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Murakami H, Tokuda T, El-Agnaf OMA, Ohmichi T, Mori Y, Asano M, Kanemoto M, Baba Y, Tsukie T, Ikeuchi T, Ono K. IgG index of cerebrospinal fluid can reflect pathophysiology associated with Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2023; 452:120760. [PMID: 37544209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is one of the pathophysiologies of Parkinson's disease (PD). Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of PD, emerge as a consequence of α-synuclein aggregation, and neuroinflammation is induced concurrently with this aggregation. Imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers that reflect PD pathophysiology have been developed or are under investigation. The IgG index of CSF is a marker of inflammation, and may also reflect the pathophysiology of PD. AIM We examined if the IgG index reflects the pathophysiology of PD in drug-naïve PD patients. METHOD The subjects were 20 consecutive PD patients who underwent 123I-MIBG scintigraphy for assessment of the heart to mediastinum (H/M) ratio and wash out rate, 123I-Ioflupane SPECT for examination of the specific binding ratio in the striatum, and lumbar puncture before treatment. The CSF IgG index and levels of pathogenic proteins (total α-synuclein, oligomeric α-synuclein, total tau, phosphorylated tau and amyloid Aβ1-42) were determined. The IgG index was compared with the other parameters using Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS The IgG index showed a significant correlation with the H/M ratio in early (r = -0.563, p = 0.010) and delayed (r = -0.466, p = 0.038) images in 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and with the CSF total tau level (r = -0.513, p = 0.021). CONCLUSION Neuroinflammation is involved in PD pathophysiology in some patients, and a higher IgG index indicates the presence of neuroinflammation accompanied by emergence of Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Japan
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mori
- Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Miki Asano
- Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kanemoto
- Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Baba
- Department of Neurology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Tamao Tsukie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.
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Ohmichi T, Kasai T, Shinomoto M, Kitani-Morii F, Fujino Y, Menjo K, Mizuno T. Serum leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein as a potential biomarker for systemic inflammation in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282153. [PMID: 36812242 PMCID: PMC9946247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is ample epidemiological and animal-model evidence suggesting that intestinal inflammation is associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein (LRG) is a serum inflammatory biomarker used to monitor the activity of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum LRG could be used a biomarker of systemic inflammation in PD and to help distinguish disease states. Serum LRG and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured in 66 patients with PD and 31 age-matched controls. We found that serum LRG levels were statistically significantly higher in the PD group than in the control group (PD: 13.9 ± 4.2 ng/mL, control: 12.1 ± 2.7 ng/mL, p = 0.036). LRG levels were also correlated with Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and CRP levels. LRG levels in the PD group were correlated with Hoehn and Yahr stages (Spearman's r = 0.40, p = 0.008). LRG levels were statistically significantly elevated in PD patients with dementia as compared to those without dementia (p = 0.0078). Multivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between PD and serum LRG levels after adjusting for serum CRP levels, and CCI (p = 0.019). We conclude that serum LRG levels could be considered a potential biomarker for systemic inflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Makiko Shinomoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fukiko Kitani-Morii
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuzo Fujino
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanako Menjo
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Ohmichi T, Tokuda T. [Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Neurodegenerative Diseases: a Short Review of Differential Diagnosis]. No Shinkei Geka 2022; 50:319-330. [PMID: 35400650 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1436204560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are a variety of neurodegenerative diseases that require differentiation from idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus(iNPH), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. As the clinical features and structural imaging findings of these diseases may overlap with iNPH, biomarkers reflecting disease-specific pathology are necessary for differential diagnosis. In addition, these diseases often coexist with iNPH in elderly patients, and it is important to confirm the coexistence of their pathology even in cases clinically diagnosed as iNPH. This review provides an overview of established and emerging biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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Kitani-Morii F, Kasai T, Horiguchi G, Teramukai S, Ohmichi T, Shinomoto M, Fujino Y, Mizuno T. Risk factors for neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease during COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245864. [PMID: 33481879 PMCID: PMC7822544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been a concern during the COVID-19 pandemic, because most people worked in self-isolation for fear of infection. We aimed to clarify the impact of social restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic on neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD patients and to identify risk factors associated with these symptoms. A cross-sectional, hospital-based survey was conducted from April 22, 2020 to May 15, 2020. PD patients and their family members were asked to complete paper-based questionnaires about neuropsychiatric symptoms by mail. PD patients were evaluated for motor symptoms using MDS-UPDRS part 2 by telephone interview. A total of 71 responders (39 PD patients and 32 controls) completed the study. Although there was no difference in the age distribution, the rate of females was significantly lower in PD patients (35%) than controls (84%) (P < 0.001). Participants with clinical depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) were more common in PD patients (39%) than controls (6%) (P = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that an MDS-UPDRS part 2 score was correlated with the presence of clinical depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) and clinical anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 7) (clinical depression: OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04–1.66; P = 0.025; clinical anxiety: OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07–1.72; P = 0.013). In the presence of social restrictions, more attention needs to be paid to the neuropsychiatric complications of PD patients, especially those with more severe motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukiko Kitani-Morii
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Go Horiguchi
- Division of Data Science, The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Teramukai
- Division of Data Science, The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makiko Shinomoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuzo Fujino
