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Howaldt A, Lenglez S, Velmans C, Schultheis AM, Clahsen T, Matthaei M, Kohlhase J, Vokuhl C, Büttner R, Netzer C, Demoulin JB, Cursiefen C. Corneal Infantile Myofibromatosis Caused by Novel Activating Imatinib-Responsive Variants in PDGFRB. Ophthalmol Sci 2024; 4:100444. [PMID: 38374928 PMCID: PMC10875226 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the genetic cause, clinical characteristics, and potential therapeutic targets of infantile corneal myofibromatosis. Design Case series with genetic and functional in vitro analyses. Participants Four individuals from 2 unrelated families with clinical signs of corneal myofibromatosis were investigated. Methods Exome-based panel sequencing for platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta gene (PDGFRB) and notch homolog protein 3 gene (NOTCH3) was performed in the respective index patients. One clinically affected member of each family was tested for the pathogenic variant detected in the respective index by Sanger sequencing. Immunohistochemical staining on excised corneal tissue was conducted. Functional analysis of the individual PDGFRB variants was performed in vitro by luciferase reporter assays on transfected porcine aortic endothelial cells using tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Protein expression analysis of mutated PDGFRB was analyzed by Western blot. Main Outcome Measures Sequencing data, immunohistochemical stainings, functional analysis of PDGFRB variants, and protein expression analysis. Results We identified 2 novel, heterozygous gain-of-function variants in PDGFRB in 4 individuals from 2 unrelated families with corneal myofibromatosis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin and β-catenin, a low proliferation rate in Ki-67 (< 5%), marginal positivity for Desmin, and negative staining for Caldesmon and CD34. In all patients, recurrence of disease occurred after corneal surgery. When transfected in cultured cells, the PDGFRB variants conferred a constitutive activity to the receptor in the absence of its ligand and were sensitive to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. The variants can both be classified as likely pathogenic regarding the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics classification criteria. Conclusions We describe 4 cases of corneal myofibromatosis caused by novel PDGFRB variants with autosomal dominant transmission. Imatinib sensitivity in vitro suggests perspectives for targeted therapy preventing recurrences in the future. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Howaldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Clara Velmans
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kohlhase
- Center for Human Genetics, SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Freiburg GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Netzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Peil J, Vossen C, Bock F, Clahsen T, Schiller P, Heindl LM, Bosch JJ, Wunderlich FT, Cursiefen C, Schlereth SL. Combined Osteopontin Blockade and Type 2 Classical Dendritic Cell Vaccination as Effective Synergetic Therapy for Conjunctival Melanoma. J Immunol 2024; 212:487-499. [PMID: 38099710 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and immune protection are essential at the onset of tumorigenesis. Angiogenesis serves to nourish the tumor, and prevention of immune defenses, for example, by dendritic cells (DCs), allows tumor growth. In this study, we investigated whether there are factors with dual functions that are both angiogenic and immunomodulatory and represent a therapeutic target. We analyzed 1) innate immune responses intratumorally and in draining lymph nodes and 2) angiogenic factors in conjunctival melanoma (CM), a potentially lethal malignant tumor at the ocular surface whose immune and vascular responses are largely unknown. For this purpose, an HGF-Cdk4R24C model in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice was used and revealed that CD103- type 2 classical DC (cDC2s) were the most abundant DC subtype in healthy conjunctiva, whereas in CM, CD103- cDC2s, CD103+ type 1 cDCs, monocyte-derived DCs, and plasmacytoid DCs were significantly increased. In our analysis of angiogenic factors in CM, the examination of 53 angiogenesis-related factors that might interact with DCs identified osteopontin (OPN) as a major tumor-derived protein that interacts with DCs. Consistent with these findings, 3) a dual therapeutic strategy that inhibited tumor cell function by an OPN blocking Ab while enhancing the immune response by cDC2 vaccination resulted in 35% failure of tumor development. Moreover, tumor progression, monocyte-derived DC infiltration, and intratumoral angiogenesis were significantly reduced, whereas survival and CD8+ T cell infiltration were increased in treated mice compared with the control group. Therefore, we identified OPN blockade in combination with cDC2 vaccination as a potential future therapeutic intervention for early stages of CM by combining antiangiogenic and host immune stimulating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Peil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Schiller
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacobus J Bosch
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- MPI for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona L Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Howaldt A, Zhang W, Deng S, Becker M, Hou Y, Clahsen T, Bock F, Cursiefen C. Corneal crosslinking ameliorates the extent of corneal oedema in subsequent acute keratoconus in an ex vivo model. