1
|
Tang CP, Hung SF, Lee CC, Ho TP, Leung PWL. 15-year computer-record study of adolescents exposed to peer suicide. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25 Suppl 3:11-12. [PMID: 30792365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong
| | - P W L Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ho TP, Zhao X, Courville AB, Linderman JD, Smith S, Sebring N, Della Valle DM, Fitzpatrick B, Simchowitz L, Celi FS. Effects of a 12-month moderate weight loss intervention on insulin sensitivity and inflammation status in nondiabetic overweight and obese subjects. Horm Metab Res 2015; 47:289-96. [PMID: 24977656 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1382011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss intervention is the principal non-pharmacological method for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, little is known whether it influences insulin sensitivity directly or via its anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to assess the independent role of changes in inflammation status and weight loss on insulin sensitivity in this population.Overweight and obese nondiabetic participants without co-morbidities underwent a one-year weight loss intervention focused on caloric restriction and behavioral support. Markers of inflammation, body composition, anthropometric para-meters, and insulin sensitivity were recorded at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and Minimal Model. Twenty-eight participants (F: 15, M: 13, age 39±5 years, BMI 33.2±4.6 kg/m(2)) completed the study, achieving 9.4±6.9% weight loss, which was predominantly fat mass (7.7±5.6 kg, p<0.0001). Dietary intervention resulted in significant decrease in leptin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, hs-CRP, and IL-6 (all p<0.02), and improvement in HOMA-IR and Insulin Sensitivity Index (SI) (both p<0.001). In response to weight loss IL-1β, IL-2, leptin, and resistin were significantly associated with insulin, sensitivity, whereas sICAM-1 had only marginal additive effect. Moderate weight loss in otherwise healthy overweight and obese individuals resulted in an improvement in insulin sensitivity and in the overall inflammation state; the latter played only a minimal independent role in modulating insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - X Zhao
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A B Courville
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J D Linderman
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Smith
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Sebring
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D M Della Valle
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Fitzpatrick
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Simchowitz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F S Celi
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schwalenberg T, Stolzenburg JU, Ho TP, Mallock T, Hartenstein S, Alexander H, Zimmermann G, Hohenfellner R, Denzinger S, Burger M, Horn LC, Neuhaus J. Enhanced urothelial expression of human chorionic gonadotropin beta (hCGβ) in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC). World J Urol 2011; 30:411-7. [PMID: 21877171 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-011-0755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is associated with urothelial lesions. Pathomechanisms of urothelial damage and factors for urothelial restoration are unknown. hCG is a factor for cellular differentiation, angiogenesis and immune competence of the endometrium during pregnancy. Clinical observations demonstrate improvement of BPS/IC symptoms during pregnancy or during infertility treatment with hCG. Our research aims were to examine the expression of hCG and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the urothelium of BPS/IC patients and compare the levels of hCGβ with healthy controls. METHODS Bladder biopsies of BPS/IC (CLSM: n = 10; qPCR: n = 15); Tumour-free control tissue from cystectomies (n = 12). hCGα, hCGβ and LHR expression were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and hCGβ expression was quantified. hCGβ5 and hCGβ7 mRNA splice variants were quantified in real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found constitutive expression of hCGα, hCGβ and LHR in healthy controls. HCGβ was significantly upregulated in BPS/IC patients in CLSM. PCR analysis revealed higher levels of hCGβ7 than hCGβ5 in controls and BPS/IC patients. CONCLUSIONS The constitutive expression of hCG and LHR speaks in favour for a functional signalling in urothelial cells without any association with either pregnancy or tumour. We show for the first time that hCGβ is upregulated in BPS/IC urothelium and that hCGβ7 is the dominant splice variant in those cells. Our findings imply a major role of hCG for urothelial integrity and a disturbance of hCG signalling in case of BPS/IC. We conclude that hCG could gain therapeutical relevance in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Schwalenberg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lam AKS, Ho TP. Early adolescent outcome of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Chinese population: 5-year follow-up study. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:257-264. [PMID: 20683067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine early adolescent outcome of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in local Chinese children. