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Vaidhyanathan Krishnamurthy G, Chirumamilla M, Krekeler T, Ritter M, Raudsepp R, Schieda M, Klassen T, Pedersen K, Petrov AY, Eich M, Störmer M. Iridium-Based Selective Emitters for Thermophotovoltaic Applications. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2305922. [PMID: 37586078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The long-term operation of refractory-metal-based metamaterials is crucial for applications such as thermophotovoltaics. The metamaterials based on refractory metals like W, Mo, Ta, Nb, and Re fail primarily by oxidation. Here, the use of the noble metal Ir is proposed, which is stable to oxidation and has optical properties comparable to gold. The thermal endurance of Ir in a 3-layer-system, consisting of HfO2 /Ir/HfO2 , by performing annealing experiments up to 1240 °C in a pressure range from 2 × 10-6 mbar to 1 bar, is demonstrated. The Ir layer shows no oxidation in a vacuum and inert gas atmosphere. At temperatures above 1100 °C, the Ir layer starts to agglomerate due to the degradation of the confining HfO2 layers. An in situ X-ray diffraction experimental comparison between 1D multilayered Ir/HfO2 and W/HfO2 selective emitters annealed at 1000 °C, 2 × 10-6 mbar, over 100 h, confirms oxidation stability of Ir while W multilayers gradually disappear. The results of this work show that W-based metamaterials are not long-term stable even at 1000 °C. However, the oxidation resistance of Ir can be leveraged for refractory plasmonic metamaterials, such as selective emitters in thermophotovoltaic systems with strong suppression of long wavelength radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manohar Chirumamilla
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 38, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Skjernvej 4A, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ragle Raudsepp
- Institute of Photoelectrochemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Mauricio Schieda
- Institute of Photoelectrochemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Thomas Klassen
- Institute of Hydrogen Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Kjeld Pedersen
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Skjernvej 4A, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Alexander Yu Petrov
- Institute of Photoelectrochemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 38, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Eich
- Institute of Photoelectrochemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 38, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Störmer
- Institute of Photoelectrochemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
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2
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Gries S, Brinker M, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Rings D, Krekeler T, Longo E, Greving I, Huber P. Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous Silicon and Silica by Active Nanoparticle-Assisted Chemical Etching and Pseudomorphic Thermal Oxidation. Small 2023; 19:e2206842. [PMID: 36794297 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many biological materials exhibit a multiscale porosity with small, mostly nanoscale pores as well as large, macroscopic capillaries to simultaneously achieve optimized mass transport capabilities and lightweight structures with large inner surfaces. Realizing such a hierarchical porosity in artificial materials necessitates often sophisticated and expensive top-down processing that limits scalability. Here, an approach that combines self-organized porosity based on metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) with photolithographically induced macroporosity for the synthesis of single-crystalline silicon with a bimodal pore-size distribution is presented, i.e., hexagonally arranged cylindrical macropores with 1 µm diameter separated by walls that are traversed by pores 60 nm across. The MACE process is mainly guided by a metal-catalyzed reduction-oxidation reaction, where silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) serve as the catalyst. In this process, the AgNPs act as self-propelled particles that are constantly removing silicon along their trajectories. High-resolution X-ray imaging and electron tomography reveal a resulting large open porosity and inner surface for potential applications in high-performance energy storage, harvesting and conversion or for on-chip sensorics and actuorics. Finally, the hierarchically porous silicon membranes can be transformed structure-conserving by thermal oxidation into hierarchically porous amorphous silica, a material that could be of particular interest for opto-fluidic and (bio-)photonic applications due to its multiscale artificial vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gries
- Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 10, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures, CHyN, University of Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Brinker
- Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 10, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures, CHyN, University of Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Center for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Dagmar Rings
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Longo
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, Italien
| | - Imke Greving
