf S, Cumbee R, Betancourt-Martinez GL, Park S, Yerokhin VA, Surzhykov A, Stolte WC, Niskanen J, Chung M, Porter FS, Stöhlker T, Pfeifer T, Wilms J, Brown GV, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Bernitt S. High-Precision Determination of Oxygen K_{α} Transition Energy Excludes Incongruent Motion of Interstellar Oxygen. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:243001. [PMID: 33412031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a widely applicable technique to absolutely calibrate the energy scale of x-ray spectra with experimentally well-known and accurately calculable transitions of highly charged ions, allowing us to measure the K-shell Rydberg spectrum of molecular O_{2} with 8 meV uncertainty. We reveal a systematic ∼450 meV shift from previous literature values, and settle an extraordinary discrepancy between astrophysical and laboratory measurements of neutral atomic oxygen, the latter being calibrated against the aforementioned O_{2} literature values. Because of the widespread use of such, now deprecated, references, our method impacts on many branches of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, it potentially reduces absolute uncertainties there to below the meV level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Steinbrügge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Stierhof
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C Shah
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Bissinger
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Hirsch
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - R Ballhausen
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M Lang
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C Gräfe
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S Wipf
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R Cumbee
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G L Betancourt-Martinez
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9, avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - V A Yerokhin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Surzhykov
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W C Stolte
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Niskanen
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - M Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - F S Porter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Wilms
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - G V Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | - S Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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14
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Nauta J, Oelmann JH, Ackermann A, Knauer P, Pappenberger R, Borodin A, Muhammad IS, Ledwa H, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. 100 MHz frequency comb for low-intensity multi-photon studies: intra-cavity velocity-map imaging of xenon. Opt Lett 2020; 45:2156-2159. [PMID: 32287180 DOI: 10.1364/ol.389327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We raise the power from a commercial 10 W frequency comb inside an enhancement cavity and perform multi-photon ionization of gas-phase atoms at 100 MHz for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. An intra-cavity velocity-map-imaging setup collects electron-energy spectra of xenon at rates several orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional laser systems. Consequently, we can use much lower intensities ${\sim}{{10}^{12}} \;{\rm W}/{{\rm cm}^2} $∼1012W/cm2 without increasing acquisition times above just a few seconds. The high rate and coherence of the stabilized femtosecond pulses are known to be transferred to the actively stabilized cavity and will allow studying purely perturbative multi-photon effects, paving the road towards a new field of precision tests in nonlinear physics.
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15
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Ben Ltaief L, Shcherbinin M, Mandal S, Krishnan SR, Richter R, Pfeifer T, Bauer M, Ghosh A, Mudrich M, Gokhberg K, LaForge AC. Electron transfer mediated decay of alkali dimers attached to He nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8557-8564. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Double ionization of alkali dimers attached to He nanodroplets by electron transfer mediated decay (ETMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Ben Ltaief
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - M. Shcherbinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - S. Mandal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - S. R. Krishnan
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - R. Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste
- 34149 Basovizza
- Italy
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- 69117 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - M. Bauer
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - A. Ghosh
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - M. Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
| | - K. Gokhberg
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - A. C. LaForge
- Department of Physics
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
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16
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Ben Ltaief L, Shcherbinin M, Mandal S, Krishnan SR, LaForge AC, Richter R, Turchini S, Zema N, Pfeifer T, Fasshauer E, Sisourat N, Mudrich M. Charge Exchange Dominates Long-Range Interatomic Coulombic Decay of Excited Metal-Doped Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6904-6909. [PMID: 31625747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atoms and molecules attached to rare-gas clusters are ionized by an interatomic autoionization process traditionally termed "Penning ionization" when the host cluster is resonantly excited. Here we analyze this process in the light of the interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) mechanism, which usually contains a contribution from charge exchange at a short interatomic distance and one from virtual photon transfer at a large interatomic distance. For helium (He) nanodroplets doped with alkali metal atoms (Li, Rb), we show that long-range and short-range contributions to the interatomic autoionization can be clearly distinguished by detecting electrons and ions in coincidence. Surprisingly, ab initio calculations show that even for alkali metal atoms floating in dimples at a large distance from the nanodroplet surface, autoionization is largely dominated by charge-exchange ICD. Furthermore, the measured electron spectra manifest the ultrafast internal relaxation of the droplet mainly into the 1s2s1S state and partially into the metastable 1s2s3S state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ben Ltaief