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:e134-e137. [PMID: 37259477 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Howaldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shuya Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Becker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Clahsen T, Hadrian K, Notara M, Schlereth SL, Howaldt A, Prokosch V, Volatier T, Hos D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Heindl LM, Steven P, Bosch JJ, Steinkasserer A, Rokohl AC, Liu H, Mestanoglu M, Kashkar H, Schumacher B, Kiefer F, Schulte-Merker S, Matthaei M, Hou Y, Fassbender S, Jantsch J, Zhang W, Enders P, Bachmann B, Bock F, Cursiefen C. The novel role of lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101157. [PMID: 36759312 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the eye has been considered as an organ free of lymphatic vessels. In recent years, however, it became evident, that lymphatic vessels or lymphatic-like vessels contribute to several ocular pathologies at various peri- and intraocular locations. The aim of this review is to outline the pathogenetic role of ocular lymphatics, the respective molecular mechanisms and to discuss current and future therapeutic options based thereon. We will give an overview on the vascular anatomy of the healthy ocular surface and the molecular mechanisms contributing to corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege. In addition, we present (i) current insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring during pathological neovascularization of the cornea triggered e.g. by inflammation or trauma, (ii) the role of lymphatic vessels in different ocular surface pathologies such as dry eye disease, corneal graft rejection, ocular graft versus host disease, allergy, and pterygium, (iii) the involvement of lymphatic vessels in ocular tumors and metastasis, and (iv) the novel role of the lymphatic-like structure of Schlemm's canal in glaucoma. Identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms and of novel modulators of lymphangiogenesis will contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of ocular diseases associated with pathological lymphangiogenesis in the future. The preclinical data presented here outline novel therapeutic concepts for promoting transplant survival, inhibiting metastasis of ocular tumors, reducing inflammation of the ocular surface, and treating glaucoma. Initial data from clinical trials suggest first success of novel treatment strategies to promote transplant survival based on pretransplant corneal lymphangioregression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona L Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonia Howaldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Steven
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacobus J Bosch
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Mestanoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sonja Fassbender
- IUF‒Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Enders
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Hatami N, Büttner C, Bock F, Simfors S, Musial G, Reis A, Cursiefen C, Clahsen T. Cystathionine β-synthase as novel endogenous regulator of lymphangiogenesis via modulating VEGF receptor 2 and 3. Commun Biol 2022; 5:950. [PMID: 36088423 PMCID: PMC9464209 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLymphangiogenesis is a key player in several diseases such as tumor metastasis, obesity, and graft rejection. Endogenous regulation of lymphangiogenesis is only partly understood. Here we use the normally avascular cornea as a model to identify endogenous regulators of lymphangiogenesis. Quantitative trait locus analysis of a large low-lymphangiogenic BALB/cN x high-lymphangiogenic C57BL/6 N intercross and prioritization by whole-transcriptome sequencing identify a novel gene responsible for differences in lymphatic vessel architecture on chromosome 17, the cystathionine β-synthase (Cbs). Inhibition of CBS in lymphatic endothelial cells results in reduce proliferation, migration, altered tube-formation, and decrease expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) and VEGF-R3, but not their ligands VEGF-C and VEGF-D. Also in vivo inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis is significantly reduce in C57BL/6 N mice after pharmacological inhibition of CBS. The results confirm CBS as a novel endogenous regulator of lymphangiogenesis acting via VEGF receptor 2 and 3-regulation and open new treatment avenues in diseases associated with pathologic lymphangiogenesis.
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Özer O, Mestanoglu M, Howaldt A, Clahsen T, Schiller P, Siebelmann S, Reinking N, Cursiefen C, Bachmann B, Matthaei M. Correlation of Clinical Fibrillar Layer Detection and Corneal Thickness in Advanced Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102815. [PMID: 35628952 PMCID: PMC9144691 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central subendothelial geographic deposits are formed as a fibrillar layer (FL) in advanced Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Previous studies demonstrated a significant decrease in corneal endothelial cell (CEC) density and an increase in focal corneal backscatter in the FL area. The present study investigated the association of the FL with edema formation and its localization. Patients (n = 96) presenting for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for advanced FECD were included. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy with FECD grading was followed by Scheimpflug imaging with en face backscatter analysis and pachymetric analysis. FL dimensions were measured, and correlation with pachymetric values was performed. An FL was detected in 74% of all eyes (n = 71). Pachymetric values in FL-positive versus FL-negative eyes were for corneal thickness at the apex (ACT) 614 ± 52 µm and 575 ± 46 µm (p = 0.001), for peripheral corneal thickness at 1 mm (PCT1mm) 616 ± 50 µm and 580 ± 44 µm (p = 0.002), for PCT2mm 625 ± 48 µm and 599 ± 41 µm (p = 0.017), for PCT3mm 651 ± 46 µm and 635 ± 40 µm (p = 0.128) and for PCT4mm 695 ± 52 µm and 686 ± 43 µm (p = 0.435), respectively. Correlation analysis indicated a weak correlation for the FL maximum vertical caliper diameter with ACT and PCT1mm values but no further relevant correlations. In FL-positive eyes, increased focal corneal backscatter and increased corneal thickness showed primarily central and inferotemporal localization. In conclusion, Scheimpflug imaging shows an association of the FL with increased corneal thickness in advanced FECD and shows localization of the FL and increased corneal thickness in the central and inferotemporal region. This may provide important information for progression assessment and therapeutic decision making in FECD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Özer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (O.Ö.); (M.M.); (A.H.); (T.C.); (S.S.); (N.R.); (C.C.); (B.B.)