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Ohmichi T, Kasai T, Shinomoto M, Matsuura J, Koizumi T, Kitani-Morii F, Tatebe H, Sasaki H, Mizuno T, Tokuda T. Quantification of Blood Caffeine Levels in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy by Caffeine ELISA. Front Neurol 2021; 11:580127. [PMID: 33414755 PMCID: PMC7783046 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.580127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is considered to be a neuroprotective agent against Parkinson's disease (PD) and is expected to offer a blood-based biomarker for the disease. We herein investigated the ability of this biomarker to discriminate between PD and neurodegenerative diseases. To quantify caffeine concentrations in serum and plasma, we developed a specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To validate the diagnostic performance of the assay, we conducted a case control-study of two independent cohorts among controls and patients with PD and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Parallelism, recovery rate, and intra- and inter-assay precision of our assay were within the standard of acceptance. In the first cohort of 31 PD patients, 18 MSA patients and 33 age-matched controls, serum caffeine levels were significantly lower in PD patients than in Controls (p = 0.018). A similar trend was also observed in the MSA group, but did not reach the level of significance. In the second cohort of 50 PD patients, 50 MSA patients and 45 age-matched controls, plasma caffeine levels were significantly decreased in both PD and MSA groups compared to Controls (p < 0.001). This originally developed ELISA offered sufficient sensitivity to detect caffeine in human serum and plasma. We reproducibly confirmed decreased blood concentrations of caffeine in PD compared to controls using this ELISA. A similar trend was observed in the MSA group, despite a lack of consistent significant differences across cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makiko Shinomoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Matsuura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Koizumi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fukiko Kitani-Morii
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenao Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,AMED (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development)-CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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Shinomoto M, Kasai T, Tatebe H, Kitani-Morii F, Ohmichi T, Fujino Y, Allsop D, Mizuno T, Tokuda T. Cerebral spinal fluid biomarker profiles in CNS infection associated with HSV and VZV mimic patterns in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:2. [PMID: 33397456 PMCID: PMC7780670 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Shinomoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Fukiko Kitani-Morii
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Yuzo Fujino
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - David Allsop
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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Ono K, Murakami H, El‐Agnaf OM, Tokuda T, Ohmichi T, Miki A, Ohashi H, Owan Y, Saito Y, Yano S, Tsukie T, Ikeuchi T. Correlated levels of cerebrospinal fluid pathogenic proteins in drug‐naïve Parkinson's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.036258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Ono
- Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Omar M.A. El‐Agnaf
- Life Sciences Division, College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) Doha Qatar
| | | | | | - Ayako Miki
- Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | | | | | - Yu Saito
- Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Tamao Tsukie
- Brain Research Institute Niigata University Niigata Japan
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Kasai T, Kojima Y, Ohmichi T, Tatebe H, Tsuji Y, Noto YI, Kitani-Morii F, Shinomoto M, Allsop D, Mizuno T, Tokuda T. Combined use of CSF NfL and CSF TDP-43 improves diagnostic performance in ALS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:2489-2502. [PMID: 31742901 PMCID: PMC6917342 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of neurofilament light chain (NfL), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), and total tau (t-tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to investigate whether the combined use of those biomarker candidates can improve their diagnostic performance. METHODS This was a single-center, prospective, longitudinal study. CSF and plasma samples were collected at the time of enrollment from a discovery cohort of 29 patients with ALS and 29 age-matched controls without neurodegenerative disease. In a validation cohort, there were 46 patients with ALS, and 46 control (not age-matched) patients with motor weakness resulting from neuromuscular diseases. NfL, TDP-43, and t-tau levels in CSF and plasma were measured using ultrasensitive single molecule assay (Simoa) technology. RESULTS The following findings were reproducibly observed among the discovery and validation cohorts: increased levels of CSF NfL, plasma NfL, and CSF TDP-43 in ALS compared with control groups; shorter survival associated with higher levels of CSF and plasma NfL. When the CSF NfL and CSF TDP-43 levels were combined, the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were slightly improved relative to AUCs for each biomarker alone. INTERPRETATION CSF and plasma NfL may not only serve as diagnostic biomarkers but also provide a measure of disease progression. CSF TDP-43 is also useful as a diagnostic biomarker of ALS, but has no prognostic value. The combined use of CSF NfL and CSF TDP-43 may be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Yuta Kojima
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Noto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Fukiko Kitani-Morii
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Makiko Shinomoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - David Allsop
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
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Murakami H, Tokuda T, El-Agnaf OMA, Ohmichi T, Miki A, Ohashi H, Owan Y, Saito Y, Yano S, Tsukie T, Ikeuchi T, Ono K. Correlated levels of cerebrospinal fluid pathogenic proteins in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:113. [PMID: 31164098 PMCID: PMC6549316 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Toxic oligomeric α-synuclein (αS; O-αS) has been suggested to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Lewy body diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of αS, O-αS, total and phosphorylated tau, and amyloid β 1–42 (Aβ1–42) are thought to reflect the pathophysiology or clinical symptoms in PD. In this study, we examined correlations of the CSF levels of these proteins with the clinical symptoms, and with each other in drug-naïve patients with PD. Methods Twenty-seven drug-naïve patients with PD were included. Motor and cognitive functions were assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (COGNISTAT). CSF levels of total αS, O-αS, Aβ1–42, total tau and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181p) were measured. CSF levels of these proteins were compared with clinical assessments from the UPDRS, MoCA and COGNISTAT using Spearman correlation analysis. Spearman correlation coefficients among CSF protein levels were also evaluated. Results CSF levels of αS were negatively correlated with UPDRS part III (motor score) (p < 0.05) and bradykinesia (p < 0.01), and positively correlated with COGNISTAT subtest of judgement (p < 0.01) and CSF levels of Aβ1–42 (p < 0.001), total tau (p < 0.001) and P-tau181p (p < 0.01). Lower CSF levels of Aβ1–42, total tau and P-tau181p were significantly related to worsening of some motor and/or cognitive functions. The CSF level of O-αS showed no correlation with any motor and cognitive assessments or with CSF levels of the other proteins. Conclusion CSF levels of αS are correlated with some clinical symptoms and CSF levels of other pathogenic proteins in drug-naïve PD patients. These correlations suggest a central role for interaction and aggregation of αS with Aβ1–42, tau, and phosphorylated tau in the pathogenesis of PD. Although O-αS has been shown to have neurotoxic effects, CSF levels do not reflect clinical symptoms or levels of other proteins in cross-sectional assessment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12883-019-1346-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetomo Murakami
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ayako Miki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ohashi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Owan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yano
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Tamao Tsukie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan.