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - M Shcherbinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - S Mandal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune 411008 , India
| | - S R Krishnan
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology , Madras, Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - A C LaForge
- Department of Physics , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , Basovizza, 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - S Turchini
- Istituto Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - N Zema
- Istituto Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - E Fasshauer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - N Sisourat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS , Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614 , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
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17
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Micke P, Stark J, King SA, Leopold T, Pfeifer T, Schmöger L, Schwarz M, Spieß LJ, Schmidt PO, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. Closed-cycle, low-vibration 4 K cryostat for ion traps and other applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:065104. [PMID: 31254988 DOI: 10.1063/1.5088593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In vacuo cryogenic environments are ideal for applications requiring both low temperatures and extremely low particle densities. This enables reaching long storage and coherence times, for example, in ion traps, essential requirements for experiments with highly charged ions, quantum computation, and optical clocks. We have developed a novel cryostat continuously refrigerated with a pulse-tube cryocooler and providing the lowest vibration level reported for such a closed-cycle system with 1 W cooling power for a <5 K experiment. A decoupling system suppresses vibrations from the cryocooler by three orders of magnitude down to a level of 10 nm peak amplitudes in the horizontal plane. Heat loads of about 40 W (at 45 K) and 1 W (at 4 K) are transferred from an experimental chamber, mounted on an optical table, to the cryocooler through a vacuum-insulated massive 120 kg inertial copper pendulum. The 1.4 m long pendulum allows installation of the cryocooler in a separate, acoustically isolated machine room. At the experimental chamber, we measured the residual vibrations using an interferometric setup. The positioning of the 4 K elements is reproduced to better than a few micrometer after a full thermal cycle to room temperature. Extreme high vacuum on the 10-15 mbar level is achieved. In collaboration with the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, such a setup is now in operation at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt for a next-generation optical clock experiment using highly charged ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Stark
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A King
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Leopold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Schmöger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L J Spieß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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18
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Shcherbinin M, Westergaard FV, Hanif M, Krishnan SR, LaForge AC, Richter R, Pfeifer T, Mudrich M. Inelastic scattering of photoelectrons from He nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:044304. [PMID: 30709284 DOI: 10.1063/1.5074130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a detailed study of inelastic energy-loss collisions of photoelectrons emitted from He nanodroplets by tunable extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation. Using coincidence imaging detection of electrons and ions, we probe the lowest He droplet excited states up to the electron impact ionization threshold. We find significant signal contributions from photoelectrons emitted from free He atoms accompanying the He nanodroplet beam. Furthermore, signal contributions from photoionization and electron impact excitation/ionization occurring in pairs of nearest-neighbor atoms in the He droplets are detected. This work highlights the importance of inelastic electron scattering in the interaction of nanoparticles with XUV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shcherbinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Vad Westergaard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Hanif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S R Krishnan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - A C LaForge
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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19
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Stooß V, Cavaletto SM, Donsa S, Blättermann A, Birk P, Keitel CH, Březinová I, Burgdörfer J, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Real-Time Reconstruction of the Strong-Field-Driven Dipole Response. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:173005. [PMID: 30411962 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.173005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The reconstruction of the full temporal dipole response of a strongly driven time-dependent system from a single absorption spectrum is demonstrated, only requiring that a sufficiently short pulse is employed to initialize the coherent excitation of the system. We apply this finding to the time-domain observation of Rabi cycling between doubly excited atomic states in the few-femtosecond regime. This allows us to pinpoint the breakdown of few-level quantum dynamics at the critical laser intensity near 2 TW/cm^{2} in doubly excited helium. The present approach unlocks single-shot real-time-resolved signal reconstruction across timescales down to attoseconds for nonequilibrium states of matter. In contrast to conventional pump-probe schemes, there is no need for scanning time delays in order to access real-time information. The potential future applications of this technique range from testing fundamental quantum dynamics in strong fields to measuring and controlling ultrafast chemical and biological reaction processes when applied to traditional transient-absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - S M Cavaletto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - S Donsa
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - A Blättermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - P Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - C H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - I Březinová
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - J Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - C Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