- Eye Center Seufert, 51427 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Mert Mestanoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (O.Ö.); (M.M.); (A.H.); (T.C.); (S.S.); (N.R.); (C.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Antonia Howaldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (O.Ö.); (M.M.); (A.H.); (T.C.); (S.S.); (N.R.); (C.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (O.Ö.); (M.M.); (A.H.); (T.C.); (S.S.); (N.R.); (C.C.); (B.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Schiller
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Siebelmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (O.Ö.); (M.M.); (A.H.); (T.C.); (S.S.); (N.R.); (C.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Niklas Reinking
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (O.Ö.); (M.M.); (A.H.); (T.C.); (S.S.); (N.R.); (C.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (O.Ö.); (M.M.); (A.H.); (T.C.); (S.S.); (N.R.); (C.C.); (B.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (O.Ö.); (M.M.); (A.H.); (T.C.); (S.S.); (N.R.); (C.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (O.Ö.); (M.M.); (A.H.); (T.C.); (S.S.); (N.R.); (C.C.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Hribek A, Mestanoglu M, Clahsen T, Reinking N, Frentzen F, Howaldt A, Siebelmann S, Bachmann BO, Cursiefen C, Matthaei M. Scheimpflug Backscatter Imaging of the Fibrillar Layer in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 235:63-70. [PMID: 34509435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A central collagen-rich subendothelial fibrillar layer (FL) correlates with areas of accentuated loss of corneal endothelial cells in advanced Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). The present study sought to investigate whether the FL may be visualized by en face Scheimpflug backscatter imaging in vivo. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a prospective observational case series. METHODS A total of 34 eyes (34 subjects) undergoing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery with preoperative high-quality Scheimpflug backscatter imaging data were included. The Descemet endothelium complex (DEC) was retrieved during DMEK surgery, and immunofluorescence staining was performed for collagens I, III, and IV. The FL morphology in en face Scheimpflug backscatter and immunofluorescence imaging was compared and agreement of FL parameters was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Scheimpflug backscatter imaging delineated the FL in 26 eyes and was FL negative in 8 eyes with deviation compared to immunofluorescence in 1 case and good agreement of morphology characteristics. Horizontal caliper diameter ± SD was 4.84 ± 0.85 mm, vertical caliper diameter was 3.92 ± 0.78 mm, maximum caliper diameter was 5.12 ± 0.82 mm, and surface area was 12.43 ± 4.74 mm2. Compared to immunofluorescence imaging, mean difference (95% limits of agreement) and intraclass correlation coefficients were for horizontal caliper diameter 0.13 mm (-0.81 to 1.1 mm) and 0.88, vertical caliper diameter 0.23 mm (-0.76 to 1.2 mm) and 0.81, maximum caliper diameter 0.06 mm (-1.1 to 1.2 mm) and 0.86, and surface area 1.4 mm2 (-3.9 to 6.7 mm2) and 0.85. CONCLUSIONS Scheimpflug backscatter imaging facilitates visualization of the FL in advanced FECD eyes, offering the potential to identify particularly diseased areas of the FECD endothelium in vivo.