- Center for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 10, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures, CHyN, University of Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Kohantorabi M, Wagstaffe M, Creutzburg M, Ugolotti A, Kulkarni S, Jeromin A, Krekeler T, Feuerherd M, Herrmann A, Ebert G, Protzer U, Guédez G, Löw C, Thuenauer R, Schlueter C, Gloskovskii A, Keller TF, Di Valentin C, Stierle A, Noei H. Adsorption and Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on the Surface of Anatase TiO 2(101). ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:8770-8782. [PMID: 36723177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current pandemic, on the surface of the model catalyst TiO2(101) using atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, accompanied by density functional theory calculations. Three different methods were employed to inactivate the virus after it was loaded on the surface of TiO2(101): (i) ethanol, (ii) thermal, and (iii) UV treatments. Microscopic studies demonstrate that the denatured spike proteins and other proteins in the virus structure readsorb on the surface of TiO2 under thermal and UV treatments. The interaction of the virus with the surface of TiO2 was different for the thermally and UV treated samples compared to the sample inactivated via ethanol treatment. AFM and TEM results on the UV-treated sample suggested that the adsorbed viral particles undergo damage and photocatalytic oxidation at the surface of TiO2(101) which can affect the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and denature the spike proteins in 30 min. The role of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated in the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and TiO2(101). The presence of Pd NPs enhanced the adsorption of the virus due to the possible interaction of the spike protein with the NPs. This study is the first investigation of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the surface of single crystalline TiO2(101) as a potential candidate for virus deactivation applications. Clarification of the interaction of the virus with the surface of semiconductor oxides will aid in obtaining a deeper understanding of the chemical processes involved in photoinactivation of microorganisms, which is important for the design of effective photocatalysts for air purification and self-cleaning materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kohantorabi
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Michael Wagstaffe
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Marcus Creutzburg
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Aldo Ugolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - Satishkumar Kulkarni
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Arno Jeromin
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 42, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - Martin Feuerherd
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Alexander Herrmann
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Gabriela Guédez
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christian Löw
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Roland Thuenauer
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy and Image Analysis (TP MIA), Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlueter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Andrei Gloskovskii
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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4
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Plunkett A, Kampferbeck M, Bor B, Sazama U, Krekeler T, Bekaert L, Noei H, Giuntini D, Fröba M, Stierle A, Weller H, Vossmeyer T, Schneider GA, Domènech B. Strengthening Engineered Nanocrystal Three-Dimensional Superlattices via Ligand Conformation and Reactivity. ACS Nano 2022; 16:11692-11707. [PMID: 35760395 PMCID: PMC9413410 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystal assembly into ordered structures provides mesostructural functional materials with a precise control that starts at the atomic scale. However, the lack of understanding on the self-assembly itself plus the poor structural integrity of the resulting supercrystalline materials still limits their application into engineered materials and devices. Surface functionalization of the nanobuilding blocks with organic ligands can be used not only as a means to control the interparticle interactions during self-assembly but also as a reactive platform to further strengthen the final material via ligand cross-linking. Here, we explore the influence of the ligands on superlattice formation and during cross-linking via thermal annealing. We elucidate the effect of the surface functionalization on the nanostructure during self-assembly and show how the ligand-promoted superlattice changes subsequently alter the cross-linking behavior. By gaining further insights on the chemical species derived from the thermally activated cross-linking and its effect in the overall mechanical response, we identify an oxidative radical polymerization as the main mechanism responsible for the ligand cross-linking. In the cascade of reactions occurring during the surface-ligands polymerization, the nanocrystal core material plays a catalytic role, being strongly affected by the anchoring group of the surface ligands. Ultimately, we demonstrate how the found mechanistic insights can be used to adjust the mechanical and nanostructural properties of the obtained nanocomposites. These results enable engineering supercrystalline nanocomposites with improved cohesion while preserving their characteristic nanostructure, which is required to achieve the collective properties for broad functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Plunkett
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Büsra Bor
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uta Sazama
- Institute
of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University
of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron
Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lieven Bekaert
- Research
Group of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Center
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diletta Giuntini
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Fröba
- Institute
of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University
of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Center
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbreich
Physik, University of Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer-CAN, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerold A. Schneider
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Berta Domènech
