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Basa S, Nampally M, Honorato T, Das SN, Podile AR, El Gueddari NE, Moerschbacher BM. The Pattern of Acetylation Defines the Priming Activity of Chitosan Tetramers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1975-1986. [PMID: 31895979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The biological activity of chitosans depends on their degree of polymerization (DP) and degree of acetylation (DA). However, information could also be carried by the pattern of acetylation (PA): the sequence of β-1,4-linked glucosamine (deacetylated/D) and N-acetylglucosamine (acetylated/A) units. To address this hypothesis, we prepared partially acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides from a chitosan polymer (DA = 35%, DPw = 905) using recombinant chitosan hydrolases with distinct substrate and cleavage specificities. The mixtures were separated into fractions DP4-DP12, which were tested for elicitor and priming activities in rice cells. We confirmed that both activities were influenced by DP, but also observed apparent DA-dependent priming activity, with the ADDD+DADD fraction proving remarkably effective. We then compared all four monoacetylated tetramers prepared using different chitin deacetylases and observed significant differences in priming activity. This demonstrates for the first time that PA influences the biological activity of chitosans, which can now be recognized as bona fide information-carrying molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Basa
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Malathi Nampally
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Talita Honorato
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Subha N Das
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany.,University of Hyderabad , Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences , Hyderabad , India
| | - Appa R Podile
- University of Hyderabad , Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences , Hyderabad , India
| | - Nour E El Gueddari
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Bruno M Moerschbacher
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
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Honorato T, Hoek A, Henningsen AK, Pinborg A, Lidegaard O, Mooij T, van Leeuwen F, Land J, Groen H, Haadsma M. Low oocyte yield during IVF treatment and the risk of a trisomic pregnancy. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 35:685-692. [PMID: 28942116 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A low number of antral follicles may result in the selection of suboptimal oocytes that are prone to meiotic errors. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate women receiving IVF treatment with low oocyte yield (defined as three or fewer oocytes retrieved after ovarian stimulation) who are at an increased risk of a trisomic pregnancy. Data were obtained from Danish and Dutch medical registries between 1983 and 2011. Analyses were carried out in 105 cases and 442 controls matched by age and year of IVF treatment. Cases were women with a trisomic pregnancy (trisomies 13, 18 or 21) resulting from fresh IVF treatment and confirmed by karyotyping. Cases were included regardless of pregnancy outcome. Controls were women with a live born child without a trisomy, resulting from fresh IVF treatment. Low oocyte yield was observed in 6.6% (29/440) of the women, of which 8.4% (7/83) were cases and 6.2% (22/357) controls. Low oocyte yield in IVF treatment was not associated with a higher risk of trisomic pregnancy (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.64 to 3.19). Stratification for female age, adjustment for history of ovarian surgery, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone protocol used did not change the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Honorato
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemieke Hoek
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Karina Henningsen
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Section 4071, Juliane Maries Vej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Anja Pinborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegård Allé 302650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ojvind Lidegaard
- Gynaecological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Section 4004, Juliane Maries Vej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Thea Mooij
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor van Leeuwen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolande Land
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Groen
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Haadsma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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