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Hribek A, Clahsen T, Horstmann J, Siebelmann S, Loreck N, Heindl LM, Bachmann BO, Cursiefen C, Matthaei M. Fibrillar Layer as a Marker for Areas of Pronounced Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss in Advanced Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 222:292-301. [PMID: 32971030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to assess the correlation of corneal endothelial cell (CEC) density to alterations of collagen composition of Descemet membrane (DM) in advanced Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and to image such changes by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in vivo. DESIGN Prospective, observational consecutive case series. METHODS Fifty eyes (50 subjects) with advanced FECD were enrolled. After slit-lamp biomicroscopy and corneal Scheimpflug imaging, the Descemet endothelium complex (DEC) was retrieved during DM endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery. The expression of collagens I, III, and IV (COL I, COL III, and COL IV) and corresponding CEC density were analyzed by immunofluorescence flat mount-staining. Presence, diameter and surface area of collagen expression, and CEC density served as the main outcome measures. RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining revealed central coherent collagen positive areas (mean surface area = 10 mm2 ± 6 mm2) corresponding to a fibrillar layer burying the guttae of DM in 84% (42/50) of DECs. CEC density overlying the fibrillar layer compared with the periphery was significantly reduced (-54.8%, P < .0001) with a steep decline of CEC density at its borders. Subgroup analysis revealed that the fibrillar layer may be imaged by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in vivo with significant positive correlation of mean maximum diameter detected by slit-lamp biomicroscopy (dSL max = 4.1 mm ± 0.9 mm) and by immunofluorescence staining (dIF max = 4.7 mm ± 1.1 mm; r = 0.76; P = .001). CONCLUSION A fibrillar layer with a clear geographic pattern marks areas of pronounced loss of CEC density in advanced FECD eyes and may be imaged by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in vivo.
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Schippers A, Hübel J, Heymann F, Clahsen T, Eswaran S, Schlepütz S, Püllen R, Gaßler N, Tenbrock K, Tacke F, Wagner N. MAdCAM-1/α4β7 Integrin-Mediated Lymphocyte/Endothelium Interactions Exacerbate Acute Immune-Mediated Hepatitis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1227-1250.e1. [PMID: 33316453 PMCID: PMC8053699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Aberrant lymphocyte homing could potentially link inflammatory processes in the intestine and the liver, as distinct hepatobiliary diseases frequently develop as extra-intestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we examined the role of the gut-tropic leukocyte adhesion molecule β7 integrin and its endothelial ligand mucosal addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) in immune-mediated hepatitis in mice. METHODS Wild-type (WT) mice, MAdCAM-1-deficient mice, β7 integrin-deficient mice, RAG-2-deficient mice, RAG-2/MAdCAM-1 double-deficient mice, and RAG-2/β7 integrin double-deficient mice were subjected to concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis. The degree of hepatitis was evaluated by histology, flow cytometry, and expression analysis of inflammatory mediators. The motility of lymphocytes in progressive liver damage was assessed by intravital laser scanning multiphoton microscopy. RESULTS Ablation of MAdCAM-1 or β7 integrin ameliorated ConA-induced hepatitis in mice. β7 integrin-deficient lymphocytes caused less liver damage than WT lymphocytes in ConA-treated RAG-2-deficient mice. Moreover, WT lymphocytes caused less liver damage in ConA-treated RAG-2/β7 integrin double-deficient mice than in similarly treated RAG-2-deficient mice, indicating that β7 integrin expression contributes significantly to the liver damage mediated by innate immune cells. MAdCAM-1 expression was dependent on β7 integrin expression on adaptive and innate immune cells. Most importantly, lymphocytes in ConA-treated MAdCAM-1-deficient mice displayed more motility and less adhesion in the liver sinusoids in vivo, than lymphocytes in similarly treated WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that β7 integrin expression on lymphocytes and innate immune cells contributes to MAdCAM-1 upregulation and liver damage in acute immune-mediated hepatitis, most likely by facilitating lymphocyte/sinusoidal endothelial cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Hübel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Heymann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sreepradha Eswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlepütz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robin Püllen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Section of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Correspondence Address Correspondence to: Norbert Wagner, MD, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. fax: +49 241-8082492.