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20
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Micke P, Kühn S, Buchauer L, Harries JR, Bücking TM, Blaum K, Cieluch A, Egl A, Hollain D, Kraemer S, Pfeifer T, Schmidt PO, Schüssler RX, Schweiger C, Stöhlker T, Sturm S, Wolf RN, Bernitt S, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. The Heidelberg compact electron beam ion traps. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:063109. [PMID: 29960545 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam ion traps (EBITs) are ideal tools for both production and study of highly charged ions (HCIs). In order to reduce their construction, maintenance, and operation costs, we have developed a novel, compact, room-temperature design, the Heidelberg Compact EBIT (HC-EBIT). Four already commissioned devices operate at the strongest fields (up to 0.86 T) reported for such EBITs using permanent magnets, run electron beam currents up to 80 mA, and energies up to 10 keV. They demonstrate HCI production, trapping, and extraction of pulsed Ar16+ bunches and continuous 100 pA ion beams of highly charged Xe up to charge state 29+, already with a 4 mA, 2 keV electron beam. Moreover, HC-EBITs offer large solid-angle ports and thus high photon count rates, e.g., in x-ray spectroscopy of dielectronic recombination in HCIs up to Fe24+, achieving an electron-energy resolving power of E/ΔE > 1500 at 5 keV. Besides traditional on-axis electron guns, we have also implemented a novel off-axis gun for laser, synchrotron, and free-electron laser applications, offering clear optical access along the trap axis. We report on its first operation at a synchrotron radiation facility demonstrating the resonant photoexcitation of highly charged oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Buchauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J R Harries
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, SPring-8, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - T M Bücking
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Cieluch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Egl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hollain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kraemer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R X Schüssler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ch Schweiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Stöhlker
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R N Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Blessenohl MA, Dobrodey S, Warnecke C, Rosner MK, Graham L, Paul S, Baumann TM, Hockenbery Z, Hubele R, Pfeifer T, Ames F, Dilling J, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. An electron beam ion trap and source for re-acceleration of rare-isotope ion beams at TRIUMF. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:052401. [PMID: 29864823 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam driven ionization can produce highly charged ions (HCIs) in a few well-defined charge states. Ideal conditions for this are maximally focused electron beams and an extremely clean vacuum environment. A cryogenic electron beam ion trap fulfills these prerequisites and delivers very pure HCI beams. The Canadian rare isotope facility with electron beam ion source-electron beam ion sources developed at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK) reaches already for a 5 keV electron beam and a current of 1 A with a density in excess of 5000 A/cm2 by means of a 6 T axial magnetic field. Within the trap, the beam quickly generates a dense HCI population, tightly confined by a space-charge potential of the order of 1 keV times the ionic charge state. Emitting HCI bunches of ≈107 ions at up to 100 Hz repetition rate, the device will charge-breed rare-isotope beams with the mass-over-charge ratio required for re-acceleration at the Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory (ARIEL) facility at TRIUMF. We present here its design and results from commissioning runs at MPIK, including X-ray diagnostics of the electron beam and charge-breeding process, as well as ion injection and HCI-extraction measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Blessenohl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Dobrodey
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Warnecke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M K Rosner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Graham
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Paul
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T M Baumann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Z Hockenbery
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Hubele
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Ames
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
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22
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Heeg KP, Kaldun A, Strohm C, Reiser P, Ott C, Subramanian R, Lentrodt D, Haber J, Wille HC, Goerttler S, Rüffer R, Keitel CH, Röhlsberger R, Pfeifer T, Evers J. Spectral narrowing of x-ray pulses for precision spectroscopy with nuclear resonances. Science 2017; 357:375-378. [PMID: 28751603 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Heeg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Kaldun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Strohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Reiser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Subramanian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Lentrodt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Haber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H.-C. Wille
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Goerttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Rüffer
- ESRF–European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - C. H. Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Evers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Kaldun A, Blättermann A, Stooß V, Donsa S, Wei H, Pazourek R, Nagele S, Ott C, Lin CD, Burgdörfer J, Pfeifer T. Observing the ultrafast buildup of a Fano resonance in the time domain. Science 2017; 354:738-741. [PMID: 27846603 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although the time-dependent buildup of asymmetric Fano line shapes in absorption spectra has been of great theoretical interest in the past decade, experimental verification of the predictions has been elusive. Here, we report the experimental observation of the emergence of a Fano resonance in the prototype system of helium by interrupting the autoionization process of a correlated two-electron excited state with a strong laser field. The tunable temporal gate between excitation and termination of the resonance allows us to follow the formation of a Fano line shape in time. The agreement with ab initio calculations validates our experimental time-gating technique for addressing an even broader range of topics, such as the emergence of electron correlation, the onset of electron-internuclear coupling, and quasi-particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaldun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Blättermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Donsa