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Giuntini D, Zhao S, Krekeler T, Li M, Blankenburg M, Bor B, Schaan G, Domènech B, Müller M, Scheider I, Ritter M, Schneider GA. Defects and plasticity in ultrastrong supercrystalline nanocomposites. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabb6063. [PMID: 33523985 PMCID: PMC7793591 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Supercrystalline nanocomposites are nanoarchitected materials with a growing range of applications but unexplored in their structural behavior. They typically consist of organically functionalized inorganic nanoparticles arranged into periodic structures analogous to crystalline lattices, including superlattice imperfections induced by processing or mechanical loading. Although featuring a variety of promising functional properties, their lack of mechanical robustness and unknown deformation mechanisms hamper their implementation into devices. We show that supercrystalline materials react to indentation with the same deformation patterns encountered in single crystals. Supercrystals accommodate plastic deformation in the form of pile-ups, dislocations, and slip bands. These phenomena occur, at least partially, also after cross-linking of the organic ligands, which leads to a multifold strengthening of the nanocomposites. The classic shear theories of crystalline materials are found to describe well the behavior of supercrystalline nanocomposites, which result to feature an elastoplastic behavior, accompanied by compaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Giuntini
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | - T Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Li
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - M Blankenburg
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - B Bor
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Schaan
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Domènech
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - I Scheider
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - M Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Brinker M, Dittrich G, Richert C, Lakner P, Krekeler T, Keller TF, Huber N, Huber P. Giant electrochemical actuation in a nanoporous silicon-polypyrrole hybrid material. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/40/eaba1483. [PMID: 32998892 PMCID: PMC7527211 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The absence of piezoelectricity in silicon makes direct electromechanical applications of this mainstream semiconductor impossible. Integrated electrical control of the silicon mechanics, however, would open up new perspectives for on-chip actuorics. Here, we combine wafer-scale nanoporosity in single-crystalline silicon with polymerization of an artificial muscle material inside pore space to synthesize a composite that shows macroscopic electrostrain in aqueous electrolyte. The voltage-strain coupling is three orders of magnitude larger than the best-performing ceramics in terms of piezoelectric actuation. We trace this huge electroactuation to the concerted action of 100 billions of nanopores per square centimeter cross section and to potential-dependent pressures of up to 150 atmospheres at the single-pore scale. The exceptionally small operation voltages (0.4 to 0.9 volts), along with the sustainable and biocompatible base materials, make this hybrid promising for bioactuator applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Brinker
- Physics of Materials and High-Resolution X-Ray Analytics of the Structural Dynamics and Function of Matter, Hamburg University of Technology TUHH, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Dittrich
- Physics of Materials and High-Resolution X-Ray Analytics of the Structural Dynamics and Function of Matter, Hamburg University of Technology TUHH, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Richert
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Pirmin Lakner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Huber
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Physics of Materials and High-Resolution X-Ray Analytics of the Structural Dynamics and Function of Matter, Hamburg University of Technology TUHH, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures CHyN, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Domènech B, Plunkett A, Kampferbeck M, Blankenburg M, Bor B, Giuntini D, Krekeler T, Wagstaffe M, Noei H, Stierle A, Ritter M, Müller M, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Schneider GA. Modulating the Mechanical Properties of Supercrystalline Nanocomposite Materials via Solvent-Ligand Interactions. Langmuir 2019; 35:13893-13903. [PMID: 31580678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Supercrystalline nanocomposite materials with micromechanical properties approaching those of nacre or similar structural biomaterials can be produced by self-assembly of organically modified nanoparticles and further strengthened by cross-linking. The strengthening of these nanocomposites is controlled via thermal treatment, which promotes the formation of covalent bonds between interdigitated ligands on the nanoparticle surface. In this work, it is shown how the extent of the mechanical properties enhancement can be controlled by the solvent used during the self-assembly step. We find that the resulting mechanical properties correlate with the Hansen solubility parameters of the solvents and ligands used for the supercrystal assembly: the hardness and elastic modulus decrease as the Hansen solubility parameter of the solvent approaches the Hansen solubility parameter of the ligands that stabilize the nanoparticles. Moreover, it is shown that self-assembled supercrystals that are subsequently uniaxially pressed can deform up to 6 %. The extent of this deformation is also closely related to the solvent used during the self-assembly step. These results indicate that the conformation and arrangement of the organic ligands on the nanoparticle surface not only control the self-assembly itself but also influence the mechanical properties of the resulting supercrystalline material. The Hansen solubility parameters may therefore serve as a tool to predict what solvents and ligands should be used to obtain supercrystalline materials with good mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Malte Blankenburg
- Institute of Materials Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , 21502 Geesthacht , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Heshmat Noei