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Kakuda K, Ikenaka K, Araki K, So M, Aguirre C, Kajiyama Y, Konaka K, Noi K, Baba K, Tsuda H, Nagano S, Ohmichi T, Nagai Y, Tokuda T, El-Agnaf OMA, Ogi H, Goto Y, Mochizuki H. Ultrasonication-based rapid amplification of α-synuclein aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6001. [PMID: 30979935 PMCID: PMC6461702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein aggregates, a key hallmark of the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, can be amplified by using their seeding activity, and the evaluation of the seeding activity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is reportedly useful for diagnosis. However, conventional shaking-based assays are time-consuming procedures, and the clinical significance of the diversity of seeding activity among patients remains to be clarified. Previously, we reported a high-throughput ultrasonication-induced amyloid fibrillation assay. Here, we adapted this assay to amplify and detect α-synuclein aggregates from CSF, and investigated the correlation between seeding activity and clinical indicators. We confirmed that this assay could detect α-synuclein aggregates prepared in vitro and also aggregates released from cultured cells. The seeding activity of CSF correlated with the levels of α-synuclein oligomers measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, the seeding activity of CSF from patients with Parkinson’s disease was higher than that of control patients. Notably, the lag time of patients with Parkinson’s disease was significantly correlated with the MIBG heart-to-mediastinum ratio. These findings showed that our ultrasonication-based assay can rapidly amplify misfolded α-synuclein and can evaluate the seeding activity of CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kakuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuya Araki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masatomo So
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - César Aguirre
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Kajiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kuni Konaka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Noi
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nagano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Life Sciences Division, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar
| | - Hirotsugu Ogi
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Goto
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Shinomoto M, Kasai T, Tatebe H, Kondo M, Ohmichi T, Morimoto M, Chiyonobu T, Terada N, Allsop D, Yokota I, Mizuno T, Tokuda T. Plasma neurofilament light chain: A potential prognostic biomarker of dementia in adult Down syndrome patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211575. [PMID: 30951523 PMCID: PMC6450630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) with aging. The diagnosis and treatment trials are hampered by a lack of reliable blood biomarkers. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) is one of the established biomarkers of AD, suggesting that it may be useful as an indicator of dementia in DS patients. The aims of this study were: 1) to examine whether plasma levels of NfL in DS patients are correlated with decreased adaptive behavior scores one year after sample collection, and 2) to compare plasma levels of NfL in adults with DS and an age-matched healthy control population. In this study, plasma levels of NfL in 24 patients with DS and 24 control participants were measured by the single-molecule immunoarray (Simoa) method. We observed significantly increased plasma NfL levels in the DS compared with the control group. There was a significant correlation between age and levels of plasma NfL in both groups. This age-dependent elevation was steeper in the DS compared with the control group. Moreover, elevated plasma NfL was associated with decreased adaptive behavior scores one year later, after age-adjustment. Previously reported blood-based biomarkers available in Simoa for DS, plasma total tau and phosphorylated tau, were not significantly correlated with the annual decrement of adaptive behavior scores after age-adjustment. These results suggest that plasma NfL has the potential to serve as an objective biomarker to predict dementia in adult DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Shinomoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Zaitaku (Homecare) Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiyonobu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - David Allsop
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Isao Yokota
- Department of Biostatistics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Ohmichi T, Mitsuhashi M, Tatebe H, Kasai T, Ali El-Agnaf OM, Tokuda T. Quantification of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in plasma as a biomarker to diagnose Parkinson's and related diseases. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 61:82-87. [PMID: 30502924 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is still a substantial unmet need for blood-based biomarkers to make an objective diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the parkinsonism-plus syndromes. This study is aimed to determine whether enumeration of brain-derived exosomes (BDEs) in plasma is informative in the diagnosis of those diseases. METHODS We have developed a specific method to enumerate the plasma levels of neuron-derived, astrocyte-derived, and oligodendrocyte-derived exosomes (NDEs, ADEs and ODEs, respectively), and quantified them individually in patients with PD (n = 15), multiple system atrophy (MSA, n = 15), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n = 7) and disease controls (n = 15). Our assays employ specific antibodies against molecules expressed by neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, respectively, combined with an antibody to the exosome common marker CD81. RESULTS The plasma levels of NDEs showed significant increase in PD compared to control (p < 0.01) and MSA (p < 0.05) (one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test). The plasma levels of ODEs and the ratio of ODE/NDE showed a significant correlation with UPDRS part III scores in the patients with MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) (r2 = 0.57, n = 6, p = 0.048) and in the patients with PD (r2 = 0.51, n = 14, p = 0.0041), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first paper that enumerated NDE, ADE, and ODE in human plasma and showed the usefulness of those levels as biomarkers for PD. Our results suggest the capability of the plasma levels of NDE and ODE as a diagnostic and surrogate biomarker for PD and MSA-P, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
| | | | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan; Department of Zaitaku (Homecare) Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
| | - Omar M Ali El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar; Life Sciences Division, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
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Ohmichi T, Kasai T, Kosaka T, Shikata K, Tatebe H, Ishii R, Shinomoto M, Mizuno T, Tokuda T. Biomarker repurposing: Therapeutic drug monitoring of serum theophylline offers a potential diagnostic biomarker of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201260. [PMID: 30044870 PMCID: PMC6059449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine has been considered a neuroprotective agent against Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent metabolomic analysis showed that levels of caffeine and its metabolites were decreased in sera from patients with PD compared with those from healthy controls. We focused on theophylline, which is one of the primary caffeine metabolites, as a candidate biomarker of PD because: (1) its serum level can be measured in hospital laboratories by standardized immunoassay kits for therapeutic drug monitoring and (2) because it is less markedly affected by caffeine intake. This was a pilot study to measure the levels of theophylline in sera of 31 patients with PD and 33 age-matched disease controls using an immunoassay kit. We confirmed the previous finding of significantly lower levels of serum theophylline in the PD group compared with control group (PD: 0.07±0.09 μg/mL, control: 0.18±0.24 μg/mL, p<0.05). Using such an approach of applying known medical biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases may allow us to skip the process from the discovery phase to clinical application, and subsequently shorten the period of time necessary for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tadashi Kosaka
