1
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Chaffin JD, Barker KB, Bickman SR, Bratton JF, Bridgeman TB, Bhatia M, Buchholz SD, Bullerjahn GS, Johengen TH, Kang DW, Lewis GG, Lochhead MJ, Macdonald BM, Petrou CL, Platz M, Purcell H, Roser J, Seo Y, Siddiquee M, Snyder B, Taylor AT, Verhamme EM, Westrick JA. An assessment of a biosensor system for the quantification of microcystins in freshwater cyanobacterial blooms. Anal Biochem 2024; 687:115429. [PMID: 38113981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-producing cyanobacterial blooms are a global issue threatening drinking water supplies and recreation on lakes and beaches. Direct measurement of microcystins is the only way to ensure waters have concentrations below guideline concentrations; however, analyzing water for microcystins takes several hours to days to obtain data. We tested LightDeck Diagnostics' bead beater cell lysis and two versions of the quantification system designed to give microcystin concentrations within 20 min and compared it to the standard freeze-thaw cycle lysis method and ELISA quantification. The bead beater lyser was only 30 % effective at extracting microcystins compared to freeze-thaw. When considering freeze-thaw samples analyzed in 2021, there was good agreement between ELISA and LightDeck version 2 (n = 152; R2 = 0.868), but the LightDeck slightly underestimated microcystins (slope of 0.862). However, we found poor relationships between LightDeck version 2 and ELISA in 2022 (n = 49, slopes 0.60 to 1.6; R2 < 0.6) and LightDeck version 1 (slope = 1.77 but also a high number of less than quantifiable concentrations). After the quantification issues are resolved, combining the LightDeck system with an already-proven rapid lysis method (such as microwaving) will allow beach managers and water treatment operators to make quicker, well-informed decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Chaffin
- F.T. Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea Grant, The Ohio State University, Put in Bay, Ohio 43456, USA; Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA.
| | | | - Sarah R Bickman
- LightDeck Diagnostics, Inc., 5603 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - John F Bratton
- LimnoTech, Inc. 501 Avis Dr., Ann Arbor Michigan 48108, USA
| | | | - Mudit Bhatia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Seth D Buchholz
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
| | | | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Dae-Wook Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Gregory G Lewis
- LightDeck Diagnostics, Inc., 5603 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Michael J Lochhead
- LightDeck Diagnostics, Inc., 5603 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Brooks M Macdonald
- LightDeck Diagnostics, Inc., 5603 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Cassandra L Petrou
- LightDeck Diagnostics, Inc., 5603 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Michelle Platz
- LimnoTech, Inc. 501 Avis Dr., Ann Arbor Michigan 48108, USA
| | - Heidi Purcell
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jack Roser
- LightDeck Diagnostics, Inc., 5603 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Youngwoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Mashuk Siddiquee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Brenda Snyder
- Lake Erie Center, The University of Toledo, Oregon, Ohio 43616, USA
| | - Autumn T Taylor
- F.T. Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea Grant, The Ohio State University, Put in Bay, Ohio 43456, USA
| | | | - Judy A Westrick
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101Cass Ave., Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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2
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Baer MM, Godwin CM, Johengen TH. The effect of single versus dual nutrient decreases on phytoplankton growth rates, community composition, and Microcystin concentration in the western basin of Lake Erie. Harmful Algae 2023; 123:102382. [PMID: 36894205 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary management strategy for minimizing harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Lake Erie has been to reduce springtime loading of phosphorus (P) to the lake. However, some studies have shown that the growth rate and toxin content for the HABs-causing cyanobacterium Microcystis also respond to the availability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N). This evidence is based on both observational studies that correlate bloom development with changes in N forms and concentrations in the lake, and experiments in which P and/or N are added at concentrations in excess of those present in the lake. The goal of this study was to determine whether a combined decrease in N and P concentrations from ambient levels in Lake Erie could limit the development of HABs more than a reduction in P concentration only. To directly test the impact of P-only versus dual N and P concentration decreases on phytoplankton in the western basin of Lake Erie, we evaluated changes in growth rate, community composition, and microcystin (MC) concentration through eight bioassay experiments performed from June through October 2018, which encompassed the normal Lake Erie Microcystis-dominated HAB season. Our results showed that during the first five experiments covering June 25 to August 13, the P-only and the dual N and P decrease treatments had similar effects. However, when ambient N became scarce later in the season, the N and P decrease treatments resulted in negative growth rates for cyanobacteria, whereas -P only decreases did not. During low ambient N conditions, dual nutrient decreases lowered the prevalence of cyanobacteria among the total phytoplankton community and decreased microcystin concentrations. The results presented here complement previous experimental work on Lake Erie and suggest that dual nutrient control could be an effective management strategy to decrease microcystin production during the bloom and even possibly diminish or shorten the duration of the bloom based on creating nutrient limiting conditions sooner in the HAB growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla M Baer
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan
| | - Casey M Godwin
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan.
