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Endo EH, Makimori RY, Companhoni MVP, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP. Ketoconazole-loaded poly-(lactic acid) nanoparticles: Characterization and improvement of antifungal efficacy in vitro against Candida and dermatophytes. J Mycol Med 2020; 30:101003. [PMID: 32586733 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to improve the effect of ketoconazole, poly-lactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles containing ketoconazole were prepared, characterized and tested against dermatophytes and Candida spp planktonic and biofilm cells. METHODS The ketoconazole-PLA nanoparticles obtained by nanoprecipitation were characterized using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, quantification of encapsulated ketoconazole and the in vitro release profile were determined. Antifungal susceptibility tests against dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum gypseum and yeasts Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis were performed. RESULTS Spherical nanoparticles, with a mean diameter of 188.5nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 45% ketoconazole, were obtained. The nanoparticles containing ketoconazole had superior antifungal activity against all tested fungi strains than free ketoconazole. Inhibition of yeast biofilm formation was also achieved. CONCLUSION Ketoconazole-PLA nanoparticles resulted in better antifungal activity of ketoconazole nanoparticles than free drug against dermatophytes and Candida species, indicating a promising tool for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Endo
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - R Y Makimori
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M V P Companhoni
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T Ueda-Nakamura
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C V Nakamura
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - B P Dias Filho
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
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Makimori R, Endo E, Makimori J, Zanqueta E, Ueda-Nakamura T, Leimann F, Gonçalves O, Dias Filho B. Preparation, characterization and antidermatophytic activity of free- and microencapsulated cinnamon essential oil. J Mycol Med 2020; 30:100933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Santos AO, Santin AC, Yamaguchi MU, Cortez LER, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias-Filho BP, Nakamura CV. Antileishmanial activity of an essential oil from the leaves and flowers ofAchilleamillefolium. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2013; 104:475-83. [DOI: 10.1179/136485910x12786389891281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lazarin-Bidóia D, Desoti VC, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias Filho BP, Nakamura CV, Silva SO. Further evidence of the trypanocidal action of eupomatenoid-5: confirmation of involvement of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria owing to a reduction in trypanothione reductase activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:17-28. [PMID: 23376033 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our group assays natural products that are less toxic and more effective than available nitroheterocycles as promising therapeutic options for patients with Chagas disease. Our previous study reported the trypanocidal activity of eupomatenoid-5, a neolignan isolated from the leaves of Piper regnellii var. pallescens, against the three main parasitic forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. The present study further characterizes the biochemical and morphological alterations induced by this compound to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved in the cell death of T. cruzi. We show that eupomatenoid-5 induced oxidative imbalance in the three parasitic forms, especially trypomastigotes, reflected by a decrease in the activity of trypanothione reductase and increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential was then triggered, further impairing the cell redox system through the production of more ROS and reactive nitrogen species. Altogether, these effects led to oxidative stress, reflected by lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. These alterations are key events in the induction of parasite death through various pathways, including apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lazarin-Bidóia
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Pedroso RB, Tonin LTD, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias Filho BP, Sarragiotto MH, Nakamura CV. Beta-carboline-3-carboxamide derivatives as promising antileishmanial agents. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2012; 105:549-57. [PMID: 22325814 DOI: 10.1179/2047773211y.0000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis has an overwhelming impact on global public health especially in tropical and subtropical countries and the currently available antileishmanial drugs have serious side effects and low efficacy. Natural and synthetic compounds have been tested in the past few years against Leishmania and the beta-carboline class of compounds have shown great results in antiparasitic chemotherapy. In the present study, three 1-substituted beta-carboline-3-carboxamides (3-5) and 1-substituted beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (2) were synthesized and screened for in vitro activity against L. amazonensis. Compound 5 (N-benzyl 1-(4-methoxy)phenyl-9H-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide) had the best activity against promastigote and axenic amastigote forms with IC(50) of 2·6 and 1·0 μM, respectively. Its CC(50) on macrophages cell line was higher than 2457·0 μM with an SI ratio of 930·2. Against intracellular amastigote forms, it had a dose-dependent relationship with a 50% growth inhibitory concentration of 1·0 μM. Through morphological and ultrastructure analysis of promastigote forms treated with compound 5, alterations on cell shape and number of flagella and nuclear membrane damage were observed. For this, compound 5 supports the idea for more in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Pedroso
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Brenzan MA, Santos AO, Nakamura CV, Filho BPD, Ueda-Nakamura T, Young MCM, Côrrea AG, Júnior JA, Morgado-Díaz JA, Cortez DAG. Effects of (-) mammea A/BB isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense leaves and derivatives on mitochondrial membrane of Leishmania amazonensis. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:223-230. [PMID: 22285848 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated antileishmanial activity on Leishmania amazonensis of the natural (1-2), synthetic (7) and derivatives of coumarin (-) mammea A/BB (3-6) isolated from the dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense leaves. The aim of the present study was to evaluate morphological and ultrastructural alterations in Leishmania amazonensis induced by these compounds. In promastigote forms, all seven compounds produced significant morphological and ultrastructural alterations, as revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The compound 5,7-dihydroxy-8-(2-methylbutanoyl)-6-(3-methylbutyl)-4-phenyl-chroman-2-one (3), the most active antileishmanial with LD₅₀ of 0.9 μM), induced cell shrinkage and a rounded appearance of the cells. Parasites incubated in the presence of compound (3) showed ultrastructural changes, such as the appearance of mitochondrial swelling with a reduction in the density of the mitochondrial matrix and the presence of vesicles inside the mitochondrion, indicating damage and significant change in this organelle; abnormal chromatin condensation, alterations in the nuclear envelope, intense atypical cytoplasmic vacuolization, and the appearance of autophagic vacuoles were also observed. In addition, the compound (3) may be acting to depolarize the mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells, leading to death of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Brenzan