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING A university teaching hospital in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS A cohort of Chinese children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) who attended a day hospital between January 1998 and December 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data on psychopathology, academic attainment, delinquency, substance use, and other psychosocial functioning collected from multiple informants and official records. Performances of subjects were compared with a group of community controls. RESULTS A total of 150 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were reassessed 6 years after initial intake assessment (mean age, 14 years; follow-up rate, 86%). Compared with the controls, their externalising and internalising disturbances were 4 and 1.5 times more common, respectively. Adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were more likely to smoke cigarettes and use illicit drugs. Their academic attainment was below age norms with more than one fourth repeating grades; 7% of them had been arrested by the police compared with none of the controls. They faced more difficulties in the family environment and social problem-solving. There were discrepancies between parent and patient reports about their attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, and officially recorded youth reports of delinquency. CONCLUSION Local Chinese children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are at significant risk of multiple forms of adolescent maladjustment. Their outcome profile is similar to that reported in the West.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K S Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheung C, Chua SE, Cheung V, Khong PL, Tai KS, Wong TKW, Ho TP, McAlonan GM. White matter fractional anisotrophy differences and correlates of diagnostic symptoms in autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2009; 50:1102-12. [PMID: 19490309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with autism have impairments in 3 domains: communication, social interaction and repetitive behaviours. Our previous work suggested early structural and connectivity abnormalities in prefrontal-striato-temporal-cerebellar networks but it is not clear how these are linked to diagnostic indices. METHOD Children with autism (IQ > 70) aged 6 to 14 years old and matched typically developing controls were studied using diffusion tensor imaging. Voxel-based methods were used to compare fractional anisotrophy (FA) measures in each group and to correlate FA measures in the autism group with the diagnostic phenotype described by the Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised (ADI-R) algorithm for ICD-10. RESULTS After controlling for the effects of age and white matter volume, we found that FA in the autism group was significantly lower than controls in bilateral prefrontal and temporal regions, especially in the right ventral temporal lobe adjacent to the fusiform gyrus. FA was greater in autism in the right inferior frontal gyrus and left occipital lobe. We observed a tight correlation between lower FA and higher ADI-R diagnostic algorithm scores across white matter tracts extending from these focal regions of group difference. Communication and social reciprocity impairments correlated with lower FA throughout fronto-striato-temporal pathways. Repetitive behaviours correlated with white matter indices in more posterior brain pathways, including splenium of the corpus callosum and cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the position that diagnostic symptoms of autism are associated with a core disruption of white matter development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leung PWL, Kwong SL, Tang CP, Ho TP, Hung SF, Lee CC, Hong SL, Chiu CM, Liu WS. Test-retest reliability and criterion validity of the Chinese version of CBCL, TRF, and YSR. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006; 47:970-3. [PMID: 16930392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of CBCL, TRF, and YSR were understudied. This study aimed at examining their test-retest reliability and criterion validity. METHODS Three Chinese community and clinic samples were recruited in Hong Kong. The parents, teachers, and youths respectively completed the CBCL, TRF, and YSR. RESULTS The Chinese CBCL, TRF, and YSR were test-retest reliable and valid. However, there was score/case attenuation at retest. CBCL and TRF appeared to screen externalizing and ADHD problems better, while YSR screened internalizing problems better. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be cautious about score/case attenuation at retest while using CBCL, TRF, and YSR to chart patients' progress. They should also recognize their different strengths in screening various disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W L Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to define the cognitive domains that influence valved speech rehabilitation. METHODS Sixteen laryngectomees with primary tracheoesophageal punctures were randomly recruited from one head and neck unit. They were assessed by a consultant neuropsychologist and a speech therapist. Speech therapy time was determined from speech therapy notes. RESULTS The Digit Symbol Substitution Test, assessing learning speed and processing speed, correlated significantly with speech therapy time in the first (p = .002) and third (p = .014) postoperative years, respectively. Categorical fluency assessment correlated positively with speech therapy time in the first year (p = .009). Learning speed (p = .007) and categorical fluency (p = .041) correlated positively with the fall in speech therapy input between the first and third year after laryngectomy. CONCLUSIONS Learning speed, processing speed, and categorical fluency strongly influence alaryngeal speech rehabilitation. This study highlights the potential for pre-laryngectomy cognitive assessment to help plan alaryngeal speech rehabilitation. This has significant resource implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant number of patients committed suicide while receiving in-patient treatment in psychiatric hospitals. Most previous studies on psychiatric in-patient suicides were conducted in the West. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and identify risk factors of suicides occurring during psychiatric in-patient care in Hong Kong. METHOD The case record data of suicide cases (Coroner's verdicts of suicides and undetermined deaths) from all public psychiatric hospitals in the entire region within a 3 years' period (N=93) were compared with matched controls. RESULTS In-patient suicide rate was 269/100,000 admissions. Majority had schizophrenia. Suicide usually occurred after the first month of admission, during leave, and by jump from heights. There were little case-control differences in treatment received. Multiple conditional logistic regression found 5 risk factors: previous history of deliberate self-harm (OR=4.60, 95% CI=1.57-13.5); admitted because of suicidal behaviour (OR=3.92, 95% CI=1.3-11.9); depressive symptoms at time of suicide (OR=8.53, 95% CI=1.4-52); away without leave at anytime during index admission (OR=17, 95% CI=1.76-163); and extrapyramidal side effects/akathisia at time of suicide (OR=10.8, 95% CI=1.75-66.7). LIMITATIONS Retrospective case record review depended on non-standardized and variable quality of case notes entry. Matching for hospitals in this study would make the comparison between hospitals impossible. Although this is the second largest case-control study of psychiatric in-patient suicide, the estimated power suggested subtle risk factors would be missed. CONCLUSION Majority of in-patient suicides occurred at a time of perceived low risk. A high sensitivity to the risk of suicide and vigorous treatment of depressive symptoms were indicated. The care processes during the index admission could bear strong influences on the risk of in-patient suicides.
Collapse
|
9
|
Leung PWL, Lee CC, Hung SF, Ho TP, Tang CP, Kwong SL, Leung SY, Yuen ST, Lieh-Mak F, Oosterlaan J, Grady D, Harxhi A, Ding YC, Chi HC, Flodman P, Schuck S, Spence MA, Moyzis R, Swanson J. Dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in Han Chinese children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): increased prevalence of the 2-repeat allele. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 133B:54-6. [PMID: 15578612 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is an increased prevalence of the 7-repeat (7R) allele of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the population prevalence of the 7R allele varies considerably across ethnicity and is very low in Asians. To test whether this 7R allele/ADHD association still held in a Chinese clinical sample, 32 Han Chinese children with a confirmed ADHD diagnosis and normal IQ who were methylphenidate-responders were genotyped. None of them had a DRD4 7R allele. Instead, we observed a significantly increased prevalence of the 2-repeat (2R) allele in this clinical sample (33%) compared to ethnically-matched controls (20%) (chi(2)(1d.f.) = 5.90, P = 0.015). This approximately 1.65-fold increase of the 2R allele in our probands is close to the observed increase of the 7R allele in European-ancestry ADHD children. Recent genetic studies have indicated that the 2R allele in Asians is likely derived from the 7R allele. Further, available biochemical data indicate that both the 2R and 7R protein have blunted responses to dopamine compared to the 4R protein. Based on these results, we propose that the observed increased prevalence of the 2R allele in our Han Chinese ADHD probands is still consistent with the 7R allele hypothesis of ADHD in European-ancestry children. Recent studies have suggested that any variant from the conserved ancestral 4R allele might potentially alter biochemistry/phenotype. We hypothesize that an increased frequency of any non-4R allele may define the association of the DRD4 gene with ADHD that holds across ethnicity. The present findings, however, obtained with a small ADHD sample size, should be replicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W L Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ho TP, Tay MSM. Suicides in general hospitals in Hong Kong: retrospective study. Hong Kong Med J 2004; 10:319-24. [PMID: 15479960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of suicidal patients and their suicidal acts occurring in general wards. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING All general public hospitals in Hong Kong. PATIENTS Survey data based on hospital records of patients who died of suicide or who attempted suicide in general wards between 2000 and 2002 were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic information, medical history, and circumstances of the suicidal acts. RESULTS Twenty-six hospitals reported a total of 166 suicidal acts, which included 34 completed suicides, corresponding to 9.46 attempted suicides and 1.93 completed suicides per 100 000 admissions. Most suicidal acts occurred in medical wards. Patients were, on average, in their mid-50s, predominantly male, and had been admitted because of physical problems. Fewer than 20% were admitted because of attempted suicide. A significant proportion of suicide attempters used potentially lethal suicide methods in the wards. Wide ranges of objects were used in the suicidal acts. Completed suicides tended to occur after midnight and in the ward toilet. Patients who went missing and then committed suicide acts did so in the first few hours of leaving the hospital. The timing of suicidal acts varied greatly with the reasons of admission. CONCLUSION Prevention efforts in general wards are unlikely to be effective if they simply focus on patients admitted for attempted suicide, or on the restriction of suicide means. For patients admitted to general wards because of attempted suicide, the risk is highest just after admission; hence, these patients have to be monitored closely. A high degree of alertness to the possibility of depression and suicidal risk among general ward patients is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ho TP, Carrie S, Meikle D, Wood KM. T-cell lymphoma presenting as acute mastoiditis with a facial palsy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 68:1199-201. [PMID: 15302153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Accepted: 02/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isolated T-cell lymphomas affecting only the mastoid are extremely rare. Presentation with oto-neurological signs prior to systemic involvement of a lymphoproliferative disease is also unusual. This is the youngest reported patient with a peripheral T-cell lymphoma with disease isolated only in the mastoid who presented with acute mastoiditis and a complete seventh cranial nerve palsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JGR, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RIS, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J. The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature 2004; 429:375-81. [PMID: 15164054 DOI: 10.1038/nature02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Accepted: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The finished sequence of human chromosome 10 comprises a total of 131,666,441 base pairs. It represents 99.4% of the euchromatic DNA and includes one megabase of heterochromatic sequence within the pericentromeric region of the short and long arm of the chromosome. Sequence annotation revealed 1,357 genes, of which 816 are protein coding, and 430 are pseudogenes. We observed widespread occurrence of overlapping coding genes (either strand) and identified 67 antisense transcripts. Our analysis suggests that both inter- and intrachromosomal segmental duplications have impacted on the gene count on chromosome 10. Multispecies comparative analysis indicated that we can readily annotate the protein-coding genes with current resources. We estimate that over 95% of all coding exons were identified in this study. Assessment of single base changes between the human chromosome 10 and chimpanzee sequence revealed nonsense mutations in only 21 coding genes with respect to the human sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Deloukas
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ho TP, El-Sheikh MFA, Talbot D. Case report: living related renal transplantation with a donor kidney with pelviureteric junction obstruction using an Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:1193-4. [PMID: 12072313 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)02633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wong MTP, Ho TP, Ho MY, Yu CS, Wong YH, Lee SY. Development and inter-rater reliability of a standardized verbal instruction manual for the Chinese Geriatric Depression Scale-short form. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17:459-63. [PMID: 11994935 DOI: 10.1002/gps.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a common screening tool for elderly depression in Hong Kong. This study aimed at (1) developing a standardized manual for the verbal administration and scoring of the GDS-SF, and (2) comparing the inter-rater reliability between the standardized and non-standardized verbal administration of GDS-SF. Two studies were reported. In Study 1, the process of developing the manual was described. In Study 2, we compared the inter-rater reliabilities of GDS-SF scores using the standardized verbal instructions and the traditional non-standardized administration. Results of Study 2 indicated that the standardized procedure in verbal administration and scoring improved the inter-rater reliabilities of GDS-SF.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ho TP, Bhattacharya V, Wyatt MG. Chylous cyst of the small bowel mesentery presenting as a contained rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2002; 23:82-3. [PMID: 11748955 DOI: 10.1053/ejvs.2001.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kan CK, Ho TP. Triiodothyronine augmentation for the treatment of depression in substance misusers unresponsive to tricyclic antidepressants. Hong Kong Med J 2001; 7:299-302. [PMID: 11590273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on two substance misusers with depression resistant to tricyclic antidepressant treatment who responded to triiodothyronine augmentation. The management of resistant depression, augmentation strategies with particular reference to triiodothyronine, and the possible mechanism of action of triiodothyronine are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C K Kan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ho TP, Carrie S. Congenital anosmia. Int J Clin Pract 2001; 55:418-9. [PMID: 11501236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We present two cases demonstrating congenital anosmia. In both cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has served to highlight an interesting clinical oddity. To date, there has only been one study of the use of MRI in the assessment of patients with congenital anosmia who do not have Kallmann's syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ho TP, Leung PW, Hung SF, Lee CC, Tang CP. The mental health of the peers of suicide completers and attempters. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2000; 41:301-8. [PMID: 10784077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence and risk of psychiatric disturbances and suicidal behaviours among the peers of suicide attempters and completers. The subjects were selected from high schools with and without history of student suicides in the past 3 years. The psychiatric disturbances (as measured by the YSR and CBCL), suicidal behaviours, drug use, and a wide range of potential risk factors were measured. About a quarter of the peers of suicide completers and attempters were probable psychiatric cases and 15-21% of them reported suicidal acts. The increased risk of psychiatric disturbances and suicidal behaviours were still evident after controlling for age, sex, and potential risk factors. The presence of psychiatric disturbances could not wholly account for the increased odds of suicidal behaviours. Peers of suicide attempters carried a higher risk than peers of suicide completers. The close friends of suicide completers were particularly at risk of internalising problems, whereas the close friends of suicide attempters were at high risk of externalising problems. The peers of suicide completers and attempters represent a high-risk group for psychiatric disturbances and suicidal behaviours. The specific association of different types of psychiatric disturbances in the peers of suicide completers and attempters suggested that different risk mechanisms might be in operation within these peer groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
A 50-year-old man presented with a left-sided neck mass. Clinical examination revealed a large fluctuant 7 cm x 7 cm mass in the left posterior triangle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an encapsulated soft tissue lesion. He underwent exploration of the neck and a 14 cm by 8 cm mass enfolding the accessory nerve was identified and completely excised. Histological examination of the surgical specimen showed features in keeping with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST). We present the clinical and pathological features of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sunderland Royal Hospital, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the applicability and outcome of parent management training in a group of Chinese children referred for aggressive and defiant behaviors. METHOD Twenty-five children (aged 4-10 years) were assigned to a standardized 8 to 12 sessions of parent management training. Trained child and adolescent psychiatric nurses conducted the treatment. Measures taken at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 4-month follow-up period included the Child Behavior Checklist, direct observation of parent-child interactions, and a parent perception inventory. RESULTS Significant therapeutic gains occurred in parent-child interactions, externalizing behaviors, and parents' perception of their parenting behaviors. These were maintained at 4-month follow-up. Fifty-two percent of cases improved to a level below clinical cutoffs. Poor parent-child interactions had stronger correlation with externalizing disturbances than internalizing disturbances. The changes in parent-child interactions had low correlation with the changes in the symptom profiles. CONCLUSIONS The data provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of parent management training for Chinese children with conduct problems. The rationale for its success and modifications to improve its cultural sensitivity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Police investigation records of all suicide cases in 1992 (n = 769) and the suicide notes that had been left (224 notes for 154 subjects) were examined. Note-leavers were characterized as young females, of non-widowed marital status, with no history of previous suicide attempts, no previous psychiatric illness, and with religious beliefs. Suicide notes written by young people were longer, rich in emotions, and often begging for forgiveness. Suicide notes written by the elderly were shorter, contained specific instructions, and were less emotional. A significant proportion of note-leavers did mention their difficulties. Suicide notes may serve some explanatory purpose and may have a therapeutic role in helping the surviving relatives to understand the suicide. A knowledge of the messages contained within suicide notes could be useful for suicide prevention programmes. The significance of suicide notes is best understood within the context of the occurrence of suicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ho TP, Hung SF. The prevention of youth suicide: research and services. Hong Kong Med J 1998; 4:195-202. [PMID: 11832573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In parallel with the escalating concern about youth suicides in the 1970s in the West, came an increase in suicide prevention