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan; Michigan Sea Grant, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan
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3
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Rowland FE, Stow CA, Johengen TH, Burtner AM, Palladino D, Gossiaux DC, Davis TW, Johnson LT, Ruberg S. Recent Patterns in Lake Erie Phosphorus and Chlorophyll a Concentrations in Response to Changing Loads. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:835-841. [PMID: 31859490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the initial success of extensive efforts to reduce phosphorus (P) loading to Lake Erie as a part of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, Lake Erie appears to be undergoing a re-eutrophication and it is plagued by harmful algal blooms. To offer insights into potential lake responses under differing Maumee River loads and reveal recent changes with time, we explored patterns in phosphorus and chlorophyll a data from 2008 to 2018 collected in western Lake Erie near the mouth of the Maumee River. We found high, but relatively stable Maumee River and lake concentrations of total P (TP) and soluble reactive P (SRP) with no discernable annual or seasonal patterns. Maumee spring TP load was not strongly related to lake TP, and lake SRP concentrations were positively but weakly related to SRP loads. Lake TP was a strong predictor of chlorophyll a, but the relationship was weaker at sites closer to the Maumee. These results highlight spatial differences both in P concentration and the relationship between TP and chlorophyll a, and these indicate that spring phosphorus loads are a weak algal biomass predictor in the portion of the western basin of Lake Erie represented by these sampling stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya E Rowland
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48108 , United States
| | - Craig A Stow
- Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48018 , United States
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48108 , United States
| | - Ashley M Burtner
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48108 , United States
| | - Danna Palladino
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48108 , United States
| | - Duane C Gossiaux
- Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48018 , United States
| | - Timothy W Davis
- Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48018 , United States
| | - Laura T Johnson
- National Center for Water Quality Research , Heidelberg University , Tiffin , Ohio 44883 , United States
| | - Steve Ruberg
- Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48018 , United States
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4
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Fang S, Del Giudice D, Scavia D, Binding CE, Bridgeman TB, Chaffin JD, Evans MA, Guinness J, Johengen TH, Obenour DR. A space-time geostatistical model for probabilistic estimation of harmful algal bloom biomass and areal extent. Sci Total Environ 2019; 695:133776. [PMID: 31426003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing in intensity worldwide, including the western basin of Lake Erie. Substantial efforts have been made to track these blooms using in situ sampling and remote sensing. However, such measurements do not fully capture HAB spatial and temporal dynamics due to the limitations of discrete shipboard sampling over large areas and the effects of clouds and winds on remote sensing estimates. To address these limitations, we develop a space-time geostatistical modeling framework for estimating HAB intensity and extent using chlorophyll a data sampled during the HAB season (June-October) from 2008 to 2017 by five independent monitoring programs. Based on the Bayesian information criterion for model selection, trend variables explain bloom northerly and easterly expansion from Maumee Bay, wind effects over depth, and variability among sampling methods. Cross validation results demonstrate that space-time kriging explains over half of the variability in daily, location-specific chlorophyll observations, on average. Conditional simulations provide, for the first time, comprehensive estimates of overall bloom biomass (based on depth-integrated concentrations) and surface areal extent with quantified uncertainties. These new estimates are contrasted with previous Lake Erie HAB monitoring studies, and deviations among estimates are explored and discussed. Overall, results highlight the importance of maintaining sufficient monitoring coverage to capture bloom dynamics, as well as the benefits of the proposed approach for synthesizing data from multiple monitoring programs to improve estimation accuracy while reducing uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Fang
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Dario Del Giudice
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Donald Scavia
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Caren E Binding
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Thomas B Bridgeman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Lake Erie Center, University of Toledo, 6200 Bayshore Drive, Oregon, OH 43616, USA
| | - Justin D Chaffin
