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Hochdörfer T, Winkler C, Pardali K, Mjösberg J. Expression of c-Kit discriminates between two functionally distinct subsets of human type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:884-893. [PMID: 30892687 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are the only ILC subset that shows heterogeneous expression of the SCF receptor c-Kit (CD117). Despite its use as surface marker to distinguish ILC populations, its influence on ILC2 biology has not been investigated. Here, we show that c-Kit expression of peripheral blood ILC distinguishes two functionally distinct ILC2 subsets (c-Kithi and c-Kitlo ). When examined for their potential for functional plasticity we found that c-Kitlo ILC2 displayed greater potential to produce type 2 cytokines, possibly representing fully mature and lineage committed ILC2. On the other hand, c-Kithi ILC2 coexpressed the ILC3-marker and chemokine receptor CCR6 and were able to mount a significant IL-17A response under ILC3-promoting conditions. In addition, c-Kithi ILC2 produced higher levels of IFN-γ than c-Kitlo ILC2 under ILC1-conditions. Although costimulation with SCF did not further influence ILC2 plasticity, it augmented type 2 cytokine production. We conclude that c-Kit marks distinct subpopulations of ILC2, which has therapeutic implications for conditions in which ILC2 are involved, such as allergy and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hochdörfer
- Target and Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carla Winkler
- Target and Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katerina Pardali
- Target and Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Winkler C, Hochdörfer T, Israelsson E, Hasselberg A, Cavallin A, Thörn K, Muthas D, Shojaee S, Lüer K, Müller M, Mjösberg J, Vaarala O, Hohlfeld J, Pardali K. Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells after allergen challenge in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:61-69.e7. [PMID: 30731124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are effective producers of IL-5 and IL-13 during allergic inflammation and bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses. ILC2 numbers are increased in asthmatic patients compared with healthy control subjects. Thus far, human data describing their phenotype during acute allergic inflammation in the lung are incomplete. OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize and compare blood- and lung-derived ILC2s before and after segmental allergen challenge in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma with high blood eosinophil counts (≥300 cells/μL). METHODS ILC2s were isolated from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid before and after segmental allergen challenge. Cells were sorted by means of flow cytometry, cultured and analyzed for cytokine release or migration, and sequenced for RNA expression. RESULTS ILC2s were nearly absent in the alveolar space under baseline conditions, but numbers increased significantly after allergen challenge (P < .05), whereas at the same time, ILC2 numbers in blood were reduced (P < .05). Prostaglandin D2 and CXCL12 levels in BAL fluid correlated with decreased ILC2 numbers in blood (P = .004, respective P = .024). After allergen challenge, several genes promoting type 2 inflammation were expressed at greater levels in BAL fluid compared with blood ILC2s, whereas blood ILC2s remain unactivated. CONCLUSION ILC2s accumulate at the site of allergic inflammation and are recruited from the blood. Their transcriptional and functional activation pattern promotes type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Winkler
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Hochdörfer
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Israelsson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annemarie Hasselberg
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Cavallin
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Thörn
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Muthas
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shervin Shojaee
- Discovery Science, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katrin Lüer
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katerina Pardali
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kuhny M, Hochdörfer T, Mathew S, Huber M. 104. Cytokine 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kuhny M, Hochdörfer T, Ayata CK, Idzko M, Huber M. CD39 is a negative regulator of P2X7-mediated inflammatory cell death in mast cells. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:40. [PMID: 25184735 PMCID: PMC4110707 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cells (MCs) are major contributors to an inflammatory milieu. One of the most potent drivers of inflammation is the cytokine IL-1β, which is produced in the cytoplasm in response to danger signals like LPS. Several controlling mechanisms have been reported which limit the release of IL-1β. Central to this regulation is the NLRP3 inflammasome, activation of which requires a second danger signal with the capacity to subvert the homeostasis of lysosomes and mitochondria. High concentrations of extracellular ATP have the capability to perturb the plasma membrane by activation of P2X7 channels and serve as such a danger signal. In this study we investigate the role of P2X7 channels and the ecto-5´-nucleotidase CD39 in ATP-triggered release of IL-1β from LPS-treated mast cells. Results We report that in MCs CD39 sets an activation threshold for the P2X7-dependent inflammatory cell death and concomitant IL-1β release. Knock-out of CD39 or stimulation with non-hydrolysable ATP led to a lower activation threshold for P2X7-dependent responses. We found that stimulation of LPS-primed MCs with high doses of ATP readily induced inflammatory cell death. Yet, cell death-dependent release of IL-1β yielded only minute amounts of IL-1β. Intriguingly, stimulation with low ATP concentrations augmented the production of IL-1β in LPS-primed MCs in a P2X7-independent but caspase-1-dependent manner. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the fine-tuned interplay between ATP and different surface molecules recognizing or modifying ATP can control inflammatory and cell death decisions.