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shikata
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Zaitaku (Homecare) Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makiko Shinomoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Ohmichi T, Kondo M, Itsukage M, Koizumi H, Matsushima S, Kuriyama N, Ishii K, Mori E, Yamada K, Mizuno T, Tokuda T. Usefulness of the convexity apparent hyperperfusion sign in 123I-iodoamphetamine brain perfusion SPECT for the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 2018; 130:398-405. [PMID: 29547088 DOI: 10.3171/2017.9.jns171100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gold standard for the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is the CSF removal test. For elderly patients, however, a less invasive diagnostic method is required. On MRI, high-convexity tightness was reported to be an important finding for the diagnosis of iNPH. On SPECT, patients with iNPH often show hyperperfusion of the high-convexity area. The authors tested 2 hypotheses regarding the SPECT finding: 1) it is relative hyperperfusion reflecting the increased gray matter density of the convexity, and 2) it is useful for the diagnosis of iNPH. The authors termed the SPECT finding the convexity apparent hyperperfusion (CAPPAH) sign. METHODS Two clinical studies were conducted. In study 1, SPECT was performed for 20 patients suspected of having iNPH, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the high-convexity area was examined using quantitative analysis. Clinical differences between patients with the CAPPAH sign (CAP) and those without it (NCAP) were also compared. In study 2, the CAPPAH sign was retrospectively assessed in 30 patients with iNPH and 19 healthy controls using SPECT images and 3D stereotactic surface projection. RESULTS In study 1, rCBF of the high-convexity area of the CAP group was calculated as 35.2–43.7 ml/min/100 g, which is not higher than normal values of rCBF determined by SPECT. The NCAP group showed lower cognitive function and weaker responses to the removal of CSF than the CAP group. In study 2, the CAPPAH sign was positive only in patients with iNPH (24/30) and not in controls (sensitivity 80%, specificity 100%). The coincidence rate between tight high convexity on MRI and the CAPPAH sign was very high (28/30). CONCLUSIONS Patients with iNPH showed hyperperfusion of the high-convexity area on SPECT; however, the presence of the CAPPAH sign did not indicate real hyperperfusion of rCBF in the high-convexity area. The authors speculated that patients with iNPH without the CAPPAH sign, despite showing tight high convexity on MRI, might have comorbidities such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kazunari Ishii
- 6Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Etsuro Mori
- 4Department of Radiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka; and
| | | | | | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Departments of1Neurology
- 5Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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15
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Yuan JH, Hashiguchi A, Okamoto Y, Yoshimura A, Ando M, Shiomi K, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ichinose K, Ohmichi T, Ichikawa K, Tadashi A, Takigawa H, Shibayama H, Takashima H. Clinical and mutational spectrum of Japanese patients with recessive variants in SH3TC2. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:281-287. [PMID: 29321516 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SH3TC2, known as the causative gene of autosomal recessive demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4C (CMT4C), was also found linked to a mild mononeuropathy of the median nerve with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Using DNA microarray, Illumina MiSeq, and Ion proton, we carried out gene panel sequencing among 1483 Japanese CMT patients, containing 397 patients with demyelinating CMT. From seven patients with demyelinating CMT, we identified eight recessive variants in the SH3TC2 gene, consisting of five novel (pathogenic/likely pathogenic) and three reported variants. Additionally, from two patients with axonal CMT, we detected a reported recessive variant, p.Arg77Trp, which was herein reclassified as variant with unknown significance. Of the seven CMT4C patients (six females and one male), 2/7 patients developed symptoms at their first decade, and 5/7 patients lost their ambulation around age 50. Scoliosis was observed from more than half (4/7) of these patients, whereas hearing loss is the most common symptom of central nervous system (6/7). No median nerve mononeuropathy was recorded from their family members. We identified recessive variants in SH3TC2 from 1.76% of demyelinating CMT patients. An uncommon gender difference was recognized and the wild spectrum of these variants suggests mutational diversity of SH3TC2 in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Okamoto
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ando
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shiomi
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kayoko Saito
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ichinose
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, NHO Maizuru Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazushi Ichikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Odawara Municipal Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Adachi Tadashi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takigawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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16
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Kasai T, Tatebe H, Kondo M, Ishii R, Ohmichi T, Yeung WTE, Morimoto M, Chiyonobu T, Terada N, Allsop D, Nakagawa M, Mizuno T, Tokuda T. Increased levels of plasma total tau in adult Down syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188802. [PMID: 29190730 PMCID: PMC5708632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most prevalent chromosomal abnormality. Early-onset dementia with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) frequently develops in DS. Reliable blood biomarkers are needed to support the diagnosis for dementia in DS, since positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid sampling is burdensome, particularly for patients with DS. Plasma t-tau is one of the established biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD, suggesting the potential value of t-tau as a biomarker for dementia in DS. The aim of this study was to assess and compare plasma levels of t-tau in adults with DS and in an age-matched control population. In this study, plasma levels of t-tau in 21 patients with DS and 22 control participants were measured by an ultrasensitive immunoassay technology, the single-molecule immunoarray (Simoa) method. We observed significantly increased plasma t-tau levels in the DS group (mean ± standard deviation (SD) = 0.643±0.493) compared to those in the control group (mean ± SD = 0.470±0.232): P = 0.0050. Moreover, age dependent correlation of plasma t-tau was only found in the DS group, and not in the control group. These findings suggest that elevated plasma t-tau levels reflect AD pathology and therefore have potential as an objective biomarker to detect dementia in adult DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Zaitaku (Homecare) Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wing Tung Esther Yeung
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Masafumi Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiyonobu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
- North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - David Allsop