- F. T. Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea Grant, The Ohio State University, 878 Bayview Ave, Put-in-Bay, OH 43456, USA
| | - Mary Anne Evans
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Joseph Guinness
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, 1178 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), University of Michigan, 4840 South State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Daniel R Obenour
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7106, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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5
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Davenport EJ, Neudeck MJ, Matson PG, Bullerjahn GS, Davis TW, Wilhelm SW, Denney MK, Krausfeldt LE, Stough JMA, Meyer KA, Dick GJ, Johengen TH, Lindquist E, Tringe SG, McKay RML. Metatranscriptomic Analyses of Diel Metabolic Functions During a Microcystis Bloom in Western Lake Erie (United States). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2081. [PMID: 31551998 PMCID: PMC6746948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined diel shifts in metabolic functions of Microcystis spp. during a 48-h Lagrangian survey of a toxin-producing cyanobacterial bloom in western Lake Erie in the aftermath of the 2014 Toledo Water Crisis. Transcripts mapped to the genomes of recently sequenced lower Great Lakes Microcystis isolates showed distinct patterns of gene expression between samples collected across day (10:00 h, 16:00 h) and night (22:00 h, 04:00 h). Daytime transcripts were enriched in functions related to Photosystem II (e.g., psbA), nitrogen and phosphate acquisition, cell division (ftsHZ), heat shock response (dnaK, groEL), and uptake of inorganic carbon (rbc, bicA). Genes transcribed during nighttime included those involved in phycobilisome protein synthesis and Photosystem I core subunits. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) showed a tightly clustered group of nighttime expressed genes, whereas daytime transcripts were separated from each other over the 48-h duration. Lack of uniform clustering within the daytime transcripts suggested that the partitioning of gene expression in Microcystis is dependent on both circadian regulation and physicochemical changes within the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Davenport
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States,Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michelle J. Neudeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Paul G. Matson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - George S. Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States,*Correspondence: George S. Bullerjahn,
| | - Timothy W. Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Steven W. Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Maddie K. Denney
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Lauren E. Krausfeldt
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Joshua M. A. Stough
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Kevin A. Meyer
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gregory J. Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thomas H. Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Erika Lindquist
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Susannah G. Tringe
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Robert Michael L. McKay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States,Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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6
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Newell SE, Davis TW, Johengen TH, Gossiaux D, Burtner A, Palladino D, McCarthy MJ. Reduced forms of nitrogen are a driver of non-nitrogen-fixing harmful cyanobacterial blooms and toxicity in Lake Erie. Harmful Algae 2019; 81:86-93. [PMID: 30638502 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Western Lake Erie (WLE) experiences anthropogenic eutrophication and annual, toxic cyanobacterial blooms of non-nitrogen (N) fixing Microcystis. Numerous studies have shown that bloom biomass is correlated with an increased proportion of soluble reactive phosphorus loading from the Maumee River. Long term monitoring shows that the proportion of the annual Maumee River N load of non-nitrate N, or total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), has also increased significantly (Spearman's ρ = 0.68, p = 0.001) over the last few decades and is also significantly correlated to cyanobacterial bloom biomass (Spearman's ρ = 0.64, p = 0.003). The ratio of chemically reduced N to oxidized N (TKN:NO3) concentrations was also compared to extracted chlorophyll and phycocyanin concentrations from all weekly sampling stations within WLE from 2009 to 2015. Both chlorophyll (Spearman's ρ = 0.657, p < 0.0001) and phycocyanin (Spearman's ρ = 0.714, p < 0.0001) were significantly correlated with TKN:NO3. This correlation between the increasing fraction of chemically reduced N from the Maumee River and increasing bloom biomass demonstrates the urgent need to control N loading, in addition to current P load reductions, to WLE and similar systems impacted by non-N-fixing, toxin-producing cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia E Newell
- Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45458, USA.