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Matthaei M, Hribek A, Clahsen T, Bachmann B, Cursiefen C, Jun AS. Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: Clinical, Genetic, Pathophysiologic, and Therapeutic Aspects. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2020; 5:151-175. [PMID: 31525145 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a bilateral corneal endothelial disorder and the most common cause of corneal transplantation worldwide. Professor Ernst Fuchs described the first 13 cases of FECD more than 100 years ago. Since then, we have seen far-reaching progress in its diagnosis and treatment. In the field of diagnostics, new technologies enable the development of more accurate classification systems and the more detailed breakdown of the genetic basis of FECD. Laboratory studies help in deciphering the molecular pathomechanisms. The development of minimally invasive surgical techniques leads to a continuous improvement of the postoperative result. This review highlights and discusses clinical, genetic, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic aspects of this common and important corneal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; , , , ,
| | - Agathe Hribek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; , , , ,
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; , , , ,
| | - Björn Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; , , , ,
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; , , , ,
| | - Albert S Jun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA;
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11
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Hayashi T, Hos D, Schrittenlocher S, Siebelmann S, Matthaei M, Franklin J, Clahsen T, Bock F, Bachmann B, Cursiefen C. Effect of Iris Color on the Outcome of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty. Cornea 2020; 39:846-850. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Hos D, Matthaei M, Bock F, Maruyama K, Notara M, Clahsen T, Hou Y, Le VNH, Salabarria AC, Horstmann J, Bachmann BO, Cursiefen C. Immune reactions after modern lamellar (DALK, DSAEK, DMEK) versus conventional penetrating corneal transplantation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 73:100768. [PMID: 31279005 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, novel lamellar keratoplasty techniques such as Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) for anterior keratoplasty and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK)/Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for posterior keratoplasty have been developed. DALK eliminates the possibility of endothelial allograft rejection, which is the main reason for graft failure after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Compared to PK, the risk of endothelial graft rejection is significantly reduced after DSAEK/DMEK. Thus, with modern lamellar techniques, the clinical problem of endothelial graft rejection seems to be nearly solved in the low-risk situation. However, even with lamellar grafts there are epithelial, subepithelial and stromal immune reactions in DALK and endothelial immune reactions in DSAEK/DMEK, and not all keratoplasties can be performed in a lamellar fashion. Therefore, endothelial graft rejection in PK is still highly relevant, especially in the "high-risk" setting, where the cornea's (lymph)angiogenic and immune privilege is lost due to severe inflammation and pathological neovascularization. For these eyes, currently available treatment options are still unsatisfactory. In this review, we will describe currently used keratoplasty techniques, namely PK, DALK, DSAEK, and DMEK. We will summarize their indications, provide surgical descriptions, and comment on their complications and outcomes. Furthermore, we will give an overview on corneal transplant immunology. A specific focus will be placed on endothelial graft rejection and we will report on its incidence, clinical presentation, and current/future treatment and prevention options. Finally, we will speculate how the field of keratoplasty and prevention of corneal allograft rejection will develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Innovative Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Viet Nhat Hung Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Hue College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Viet Nam
| | | | - Jens Horstmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bjoern O Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Büttner C, Clahsen T, Regenfuss B, Dreisow ML, Steiber Z, Bock F, Reis A, Cursiefen C. Tyrosinase Is a Novel Endogenous Regulator of Developmental and Inflammatory Lymphangiogenesis. Am J Pathol 2018; 189:440-448. [PMID: 30448402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is critically involved in tissue fluid balance, graft rejection, and tumor metastasis. Endogenous regulation of lymphangiogenesis is poorly understood. Herein, we use the lymphatic vessel architecture at the limbal border of the normally avascular cornea, a quantitative trait under strong genetic influence, as a model system to identify new candidate genes regulating lymphangiogenesis. Comparing low-lymphangiogenic BALB/cN with high-lymphangiogenic C57BL/6N mice, we performed quantitative trait loci analysis of five phenotypes in a large BALB/cN × C57BL/6N intercross (n = 795) and identified three to eight genome-wide significant loci, the strongest on chromosome 7 containing tyrosinase (Tyr). Tyrosinase-negative mice showed significantly increased limbal lymph vascularized areas, a higher number of lymphatic vessel end points, and branching points and increased inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis. These findings confirm that tyrosinase is a novel lymphangiogenesis regulator in developmental and inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. Our findings link melanin synthesis with lymphangiogenesis and open new treatment options in lymphangiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Büttner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Regenfuss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Zita Steiber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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14