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Masanori Nakagawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Kondo M, Ohmichi T, Tsuji Y, Masanori M, Mizuno T. Constructive disturbance and abnormal regional cerebral blood flow distribution in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Tatebe H, Kasai T, Ohmichi T, Kishi Y, Kakeya T, Waragai M, Kondo M, Allsop D, Tokuda T. Quantification of plasma phosphorylated tau to use as a biomarker for brain Alzheimer pathology: pilot case-control studies including patients with Alzheimer's disease and down syndrome. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:63. [PMID: 28866979 PMCID: PMC5582385 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is still a substantial unmet need for less invasive and lower-cost blood-based biomarkers to detect brain Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. This study is aimed to determine whether quantification of plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) is informative in the diagnosis of AD. Methods We have developed a novel ultrasensitive immunoassay to quantify plasma p-tau181, and measured the levels of plasma p-tau181 in three cohorts. Results In the first cohort composed of 20 AD patients and 15 age-matched controls, the plasma levels of p-tau181 were significantly higher in the AD patients than those in the controls (0.171 ± 0.166 pg/ml in AD versus 0.0405 ± 0.0756 pg/ml in controls, p = 0.0039). The percentage of the subjects whose levels of plasma p-tau181 exceeded the cut-off value (0.0921 pg/ml) was significantly higher in the AD group compared with the control group (60% in AD versus 16.7% in controls, p = 0.0090). In the second cohort composed of 20 patients with Down syndrome (DS) and 22 age-matched controls, the plasma concentrations of p-tau181 were significantly higher in the DS group (0.767 ± 1.26 pg/ml in DS versus 0.0415 ± 0.0710 pg/ml in controls, p = 0.0313). There was a significant correlation between the plasma levels of p-tau181 and age in the DS group (R2 = 0.4451, p = 0.0013). All of the DS individuals showing an extremely high concentration of plasma p-tau181 (> 1.0 pg/ml) were older than the age of 40. In the third cohort composed of 8 AD patients and 3 patients with other neurological diseases, the levels of plasma p-tau181 significantly correlated with those of CSF p-tau181 (R2 = 0.4525, p = 0.023). Conclusions We report for the first time quantitative data on the plasma levels of p-tau181 in controls and patients with AD and DS, and these data suggest that the plasma p-tau181 is a promising blood biomarker for brain AD pathology. This exploratory pilot study warrants further large-scale and well-controlled studies to validate the usefulness of plasma p-tau181 as an urgently needed surrogate marker for the diagnosis and disease progression of AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0206-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.,Department of Zaitaku (Homecare) Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kishi
- Strategic Marketing Division, SCRUM Inc, Tokyo, 130-0021, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Kakeya
- Strategic Marketing Division, SCRUM Inc, Tokyo, 130-0021, Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Department of Neurology, Higashi Matsudo Municipal Hospital, Matsudo, 270-2222, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - David Allsop
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
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Ishii R, Tokuda T, Tatebe H, Ohmichi T, Kasai T, Nakagawa M, Mizuno T, El-Agnaf OMA. Decrease in plasma levels of α-synuclein is evident in patients with Parkinson's disease after elimination of heterophilic antibody interference. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123162. [PMID: 25849645 PMCID: PMC4388641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial biochemical, pathological, and genetic evidence that α-synuclein (A-syn) is a principal molecule in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). We previously reported that total A-syn levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), measured with the specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed by ourselves, were decreased in patients with PD, and suggested the usefulness of A-syn in CSF and plasma as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PD. After our report, a considerable number of studies have investigated the levels A-syn in CSF and in blood, but have reported inconclusive results. Such discrepancies have often been attributed not only to the use of different antibodies in the ELISAs but also to interference from hemolysis. In this study we measured the levels of A-syn in CSF and plasma by using our own sandwich ELISA with or without heterophilic antibody (HA) inhibitor in 30 patients with PD and 58 age-matched controls. We thereby revealed that HA interfered with ELISA measurements of A-syn and are accordingly considered to be an important confounder in A-syn ELISAs. HA produced falsely exaggerated signals in A-syn ELISAs more prominently in plasma samples than in CSF samples. After elimination of HA interference, it was found that hemolysis did not have a significant effect on the signals obtained using our A-syn ELISA. Furthermore, plasma levels of A-syn were significantly lower in the PD group compared with the control group following elimination of HA interference with an HA inhibitor. Our results demonstrate that HA was a major confounder that should be controlled in A-syn ELISAs, and that plasma A-syn could be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of PD if adequately quantified following elimination of HA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Zaitaku (Homecare), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Medical Education and Primary Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohmichi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakagawa
- North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Omar M. A. El-Agnaf
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology, HBKU, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Kondo M, Ohmichi T, Mukai M, Fujinami J, Nakagawa M, Mizuno T. [Constructive disturbance and low-level perfusion in parietal areas in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2015; 55:320-326. [PMID: 26028194 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia (ALS-D) has been characterized by symptoms of fronto-temporal dysfunction, we report two patients with ALS-D who showed constructive disturbance and low-level perfusion in the parietal areas. The first was a 69-year-old woman (Case 1) who had been diagnosed with the bulbar type of ALS. She showed fronto-temporal dementia as well as low scores and disturbance on block construction and copying; however, she showed a better score on the imitation of finger postures. The second was a 73-year-old woman (Case 2) who had been diagnosed with the leg onset type of ALS. She showed mild impairment of the frontal function as well as mild disturbance on block construction and copying, but no problem on the imitation of finger postures. Case 1 showed more severe symptoms of dementia and constructive disturbance than Case 2, whereas Case 2 showed lower levels of cerebral perfusion over more extensive areas than Case 1. Cases 1 and 2 were compatible with definite ALS according to the El Escorial Criteria, and they showed constructive disturbance with characteristics reported previously, such as both left and right hemisphere damage and constructive disturbance similar to those seen in Alzheimer's disease. In addition, they showed poorer scores on performing tasks requiring the use of objects (block construction and copying) rather than using their body (imitation of finger postures).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kondo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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21
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Yuki N, Yoshioka A, Horio R, Ohmichi T, Yasuda R, Oka N. [A case of demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies with progressive quadriparesis and respiratory failure]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2014; 54:671-4. [PMID: 25142542 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.54.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 79-year-old man was admitted due to progressive weakness of both hands for two and a half years. Neurologically, he presented with weakness of the upper limbs, predominantly in the left distal portion, and hypoactive deep tendon reflexes. Nerve conduction studies were consistent with a motor and sensory demyelinating neuropathy. Sural nerve biopsy revealed a decrease of myelinated fibers with a predominance of larger diameter fibers. Widening of myelin lamellae and uncompacted myelin were detected on electron microscopy. Laboratory examinations showed IgM-kappa-type M-protein and anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody. He was diagnosed as having anti-MAG-associated demyelinating neuropathy based on the laboratory, electrophysiological, and pathological findings. While no bulbar symptoms or upper motor neuron signs were shown, the patient developed quadriparesis and respiratory failure after three years. Although anti-MAG-associated demyelinating neuropathy is usually characterized by sensory symptoms, particularly sensory ataxia, the present case indicates that motor symptoms such as quadriparesis and respiratory failure can be among the clinical manifestations of antiMAG-associated demyelinating neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Yuki