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Fachbereich Physik , Universität Hamburg , 20355 Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Martin Müller
- Institute of Materials Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , 21502 Geesthacht , Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
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8
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Dahl GT, Döring S, Krekeler T, Janssen R, Ritter M, Weller H, Vossmeyer T. Alumina-Doped Zirconia Submicro-Particles: Synthesis, Thermal Stability, and Microstructural Characterization. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12182856. [PMID: 31491844 PMCID: PMC6766039 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia nanoceramics are interesting materials for numerous high-temperature applications. Because their beneficial properties are mainly governed by the crystal and microstructure, it is essential to understand and control these features. The use of co-stabilizing agents in the sol-gel synthesis of zirconia submicro-particles should provide an effective tool for adjusting the particles' size and shape. Furthermore, alumina-doping is expected to enhance the particles' size and shape persistence at high temperatures, similar to what is observed in corresponding bulk ceramics. Dispersed alumina should inhibit grain growth by forming diffusion barriers, additionally impeding the martensitic phase transformation in zirconia grains. Here, alumina-doped zirconia particles with sphere-like shape and average diameters of ∼ 300 n m were synthesized using a modified sol-gel route employing icosanoic acid and hydroxypropyl cellulose as stabilizing agents. The particles were annealed at temperatures between 800 and 1200 ∘ C and characterized by electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Complementary elemental analyses confirmed the precise control over the alumina content (0-50 mol%) in the final product. Annealed alumina-doped particles showed more pronounced shape persistence after annealing at 1000 ∘ C than undoped particles. Quantitative phase analyses revealed an increased stabilization of the tetragonal/cubic zirconia phase and a reduced grain growth with increasing alumina content. Elemental mapping indicated pronounced alumina segregation near the grain boundaries during annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Thomas Dahl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Döring
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42 (M), 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Janssen
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15 (K), 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42 (M), 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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9
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Finsel M, Hemme M, Döring S, Rüter JSV, Dahl GT, Krekeler T, Kornowski A, Ritter M, Weller H, Vossmeyer T. Synthesis and thermal stability of ZrO 2@SiO 2 core-shell submicron particles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26902-26914. [PMID: 35528597 PMCID: PMC9070609 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ZrO2@SiO2 core–shell submicron particles are promising candidates for the development of advanced optical materials. Here, submicron zirconia particles were synthesized using a modified sol–gel method and pre-calcined at 400 °C. Silica shells were grown on these particles (average size: ∼270 nm) with well-defined thicknesses (26 to 61 nm) using a seeded-growth Stöber approach. To study the thermal stability of bare ZrO2 cores and ZrO2@SiO2 core–shell particles they were calcined at 450 to 1200 °C. After heat treatments, the particles were characterized by SEM, TEM, STEM, cross-sectional EDX mapping, and XRD. The non-encapsulated, bare ZrO2 particles predominantly transitioned to the tetragonal phase after pre-calcination at 400 °C. Increasing the temperature to 600 °C transformed them to monoclinic. Finally, grain coarsening destroyed the spheroidal particle shape after heating to 800 °C. In striking contrast, SiO2-encapsulation significantly inhibited grain growth and the t → m transition progressed considerably only after heating to 1000 °C, whereupon the particle shape, with a smooth silica shell, remained stable. Particle disintegration was observed after heating to 1200 °C. Thus, ZrO2@SiO2 core–shell particles are suited for high-temperature applications up to ∼1000 °C. Different mechanisms are considered to explain the markedly enhanced stability of ZrO2@SiO2 core–shell particles. Silica encapsulation dramatically enhances the thermal stability of zirconia submicron particles by grain growth inhibition and tetragonal phase stabilization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Finsel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Maria Hemme
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Döring
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jil S V Rüter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Gregor T Dahl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology Eißendorfer Straße 42 D-21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Andreas Kornowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology Eißendorfer Straße 42 D-21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
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10