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Hou Y, Le VNH, Clahsen T, Schneider AC, Bock F, Cursiefen C. Photodynamic Therapy Leads to Time-Dependent Regression of Pathologic Corneal (Lymph) Angiogenesis and Promotes High-Risk Corneal Allograft Survival. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:5862-5869. [PMID: 29145577 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pathologic corneal (lymph) angiogenesis is a known risk factor for immune-mediated allograft rejections after corneal transplantation. However, there is no established treatment to regress pre-existing pathological corneal blood and lymphatic vessels. This study assessed the possibility to regress both vessel types by photodynamic therapy (PDT) after intravenous (i.v.) verteporfin injection, the influence of timing of PDT after verteporfin injection, and the effect on graft survival in high-risk keratoplasty. Methods BALB/c mice were used for suture-induced inflammatory corneal neovascularization to induce combined hem- and lymphangiogenesis. The treated group received PDT 3 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours after an i.v. verteporfin injection (control group: phosphate buffered saline). Corneal flatmounts were excised 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks after corneal PDT and stained with cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 antibodies (LYVE-1) to quantify hem- and lymphangiogenesis. Graft survival rates were compared between high-risk recipients with and without preoperative PDT. Results Corneal blood vessels were significantly reduced when PDT was performed 3 minutes after i.v. verteporfin injection, whereas lymphatic vessels showed no significant difference. Both blood and lymphatic vessels were regressed when PDT was performed 1 hour or 24 hours after i.v. verteporfin application. Long-term allograft survival increased significantly in PDT-pretreated eyes when compared with controls. Conclusions PDT after i.v. verteporfin injection can selectively regress pre-existing corneal blood vessels or both blood and lymphatic vessels depending on the timing of PDT after verteporfin injection. The pretreatment of recipients with PDT and i.v. verteporfin might be a promising new method to improve graft survival in high-risk eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
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15
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Drescher HK, Schippers A, Clahsen T, Sahin H, Noels H, Hornef M, Wagner N, Trautwein C, Streetz KL, Kroy DC. β 7-Integrin and MAdCAM-1 play opposing roles during the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2017; 66:1251-1264. [PMID: 28192190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries. It is unclear how infiltrating leukocytes affect NASH-development. Our study aims to investigate the role of the homing/receptor, pair mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1)/β7-Integrin, on immune cell recruitment and disease progression in a steatohepatitis model. METHODS Constitutive β7-Integrin deficient (β7-/-) and MAdCAM-1 deficient (MAdCAM-1-/-) mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 26weeks or methionine-choline-deficient-diet (MCD) for 4weeks. RESULTS β7-/- mice displayed earlier and more progressive steatohepatitis during HFD- and MCD-treatment, while MAdCAM-1-/- mice showed less histomorphological changes. The anti-oxidative stress response was significantly weaker in β7-/- mice as reflected by a significant downregulation of the transcription factors nuclear-factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme-oxigenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, stronger dihydroethidium-staining revealed an increased oxidative stress response in β7-/- animals. In contrast, MAdCAM-1-/- mice showed an upregulation of the anti-oxidative stress response. β7-/- animals exhibited stronger hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, reflecting earlier steatohepatitis initiation. Expression of regulatory T cell (TReg) markers as well as numbers of anti-inflammatory macrophages was significantly enhanced in MAdCAM-1-/- mice. Those changes finally resulted in earlier and stronger collagen accumulation in β7-/- mice, whereas MAdCAM-1-/- mice were protected from fibrosis initiation. CONCLUSIONS Adhesion molecule mediated effector cell migration contributes to the outcome of steatohepatitis in the HFD- and the MCD model. While MAdCAM-1 promotes steatohepatitis, β7-Integrin unexpectedly exerts protective effects. β7-/- mice show earlier steatohepatitis initiation and significantly stronger fibrosis progression. Accordingly, the interaction of β7-Integrins and their receptor MAdCAM-1 provide novel targets for therapeutic interventions in steatohepatitis. LAY SUMMARY The mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) is expressed in livers upon diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Loss of MAdCAM-1 has beneficial effects regarding the development of NASH - manifested by reduced hepatic oxidative stress and decreased inflammation. In contrast, β7-Integrin-deficiency results in increased steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Drescher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Hacer Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Konrad L Streetz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela C Kroy
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
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Cursiefen C, Bock F, Clahsen T, Regenfuss B, Reis A, Steven P, Heindl LM, Bosch JJ, Hos D, Eming S, Grajewski R, Heiligenhaus A, Fauser S, Austin J, Langmann T. [New Therapeutic Approaches in Inflammatory Diseases of the Eye - Targeting Lymphangiogenesis and Cellular Immunity: Research Unit FOR 2240 Presents Itself]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2017; 234:679-685. [PMID: 28505676 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Ophthalmology, principally, is a very successful subdiscipline in medicine. Nonetheless, there are still unmet medical needs which necessitate translational research. Methods The funding instrument of a Research Unit (RU) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) is presented as exemplified by the RU 2240 at the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Cologne. Results The Research Unit integrates different research groups working on pathologic ocular inflammation, macrophages/microglia and (lymph)angiogenesis to collaborate in a synergistic way. Rotation positions allow young clinicians to rotate into research labs for a defined period of time. A Research Unit is also a powerful strategic tool to strengthen clinical and experimental ophthalmology at individual medical faculties. Conclusions The funding instrument of a Research Unit is highly suitable for fostering translational research in a medical subdiscipline such as ophthalmology, supporting the next generation of (clinician) scientists in ophthalmology and finding new cures for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Bock
- Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universität zu Köln
| | | | | | - Andre Reis
- Institut für Humangenetik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | | | | | - Jacobus J Bosch
- Medizinische Klinik 5, Hämatologie und internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
| | - Deniz Hos
- Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universität zu Köln
| | - Sabine Eming
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universität zu Köln
| | | | - Arnd Heiligenhaus
- Uveitis-Zentrum der Augenabteilung, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
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Kaemmerer E, Kuhn P, Schneider U, Clahsen T, Jeon MK, Klaus C, Andruszkow J, Härer M, Ernst S, Schippers A, Wagner N, Gassler N. Beta-7 integrin controls enterocyte migration in the small intestine. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1759-1764. [PMID: 25684940 PMCID: PMC4323451 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i6.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To hypothesize that beta-7 integrin affects cellular migration of both, lymphocytes and enterocytes.