- Department of Neurology, NHO Maizuru Medical Center
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22
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Abstract
We herein report the case of a patient with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated neuropathy with atypical pathological findings of a biopsied sural nerve. A 48-year-old man was admitted for a gait disturbance. Purpura and edema on the legs and hyperalgesia on the distal extremities were noted. The plasma HCV viral load was high, and cryoglobulin was positive. In the biopsied sural nerve, perivascular eosinophilic infiltration was associated with extravascular granuloma formation in the epineurium. The patient's symptoms disappeared following treatment with interferon-α and ribavirin. The present case suggests that HCV infection can lead to peripheral neuropathy associated with eosinophilic infiltration and granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Yuki
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Maizuru Medical Center, Japan
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23
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Mohamed R, Mori K, Ohmichi T, Yamashita H. Preparation and characterisation of visible-light-driven BaCo 0.5Y0.5O3 photocatalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1504/ijnm.2009.028133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Nishio S, Tanaka T, Tada H, Nishiyama N, Fujii H, Ohmichi T, Katayama I, Yamashita H. Photo-induced super-hydrophilic property and photocatalysis on Ti-containing mesoporous silica thin films. Molecular Sieves: From Basic Research to Industrial Applications, Proceedings of the 3rd International Zeolite Symposium (3rd FEZA) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(05)80516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Ohmichi T, Nakamura M, Sugimoto N. Development of ribozyme synthesis system using a rolling-synchronization: effect of template DNA secondary structure on recognition of RNA polymerase. Nucleic Acids Res Suppl 2003:37-8. [PMID: 12836252 DOI: 10.1093/nass/1.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Circular DNA behaves as an efficient template for RNA polymerase (RNAP) in rolling circle transcription (RCT). We found that the short hairpin-stem structure in the circular DNA without promoter enhances the DNA recognition of T7 RNAP in RCT. The result indicates that T7 RNAP would distinguish the short DNA hairpin-stem structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohmichi
- High Technology Research Center, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
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26
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Nitani N, Kuramoto K, Yamashita T, Ohmichi T. Evaluation on chemical state of irradiated rock-like oxide fuels by nuclear and chemical modeling. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-1970(00)00153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Ohmichi T, Kool ET. The virtues of self-binding: high sequence specificity for RNA cleavage by self-processed hammerhead ribozymes. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:776-83. [PMID: 10637330 PMCID: PMC102550 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.3.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/1999] [Revised: 12/03/1999] [Accepted: 12/03/1999] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring hammerhead ribozymes are produced by rolling circle replication followed by self-cleavage. This results in monomer-length catalytic RNAs which have self-complementary sequences that can occupy their trans -binding domains and potentially block their ability to cleave other RNA strands. Here we show, using small self-processed ribozymes, that this self-binding does not necessarily inhibit trans -cleavage and can result in greatly elevated discrimination against mismatches. We utilized a designed 63 nt circular DNA to encode the synthesis of a self-processed ribozyme, MDR63. Rolling circle transcription followed by self-processing produced the desired 63 nt ribozyme, which potentially can bind mdr-1 RNA with 9+9 nt of complementarity or bind itself with 4+5 nt of self-complementarity by folding back its ends to form hairpins. Kinetics of trans -cleavage of short complementary and mismatched RNAs were measured under multiple turnover conditions, in comparison to a standard 40 nt ribozyme (MDR40) that lacks the self-complementary ends. The results show that MDR63 cleaves an mdr-1 RNA target with a k (cat)/ K (m)almost the same as MDR40, but with discrimination against mismatches up to 20 times greater. Based on folding predictions, a second self-processed ribozyme (UG63) having a single point mutation was synthesized; this displays even higher specificity (up to 100-fold) against mismatches. The results suggest that self-binding ends may be generally useful for increasing sequence specificity of ribozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohmichi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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28
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Abstract
Leadzyme is a ribozyme that requires Pb2+. The catalytic sequence, CUGGGAGUCC, binds to an RNA substrate, GGACC downward arrowGAGCCAG, cleaving the RNA substrate at one site. We have investigated the effect of the substrate sequence on the cleavage activity of leadzyme using mutant substrates in order to structurally understand the RNA catalysis. The results showed that leadzyme acted as a catalyst for single site cleavage of a C5 deletion mutant substrate, GGAC downward arrowGAGCCAG, as well as the wild-type substrate. However, a mutant substrate GGACCGACCAG, which had G8 deleted from the wild-type substrate, was not cleaved. Kinetic studies by surface plasmon resonance indicated that the difference between active and inactive structures reflected the slow association and dissociation rate constants of complex formation induced by Pb2+rather than differences in complex stability. CD spectra showed that the active form of the substrate-leadzyme complex was rearranged by Pb2+binding. The G8 of the wild-type substrate, which was absent in the inactive complex, is not near the cleavage site. Thus, these results show that the active substrate-leadzyme complex has a Pb2+binding site at the junction between the unpaired region (asymmetric internal loop) and the stem region, which is distal to the cleavage site. Pb2+may play a role in rearranging the bases in the asymmetric internal loop to the correct position for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohmichi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
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29
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Sugimoto N, Ohmichi T. Effect of nucleotide sequence and metal ions at the active site on a short ribozyme activation. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 1998:299-300. [PMID: 9586118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leadzyme, CUGGGAGUCC, is a ribozyme that requires Pb2+. We have investigated effects of target sequences and metal ions on a catalytic reaction of the leadyzme. The leadzyme plays as a catalyst for one site cleavage of a mutant substrate, GGAC decrease GAGCCAG, and a wild-type substrate, GGACC decrease GAGCCAG. The addition of 25 microM Nd3+ in the presence of 25 microM Pb2+ led to significant increase in the cleavage yield for the mutant substrate. But this increase of the yield is less than that for the wild-type substrate. The result suggests that the effect of Nd3+ on the leadzyme reaction depends on substrate sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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30
