Speciation analysis of manganese against the background of its different content in the blood serum of dairy cows

Studies in the field of microelement speciation in the body of farm animals, in particular dairy cattle, are almost completely absent. The average concentration of Mn in the blood serum of all the studied animals (n = 80) was 2.5 μg/L, which corresponds to normal values. Of the total number of animals, 21% were the cows with the low normal values (serum Mn concentration ≤ 2 µg/L, i.e. less than Q₂₅ of the total sample) and 25% were the animals with the high normal values (serum Mn concentration ≥ 2.72 µg/L, i.e. more than Q₇₅ of the total sample). The data obtained in the course of the study indicate that the change in the Mn level, even in the range of normal values, is accompanied by the redistribution of this element over various protein fractions. The six found Mn blood serum forms are presumably represented by α2-macroglobulin (tetramer, dimer, and monomer), transferrin/albumine, manganese citrates, and "free" metal ions. The analyzed fractions of Mn found in the blood serum of cows had the following hierarchy of concentrations: in the group with low-normal values of Mn ("free" Mn >> tetrameric form of α2-macroglobulin >> transferrin/albumine >> dimeric form of α2-macroglobulin >> monomeric form of α2-macroglobulin >> citrate), in the group with high normal manganese values ("free" Mn >> monomeric form of α2-macroglobulin >> transferring/albumine >> citrate >> tetrameric form of α2-macroglobulin >> dimeric form of α2-macroglobulin). In the group with high normal Mn values relative to the group with low normal values, there was a percentage decrease in the tetrameric fraction of a2-macroglobulin from 17.2 to 4.4%, dimeric fraction of a2-macroglobulin from 6.9 to 2.2%, "free" Mn from 54.3 to 44.4% and an increase in monomeric fraction of a2-macroglobulin from 6.7 to 23.1%, transferrin/albumine from 10.1 to 17.7%, citrate from 4.8 to 8.2%. Our data demonstrate the features of Mn redistribution of dairy cows, which can be used for an extended assessment of the microelement status of animals.

THE ISSUES OF CHARACTER ACCENTUATION ADOLESCENTS WITH DIABETES

Purpose. Theoretical justification and empirical study of the characteristics of adolescents’ personality with diabetes mellitus Method. The study was conducted on a sample of 40 adolescents (20 with diabetes and 20 without). To determine the character accentuations, the following were used: Leonhard’s questionnaire and the method of identification characterological verbal portraits – E.G. Eidemiller. To compare the groups, correlation analysis was used (Mann-Whitney U test). Results. Within group of adolescents with diabetes, the sensitive (40%) and schizoid (30%) types of accentuation prevail, while in healthy adolescents, the hyperthymic (55%) type of accentuation prevails. Adolescents with diabetes were more conflicted and less capable of self-control than a group of adolescents without a diagnosis. On average, accentuations were more pronounced in healthy adolescents, the average scores for each of the accentuations in patients with diabetes mellitus were lower. Also, the correlation coefficients between the indicators of the K. Leonhard method and the indicators of the E.G. Eidemiller method on samples of adolescents with and without a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus turned out to be different. In the group of adolescents with diabetes mellitus, correlations were observed between the following parameters: “emotive type” and “neurasthenic type” (r=0.81, p=0.05), “anxious type” and “paranoid type” (r=0.65, p=0.05), “excitable type” and “unstable type” (r=0.65, p=0.05). In a group of healthy adolescents, the following correlations were found between the indicators of the methods of K. Leonhard and E. G. Eidemiller: “pedantic type” and “hyperthymic type” (r=0.63, p=0.05), “exalted type” and “paranoid type” (r=0.65, p=0.05), “pedantic type” and “hysterical type” (r=0.70, p=0.05), “conformal type” (r=0.63, p=0.05), “cyclothymic type” and “conformal type” (r=0.67, p=0.05). Conclusion. Such results will allow psychologists to more accurately take into account the personal characteristics of adolescents with diabetes and provide them with more effective assistance. Targets for work with adolescent with diabetes mellitus can be their introversion and, accordingly, assiste them in social adaptation, help with lack of self-control, aggressiveness.