| | - Timothy W Davis
- NOAA GLERL, 4840 South State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA; Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- NOAA GLERL, 4840 South State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA; Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Duane Gossiaux
- NOAA GLERL, 4840 South State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Ashley Burtner
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Danna Palladino
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mark J McCarthy
- Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45458, USA
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7
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Kitchens CM, Johengen TH, Davis TW. Establishing spatial and temporal patterns in Microcystis sediment seed stock viability and their relationship to subsequent bloom development in Western Lake Erie. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206821. [PMID: 30462664 PMCID: PMC6248936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the distribution, abundance, and viability of pre- and post-overwintering Microcystis sediment seed stocks in Western Lake Erie and how these variables are potentially related to past and subsequent bloom formation. We conducted a two-year spatiotemporal survey of vegetative seed stocks in Western Lake Erie, the region where annual algal blooms generally develop. Sediment was collected from 16 sites covering an area of 375 km2 and water column depths ranging from 3-9 meters. Sample collection occurred in November 2014, April 2015, November 2015, and April 2016. The abundance of total and potentially-toxic Microcystis cell equivalents were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A series of laboratory experiments using lake sediment were conducted to assess the viability of Microcystis vegetative seed stocks. Across all sampling periods, the abundance of total Microcystis in the sediment ranged from 6.6 x 10(4) to 1.7 x 10(9) cell equivalents g-1, and potentially-toxic Microcystis ranged from 1.4 x 10(3) to 4.7 x 10(6) cell equivalents g-1. The percent potentially-toxic Microcystis in the sediment ranged from <1% to 68% across all samples. Total Microcystis abundance diminished significantly over winter with densities in spring nearly 10 times less than the previous fall. However, despite cell loss from fall to spring, lab experiments demonstrated that remaining non-toxic and potentially-toxic cells were viable after the overwintering period. Further, lab grow-out experiments indicate that potentially-toxic strains recruited at a slightly higher rate than non-toxic strains, and may in part, contribute to the pattern of higher relative toxicity during early stages of the blooms. The abundance and distribution of overwintering cells did not correlate strongly to areas in the lake where subsequent summer blooms were most persistent. However, numerical analysis suggests that recruitment of benthic overwintering populations could help explain a portion of the initial rapid increase in bloom biomass and the spatial extent of this bloom initiation, particularly when recruitment is paired with subsequent growth in appropriate water column conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Kitchens
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Timothy W. Davis
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States of America
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8
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Chiang E, Schmidt ML, Berry MA, Biddanda BA, Burtner A, Johengen TH, Palladino D, Denef VJ. Verrucomicrobia are prevalent in north-temperate freshwater lakes and display class-level preferences between lake habitats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195112. [PMID: 29590198 PMCID: PMC5874073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial phylum Verrucomicrobia was formally described two decades ago and originally believed to be a minor member of many ecosystems; however, it is now recognized as ubiquitous and abundant in both soil and aquatic systems. Nevertheless, knowledge of the drivers of its relative abundance and within-phylum habitat preferences remains sparse, especially in lake systems. Here, we documented the distribution of Verrucomicrobia in 12 inland lakes in Southeastern Michigan, a Laurentian Great Lake (Lake Michigan), and a freshwater estuary, which span a gradient in lake sizes, depths, residence times, and trophic states. A wide range of physical and geochemical parameters was covered by sampling seasonally from the surface and bottom of each lake, and by separating samples into particle-associated and free-living fractions. On average, Verrucomicrobia was the 4th most abundant phylum (range 1.7–41.7%). Fraction, season, station, and depth explained up to 70% of the variance in Verrucomicrobia community composition and preference for these habitats was phylogenetically conserved at the class-level. When relative abundance was linearly modeled against environmental data, Verrucomicrobia and non-Verrucomicrobia bacterial community composition correlated to similar quantitative environmental parameters, although there were lake system-dependent differences and > 55% of the variance remained unexplained. A majority of the phylum exhibited preference for the particle-associated fraction and two classes (Opitutae and Verrucomicrobiae) were identified to be more abundant during the spring season. This study highlights the high relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia in north temperate lake systems and expands insights into drivers of within-phylum habitat preferences of the Verrucomicrobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Chiang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Marian L. Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Berry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Bopaiah A. Biddanda
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI, United States of America
| | - Ashley Burtner
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Danna Palladino
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Vincent J. Denef