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Abstract
The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 kinase complex is composed of the kinases WNK (with no lysine) and SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) or the SPAK homolog OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1). The WNK family senses changes in intracellular Cl(-) concentration, extracellular osmolarity, and cell volume and transduces this information to sodium (Na(+)), potassium (K(+)), and chloride (Cl(-)) cotransporters [collectively referred to as CCCs (cation-chloride cotransporters)] and ion channels to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis and affect cellular morphology and behavior. Several genes encoding proteins in this pathway are mutated in human disease, and the cotransporters are targets of commonly used drugs. WNKs stimulate the kinases SPAK and OSR1, which directly phosphorylate and stimulate Cl(-)-importing, Na(+)-driven CCCs or inhibit the Cl(-)-extruding, K(+)-driven CCCs. These coordinated and reciprocal actions on the CCCs are triggered by an interaction between RFXV/I motifs within the WNKs and CCCs and a conserved carboxyl-terminal docking domain in SPAK and OSR1. This interaction site represents a potentially druggable node that could be more effective than targeting the cotransporters directly. In the kidney, WNK-SPAK/OSR1 inhibition decreases epithelial NaCl reabsorption and K(+) secretion to lower blood pressure while maintaining serum K(+). In neurons, WNK-SPAK/OSR1 inhibition could facilitate Cl(-) extrusion and promote γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) inhibition. Such drugs could have efficacy as K(+)-sparing blood pressure-lowering agents in essential hypertension, nonaddictive analgesics in neuropathic pain, and promoters of GABAergic inhibition in diseases associated with neuronal hyperactivity, such as epilepsy, spasticity, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario R Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Arjun Khanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Hochdörfer
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Yuze Shang
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Hochdörfer T, Tiedje C, Stumpo DJ, Blackshear PJ, Gaestel M, Huber M. LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6 in mast cells is dependent on p38 but independent of TTP. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1339-47. [PMID: 23499908 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 is regulated by various mRNA-binding proteins, influencing stability and translation of the respective transcripts. Research in macrophages has shown the importance of the p38-MK2-tristetraprolin (TTP) axis for regulation of TNF-α mRNA stability and translation. In the current study we examined a possible involvement of p38 and TTP in LPS-induced cytokine production in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Using pharmacological inhibitors we initially found a strong dependence of LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production on p38 activation, whereas activation of the Erk pathway appeared dispensable. LPS treatment also induced p38-dependent expression of the TTP gene. This prompted us to analyze the proinflammatory cytokine response in BMMCs generated from TTP-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, there were no significant differences in cytokine production between TTP-deficient and WT BMMCs in response to LPS. Gene expression and cytokine production of TNF-α and IL-6 as well as stability of the TNF-α transcript were comparable between TTP-deficient and WT BMMCs. In contrast to TTP mRNA expression, TTP protein expression could not be detected in BMMCs. While we successfully precipitated and detected TTP from lysates of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, this was not accomplished from BMMC lysates. In contrast, we found mRNA and protein expressions of the other TIS11 family members connected to regulation of mRNA stability, BRF1 and BRF2, and detected their interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. These data suggest that control of cytokine mRNA stability and translation in MCs is exerted by proteins different from TTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hochdörfer
- RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Aachen, Germany
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Mukherjee O, Weingarten L, Padberg I, Pracht C, Sinha R, Hochdörfer T, Kuppig S, Backofen R, Reth M, Huber M. The SH2-domain of SHIP1 interacts with the SHIP1 C-terminus: impact on SHIP1/Ig-α interaction. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1823:206-14. [PMID: 22182704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase, SHIP1, negatively regulates signal transduction from the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). The mode of coupling between SHIP1 and the BCR has not been elucidated so far. In comparison to wild-type cells, B cells expressing a mutant IgD- or IgM-BCR containing a C-terminally truncated Ig-α respond to pervanadate stimulation with markedly reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP1 and augmented activation of protein kinase B. This indicates that SHIP1 is capable of interacting with the C-terminus of Ig-α. Employing a system of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in S2 cells, we can clearly demonstrate interaction between the SH2-domain of SHIP1 and Ig-α. Furthermore, a fluorescently labeled SH2-domain of SHIP1 translocates to the plasma membrane in an Ig-α-dependent manner. Interestingly, whereas the SHIP1 SH2-domain can be pulled-down with phospho-peptides corresponding to the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of Ig-α from detergent lysates, no interaction between full-length SHIP1 and the phosphorylated Ig-α ITAM can be observed. Further studies show that the SH2-domain of SHIP1 can bind to the C-terminus of the SHIP1 molecule, most probably by inter- as well as intra-molecular means, and that this interaction regulates the association between different forms of SHIP1 and Ig-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrilla Mukherjee
- RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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