- Pós-doutoranda em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Brenzan MA, Nakamura CV, Filho BPD, Ueda-Nakamura T, Young MCM, Mitsui ML, Cortez DAG. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF (-) MAMMEA A/BB COUMARIN IN EXTRACTS OF CALOPHYLLUM BRASILIENSE CAMBESS (CLUSIACEAE) BY HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903442444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Brenzan
- a Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia , Universidade Estadual de Maringá
| | - C. V. Nakamura
- b Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada aos Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Universidade Estadual de Maringá
| | - B. P. D. Filho
- b Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada aos Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Universidade Estadual de Maringá
| | - T. Ueda-Nakamura
- b Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada aos Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Universidade Estadual de Maringá
| | | | - M. L. Mitsui
- a Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia , Universidade Estadual de Maringá
| | - D. A. G. Cortez
- a Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia , Universidade Estadual de Maringá
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Camargo Filho I, Cortez DAG, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP. Antiviral activity and mode of action of a peptide isolated from Sorghum bicolor. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:202-8. [PMID: 17890069 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the purification of an antiviral peptide from seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. by a procedure that included gel filtration, ion exchange, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in a reversed-phase column. Its molecular weight, determined by chromatographic mobility on the Shim-pack DIOL-150 gel permeation column in HPLC, was found to be 2000Da. The peptide designated 2kD peptide strongly inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), dose-dependently, at 40-90% of the control level, after incubation with 10-50 microM of the peptide, with EC(50) and EC(90) values of 6.25 and 15.25 microM, respectively. The IC(50) value of the 2kD peptide against Vero cells was 250 microM. Pre-incubation of HSV-1 with various concentrations of the 2kD peptide showed dose-dependent cytopathic effects (CPE) reduction patterns at concentrations from 6.25 to 50 microM. The presence of the 2kD peptide before HSV-1 infections showed moderate inhibition of virus-induced CPE as compared to during or after infections, with EC(50) values of 12.5, 6.25, and 6.25 microM, respectively. Similar results were observed when the 2kD peptide was assayed against bovine herpes virus (BHV), an enveloped virus like HSV-1. On the other hand, the 2kD peptide showed weak activity against poliovirus type 1, a non-enveloped virus. Taken together, these results indicate that the 2kD peptide was able not only to inhibit the initiation and the spread of infection, but also had an in vitro prophylactic effect against HSV-1 infection.
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Abstract
Megasomes are large lysosomes found in the amastigote stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex. The biogenesis of megasomes was investigated by transmission electron microscopy during the transformation of promastigotes into the amastigote form of L. amazonensis maintained in axenic cultures. Mainly small vacuoles with low electron density were found in the promastigote and early intermediate forms. Morphometrical analysis showed an increase in the volume density of these structures during the transformation process. Cysteine proteinase was localized in this structure by immunocytochemical assay. Membrane-bounded structures filled with electron-dense material were also found in significant amounts from the 2nd day on. These structures were relatively abundant, both in axenic and lesion-derived amastigotes, but not in stable long-term axenic amastigote culture. A three-dimensional reconstruction of lesion-derived amastigotes and axenic amastigotes of L. amazonensis demonstrated that megasomes comprise almost 5% of the total cell volume. In addition, the development of other organelles was examined during the transformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ueda-Nakamura
- Laboratório de Ultra-Estrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofiscia Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
The essential oil (EO) of Ocimum gratissimum inhibited Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 0.75 mg/ml. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for Shigella flexineri, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., and Proteus mirabilis were at concentrations ranging from 3 to 12 microg/ml. The endpoint was not reached for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>=24 mg/ml). The MICs of the reference drugs used in this study were similar to those presented in other reports. The minimum bactericidal concentration of EO was within a twofold dilution of the MIC for this organism. The compound that showed antibacterial activity in the EO of O. gratissimum was identified as eugenol and structural findings were further supported by gas chromatography/mass spectra retention time data. The structure was supported by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Nakamura
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87100-330, Brasil
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Abstract
Fatty acid and sterol analysis were performed on Phytomonas serpens and Phytomonas sp. grown in chemically defined and complex medium, and P. françai cultivated in complex medium. The three species of the genus Phytomonas had qualitatively identical fatty acid patterns. Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic were the major unsaturated fatty acids. Miristic and stearic were the major saturated fatty acids. Ergosterol was the only sterol isolated from Phytmonas sp. and P. serpens grown in a sterol-free medium, indicating that it was synthesized de novo. When P. françai that does not grow in defined medium was cultivated in a complex medium, cholesterol was the only sterol detected. The fatty acids and sterol isolated from Phytomonas sp. and P. serpens grown in a chemically defined lipid-free medium indicated that they were able to biosynthesize fatty acids and ergosterol from acetate or from acetate precursors such as glucose or threonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Nakamura
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brasil
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