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Steffen MM, Davis TW, McKay RML, Bullerjahn GS, Krausfeldt LE, Stough JMA, Neitzey ML, Gilbert NE, Boyer GL, Johengen TH, Gossiaux DC, Burtner AM, Palladino D, Rowe MD, Dick GJ, Meyer KA, Levy S, Boone BE, Stumpf RP, Wynne TT, Zimba PV, Gutierrez D, Wilhelm SW. Ecophysiological Examination of the Lake Erie Microcystis Bloom in 2014: Linkages between Biology and the Water Supply Shutdown of Toledo, OH. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:6745-6755. [PMID: 28535339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Annual cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis have occurred in western Lake Erie (U.S./Canada) during summer months since 1995. The production of toxins by bloom-forming cyanobacteria can lead to drinking water crises, such as the one experienced by the city of Toledo in August of 2014, when the city was rendered without drinking water for >2 days. It is important to understand the conditions and environmental cues that were driving this specific bloom to provide a scientific framework for management of future bloom events. To this end, samples were collected and metatranscriptomes generated coincident with the collection of environmental metrics for eight sites located in the western basin of Lake Erie, including a station proximal to the water intake for the city of Toledo. These data were used to generate a basin-wide ecophysiological fingerprint of Lake Erie Microcystis populations in August 2014 for comparison to previous bloom communities. Our observations and analyses indicate that, at the time of sample collection, Microcystis populations were under dual nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stress, as genes involved in scavenging of these nutrients were being actively transcribed. Targeted analysis of urea transport and hydrolysis suggests a potentially important role for exogenous urea as a nitrogen source during the 2014 event. Finally, simulation data suggest a wind event caused microcystin-rich water from Maumee Bay to be transported east along the southern shoreline past the Toledo water intake. Coupled with a significant cyanophage infection, these results reveal that a combination of biological and environmental factors led to the disruption of the Toledo water supply. This scenario was not atypical of reoccurring Lake Erie blooms and thus may reoccur in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Steffen
- Department of Biology, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Timothy W Davis
- NOAA-GLERL, 4840 South State Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - R Michael L McKay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - George S Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Lauren E Krausfeldt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Joshua M A Stough
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michelle L Neitzey
- Department of Biology, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Naomi E Gilbert
- Department of Biology, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Gregory L Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Environmental Science and Forestry , Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Duane C Gossiaux
- NOAA-GLERL, 4840 South State Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Ashley M Burtner
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Danna Palladino
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Mark D Rowe
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Gregory J Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kevin A Meyer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shawn Levy
- Genomic Service Laboratory, Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology , Huntsville, Alabama 35806, United States
| | - Braden E Boone
- Genomic Service Laboratory, Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology , Huntsville, Alabama 35806, United States
| | - Richard P Stumpf
- NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Timothy T Wynne
- NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M Corpus Christi , Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, United States
| | - Danielle Gutierrez
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M Corpus Christi , Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, United States
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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10
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Berry MA, White JD, Davis TW, Jain S, Johengen TH, Dick GJ, Sarnelle O, Denef VJ. Are Oligotypes Meaningful Ecological and Phylogenetic Units? A Case Study of Microcystis in Freshwater Lakes. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:365. [PMID: 28337183 PMCID: PMC5341627 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligotyping is a computational method used to increase the resolution of marker gene microbiome studies. Although oligotyping can distinguish highly similar sequence variants, the resulting units are not necessarily phylogenetically and ecologically informative due to limitations of the selected marker gene. In this perspective, we examine how oligotyping data is interpreted in recent literature, and we illustrate some of the method’s constraints with a case study of the harmful bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis. We identified three Microcystis oligotypes from a western Lake Erie bacterial community 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) survey that had previously clustered into one OTU. We found the same three oligotypes and two additional sequence variants in 46 Microcystis cultures isolated from Michigan inland lakes spanning a trophic gradient. In Lake Erie, shifts in Microcystis oligotypes corresponded to spatial nutrient gradients and temporal transitions in bloom toxicity. In the cultures, Microcystis oligotypes showed preferential distributions for different trophic states, but genomic data revealed that the oligotypes identified in Lake Erie did not correspond to toxin gene presence. Thus, oligotypes could not be used for inferring toxic ecotypes. Most strikingly, Microcystis oligotypes were not monophyletic. Our study supports the utility of oligotyping for distinguishing sequence types along certain ecological features, while it stresses that 16S rRNA gene sequence types may not reflect ecologically or phylogenetically cohesive populations. Therefore, we recommend that studies employing oligotyping or related tools consider these caveats during data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Berry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey D White
