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Braz MG, Figueiredo DBS, Golim MA, Grassi TF, da Costa BRB, De Martinis BS, Braz LG. Veterinarians exposed to inhaled anesthetic present chromosome damage, apoptosis and cell cycle changes. Environ Mol Mutagen 2024; 65:96-102. [PMID: 38333941 DOI: 10.1002/em.22586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study evaluated, for the first time, DNA damage, viability, and cell death of lymphocytes and cell cycle phases of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in veterinarians exposed to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane. Veterinarians who were occupationally exposed to isoflurane (exposed group; n = 20) and matched-unexposed individuals (volunteers without occupational exposure; n = 20) were enrolled in the study. DNA damage was assessed in lymphocytes by micronucleus (MN) and phosphorylated histone gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX). Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and the cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. Isoflurane was detected in urine samples by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared with unexposed subjects, veterinarians occupationally exposed to isoflurane (25.7 ± 23.7 μg/L urine) presented statistically higher MN frequencies, lymphocytic apoptosis rates, and numbers of polymorphonuclear cells in the G0/G1 stage. Additionally, the exposed group presented statistically lower proportions of viable lymphocytes and G2/M polymorphonuclear cells. Our findings indicate that veterinarians who are frequently exposed to inhaled anesthetic exhibit chromosomal and cell damage in addition to changes in peripheral blood cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Braz
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Marjorie A Golim
- Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Tony F Grassi
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruno R B da Costa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno S De Martinis
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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da Silva FRM, Zapaterini JR, Grassi TF, Bidinotto LT, Fernandes AAH, Barbisan LF. Maternal dietary zinc status alters offspring female mammary gland development and response to acute 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene insult. Biotech Histochem 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37022146 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2196092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of prenatal and postnatal dietary zinc (Zn) deficiency or supplementation on mammary gland morphology and on acute response to 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in pubertal female rats. On gestational day 10 (GD 10), rat dams were allocated randomly into three experimental groups of 10: a Zn-adequate diet group (ZnA) fed 35 mg Zn/kg chow, a Zn-deficient diet group (ZnD) fed 3 mg ZN/kg chow and a Zn-supplemented diet group (ZnS) fed 180 mg Zn/kg chow. After weaning, female offspring were fed the same diet as their dams until postnatal day 53 (PND 53). All animals received a single 50 mg/kg dose of DMBA on PND 51 and were euthanized on PND 53. Female ZnD offspring exhibited significantly less weight gain compared to the ZnA group and reduced mammary gland development compared to the ZnD and ZnA groups. By PND 53, the Ki-67 labeling index in mammary gland epithelial cells was significantly greater for the ZnS group than for the ZnA and ZnD groups. Apoptosis and ER-α indices did not differ among groups. The ZnD group exhibited significantly increased lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels and decreased catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity compared to the ZnA and ZnS groups. The ZnS group exhibited significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to the ZnA and ZnS groups. We observed atypical ductal hyperplasia in the mammary gland of female ZnS group offspring compared to the ZnA and ZnD groups and decreased expression of the Api5 and Ercc1 genes related to apoptosis inhibition and DNA damage repair, respectively. Both the Zn-deficient and Zn-supplemented diet exerted adverse effects on offspring mammary gland morphology and acute response to DMBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia R M da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campinas University, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce R Zapaterini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
| | - Tony F Grassi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas T Bidinotto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos-SP, Brazil
- Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos School of Health Sciences, Barretos-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Angélica H Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
| | - Luis F Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