efforts. The production of research data in the past 20 years enables us to evaluate the rationale and effectiveness of these suicide prevention programmes. Effective prevention programmes for youth suicide depend on our knowledge of the scope of the problem, factors associated with its occurrence, and an evaluation of the existing prevention strategies. The aim of this article is to review the main body of knowledge on the prevalence of and risk factors for youth suicide (both completed and attempted suicides) and use these to assess various prevention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the seasonality of suicides in Australia and New Zealand during the period 1981 to 1993. METHODS A chi-square test and a harmonic analysis were used to detect the seasonality of the suicide data. RESULTS The reduced amplitude and a smaller proportion of variance accounted for by seasonality suggested the seasonal effect on suicide is greatly diminished. The absence of biseasonal distribution of female suicides was also consistently found in the two countries. The finding was contrary to the reported results in seventies in many Western countries. CONCLUSIONS The change in living condition, roles of males and females and communication pattern resulted in the reduction of climatic and environment effect in the seasonality of suicides were suggested. LIMITATIONS The results would be better if a longer series of suicide date were available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Yip
- Department of Statistics, The University of Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
This is a prospective study comparing a consecutive sample of child psychiatric patients at a community child mental health clinic (N = 56) and hospital clinic (N = 42) in Hong Kong. The subjects and their parents were studied with standardized questionnaires and semistructured interviews at their first visits to the clinics. A review of the treatment received was conducted 15 months later. Across settings, subjects were similar in sociodemographic profile, degree of social adversity, number of preceding life events, duration of chief complaints, maternal psychopathology, parental explanatory models of the child's problems, and expectations in treatment. Community clinic attenders had more disruptive behavioral problems, received shorter treatment, and less inpatient care than hospital clinic attenders. Subjects in both settings had very similar previous help-seeking behaviors. The findings suggested that the community clinic attracted disturbed children of similar backgrounds. The community child mental health clinic appeared to be a viable alternative in providing psychiatric care to children in Hong Kong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cottingham B, Borst I, Campbell PO, Gallagher K, Ho TP, Kowalski V, Lin S, MacLean DB, Mookherjae S, Polywacz J, Rajan J, Smittle R, Williams A, Wolf WR, Wong WK. Laboratory Quality Assurance Committee. J AOAC Int 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/80.1.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
The seasonal variation in suicides in Hong Kong and Taiwan during the period 1981 to 1993 was examined using harmonic analysis. A single cycle per year with lowest incidence in the winter months was found in both locations and for both sexes. Despite the regional differences in ascertainment procedures and preferred suicide methods, the absence of a biseasonal distribution of female suicides was consistently observed. This finding was contrary to that reported in many Western countries. A non-shared psychosocial process underlying the cross-cultural differences in the seasonality of female suicide is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
In a two-stage community study of 3069 Chinese schoolboys in Hong Kong, those entering stage 2 were classified by scores on Rutter's teacher and parent questionnaires into: (1) a mixed hyperactive/conduct-disturbed (HA-CD) group; (2) a pure hyperactive (HA) group; (3) a pure conduct-disturbed (CD) group; and (4) a normal control group. The four groups of children were compared on a series of psychosocial, cognitive and neurodevelopmental measures. This was followed by a regression analysis to examine the specificity of the differential patterns of associations between HA and CD. There was a mix of negative and positive findings defying a simple, definitive conclusion. However, the positive findings that did emerge supported a growing body of recent literature which favoured a separation of HA from CD and their cross-cultural validity: the former was associated with neurodevelopmental impairments, the latter with family disharmony. The mixed condition, HA-CD, was a hybrid of its two constituent conditions, displaying the attributes of both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P W Leung
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