- Department of Biology, Framingham State University Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Timothy W Davis
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sunit Jain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory J Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Orlando Sarnelle
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vincent J Denef
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Berry MA, Davis TW, Cory RM, Duhaime MB, Johengen TH, Kling GW, Marino JA, Den Uyl PA, Gossiaux D, Dick GJ, Denef VJ. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are a biological disturbance to Western Lake Erie bacterial communities. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1149-1162. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Berry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Timothy W. Davis
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; Ann Arbor MI 48108 USA
| | - Rose M. Cory
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Melissa B. Duhaime
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Thomas H. Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - George W. Kling
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - John A. Marino
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Paul A. Den Uyl
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Duane Gossiaux
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; Ann Arbor MI 48108 USA
| | - Gregory J. Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Vincent J. Denef
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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12
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Bertani I, Steger CE, Obenour DR, Fahnenstiel GL, Bridgeman TB, Johengen TH, Sayers MJ, Shuchman RA, Scavia D. Tracking cyanobacteria blooms: Do different monitoring approaches tell the same story? Sci Total Environ 2017; 575:294-308. [PMID: 27744157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria blooms are a major environmental issue worldwide. Our understanding of the biophysical processes driving cyanobacterial proliferation and the ability to develop predictive models that inform resource managers and policy makers rely upon the accurate characterization of bloom dynamics. Models quantifying relationships between bloom severity and environmental drivers are often calibrated to an individual set of bloom observations, and few studies have assessed whether differences among observing platforms could lead to contrasting results in terms of relevant bloom predictors and their estimated influence on bloom severity. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of coherence of different monitoring methods in (1) capturing short- and long-term cyanobacteria bloom dynamics and (2) identifying environmental drivers associated with bloom variability. Using western Lake Erie as a case study, we applied boosted regression tree (BRT) models to long-term time series of cyanobacteria bloom estimates from multiple in-situ and remote sensing approaches to quantify the relative influence of physico-chemical and meteorological drivers on bloom variability. Results of BRT models showed remarkable consistency with known ecological requirements of cyanobacteria (e.g., nutrient loading, water temperature, and tributary discharge). However, discrepancies in inter-annual and intra-seasonal bloom dynamics across monitoring approaches led to some inconsistencies in the relative importance, shape, and sign of the modeled relationships between select environmental drivers and bloom severity. This was especially true for variables characterized by high short-term variability, such as wind forcing. These discrepancies might have implications for our understanding of the role of different environmental drivers in regulating bloom dynamics, and subsequently for the development of models capable of informing management and decision making. Our results highlight the need to develop methods to integrate multiple data sources to better characterize bloom spatio-temporal variability and improve our ability to understand and predict cyanobacteria blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bertani
- Water Center, Graham Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan, 625 E. Liberty St., Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
| | - Cara E Steger
- Water Center, Graham Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan, 625 E. Liberty St., Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Daniel R Obenour
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, USA
| | - Gary L Fahnenstiel
- Water Center, Graham Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan, 625 E. Liberty St., Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA; Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Thomas B Bridgeman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Lake Erie Center, University of Toledo, 6200 Bayshore Drive, Oregon, OH 43616, USA
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, 4840 South State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Michael J Sayers
- Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 3600 Green Ct., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Robert A Shuchman
- Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 3600 Green Ct., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Donald Scavia
- Water Center, Graham Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan, 625 E. Liberty St., Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
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13