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - H Wei
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 230 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - R Pazourek
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Nagele
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C D Lin
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 230 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - J Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. .,Center for Quantum Dynamics, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
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24
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Wolter B, Pullen MG, Le AT, Baudisch M, Doblhoff-Dier K, Senftleben A, Hemmer M, Schröter CD, Ullrich J, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Gräfe S, Vendrell O, Lin CD, Biegert J. Ultrafast electron diffraction imaging of bond breaking in di-ionized acetylene. Science 2017; 354:308-312. [PMID: 27846561 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing chemical reactions as they occur requires atomic spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution. Here, we report imaging of the molecular structure of acetylene (C2H2) 9 femtoseconds after ionization. Using mid-infrared laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED), we obtained snapshots as a proton departs the [C2H2]2+ ion. By introducing an additional laser field, we also demonstrate control over the ultrafast dissociation process and resolve different bond dynamics for molecules oriented parallel versus perpendicular to the LIED field. These measurements are in excellent agreement with a quantum chemical description of field-dressed molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wolter
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M G Pullen
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A-T Le
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-2604, USA
| | - M Baudisch
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Doblhoff-Dier
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A Senftleben
- Universität Kassel, Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - M Hemmer
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C D Schröter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Gräfe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - O Vendrell
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C D Lin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-2604, USA
| | - J Biegert
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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LaForge AC, Stumpf V, Gokhberg K, von Vangerow J, Stienkemeier F, Kryzhevoi NV, O'Keeffe P, Ciavardini A, Krishnan SR, Coreno M, Prince KC, Richter R, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Cederbaum LS, Mudrich M. Enhanced Ionization of Embedded Clusters by Electron-Transfer-Mediated Decay in Helium Nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:203001. [PMID: 27258866 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of electron-transfer-mediated decay (ETMD) involving magnesium (Mg) clusters embedded in helium (He) nanodroplets. ETMD is initiated by the ionization of He followed by removal of two electrons from the Mg clusters of which one is transferred to the He ion while the other electron is emitted into the continuum. The process is shown to be the dominant ionization mechanism for embedded clusters for photon energies above the ionization potential of He. For Mg clusters larger than five atoms we observe stable doubly ionized clusters. Thus, ETMD provides an efficient pathway to the formation of doubly ionized cold species in doped nanodroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C LaForge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - V Stumpf
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Gokhberg
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J von Vangerow
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - N V Kryzhevoi
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CP10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - A Ciavardini
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CP10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - S R Krishnan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CP10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L S Cederbaum
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Schmöger L, Schwarz M, Baumann TM, Versolato OO, Piest B, Pfeifer T, Ullrich J, Schmidt PO, López-Urrutia JRC. Deceleration, precooling, and multi-pass stopping of highly charged ions in Be⁺ Coulomb crystals. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:103111. [PMID: 26520944 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Preparing highly charged ions (HCIs) in a cold and strongly localized state is of particular interest for frequency metrology and tests of possible spatial and temporal variations of the fine structure constant. Our versatile preparation technique is based on the generic modular combination of a pulsed ion source with a cryogenic linear Paul trap. Both instruments are connected by a compact beamline with deceleration and precooling properties. We present its design and commissioning experiments regarding these two functionalities. A pulsed buncher tube allows for the deceleration and longitudinal phase-space compression of the ion pulses. External injection of slow HCIs, specifically Ar(13+), into the linear Paul trap and their subsequent retrapping in the absence of sympathetic cooling is demonstrated. The latter proved to be a necessary prerequisite for the multi-pass stopping of HCIs in continuously laser-cooled Be(+) Coulomb crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schmöger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T M Baumann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O O Versolato
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Piest
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ullrich
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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27