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Domènech B, Kampferbeck M, Larsson E, Krekeler T, Bor B, Giuntini D, Blankenburg M, Ritter M, Müller M, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Schneider GA. Hierarchical supercrystalline nanocomposites through the self-assembly of organically-modified ceramic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3435. [PMID: 30837545 PMCID: PMC6401156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials often display outstanding combinations of mechanical properties thanks to their hierarchical structuring, which occurs through a dynamically and biologically controlled growth and self-assembly of their main constituents, typically mineral and protein. However, it is still challenging to obtain this ordered multiscale structural organization in synthetic 3D-nanocomposite materials. Herein, we report a new bottom-up approach for the synthesis of macroscale hierarchical nanocomposite materials in a single step. By controlling the content of organic phase during the self-assembly of monodisperse organically-modified nanoparticles (iron oxide with oleyl phosphate), either purely supercrystalline or hierarchically structured supercrystalline nanocomposite materials are obtained. Beyond a critical concentration of organic phase, a hierarchical material is consistently formed. In such a hierarchical material, individual organically-modified ceramic nanoparticles (Level 0) self-assemble into supercrystals in face-centered cubic superlattices (Level 1), which in turn form granules of up to hundreds of micrometers (Level 2). These micrometric granules are the constituents of the final mm-sized material. This approach demonstrates that the local concentration of organic phase and nano-building blocks during self-assembly controls the final material's microstructure, and thus enables the fine-tuning of inorganic-organic nanocomposites' mechanical behavior, paving the way towards the design of novel high-performance structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Domènech
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Larsson
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Büsra Bor
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diletta Giuntini
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Blankenburg
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Furlan KP, Larsson E, Diaz A, Holler M, Krekeler T, Ritter M, Petrov AY, Eich M, Blick R, Schneider GA, Greving I, Zierold R, Janßen R. Dataset of ptychographic X-ray computed tomography of inverse opal photonic crystals produced by atomic layer deposition. Data Brief 2018; 21:1924-1936. [PMID: 30519618 PMCID: PMC6260412 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article describes the detailed parameters for synthesizing mullite inverse opal photonic crystals via Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), as well as the detailed image analysis routine used to interpret the data obtained by the measurement of such photonic crystals, before and after the heat treatment, via Ptychographic X-ray Computed Tomography (PXCT). The data presented in this article are related to the research article by Furlan and co-authors entitled “Photonic materials for high-temperature applications: Synthesis and characterization by X-ray ptychographic tomography” (Furlan et al., 2018). The data include detailed information about the ALD super-cycle process to generate the ternary oxides inside a photonic crystal template, the raw data from supporting characterization techniques, as well as the full dataset obtained from PXCT. All the data herein described is publicly available in a Mendeley Data archive “Dataset of synthesis and characterization by PXCT of ALD-based mullite inverse opal photonic crystals” located at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/zn49dsk7x6/1 for any academic, educational, or research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaline P Furlan
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Larsson
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Holler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Yu Petrov
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.,ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskii Avenue, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manfred Eich
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blick
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke Greving
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Robert Zierold
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Janßen
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Cheng C, Lührs L, Krekeler T, Ritter M, Weissmüller J. Semiordered Hierarchical Metallic Network for Fast and Large Charge-Induced Strain. Nano Lett 2017; 17:4774-4780. [PMID: 28737931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous metallic actuators for artificial muscle applications are distinguished by combining the low operating voltage, which is otherwise reserved for polymer-based actuators with interesting values of strain amplitude, strength, and stiffness that are comparable of those of piezoceramics. We report a nanoporous metal actuator with enhanced strain amplitude and accelerated switching. Our 3D macroscopic metallic muscle has semiordered and hierarchical nanoporous structure, in which μm-sized tubes align perpendicular with the sample surface, while nm-sized ligaments consist of the tube walls. This nanoarchitecture combines channels for fast ion transportation with large surface area for charge storage and strain generation. The result is a record reversible strain amplitude of 1.59% with a strain rate of 8.83 × 10-6 s-1 in the field of metallic based actuators. A passive hydroxide layer is self-grown on the metal surface, which not only contributes a supercapacitive layer, but also stabilizes the nanoporous structure against coarsening, which guarantees sustainable actuation beyond ten-thousand cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jörg Weissmüller
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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13
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Georgopanos P, Schneider GA, Dreyer A, Handge UA, Filiz V, Feld A, Yilmaz ED, Krekeler T, Ritter M, Weller H, Abetz V. Exceptionally strong, stiff and hard hybrid material based on an elastomer and isotropically shaped ceramic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7314. [PMID: 28779139 PMCID: PMC5544721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work the fabrication of hard, stiff and strong nanocomposites based on polybutadiene and iron oxide nanoparticles is presented. The nanocomposites are fabricated via a general concept for mechanically superior nanocomposites not based on the brick and mortar structure, thus on globular nanoparticles with nanosized organic shells. For the fabrication of the composites oleic acid functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles are decorated via ligand exchange with an α,ω-polybutadiene dicarboxylic acid. The functionalized particles were processed at 145 °C. Since polybutadiene contains double bonds the nanocomposites obtained a crosslinked structure which was enhanced by the presence of oxygen or sulfur. It was found that the crosslinking and filler percolation yields high elastic moduli of approximately 12–20 GPa and hardness of 15–18 GPa, although the polymer volume fraction is up to 40%. We attribute our results to a catalytically enhanced crosslinking reaction of the polymer chains induced by oxygen or sulfur and to the microstructure of the nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopios Georgopanos