Serum and Hair Trace Element and Mineral Levels in Dairy Cows in Relation to Daily Milk Yield

The objective of the present study was to assess hair and serum trace element and mineral levels in dairy cows in relation to daily milk yield. A total of 70 healthy 5-6-year-old Simmental cows were divided into two groups (n = 35) with high and low daily milk yield using median as a cut-off value. Hair and serum trace element and mineral content was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. A nearly twofold difference in daily milk yield (43.8 ± 9.7 vs 21.3 ± 7.1 L/day, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with 11% lower hair Cu (p = 0.043) and 35% higher Se levels (p = 0.058) content when compared animals with lower daily milk yield. Serum trace element levels were found to be more tightly associated with milk productivity in dairy cows. Particularly, serum levels of Se and Zn were found to be 73 and 35% higher in cows with higher milk productivity in comparison to animals with lower milk production, respectively. Serum Co levels also tended to increase with higher milk productivity. Serum minerals including Ca, Mg, and P were also found to be higher in highly productive cows by 6%, 14%, and 71%, respectively. The overall regression model based on serum trace element and mineral levels accounted for 38% of daily milk production variability. Generally, improvement of essential trace element and mineral supply, as well as prevention of copper overload in dairy cows, may be considered the potential tool for modulation of milk productivity.

Speciation of Serum Copper and Zinc-Binding High- and Low-Molecular Mass Ligands in Dairy Cows Using HPLC-ICP-MS Technique

The objective of the present study was assessment of the major copper and zinc species in dairy cow blood serum using a hybrid high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) technique. A total of seventeen 5-6-year-old female Simmental cows, cultivated in the Southern Ural region, were examined. Speciation of serum Cu and Zn was performed using chromatographic PerkinElmer Series 200 system equipped with Agilent Bio SEC-5 Column and docked with NexION 300D mass spectrometer. Analysis of serum ⁶³Cu species revealed four major fractions containing 2.5% (A), 15.6% (B), 75.6% (C), and 11.9% (D) of total copper levels. The revealed fractions could be assigned to tetrameric and dimeric macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, albumin, and low molecular mass (LMM) copper compounds, respectively. Minor fraction (E) containing <1% of total serum Cu levels may be represented by low-molecular mass Cu species. Speciation analysis also revealed four Zn fractions containing 6.3% (A), 16.9% (B), 71% (C), and 3% (D) of total Zn levels that may be attributed to zinc-bound tetrameric and dimeric macroglobulin, albumin, and Zn-amino acid compounds. Correlation analysis demonstrated that relative levels (%) of Zn-B (dimeric α2-macroglobulin), Zn-C (albumin), and Zn-D (LMM) fractions correlate inversely with Cu-A (monomeric α2-macroglobulin) (r = -0.600), Cu-D (albumin) (r = -0.696), and Cu-C (ceruloplasmin) (r = -0.652), respectively. The obtained data demonstrate the particular features of Zn and Cu transport in dairy cows that may be used for assessment of dietary status of trace elements.

[Changes in the content of catecholamines in blood lymphocytes after food consumption in young men in accordance with pronounced body fat component]

We examined practically healthy young men (81 in the ages from 17 to 21 years), the students living in the city of Krasnoyarsk, for whom we defined their somatotypes according to V.P. Chtetzov scheme (1978) and component content of the body (fat, muscle and bone) by caliperometry technique. Catecholamine content (CC) in blood lymphocytes was analysed by luminescence-histochemical technique. Medical examination was carried out both in the fasted state, and in an hour after food intake (mixed breakfast). On an empty stomach CC content was practically the same in the young men of all the compared somatotypes. After food intake, CC statistically meaningful increase was revealed only in abdominal somatotype youngsters as compared to the same indices on an empty stomach (p=0.026). In abdominal somatotype we also found considerably higher CC content after food intake in comparison with the other somatotypes: chest (р=0.021), muscle (р=0.022) and inexplicit (р=0.029). Also, in abdominal somatotype, we revealed the highest absolute indices of fatty tissue content in body composition as compared to other somatotypes: chest (р=0.00000002), muscle (р=0.0002), inexplicit (р=0.000007). Considering CC level before and after food intake, we didn't mark any statistically relevant difference between the youngsters with different body mass indices (BMI). This finding could be caused by the following peculiarity of the BMI evaluation: on the one hand, the growth/weight ratio was calculated, on the other hand, body fatty tissue pronouncement wasn't. Besides, it is fatty tissue, which makes one of the most massive target tissues for CC, and therefore it greatly influences and regulates adipocyte functions. The research allows making the conclusion on the role of the expressiveness of body fatty tissue content as considerable factor, which influences CC content after food loads.