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Heeg KP, Ott C, Schumacher D, Wille HC, Röhlsberger R, Pfeifer T, Evers J. Interferometric phase detection at x-ray energies via Fano resonance control. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:207401. [PMID: 26047250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.207401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Modern x-ray light sources promise access to structure and dynamics of matter in largely unexplored spectral regions. However, the desired information is encoded in the light intensity and phase, whereas detectors register only the intensity. This phase problem is ubiquitous in crystallography and imaging and impedes the exploration of quantum effects at x-ray energies. Here, we demonstrate phase-sensitive measurements characterizing the quantum state of a nuclear two-level system at hard x-ray energies. The nuclei are initially prepared in a superposition state. Subsequently, the relative phase of this superposition is interferometrically reconstructed from the emitted x rays. Our results form a first step towards x-ray quantum state tomography and provide new avenues for structure determination and precision metrology via x-ray Fano interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Heeg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Schumacher
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H-C Wille
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Evers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Woltsche N, Pfeifer T, Petru E, Haas J, Pickel H. Ab welcher Tumorgröße ist beim operablen Zervixkarzinom parametraner Befall zu erwarten? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Schnorr K, Senftleben A, Schmid G, Rudenko A, Kurka M, Meyer K, Foucar L, Kübel M, Kling MF, Jiang YH, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Schröter CD, Ullrich J, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R. Multiple ionization and fragmentation dynamics of molecular iodine studied in IR-XUV pump-probe experiments. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:41-56. [PMID: 25415043 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ionization and fragmentation dynamics of iodine molecules (I(2)) are traced using very intense (∼10(14) W cm(-2)) ultra-short (∼60 fs) light pulses with 87 eV photons of the Free-electron LASer at Hamburg (FLASH) in combination with a synchronized femtosecond optical laser. Within a pump-probe scheme the IR pulse initiates a molecular fragmentation and then, after an adjustable time delay, the system is exposed to an intense FEL pulse. This way we follow the creation of highly-charged molecular fragments as a function of time, and probe the dynamics of multi-photon absorption during the transition from a molecule to individual atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schnorr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
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Fahrmayr C, König J, Auge D, Mieth M, Münch K, Segrestaa J, Pfeifer T, Treiber A, Fromm M. Phase I and II metabolism and MRP2-mediated export of bosentan in a MDCKII-OATP1B1-CYP3A4-UGT1A1-MRP2 quadruple-transfected cell line. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:21-33. [PMID: 23387445 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hepatic uptake (e.g. by OATP1B1), phase I and II metabolism (e.g. by CYP3A4, UGT1A1) and subsequent biliary excretion (e.g. by MRP2) are key determinants for the pharmacokinetics of numerous drugs. However, stably transfected cell models for the simultaneous investigation of transport and phase I and II metabolism of drugs are lacking. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A newly established quadruple-transfected MDCKII-OATP1B1-CYP3A4-UGT1A1-MRP2 cell line was used to investigate metabolism and transcellular transport of the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan. KEY RESULTS Intracellular accumulation of bosentan equivalents (i.e. parent compound and metabolites) was significantly lower in all cell lines expressing MRP2 compared to cell lines lacking this transporter (P < 0.001). Accordingly, considerably higher amounts of bosentan equivalents were detectable in the apical compartments of cell lines with MRP2 expression (P < 0.001). HPLC and LC-MS measurements revealed that mainly unchanged bosentan accumulated in intracellular and apical compartments. Furthermore, the phase I metabolites Ro 48-5033 and Ro 47-8634 were detected intracellularly in cell lines expressing CYP3A4. Additionally, a direct glucuronide of bosentan could be identified intracellularly in cell lines expressing UGT1A1 and in the apical compartments of cell lines expressing UGT1A1 and MRP2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These in vitro data indicate that bosentan is a substrate of UGT1A1. Moreover, the efflux transporter MRP2 mediates export of bosentan and most likely also of bosentan glucuronide in the cell system. Taken together, cell lines simultaneously expressing transport proteins and metabolizing enzymes represent additional useful tools for the investigation of the interplay of transport and metabolism of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fahrmayr
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Schnorr K, Senftleben A, Kurka M, Rudenko A, Schmid G, Pfeifer T, Meyer K, Kübel M, Kling MF, Jiang YH, Treusch R, Düsterer S, Siemer B, Wöstmann M, Zacharias H, Mitzner R, Zouros TJM, Ullrich J, Schröter CD, Moshammer R. Electron rearrangement dynamics in dissociating I(2)^(n+) molecules accessed by extreme ultraviolet pump-probe experiments. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:073001. [PMID: 25170702 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The charge rearrangement in dissociating I_{2}^{n+} molecules is measured as a function of the internuclear distance R using extreme ultraviolet pulses delivered by the free-electron laser in Hamburg. Within an extreme ultraviolet pump-probe scheme, the first pulse initiates dissociation by multiply ionizing I_{2}, and the delayed probe pulse further ionizes one of the two fragments at a given time, thus triggering charge rearrangement at a well-defined R. The electron transfer between the fragments is monitored by analyzing the delay-dependent ion kinetic energies and charge states. The experimental results are in very good agreement with predictions of the classical over-the-barrier model demonstrating its validity in a thus far unexplored quasimolecular regime relevant for free-electron laser, plasma, and chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schnorr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Senftleben
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kurka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Rudenko
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - G Schmid
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kübel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M F Kling