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Stumpf RP, Davis TW, Wynne TT, Graham JL, Loftin KA, Johengen TH, Gossiaux D, Palladino D, Burtner A. Challenges for mapping cyanotoxin patterns from remote sensing of cyanobacteria. Harmful Algae 2016; 54:160-173. [PMID: 28073474 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Using satellite imagery to quantify the spatial patterns of cyanobacterial toxins has several challenges. These challenges include the need for surrogate pigments - since cyanotoxins cannot be directly detected by remote sensing, the variability in the relationship between the pigments and cyanotoxins - especially microcystins (MC), and the lack of standardization of the various measurement methods. A dual-model strategy can provide an approach to address these challenges. One model uses either chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) or phycocyanin (PC) collected in situ as a surrogate to estimate the MC concentration. The other uses a remote sensing algorithm to estimate the concentration of the surrogate pigment. Where blooms are mixtures of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae, PC should be the preferred surrogate to Chl-a. Where cyanobacteria dominate, Chl-a is a better surrogate than PC for remote sensing. Phycocyanin is less sensitive to detection by optical remote sensing, it is less frequently measured, PC laboratory methods are still not standardized, and PC has greater intracellular variability. Either pigment should not be presumed to have a fixed relationship with MC for any water body. The MC-pigment relationship can be valid over weeks, but have considerable intra- and inter-annual variability due to changes in the amount of MC produced relative to cyanobacterial biomass. To detect pigments by satellite, three classes of algorithms (analytic, semi-analytic, and derivative) have been used. Analytical and semi-analytical algorithms are more sensitive but less robust than derivatives because they depend on accurate atmospheric correction; as a result derivatives are more commonly used. Derivatives can estimate Chl-a concentration, and research suggests they can detect and possibly quantify PC. Derivative algorithms, however, need to be standardized in order to evaluate the reproducibility of parameterizations between lakes. A strategy for producing useful estimates of microcystins from cyanobacterial biomass is described, provided cyanotoxin variability is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Stumpf
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Timothy W Davis
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy T Wynne
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Graham
- United States Geological Survey, Kansas Water Science Center, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Keith A Loftin
- United States Geological Survey, Kansas Water Science Center, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology & Ecosystem Research (CILER), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Duane Gossiaux
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Danna Palladino
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology & Ecosystem Research (CILER), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashley Burtner
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology & Ecosystem Research (CILER), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Drake LA, Tamburri MN, First MR, Smith GJ, Johengen TH. How many organisms are in ballast water discharge? A framework for validating and selecting compliance monitoring tools. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 86:122-128. [PMID: 25110047 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As regulations governing the discharge of living organisms in ships' ballast water enter into force, tools to rapidly and easily measure compliance with the discharge standards will be essential. To assess, validate, and select compliance tools, a framework-consisting of three parts-is presented: proof-of-concept, validation and verification, and final selection stages. Next, a case study describing the proof-of-concept stage is discussed. Specifically, variable fluorescence was evaluated as an approach for determining compliance with the discharge standard for living organisms ⩾10 μm and <50 μm (typically protists). Preliminary laboratory experiments were conducted, which were followed by an expert workshop to gauge the feasibility of this approach and propose hypothetical thresholds indicating when the discharge standard is undoubtedly exceeded. Subsequently, field trials were conducted to assess this approach and recommended thresholds. All results were favorable, indicating the validation and verification stages are merited to further evaluate fluorometers as compliance monitoring tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Drake
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6136, Key West, FL 33041, United States.
| | - Mario N Tamburri
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, United States
| | | | - G Jason Smith
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Rd., Moss Landing, CA 95039, United States
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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15
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Bunnell DB, Barbiero RP, Ludsin SA, Madenjian CP, Warren GJ, Dolan DM, Brenden TO, Briland R, Gorman OT, He JX, Johengen TH, Lantry BF, Lesht BM, Nalepa TF, Riley SC, Riseng CM, Treska TJ, Tsehaye I, WALSH MAUREENG, Warner DM, Weidel BC. Changing Ecosystem Dynamics in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Regulation. Bioscience 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bit001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Michalak AM, Anderson EJ, Beletsky D, Boland S, Bosch NS, Bridgeman TB, Chaffin JD, Cho K, Confesor R, Daloglu I, Depinto JV, Evans MA, Fahnenstiel GL, He L, Ho JC, Jenkins L, Johengen TH, Kuo KC, Laporte E, Liu X, McWilliams MR, Moore MR, Posselt DJ, Richards RP, Scavia D, Steiner AL, Verhamme E, Wright DM, Zagorski MA. Record-setting algal bloom in Lake Erie caused by agricultural and meteorological trends consistent with expected future conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6448-52. [PMID: 23576718 PMCID: PMC3631662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216006110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2011, Lake Erie experienced the largest harmful algal bloom in its recorded history, with a peak intensity over three times greater than any previously observed bloom. Here we show that long-term trends in agricultural practices are consistent with increasing phosphorus loading to the western basin of the lake, and that these trends, coupled with meteorological conditions in spring 2011, produced record-breaking nutrient loads. An extended period of weak lake circulation then led to abnormally long residence times that incubated the bloom, and warm and quiescent conditions after bloom onset allowed algae to remain near the top of the water column and prevented flushing of nutrients from the system. We further find that all of these factors are consistent with expected future conditions. If a scientifically guided management plan to mitigate these impacts is not implemented, we can therefore expect this bloom to be a harbinger of future blooms in Lake Erie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Michalak