METHODS: The nucleoside analog BrdU was ip injected in beta-7-deficient mice (C57BL/6-Itgbtmlcgn/J) of male gender and age-matched male C57BL/J J mice (wild type) 4, 20, or 40 h before analysis. The total small intestine was isolated, dissected, and used for morphometrical studies. BrdU-positive epithelial cells were numbered in at least 15 hemi-crypts per duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of each animal. The outer most BrdU-positive cell (cellmax) was determined per hemi-crypt, numerically documented, and statistically analysed.
RESULTS: Integrins containing the beta-7-chain were exclusively expressed on leukocytes. In the small intestinal mucosa of beta-7 integrin-deficient mice the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes was drastically decreased. Moreover, the Peyer’s patches of beta-7 integrin-deficient mice appeared hypoplastic. In beta-7 integrin-deficient mice the location of cellmax was found in a higher position than it was the case for the controls. The difference was already detected at 4 h after BrdU application, but significantly increased with time (40 h after BrdU injection) in all small intestinal segments investigated, i.e., duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Migration of small intestinal enterocytes was different between the experimental groups measured by cellmax locations.
CONCLUSION: The E-cadherin beta-7 integrin pathway probably controls migration of enterocytes within the small intestinal surface lining epithelial layer.
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Clahsen T, Pabst O, Tenbrock K, Schippers A, Wagner N. Localization of dendritic cells in the gut epithelium requires MAdCAM-1. Clin Immunol 2015; 156:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schippers A, Kochut A, Pabst O, Frischmann U, Clahsen T, Tenbrock K, Müller W, Wagner N. β7 integrin controls immunogenic and tolerogenic mucosal B cell responses. Clin Immunol 2012; 144:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Clahsen T, Schaper F. Chemokine activity induced by interleukin-6. Cell Commun Signal 2009. [PMCID: PMC4291994 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-s1-a97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Clahsen T, Schaper F. Interleukin-6 acts in the fashion of a classical chemokine on monocytic cells by inducing integrin activation, cell adhesion, actin polymerization, chemotaxis, and transmigration. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:1521-9. [PMID: 18765478 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0308178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to the innate immune response by eliminating bacteria, viral particles, and apoptotic bodies. They develop from circulating monocytes. In case of an infection, monocytes attach to the endothelial cells of the blood vessels, migrate along the endothelial cells, leave the circulatory system to enter the inflammatory tissue, and differentiate into macrophages. Cell migration is induced frequently by chemokines that act through G-protein-coupled receptors. Only a few cytokines signaling through single-transmembrane domain receptors have been shown to induce cell migration. Often, this potential depends on the induction of classical chemokines and is not a direct cellular effect. Here, we discovered IL-6 as a potent stimulant for monocytic cell migration. Furthermore, we present data about IL-6-induced integrin activation, cell attachment, actin polymerization, fibronectin-dependent migration, and transmigration through a layer of endothelial cells. Our results show that IL-6 fulfills all biological properties to mediate cell migration of monocytic cells, which may contribute to the proinflammatory potential of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52072 Aachen, Germany
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Clahsen T, Schaper F. 128 Interleukin-6 acts in the fashion of a classical chemokine on monocytic cells by inducing integrin activation, cell adhesion, actin polymerization, chemotaxis and trans-migration. Cytokine 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Herrmann A, Vogt M, Mönnigmann M, Clahsen T, Sommer U, Haan S, Poli V, Heinrich PC, Müller-Newen G. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of persistently activated STAT3. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:3249-61. [PMID: 17726064 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of the transcription factor STAT3 has been detected in many types of cancer and plays an important role in tumor progression, immune evasion and metastasis. To analyze persistent STAT3 activation we coexpressed STAT3 with v-Src. We found that tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 by v-Src is independent of Janus kinases (Jaks), the canonical activators of STATs. The STAT3-induced feedback inhibitor, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), did not interfere with STAT3 activation by v-Src. However, the protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) suppressed gene induction by persistently activated STAT3. We measured nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of STAT3 in single cells by bleaching the YFP moiety of double-labelled STAT3-CFP-YFP in the cytoplasm. Analysis of the subcellular distribution of CFP and YFP fluorescence over time by mathematical modeling and computational parameter estimation revealed that activated STAT3 shuttles more rapidly than non-activated STAT3. Inhibition of exportin-1-mediated nuclear export slowed down nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of v-Src-activated STAT3 resulting in reduced tyrosine phosphorylation, decreased induction of STAT3 target genes and increased apoptosis. We propose passage of persistently activated STAT3 through the nuclear pore complex as a new target for intervention in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrmann
- Institut für Biochemie, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Stross C, Radtke S, Clahsen T, Gerlach C, Volkmer-Engert R, Schaper F, Heinrich PC, Hermanns HM. Oncostatin M receptor-mediated signal transduction is negatively regulated by SOCS3 through a receptor tyrosine-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:8458-68. [PMID: 16459330 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511212200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signaling has been shown to occur, among other mechanisms, via induction of the feedback inhibitor SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3). Binding of SOCS3 to the phosphorylated Tyr(759) in the cytoplasmic region of gp130, the common signal transducing receptor chain of all IL-6-type cytokines, is necessary for inhibition of Janus kinase-mediated signaling. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of SOCS3 on signal transduction by the proinflammatory cytokine oncostatin M (OSM), which signals through a receptor complex of gp130 and the OSM receptor (OSMR). OSM leads to a much stronger and prolonged induction of SOCS3 in HepG2 hepatoma cells and murine embryonal fibroblasts (MEF) compared with IL-6. A negative effect of SOCS3 on OSM signaling was confirmed using MEF cells lacking SOCS3. We can show that the OSMR-mediated signaling is inhibited by SOCS3 to a similar extent as previously described for gp130. However, the inhibition occurs independent of tyrosine motifs within the OSMR. Instead, SOCS3 interacts directly with JAK1 in a stimulation-dependent manner, a mechanism so far only known for SOCS1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Cytokine Receptor gp130/genetics
- Cytokine Receptor gp130/metabolism
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 1
- Leupeptins/pharmacology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Mice
- Oncostatin M
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein Binding
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Amino Acid/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Oncostatin M
- Signal Transduction
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stross
- Institut für Biochemie, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Clahsen T, Lehmann U, Stross C, Hermanns HM, Volkmer-Engert R, Schneider-Mergener J, Heinrich PC, Schaper F. The tyrosine 974 within the LIF-R-chain of the gp130/LIF-R heteromeric receptor complex mediates negative regulation of LIF signalling. Cell Signal 2005; 17:559-69. [PMID: 15683731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2004] [Revised: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Signalling of interleukin (IL)-6 and interleukin-11 through gp130 homodimeric receptor complexes has been analysed with respect to initiation and termination of signalling in great detail. Gp130 contains a crucial motif around tyrosine Y759, which mediates negative regulation through the feedback inhibitor SOCS3 and the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Signalling of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), CT-1-like factor (CLC) or oncostatin M (OSM) through gp130/LIF-R is believed to be similar due to the presence of the common signal transducer gp130 within the receptor complexes utilized, but the difference in the composition of gp130/gp130-homodimers and gp130/LIF-R-heterodimers is likely to be reflected in different signalling. Here, we analysed the contribution of the LIF-R within the gp130/LIF-R complex to negative regulation mediated by SHP2 and SOCS3. We show that SHP2 contributes to the negative regulation of signalling through gp130/LIF-R complexes. The inhibitory tyrosine motifs within the cytoplasmic parts of gp130 and the LIF-R act independently. Whereas SHP2 and SOCS3 bind directly to the inhibitory motif of gp130, only SHP2 was found to bind to the corresponding inhibitory sequence of the LIF-R. This observation was further corroborated by experiments indicating that mainly gp130 contributes to the inhibition of signalling by SOCS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Weissenbach M, Clahsen T, Weber C, Spitzer D, Wirth D, Vestweber D, Heinrich PC, Schaper F. Interleukin-6 is a direct mediator of T cell migration. Eur J Immunol 2004; 34:2895-906. [PMID: 15368306 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. Hepatocytes respond to IL-6 with the synthesis and secretion of acute-phase proteins. In addition, IL-6 plays a role as a migration factor in vivo. In the present paper, we studied the potential of IL-6 to mediate migration of human primary T cells and T cell-derived cell lines. IL-6 was found to induce migration only in the presence of extracellular matrix, suggesting a cross-talk between the IL-6- and integrin signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, an IL-6 gradient is required for chemotactic migration. This activity is not due to the release of secondary chemotactic activities, but is a direct response to IL-6. T cell migration could also be observed in response to IL-11, but no migration was found after stimulation with leukemia inhibitory factor or oncostatin M, although these cytokines signal through gp130-containing receptor complexes. Finally, we present evidence that activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase as well as the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is crucial for IL-6-induced migration. Selective activation of the JAK/STAT or the MAPK cascade by mutated receptor proteins shows a crucial role of IL-6-initiated SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2/MAPK activity for migration.
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