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Y H Jiang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - R Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Siemer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48419 Münster, Germany
| | - M Wöstmann
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48419 Münster, Germany
| | - H Zacharias
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48419 Münster, Germany
| | - R Mitzner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T J M Zouros
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, Post Office Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - J Ullrich
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C D Schröter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Schnorr K, Senftleben A, Kurka M, Rudenko A, Foucar L, Schmid G, Broska A, Pfeifer T, Meyer K, Anielski D, Boll R, Rolles D, Kübel M, Kling MF, Jiang YH, Mondal S, Tachibana T, Ueda K, Marchenko T, Simon M, Brenner G, Treusch R, Scheit S, Averbukh V, Ullrich J, Schröter CD, Moshammer R. Time-resolved measurement of interatomic coulombic decay in Ne2. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:093402. [PMID: 24033032 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.093402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The lifetime of interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) [L. S. Cederbaum et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4778 (1997)] in Ne2 is determined via an extreme ultraviolet pump-probe experiment at the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg. The pump pulse creates a 2s inner-shell vacancy in one of the two Ne atoms, whereupon the ionized dimer undergoes ICD resulting in a repulsive Ne+(2p(-1))-Ne+(2p(-1)) state, which is probed with a second pulse, removing a further electron. The yield of coincident Ne+-Ne2+ pairs is recorded as a function of the pump-probe delay, allowing us to deduce the ICD lifetime of the Ne2(+)(2s(-1)) state to be (150±50) fs, in agreement with quantum calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schnorr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Meyer K, Ott C, Raith P, Kaldun A, Jiang Y, Senftleben A, Kurka M, Moshammer R, Ullrich J, Pfeifer T. Enhancing temporal resolution in pump-probe experiments with noisy pulses. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Camus N, Fischer B, Kremer M, Sharma V, Rudenko A, Bergues B, Kübel M, Johnson NG, Kling MF, Pfeifer T, Ullrich J, Moshammer R. Attosecond correlated dynamics of two electrons passing through a transition state. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:073003. [PMID: 22401200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.073003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The strong-field induced decay of a doubly excited, transient Coulomb complex Ar**→Ar(2+)+2e(-) is explored by tracing correlated two-electron emission in nonsequential double ionization of Ar as a function of the carrier-envelope phase. Using <6 fs pulses, electron emission is essentially confined to one optical cycle. Classical model calculations support that the intermediate Coulomb complex has lost memory of its formation dynamics and allows for a consistent, though model-dependent definition of "emission time," empowering us to trace transition-state two-electron decay dynamics with sub-fs resolution. We find a most likely emission time difference of ∼200±100 as.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Camus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Krishnan SR, Fechner L, Kremer M, Sharma V, Fischer B, Camus N, Jha J, Krishnamurthy M, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Ullrich J, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M, Mikaberidze A, Saalmann U, Rost JM. Dopant-induced ignition of helium nanodroplets in intense few-cycle laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:173402. [PMID: 22107516 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.173402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate ultrafast resonant energy absorption of rare-gas doped He nanodroplets from intense few-cycle (~10 fs) laser pulses. We find that less than 10 dopant atoms "ignite" the droplet to generate a nonspherical electronic nanoplasma resulting ultimately in complete ionization and disintegration of all atoms, although the pristine He droplet is transparent for the laser intensities applied. Our calculations at those intensities reveal that the minimal pulse length required for ignition is about 9 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Krishnan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Kremer M, Hofrichter C, Fischer B, Sharma V, Camus N, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Ullrich J. Minimizing dispersive distortions in carrier-envelope phase sweeping with glass wedges. Opt Lett 2011; 36:1455-1457. [PMID: 21499388 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A systematic experimental study is performed to examine the f-2f technique for sweeping the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of few-cycle laser pulses by changing the amount of positive dispersion in the extracavity beam path. Slightly changing the dispersion not only changes the CEP but affects the entire spectral-phase function. As a result, large discrepancies are found between the true CEP as independently measured with a stereo-above-threshold-ionization spectrometer and the CEP detected by an f-2f interferometer when sweeping the phase with glass wedges. A new CEP-stabilization scheme is proposed and experimentally shown to significantly improve the performance of CEP sweeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kremer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. manuel.kremer@mpi‐hd.mpg.de
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37
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Bosbach C, Pfeifer T, Depiereux F. Neue Konzepte für ein faserbasiertes Messsystem zur absoluten Abstandsmessung (New Concepts for a Fiber Based System for Absolute Distance Measurements). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/teme.70.2.85.20103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Der Einsatz und die Nutzung von miniaturisierten Bauteilen oder Produkten ist seit Jahren etabliert, sei es in der Telekommunikation oder Automobilbranche. Jedoch ist die Frage nach geeigneten Produktionsverfahren und -mitteln immer aktuell und ist in vielen Fällen noch nicht ausreichend gelöst bzw. es stehen noch Lösungen aus. Gerade Bereiche der Prozesskontrolle bzw. -regelung mittels Messtechnik bergen Entwicklungspotentiale. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt die Entwicklung eines faserbasierten Abstandsmesssystems und dessen Einsatzmöglichkeiten.