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Lai MT, Ohmichi T, Ogawa T, Nishizaki K, Masuda Y. Electron spin resonance spin trapping assay and immunohistochemical localization of superoxide dismutases in the rat nasal mucosa. Acta Otolaryngol 1997; 117:437-46. [PMID: 9199532 DOI: 10.3109/00016489709113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The immunohistochemical method and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping assay were employed to detect the localization and biochemical activity of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in the rat nasal mucosa. Manganese SOD and copper-zinc SOD were immunohistochemically illustrated to be richly expressed in the epithelial cells and the subepithelial glands of nasal mucosa. The olfactory vesicles also showed positive immunostaining for manganese SOD and copper-zinc SOD. ESR spin trapping assay revealed that SOD activity in the mucosa of olfactory areas was significantly higher than in the mucosa of respiratory areas; however, the ratio of SOD activity in the mitochondrial fraction to SOD activity in the cytosolic fraction was similar, approximating 17:83 in the mucosa of both the olfactory and respiratory areas. The predominant localization of SODs in epithelial cells of nasal mucosa suggests the importance of mucosal epithelium in protecting nasal mucosa against cytotoxic superoxide (O2-) radicals. Epithelial goblet cells and the connective tissue of lamina propria, which showed no positive immunostaining for SODs, are considered to be vulnerable to oxidative insults implicated in the generation of O2- radicals. The higher SODs activity in the mucosa of olfactory areas implies that there is a different requirement of SOD in mucosa of the respiratory and olfactory areas on scavenging microenvironmental O2- radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Shikata-Cho, Japan
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31
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Abstract
Leadzyme is a ribozyme that requires Pb2+. We have previously shown that the addition of Nd3+ in the presence of Pb2+ increased significantly the yield of the RNA cleavage reaction by a leadzyme, although other rare earth ions or divalent ions except Pb2+ did not promote the reaction [Sugimoto, N., & Ohmichi, T. (1996) FEBS Lett. 393, 97-100]. To investigate the combined effects of Nd3+ and Pb2+ on the binding and cleavage steps of a leadzyme, CUGGGAGUCC, with a substrate, GGACCGAGCCAG, kinetics for the leadzyme reaction have been measured at various concentration ratios of Nd3+ and Pb2+. At low concentration ratios of Nd3+ under a constant total concentration of metal ions, Nd3+ increased the stability of the complex between the leadzyme and the substrate. In contrast, at high concentration ratios of Nd3+, the addition of Nd3+ decreased the stability of the complex. The rate constant of the cleavage step was maximized when the ratio of Nd3+ to Pb2+ was 1:1. These results suggest that the complex between the leadzyme and the substrate has binding sites for Nd3+ ion that influence complex stability and catalyze directly the cleavage reaction. On the basis of the results, we propose a two-metal-ion mechanism in which Pb2+ and Nd3+ play the roles of base and acid catalyst, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohmichi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Konan University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
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32
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Lai MT, Ohmichi T, Yorizane S, Egusa K, Masuda Y. Immunohistochemical localization of manganese superoxide dismutase in rat vestibular dark cell regions. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997; 106:69-74. [PMID: 9006364 DOI: 10.1177/000348949710600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A modified immunoglobulin peroxidase bridge sequence method was used to detect the localization of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a superoxide radical (O2-) scavenging enzyme locating in mitochondrial matrix, in the vestibular labyrinth of pigmented rats. Strong positive MnSOD immunostaining was demonstrated in the dark cell regions of the ampullae, utricle, and common crus. The result provides for the first time direct evidence demonstrating the existence of mitochondrial O2- scavengers in the vestibular labyrinth and illustrates that the specific sites for vestibular MnSOD immunolocalization are the dark cell regions. This site specificity of MnSOD immunolocalization suggests that dark cell regions may possess high metabolic activity and may encounter constant threat from O2-. We assume MnSOD is needed in protecting some physiologic functions of the dark cell regions. Cell types showing negative MnSOD immunostaining may conceivably be relatively vulnerable to acute O2- damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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33
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Abstract
Lead-dependent ribozyme (leadzyme) is a ribozyme working with Pb2+. In this paper, we have investigated the combined effect of metal ions, especially rare earth ions, on the cleavage reaction by the leadzyme. As a result, it was observed that although only a rare earth ion or another divalent ion except Pb2+ did not play a role as the catalyst, the addition of a rare earth ion in the presence of Pb2+ increased significantly the yield of the cleavage reaction. The result suggests that the complex between the leadzyme and the substrate should have two classes of metal ion binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan.
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34
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Lai MT, Ohmichi T, Egusa K, Okada S, Masuda Y. Immunohistochemical localization of manganese superoxide dismutase in the rat cochlea. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1996; 253:273-7. [PMID: 8737784 DOI: 10.1007/bf00171142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There has been recent increasing interest in the involvement of superoxide radicals (O2-) and their scavenging enzymes, the superoxide dismutases, in the patho-physiology of certain diseases. Since mitochondria are significant intracellular sources of O2- and important targets of oxidant injury, determining the intracochlear localization of mitochondrial O2- scavenging enzyme may provide important insight into the pathogenesis of injury due to cochlear oxidants. In order to locate the mitochondrial O2- scavenging enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the authors used a modified immunoglobulin peroxidase bridge sequence method to detect MnSOD in paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed rat cochleas. Site-specific immunolocalization of MnSOD could be demonstrated in the cochlear labyrinth, suggesting that the generation of intracochlear O2- was possibly implicated in the metabolically active sites and sites rich in vascularity. This study also provided a useful probe for detecting MnSOD immunohistochemically from ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-treated materials without requiring an antigen retrieval procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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35
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Abstract
We report a case of bilateral congenital cholesteatoma in a 6-year-old boy. Cholesteatoma was present in both ears around the tympanic isthmus (the only open passage from the tympanic cavity to the attic), extending to behind the horizontal portion of the facial nerve. This patient underwent a total of three canal wall up operations on each side to remove the cholesteatoma completely and improve hearing. This case fulfills the criteria proposed by Derlacki and Clemis in 1965. Bilateral congenital cholesteatoma is a rare condition, but the incidence of congenital cholesteatoma in children has increased recently for the following reasons: Reassessment of the criteria, the introduction of computed tomography, and increased awareness of congenital cholesteatoma. When operating on patients with bilateral cholesteatoma, the best method for preservation of hearing should be chosen. We discuss these problems in the present report.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishizaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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36
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Lai MT, Ohmichi T, Miyahara S, Mori A, Masuda Y. Superoxide dismutases in human palatine tonsils. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1996; 523:120-3. [PMID: 9082755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the protective system of human palatine tonsils against the cytotoxic superoxide radicals (O(-)(2)) generated from the oxygen-related bactericidal system, immunohistochemistry and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry were used to detect the distribution and activities of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in tonsils of different related systemic diseases. Immunohistochemistry showed that SODs distribute in extrafollicular lymphatic tissue and crypt epithelium. No distribution difference could be found between tonsils of different related systemic diseases. ESR revealed no significant difference between SODs activities in tonsils of different related systemic diseases. However, the mitochondrial SOD activity was found to constitute approximately 50%-60% of the total tonsillar cellular SODs activity. The results suggest: i)tonsils possess the ability to control cytotoxic O(-)(2), ii) crypt epithelium and extrafollicular lymphatic tissue may encounter more O(-)(2) threat, iii) SODs may be important in protecting germinal centers from O(-)(2) injury, and iv) systemic diseases are less related to the local expression of tonsillar SODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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37