[Daily calorie and macronutrient consumption in girls of different somatotypes with different shares of body fat, muscle and bone components]

211 practically healthy girls, the students of Krasnoyarsk Medical University in the ages of 16 to 20 years, have been examined. We determined their somatotypes (euriplastic, athletic, subathletic and stenoplastic) and body composition (fat, muscle, bone component). Actual nutrition in these subjects was studied by the method. of 24-hour nutrition recall involving foodstuffs models. Energy consumption in cohorts with different somatotypes did not differ from one another and ranged from 1880 to 2115 kilocalories per day, that corresponded to normal physiological needs in women of this age with the coefficient of physical activity as 1.4 (students). Only the intake of fat (% of calories) exceeded the performance standards. As for macronutrients, the majority of indicators of nutrient intake did not differ significantly among girls with different somatotype, except for fat intake in girls with athletic and stenoplastic somatotypes (p<0.034) and carbohydrate consumption in the objects with euriplastic and subathletic somatotypes (p<0.046). The most significant of the findings is the absence of veracious differences in daily energy consumption between the cohorts with different somatotypes with statistically considerable, differences in both overall dimensions (body mass and length) and the ratios between fat, muscle and bone as somatic components. In general, macronutrient consumption did not show any differences as well. Thus, apart from the energy and macronutrient consumption, definite meaning within the process of the formation of body composition can belong to the characteristics of the changes following nutrition load on lipoid spectrum of blood serum as well 'as the peculiarities of the distribution of substrate flow among cell metabolic paths, appropriate of definite somatotypes.

Effect of Food Load on Activities of Enzymes of the Main Metabolic Pathways in Blood Lymphocytes in Girls with Different Anthropometric Parameters

Changes in enzyme activities reflecting functioning of the basic metabolic pathways in cells (Krebs cycle, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway) were evaluated in blood lymphocytes of girls of different somatotypes with different body composition under conditions of food load. A common regularity was found: a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity after meal in girls of all somatotypes. Specific features of individual somatotypes were also revealed. Only girls of athletic somatotype showed increased lactate dehydrogenase level after food load. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased (more than twice) after food load only in girls of euryplastic somatotype. This somatotype is characterized by maximum values of fat and other components of the body. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the first enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway; activation of this pathway accompanies enhancement of synthetic processes, including lipid synthesis. This can contribute to accumulation of the fat component (and other components) due to redistribution of substrate flows between metabolic pathways.

[Alteration of serum lipid profile in young men with different somatotypes after food load]

Serum lipid profiles of 76 men of young age (17-21years) were investigated using thin layer chromatography and determination of somatotypes was realized using the scheme of V.P. Chtetsov et al. (1978). The investigation was conducted on an empty stomach and after one hour after food loads (test meal with energy value of 419 kcal, content of proteins - 17,9 g, fats - 11,9 g, carbohydrates - 60,1 g). Regularities inherent to certain somatotypes were revealed. In young men with the abdominal somatotype (with the most pronounced fat component), changes evidencing membranes rigidity growth were revealed: cholesterol esterification processes inhibition and increase of sphingomyelin after meal (p = 0.001). In young men with muscular somatotype the highest level of phosphatidylcholine and the lowest level of easily-oxidized phospholipid fractions in comparison to other somatotypes [thoracic (p = 0.044), abdominal (p = 0.037) and undetermined (p = 0.021)] were registered. General rule is lowering of the free fatty acids levels after meal in comparison with the indices on the empty stomach for all somatotypes: thoracic (p = 0.0001), muscular (p = 0.012), abdominal (p = 0.041) and undetermined (p = 000018). Definiteness of the effect of lowering of free fatty acids levels after meal for all somatotypes could evidence the importance Of this process for maintaining the homeostatic body constants.

[The social psychological support of the system of quality management in medical organization]

The effective activities of any medical organization targeted to enhance the consumer's satisfaction require the implementation of the actual techniques and organizational technologies of quality management. The social psychological techniques based on the system approach and up-to-date innovations play the key role. The study intends a required involvement of medical personnel and direction of their efforts to the continual enhancement of their activities. The core purpose of the study was to develop the system of social psychological support of its basic element--the ethical standard of medical personnel. The involvement of all personnel in the medical organization makes it possible to develop in employees the commitment to the postulates of ethical standard and to decrease the risks of opposition to innovations. The comprehensive approach of developing of the subsystem of social psychological support within the structure of the quality management system to facilitate the practical implementation and improvement of all components is considered. This design ensures the amelioration of effectiveness of activities, sustainable development and competitiveness of modern medical organization.

[Comparative analysis of the anthropometric parameters and body component content in girls with the disturbances of sexual development of chromosomal and non-chromosomal genesis]

195 girls aged 14-16 years with the disturbances of sexual development of chromosomal and non-chromosomal genesis were examined. In girls with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, the body mass and length, as well as the relative adipose tissue content, were significantly decreased as compared with those in girls with the disturbances of sexual development of non-chromosomal genesis. The differences in somatotype distribution between these groups were detected. The majority of the girls with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome with karyotype changes (monosomy of X-chromosome) had stenoplastic somatotype (70.6%). Among the girls with amenorhhea of non-chromosomal genesis, the stenoplastic (33.3%) and subathletic somatotypes (33.3%) prevailed. In both groups of girls with the disturbances in sexual maturation, the absence of athletic somatotype was noted.