This study employed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to describe the help-seeking processes and examine the determinants of help-seeking behaviours in 100 consecutive referrals to a child psychiatric clinic in Hong Kong. The help-seeking processes were characterized by (1) a sequential pattern of lay consultations starting from the families, relatives, friends and, rarely, neighbours; (2) detour via multiple professionals; (3) delay in reaching specialist services. A total of seven psychosocial variables were used to predict the help-seeking behaviours. The younger the child was, the more likely members outside the families were sought for advice. A large number of professional consultations was predicted by a high symptom score and relative old age in the referred child, less social disadvantages in the family and parental beliefs that family influences were not the cause of the child's problems. A long delay in reaching specialist services was predicted by a high symptom score in the child. Parental beliefs of outside influences being the cause of the child's problems predicted a short delay in reaching the clinic. Low awareness of services was the predominant difficulty parents encountered when they sought psychiatric care for their children. Public health education to demystify the cause of mental disturbances, close networking with teachers and general practitioners, and establishment of community child mental health clinics for easy access are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ho TP, Leung PW, Luk ES, Taylor E, Bacon-Shone J, Mak FL. Establishing the constructs of childhood behavioral disturbances in a Chinese population: a questionnaire study. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1996; 24:417-31. [PMID: 8886939 DOI: 10.1007/bf01441565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The behavioral problems of Chinese children were examined in a questionnaire study of a representative sample of 3,069 seven-year-old Chinese schoolboys in Hong Kong using Rutter's questionnaires for completion by parents and teachers. Separate robust dimensions of hyperactivity, antisocial, and neurotic behaviors were evident. The correlations among different dimensions were similar to those reported in the West. Short-term longitudinal analysis suggested that these dimensions were stable over time and that antisocial behaviors might develop in hyperactive children. The finding highlights the necessity of differentiating the hyperactive domain from the antisocial one. A significant source effect was found in all three dimensions. Chinese schoolboys had nearly two times the level of questionnaire-rated hyperactivity compared with school boys in the West; but it is premature to conclude that hyperactivity is more common in Chinese schoolboys in Hong Kong. Cross-cultural differences in adults' expectations and tolerance remain a plausible explanation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
This paper aims to examine the changes in frequency, distribution and methods of suicide in the past 30 years in Hong Kong, and to explore the sociocultural factors behind such changes. Official data on suicides, undetermined deaths and seven social variables were used to estimate the age-, sex- and method-specific suicide rates and monthly occurrence of suicides, and to measure social changes. A low "anomie" status has been maintained for the past 30 years in Hong Kong. After accounting for undetermined deaths, suicide rates in adult males and young females (aged 15-24 years) decreased, while the rates in adult females remained stable. The phenomenon may be due to a protective effect of employment in males and by the changing status of women in Hong Kong. Suicide by jumping from heights became increasingly common, but appears to have substituted other means of suicide rather than increasing the overall suicide rate. Winter months had lower suicide rates, and the same circannual rhythm across diverse cultures speaks for a shared socio-biological process underlying suicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to examine the validity of different diagnostic definitions of hyperactivity in a Chinese population. Estimates of the prevalence of hyperactivity were made according to these different diagnostic definitions. METHOD In a two-stage epidemiological study of hyperactivity in Hong Kong, 3069 Chinese schoolboys were screened by questionnaires; and a stratified sample of 611 of them entered a second stage for more detailed diagnostic assessment. RESULTS Children with hyperkinetic disorder (ICD-10) or ADDH (DSM-III) both displayed significant hyperactive symptoms, but with somewhat different external correlates; hyperkinetic disorder tended to show more neurodevelopmental impairments, ADDH more cognitive and educational difficulties. These findings raise the possibility of heterogeneity in the disorders present with hyperactivity. The DSM-III-R category of ADHD was more common, and those extra cases, that did not overlap with ADDH or hyperkinetic disorder, included children with no obvious behavioural, cognitive or neurodevelopmental impairments. Hence ADHD may be an over-inclusive category. Prevalence rates for hyperkinetic disorder, ADDH and ADHD were respectively 0.78%, 6.1% and 8.9%. CONCLUSIONS A disorder of hyperactivity does exist in the Chinese culture, displaying the same kinds of symptomatology and external correlates as in the West. The prevalence rates of hyperkinetic disorder and ADDH in Chinese schoolboys are on the low side when compared to those reported in Western studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P W Leung