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Sugimoto N, Nakano S, Katoh M, Matsumura A, Nakamuta H, Ohmichi T, Yoneyama M, Sasaki M. Thermodynamic parameters to predict stability of RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes. Biochemistry 1995; 34:11211-6. [PMID: 7545436 DOI: 10.1021/bi00035a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic parameters (delta H degree, delta S degree, and delta G degree 37) for 16 nearest-neighbor sets and one initiation factor are presented here in order to predict stability of RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes. To determine the nearest-neighbor parameters, thermodynamics for 68 different hybrid sequences (136 single-stranded oligonucleotides) with 5-13 nucleotide length including several duplexes with identical nearest-neighbors were measured by UV melting procedure. These sequences were selected to have many different combinations of nearest-neighbor pairs, and so that the number of the 16 nearest-neighbor sequences in the oligomers were as equal as possible. The structures of the hybrids were also investigated by measuring circular dichroism spectra. Comparing delta G degree 37 values of the hybrids with DNA/DNA and RNA/RNA parameters reported previously (Breslauer, K.J., Frank, R., Blöcker, H., & Marky, L.A. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 3746-3750; Freier, S.M., Kierzek, R., Jaeger, J.A., Sugimoto, N., Caruthers, M.H., Neilson, T., & Turner, D.H. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 9373-9377), RNA/RNA double helix is the most stable of the three kinds of helixes with the same nearest-neighbor sequences. Which is more stable between DNA/DNA and RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes depends on its sequence. Calculated thermodynamic values of hybrid formation with the present parameters reproduce the experimental values within reasonable errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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Lai MT, Ohmichi T, Yuen K, Egusa K, Yorizane S, Masuda Y. Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: a case with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm. J Laryngol Otol 1995; 109:549-52. [PMID: 7643000 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100130683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system (CNS) with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm to illustrate that the commonly encountered unexplainable progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can be an important sign for the early awareness of this rare disorder. The literature on SS is reviewed and the pathogenesis of SS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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39
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Arai Y, Ohmichi T. A Consideration of the Thermodynamic and Magnetic Properties of NaCl-Type Uranium, Neptunium, and Plutonium Compounds. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1995. [DOI: 10.1006/jssc.1995.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Energetic behaviors of eight pairs of RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes with identical nearest neighbors have been investigated by UV melting analysis. In the pairs with identical nearest-neighbor pairs, the melting curve traces at the same strand concentration were very similar. The average difference in stabilization energy of these pairs was 4%, which was about expected within experimental error. These results indicate that the nearest-neighbor model is valid for predicting the stability of RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes as well as RNA/RNA and DNA/DNA duplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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41
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Abstract
Selective sectioning of the singular nerve has proven successful in the relief of incapacitating benign positional vertigo (BPV), presumably on the histopathologic basis of posterior ampullary cupulolithiasis. Although the surgical techniques of transmeatal and the recently introduced retrosigmoid IAC approach have been well described, little has been written about the singular nerve's anatomical relationships determined histologically for each surgical approach. The anatomical relationships of the singular nerve in both the transmeatal and retrosigmoid IAC approaches are discussed. Histologic evidence presented suggests that other mechanisms may also be ultimately responsible for improvement in the symptoms of BPV following transmeatal surgery. Moreover, the high incidence of injury to the endolymphatic duct during retrosigmoid surgery raises questions about the exact role of the endolymphatic duct and sac in inner ear homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohmichi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Toronto
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42
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Ohmichi T, Fukushima N, Rutka J, Hawke M. Computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction of the singular nerve. J Otolaryngol 1988; 17:343-5. [PMID: 3230605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in computer technology have made it possible for detailed and accurate three-dimensional images of complex anatomical structures to be reconstructed from serial histologic sections. This technique is useful in visualizing the morphologic nature and relationships between many intratemporal structures. In this paper, the three-dimensional anatomy of the singular nerve was examined by means of a three-dimensional computer reconstruction. Future applications for this technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohmichi
- Ear Pathology Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Toronto, Ontario
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Saito R, Ohmichi T, Hayashi S, Fujimoto M, Maeta M, Ogura Y, Kikuta A. Visualization of human vestibular aqueduct with computer-aided serial section reconstruction system. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1988; 447:100-4. [PMID: 3263746 DOI: 10.3109/00016488809102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The computer-aided serial section reconstruction system (SERSERS) was employed to elucidate the entire configuration of the vestibular aqueduct in the human temporal bone. The advantages and the disadvantages of this system are discussed in comparison with several conventional methods such as X-ray visualization, plastic casting and graphic reconstruction. In spite of some limitations encountered, such as difficulty in placing a marker on each section or time consumption in data input, SERSERS can be useful in the study of the vestibular aqueduct, since a three-dimensional structure which can be observed from multidirectional aspects is reconstructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Ohmichi T. [The vascular architecture of the vestibule and the endolymphatic duct and sac of the rat]. Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1987; 90:1772-80. [PMID: 3502265 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.90.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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45
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Fukushima S, Ohmichi T, Handa M. The effect of rare earths on thermal conductivity of uranium, plutonium and their mived ovide fuels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(86)90579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tanaka T, Saito R, Ishihara M, Ohmichi T, Ogura Y. Glandular tumors of the external auditory canal. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1984; 33:17-22. [PMID: 6090347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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