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38
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Walter D, Pfeifer T, Winterfeldt C, Kemmer R, Spitzenpfeil R, Gerber G, Spielmann C. Adaptive spatial control of fiber modes and their excitation for high-harmonic generation. Opt Express 2006; 14:3433-3442. [PMID: 19516488 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.003433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present the control of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in hollow fibers using adaptive pulse shaping techniques. The shaping capabilities of our spatial light modulator (SLM) are demonstrated by the excitation of specific fiber modes inside a hollow fiber with a helium-neon laser. Afterwards spatially shaped ultrashort pulses are used to generate phase-matched high-harmonic radiation in a fiber. We show that by controlling the mode structure, we can manipulate the spatial and spectral properties of the generated harmonics.
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39
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Pfeifer T, Ammermann A, Leber M, Effert R. Ophthalmologische Beschwerdesymptomatik bei Glioblastoma multiforme. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-922129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Brixner T, Krampert G, Pfeifer T, Selle R, Gerber G, Wollenhaupt M, Graefe O, Horn C, Liese D, Baumert T. Quantum control by ultrafast polarization shaping. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:208301. [PMID: 15169385 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.208301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the use of time-dependent light polarization opens a new level of control over quantum systems. With potassium dimer molecules from a supersonic molecular beam, we show that a polarization-shaped laser pulse increases the ionization yield beyond that obtained with an optimally shaped linearly polarized laser pulse. This is due to the different multiphoton ionization pathways in K2 involving dipole transitions which favor different polarization directions of the exciting laser field. This experiment is a qualitative extension of quantum control mechanisms which opens up new directions giving access to the three-dimensional temporal response of molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brixner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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41
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Abstract
It is one of modern medicine's top priorities to reduce the stress for the patient during diagnosis and therapy by designing minimally invasive applications of medical techniques. Microsystems technology has always held the key to minimally invasive solutions in surgery and micro-endoscopy. The new measuring system KOMED is currently developed for the application of in-vivo cellular microscopy. This approach is based on the concept of a miniaturised fibre-optical confocal microscope. The application range of this microsensor system includes the minimally invasive optical biopsy for purposes such as the early detection of tumour cells. In this paper the concept of the KOMED system is described, as well as technical challenges to be solved in the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Krohne
- Fraunhofer Institut für Produktionstechnologie, Aachen, Germany.
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42
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Krohne I, Pfeifer T, Meier R, Stepp H, Zimmermann N, Warnck S, Krampitz O, Höper R, Ehrhardt A, Irion KM, Menschig A, Rupp T. ENTWICKLUNG EINES KONFOKALEN MIKROENDOSKOPS - KOMED. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2003. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.2003.48.s1.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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Pfeifer T, Klaus U, Hoffmann R, Spiteller M. Characterisation of humic substances using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry combined with size-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 926:151-9. [PMID: 11554407 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Humic substances were analysed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) and electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectrometry in positive and negative modes. Using APCI the average m/z range of humic substances was reduced 5-fold compared to ESI. High-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed the formation of multiply charged molecules in the ESI mode. Moreover, it was possible to obtain daughter ion mass spectra of humic substances by nanospray tandem mass spectrometry. The size-exclusion chromatography elution profile of humic substances was highly influenced by the pH of the analyte solution. By contrast, the pH had no significant influence on the observed mass spectra of humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pfeifer
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), University of Dortmund, Germany
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44
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Lüttge U, Pfeifer T, Fischer-Schliebs E, Ratajczak R. The role of vacuolar malate-transport capacity in crassulacean acid metabolism and nitrate nutrition. Higher malate-transport capacity in ice plant after crassulacean acid metabolism-induction and in tobacco under nitrate nutrition. Plant Physiol 2000; 124:1335-48. [PMID: 11080309 PMCID: PMC59231 DOI: 10.1104/pp.124.3.