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Groups of home and school situational hyperactive primary schoolboys identified from the community were compared with pervasive hyperactive and non-hyperactive controls on a wide range of measures. The hyperactive groups tended to persist in the same category over a half-year period. Both situational hyperactive groups had lower measured activity levels than the pervasive hyperactive group and only the latter differed from non-hyperactive controls. Home hyperactivity was characterized by poor family relationships and was not distinguishable from non-hyperactive home-antisocial controls. School hyperactive boys had specific correlates of low intelligence, motor clumsiness, poor reading and academic abilities. Pervasive hyperactive subjects differed from both situational groups in showing a higher percentage of delayed language development. While home hyperactivity has dubious identity, the distinct pattern of external correlates in school and pervasive hyperactivity speak for the need to regard these as separate entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
This paper explores the intrapersonal and sociocultural factors behind youth suicide in Hong Kong. The coroner's court reports of consecutive population-based youth suicide (below age of 25 years, n = 303) cases from 1986 to 1992 were reviewed. Compared with other countries, Hong Kong had low male but high female youth suicide rates. The number of undetermined deaths did not significantly affect the estimated suicide rates. Cross-cultural differences in youth suicide rates may be understood from a differential distribution of risk factors and cultural attitudes towards role behaviours and suicide. Youth suicides in Hong Kong were characterised by a high prevalence of psychiatric disturbances and age-normative precipitants; both findings bear great resemblances to samples studied elsewhere. The results were evaluated in light of studies in different sociocultural backgrounds and highlighted the universality and specificity of youth suicide in Hong Kong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
A mixed retrospective-prospective study of 70 Chinese anorexic patients in Hong Kong shows that although they were similar to Western anorexics in most other ways, 41 (58.6%) of them did not exhibit any fear of fatness throughout their course of illness. Instead, these non-fat phobic patients used epigastric bloating (31.4%), no appetite/hunger (15.7%) or simply eating less (12.9%) as legitimating rationales for food refusal and emaciation. Compared to fat phobic anorexics, they were significantly slimmer pre-morbidly (P < 0.0001) and were less likely to exhibit bulimia (P = 0.001). The possible explanations for the absence of fat phobia and the interpretive dilemma this provokes are discussed from historical, pathoplastic and cultural anthropological perspectives. It is argued that anorexia nervosa may display phenomenological plurality in a Westernizing society, and its identity may be conceptualized without invoking the explanatory construct of fat phobia exclusively. As non-fat phobic anorexia nervosa displays no culturally peculiar features, it is not strictly speaking a Western culture-bound syndrome, but may evolve into its contemporary fat phobic vogue under the permeative impact of Westernization. Its careful evaluation may help clarify the aetiology and historical transformation of eating disorder, foster the development of a cross-culturally valid taxonomy of morbid states of self-starvation, and exemplify some of the crucial issues that need to be tackled in the cross-cultural study of mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
This is a retrospective study of 134 cases of sexual abuse in Chinese children aged 16 years or under in Hong Kong. The data with respect to the victim's age, sex, severity and type (intra- or extrafamilial) of abuse, perpetrator's characteristics and family disturbances were analysed. The overall profile is similar to that reported in the West. The reasons for the apparently low prevalence, younger age of victim and low proportion of male victims are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Weinstein S, Drew DJ, Ho TP, Bowley WW. A comparison of physical properties of lips among white and black adults. Isr J Dent Sci 1988; 2:51-61. [PMID: 3270368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
38
|
Abstract
Using a hydraulic bellows system mounted on a maxillary partial denture, continuous force-displacement data were taken in an edentulous area in the maxillary bicuspid-molar region on ten adults. Both loading and unloading force-displacement curves showed three segments. Two visco-elastic properties - hysteresis and relaxation - were consistently evident. The maximum difference in force-magnitude of the hysteresis loop was 1.02 g. A pre-conditioning phenomenon of the cheek tissue, evidence by a reduction of the area of the hysteresis loop, was observed in a series of repeated runs. The significance of the study was that: (1) in some individuals, the cheek could be displaced, by expansion of the molars, up to 1 mm into a second stable position; and (2) the relaxation phenomenon suggests a limited adjustive capacity in cheek stiffness.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The lip stiffness characteristics in the vertical plane of a white population sample, aged 18-26, were studied. The physical properties of the lip system were analyzed and a mathematical model was derived to approximate this system. The instrumentation consisted of a force-transducer bar, a head holder and a three-directional micrometer adjustment. Four specific contact areas were used. Individual lower lip is stiffer than upper lip and the corresponding male lip is stiffer than the female lip. The force-displacement relationship approximates a linear function at small displacements (less than 1 mm) and is a second order function at larger displacements. A mechanical T-spring model approximates the system to an accuracy of about 96%.
Collapse
|