[Activity of succinate dehydrogenase from peripheral blood lymphocytes in girls with sexual maturation disturbance of chromosome genesis]

We carried out a comparative analysis of activity of enzymes characterizing metabolic (SDG) and catabolic (KF) processes in immune system cells of 195 girls with sexual maturation disturbance of chromosome (Shereshevsky-Terner syndrome--STS) and non-chromosome genesis. KF activity was similar in the compared groups and 14 control girls, while SDG activity and FSH levels were much higher in STS girls compared to control girls and girls with amenorrhea of non-chromosome genesis. Thus, FSH has a considerable influence upon metabolic parameters of immune system cells.

[Calcified aortal stenosis and osteoporosis: bone metabolism of systemic calcium metabolism in the elderly]

AIM

To examine bone tissue, systemic calcium metabolism and bone remodeling in patients with calcified aortal stenosis of degenerative origin (DAS).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The examination of 310 patients (mean age 73.2 years) was made with application of questioning, echocardiography, double energetic x-ray absorptionmetry, measurements of C-telopeptides, osteocalcin, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone with solid phase enzyme immunoassay.

RESULTS

Bone tissue mineral density (BTMD) was abnormal in 71% of examinees (osteopenia--40%, osteoporosis--31%). Vitamin D concentration under 50 nmol/l was in 76.3%, parathyroid hormone elevated above 100 pg/ml in 15.8% patients.

CONCLUSION

The severity of lumbar spine affection depended on severity of calcinosis of aortic valve, was associated with lowering of osteosynthetic activity and was not associated with the presence of osteoporosis risk factors, constitutional parameters, calcium metabolism changes. This suggests the existance of a special form of BTMD disorder in elderly patients with aortal stenosis.

[Anthropometric parameters and body composition in girls with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome]

Anthropometric parameters, body composition and somatotype distribution were examined in 91 girl with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, which develops as a result of sex chomosome anomaly. Somatotype definition was carried out using V.P. Chtetzov method, while osseous age was determined radiographically. Among the patients with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome studied, marked prevalence of those with leptosomal constitution (82.3%) and stenoplastic somatotype (70.6%) was detected. Patients with megalosomatic constitution were rare: subathletic and auriplastic somatotypes were detected in 5.9% each, athletic somatotype was absent. These regularities may be associated not only with a sex chromosome anomaly, but with severe hormonal disbalance, which developed in this disease.

[Molecular-biologic aspects of interaction between nervous and immune systems]

The problem of the neuro-immuno interactions on the level of the protein trans-factors, stimulating interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene expression was discussed. The physico-chemical and functional parameters of the low molecular nuclear proteins (SP and BP- 14, 18, 19 kDs) isolated from splenic and brain cells of immunized rats were studied. The binding of these proteins to the regulatory region of IL-2 gene in vitro and stimulation of the IL-2mRNA synthesis in splenic T-lymphocytes culture in normal conditions were shown. The protective effect of SP and BP on the IL-2mRNA synthesis in stressful conditions and by the T-cells treatment with the CsA was demonstrated.

[Detection of B-cell marker of rheumatism using monoclonal antibodies D8/17 in the families of patients with rheumatism]

To study hereditary disposition for rheumatism (R) 141 persons including 26 probands of patients with R, 79 relatives and also 12 newborns of mothers with R were examined. The carriage of the B-cell markers was studied by means of antibodies D8/17. The B-cell marker was revealed in 96.2 per cent probands and in 41.4 per cent relatives. Among the female relatives with R the B-cell marker carriage was revealed in 51.2 per cent, among the male relatives in 25.9 per cent. A high carriage of the given marker in children and young people aged 4-34 born of mothers with R was noted (66.7 per cent). Among the newborn no carriers of the B-cell marker were detected. A conclusion has been made of the participation of the B-cell marker in the formation of hereditary predisposition for R.

[Detection of B-cell marker of rheumatism using monoclonal antibodies D8/17 in families of patients with rheumatism (report 1)]

Results of clinico-genealogical and immunogenetic examination of 220 persons including 150 patients suffering from rheumatism and members of their families have been presented. The object of the examination was a B-cell marker carriership to be determined by means of monoclonic antibodies D8/17 with the use of the microlymphocytotoxic method. The marker carriership was detected in 96 per cent of probands-patients with rheumatism and in 40.3 per cent of their relatives and in 6.7 per cent of healthy individuals of the control group. A possible contribution of the B-cell marker to rheumatism liability was suggested. A further study of the role of the given marker in rheumatism has been found advisable.

[The detection of B-lymphocyte alloantigen in patients with rheumatism and rheumatic heart defects]

The article presents the results on finding beta-lymphocytes marker with the aid of monoclonal antibodies in 96% of Moscow population and its absence in other groups of patients. These data are correlated with the results of international findings.