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2000] [Accepted: 07/14/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anion uptake by isolated tonoplast vesicles was recorded indirectly via increased H(+)-transport by H(+)-pumping of the V-ATPase due to dissipation of the electrical component of the electrochemical proton gradient, Deltamu(H+), across the membrane. ATP hydrolysis by the V-ATPase was measured simultaneously after the Palmgren test. Normalizing for ATP-hydrolysis and effects of chloride, which was added to the assays as a stimulating effector of the V-ATPase, a parameter, J(mal)(rel), of apparent ATP-dependent malate-stimulated H(+)-transport was worked out as an indirect measure of malate transport capacity. This allowed comparison of various species and physiological conditions. J(mal)(rel) was high in the obligate crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species Kalanchoë daigremontiana Hamet et Perrier, it increased substantially after CAM induction in ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), and it was positively correlated with NO(3)(-) nutrition in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). For tobacco this was confirmed by measurements of malate transport energized via the V-PPase. In ice plant a new polypeptide of 32-kD apparent molecular mass appeared, and a 33-kD polypeptide showed higher levels after CAM induction under conditions of higher J(mal)(rel). It is concluded that tonoplast malate transport capacity plays an important role in physiological regulation in CAM and NO(3)(-) nutrition and that a putative malate transporter must be within the 32- to 33-kD polypeptide fraction of tonoplast proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lüttge
- Institute of Botany, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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45
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Pfeifer T, Drewello M, Schierhorn A. Using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer for combined in-source decay/post-source decay experiments. J Mass Spectrom 1999; 34:644-650. [PMID: 10394629 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(199906)34:6<644::aid-jms816>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric experiments with fragment ions have not yet been possible with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer because intense signals of fragment ions were rarely observed during continuous extraction and the mass resolution of in-source formed fragment ions has been low. This paper describes a combination of MALDI in-source decay and post-source decay experiments on a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer equipped with delayed extraction. Fragment ions initially formed in the ion source were selected by the precursor ion gate and investigated by post-source decay. The in-source formed fragment ions were sufficiently excited to undergo further metastable decay. The new method was applied to linear peptides, the cyclic peptide gramicidin S and a pentasaccharide, leading to unambiguous structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck Research Unit Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale, Germany
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46
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Pfeifer T, Rücknagel P, Kuellertz G, Schierhorn A. A strategy for rapid and efficient sequencing of Lys-C peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry post-source decay. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 1999; 13:362-369. [PMID: 10209874 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19990315)13:5<362::aid-rcm492>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A modification procedure for Lys-C peptides is described which simplifies the correct assignment of the amino acid sequence. Release of the C-terminal lysine from Lys-C peptides by carboxypeptidase B and subsequent N-terminal acetylation of the resulting peptides leads to predictable shifts of the C- and N-terminal fragment ions in Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight post-source decay mass spectra and facilitates the correct assignment of mostly complete amino acid sequences for oligopeptides. The derived sequences of peptides from unknown proteins were used to search in databases for homologous protein sequences. Our method was applied to an unknown protein isolated from eggs of Drosophila melanogaster, resulting in the identification of a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans-isomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck Research Unit Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale, Germany
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47
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pfeifer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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49
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Abstract
Report of a case of the fetal face syndrome associated with severe oligophrenia and septum pellucidum cyste in a male patient aged 30 years. The case demonstrates the good prognosis of the hypogenitalism resp. small genitalia; the correct diagnosis in this syndrome can the patients save a plastic of the penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fehlow
- Landesfachkrankenhaus für Psychiatrie und Neurologie, Mühlhausen/Thür
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50
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Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of osteopenia among a hypoestrogenic group of patients with primary or secondary amenorrhea. Twenty-seven patients with amenorrhea were examined. Sixteen of them presented with secondary amenorrhea (mean age 27.8 +/- 1.9 yrs), and 11 with primary amenorrhea (mean age 21.3 +/- 1.6 yrs). Ten regularly menstruating women (mean age 28.9 +/- 1.4 yrs) served as controls. Estradiol serum levels as well as lumbar spine bone mineral density were measured. All 11 patients with primary amenorrhea showed osteopenia with a mean bone mineral density Z-score of 71 +/- 2% and mean estradiol levels of 30.6 +/- 5.9 pg/ml. The secondary amenorrheic patients were significantly demineralized with a mean Z-score of 82 +/- 3%; 10 of them had osteopenia. Their mean estradiol levels were 34.3 +/- 2.9 pg/ml. The bone density in the primary amenorrheic patients was significantly lower as compared with the secondary amenorrheic women. In comparison, lumbar spine bone density in all control women was normal with a mean Z-score of 104 +/- 3%. In summary, 21 of the 27 patients had osteopenia, higher than that reported in post-menopausal women. Since it is not proven whether the bone mineral deficit of amenorrheic patients can ever be compensated, early diagnostic steps and estrogen-progestogen replacement for the prevention of further bone loss and subsequent fractures are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ulrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ulm, Germany
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