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Axel Dreyer
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Handge
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Volkan Filiz
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Artur Feld
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ezgi D Yilmaz
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorferstraße 42, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorferstraße 42, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Dyachenko PN, Molesky S, Petrov AY, Störmer M, Krekeler T, Lang S, Ritter M, Jacob Z, Eich M. Controlling thermal emission with refractory epsilon-near-zero metamaterials via topological transitions. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11809. [PMID: 27263653 PMCID: PMC4897762 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of thermal radiation at high temperatures is vital for waste heat recovery and for high-efficiency thermophotovoltaic (TPV) conversion. Previously, structural resonances utilizing gratings, thin film resonances, metasurfaces and photonic crystals were used to spectrally control thermal emission, often requiring lithographic structuring of the surface and causing significant angle dependence. In contrast, here, we demonstrate a refractory W-HfO2 metamaterial, which controls thermal emission through an engineered dielectric response function. The epsilon-near-zero frequency of a metamaterial and the connected optical topological transition (OTT) are adjusted to selectively enhance and suppress the thermal emission in the near-infrared spectrum, crucial for improved TPV efficiency. The near-omnidirectional and spectrally selective emitter is obtained as the emission changes due to material properties and not due to resonances or interference effects, marking a paradigm shift in thermal engineering approaches. We experimentally demonstrate the OTT in a thermally stable metamaterial at high temperatures of 1,000 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Dyachenko
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 38, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - S Molesky
- University of Alberta, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9107-116 Street, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2V4
| | - A Yu Petrov
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 38, Hamburg 21073, Germany.,ITMO University, 49 Kronverskii Avenue, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - M Störmer
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - T Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 42, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - S Lang
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 38, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - M Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 42, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - Z Jacob
- University of Alberta, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9107-116 Street, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2V4.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
| | - M Eich
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 38, Hamburg 21073, Germany
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15
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Dreyer A, Feld A, Kornowski A, Yilmaz ED, Noei H, Meyer A, Krekeler T, Jiao C, Stierle A, Abetz V, Weller H, Schneider GA. Organically linked iron oxide nanoparticle supercrystals with exceptional isotropic mechanical properties. Nat Mater 2016; 15:522-8. [PMID: 26828316 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that the combination of the anisotropic shape and nanoscale dimensions of the mineral constituents of natural biological composites underlies their superior mechanical properties when compared to those of their rather weak mineral and organic constituents. Here, we show that the self-assembly of nearly spherical iron oxide nanoparticles in supercrystals linked together by a thermally induced crosslinking reaction of oleic acid molecules leads to a nanocomposite with exceptional bending modulus of 114 GPa, hardness of up to 4 GPa and strength of up to 630 MPa. By using a nanomechanical model, we determined that these exceptional mechanical properties are dominated by the covalent backbone of the linked organic molecules. Because oleic acid has been broadly used as nanoparticle ligand, our crosslinking approach should be applicable to a large variety of nanoparticle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dreyer
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artur Feld
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kornowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ezgi D Yilmaz
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Strasse 42, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chengge Jiao
- FEI Company, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Stierle
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Hamburg University, Jungiusstrasse 11, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Applied Nanotechnology, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Krekeler T, Mader W. Abscheidung von nanostrukturiertem SnO2 über LPCVD. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201204044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Krekeler T, Mader W. Synthese von SnO2 Nanodrähten über MOCVD. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201009105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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