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Hypoxic conditions, defined as dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations below 2 mg/L, are a regular summertime occurrence in Lake Erie, but the spatial extent has been poorly understood due to sparse sampling. We use geostatistical kriging and conditional realizations to provide quantitative estimates of the extent of hypoxia in the central basin of Lake Erie for August and September of 1987 to 2007, along with their associated uncertainties. The applied geostatistical approach combines the limited in situ DO measurements with auxiliary data selected using the Bayesian Information Criterion. Bathymetry and longitude are found to be highly significant in explaining the spatial distribution of DO, while satellite observations of sea surface temperature and satellite chlorophyll are not. The hypoxic extent was generally lowest in the mid-1990s, with the late 1980s (1987, 1988) and the 2000s (2003, 2005) experiencing the largest hypoxic zones. A simple exponential relationship based on the squared average measured bottom DO explains 97% of the estimated variability in the hypoxic extent. The change in the observed maximum extent between August and September is found to be sensitive to the corresponding variability in the hypolimnion thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zhou
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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18
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Santagata S, Bacela K, Reid DF, Mclean KA, Cohen JS, Cordell JR, Brown CW, Johengen TH, Ruiz GM. Concentrated sodium chloride brine solutions as an additional treatment for preventing the introduction of nonindigenous species in the ballast tanks of ships declaring no ballast on board. Environ Toxicol Chem 2009; 28:346-353. [PMID: 18811222 DOI: 10.1897/08-140.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently, seawater flushing is the only management strategy for reducing the number of viable organisms in residual sediments and water of ballast tanks of vessels declaring no ballast on board (NOBOB) that traffic ports of the eastern United States. Previously, we identified several species of freshwater and brackish-water peracarid crustaceans able to survive the osmotic shock that occurs during open-ocean ballast water exchange and, potentially, to disperse over long distances via ballasted ships and NOBOB vessels. We tested the efficacy of concentrated sodium chloride brine solutions as an additional treatment for eradicating the halotolerant taxa often present in the ballast tanks of NOBOB ships. The lowest brine treatments (30 ppt for 1 h) caused 100% mortality in several species of cladocerans and copepods collected from oligohaline habitats. Several brackish-water peracarid crustaceans, however, including some that can survive in freshwater as well, required higher brine concentrations and longer exposure durations (45-60 ppt for 3-24 h). The most resilient animals were widely introduced peracarid crustaceans that generally prefer mesohaline habitats but do not tolerate freshwater (required brine treatments of 60-110 ppt for 3-24 h). Brine treatments (30 ppt) also required less time to cause 100% mortality for eight taxa compared with treatments using 34 ppt seawater. Based on these experiments and published data, we present treatment strategies for the ballast tank biota often associated with NOBOB vessels entering the Great Lakes region. We estimate the lethal dosage of brine for 95% of the species in our experiments to be 110 ppt (95% confidence interval, 85-192 ppt) when the exposure time is 1 h and 60 ppt (95% confidence interval, 48-98 ppt) when the exposure duration is 6 h or longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Santagata
- Marine Invasions Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA.
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19
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Hawley N, Johengen TH, Rao YR, Ruberg SA, Beletsky D, Ludsin SA, Eadie BJ, Schwab DJ, Croley TE, Brandt SB. Lake Erie hypoxia prompts Canada-U.S. study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006eo320001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Bailey SA, Nandakumar K, Duggan IC, Van Overdijk CDA, Johengen TH, Reid DF, MacIsaac HJ. In situ hatching of invertebrate diapausing eggs from ships’ ballast sediment. DIVERS DISTRIB 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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21
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Gardner WS, Lavrentyev PJ, Cavaletto JF, McCarthy MJ, Eadie BJ, Johengen TH, Cotner JB. Distribution and dynamics of nitrogen and microbial plankton in southern Lake Michigan during spring transition 1999-2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jc001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne S. Gardner
- Marine Science Institute; University of Texas at Austin; Port Aransas Texas USA
| | | | - Joann F. Cavaletto
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Mark J. McCarthy
- Marine Science Institute; University of Texas at Austin; Port Aransas Texas USA
| | - Brian J. Eadie
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Thomas H. Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research (CILER); University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - James B. Cotner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior; University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota USA
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