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Grassi TF, Bidinotto LT, Lopes GAD, Zapaterini JR, Rodrigues MAM, Barbisan LF. Maternal western-style diet enhances the effects of chemically-induced mammary tumors in female rat offspring through transcriptome changes. Nutr Res 2018; 61:41-52. [PMID: 30683438 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that early life intake of high-fat diet or western-style diet (WD) enhances the development of mammary tumors in adult female rats. Thus, we hypothesized that maternal WD throughout pregnancy and the lactation period could speed up the development of MNU-induced mammary tumors and alter their gene expression. For this, the present study investigated the gene expression profile of chemically-induced mammary tumors in female rat offspring from dams fed a WD or a control diet. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats received a WD (high-fat, low-fiber and oligoelements) or a control diet from gestational day 12 until post-natal day (PND) 21. At PND 21, female offspring received a single dose of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU, 50 mg/kg body weight) and were fed a control diet for 13 weeks. Tumor incidence, multiplicity, and latency were recorded and mammary gland samples were collected for histopathology and gene expression analysis. Tumor multiplicity and histological grade were significantly higher and tumor latency was lower in WD offspring compared to control offspring. Transcriptome profiling identified 57 differentially expressed genes in tumors from WD offspring as compared to control offspring. There was also an increase in mRNA expression of genes such as Emp3, Ccl7, Ets1, Abcc5, and Cyr61, indicative of more aggressive disease detected in tumors from WD offspring. Thus, maternal WD diet increased MNU-induced mammary carcinogenesis in adult female offspring through transcriptome changes that resulted in a more aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony F Grassi
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, 18610-307, SP, Brazil; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Department of Morphology, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas T Bidinotto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil; Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata -FACISB, Barretos 14785-002, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele A D Lopes
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, 18610-307, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce R Zapaterini
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, 18610-307, SP, Brazil; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Department of Morphology, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria A M Rodrigues
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, 18610-307, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís F Barbisan
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Department of Morphology, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil.
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Grassi TF, da Silva GN, Bidinotto LT, Rossi BF, Quinalha MM, Kass L, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Barbisan LF. Global gene expression and morphological alterations in the mammary gland after gestational exposure to bisphenol A, genistein and indole-3-carbinol in female Sprague-Dawley offspring. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 303:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fernandes GSA, Favareto APA, Fernandez CDB, Bellentani FF, Arena AC, Grassi TF, Kempinas WG, Barbisan LF. Effects of diuron on male rat reproductive organs: a developmental and postnatal study. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2012; 75:1059-1069. [PMID: 22852855 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.697834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine whether developmental exposure (perinatal and juvenile) to the herbicide diuron exerted adverse effects on adult rat male reproductive system. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received basal diet or diet containing diuron at 500 or 750 ppm from gestational day 12 (GD 12) until the end of lactation period (postnatal day 21, PND 21). After weaning male offspring received basal diet or diet containing diuron until PND 42 (peripubertal age). At PND 90, adult male rats from each experimental group were anesthetized and euthanized for evaluation of body and reproductive organ weights, sperm parameters, plasma testosterone levels, and testicular and epididymal histopathology. Male offspring exposed to diuron at 750 ppm displayed reduced body weight at PND 10, 21, 42, and 90 compared to controls. At PND 90, diuron treatment did not induce significant change in daily sperm production, sperm morphology and motility, and testosterone levels compared to controls. In conclusion, diuron at 750 ppm induced male offspring toxicity but these alterations were not permanent, as evidenced by absence of reproductive-system alterations in adult Sprague Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaura S A Fernandes
- Biological Sciences Center, UEL-State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Domingues A, Grassi TF, Spinardi-Barbisan ALT, Barbisan LF. Developmental exposure to diuron causes splenotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rat pups. J Environ Sci Health B 2012; 47:420-426. [PMID: 22424067 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.657054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether perinatal exposure to diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-1-dimethylurea] might exert adverse effects on rat lymphoid organs. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to diuron at 500, 750 or 1250 ppm in the diet from gestational days (GD) 12-21 and during lactation. At postnatal day (PND) 42, male pups were euthanized and thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph node and femur were collected for histopathological analysis. Food consumption and body weight gain were significantly reduced in dams exposed to 1250 ppm during gestation period. Also, Diuron at 750 and 1250 ppm produced: (1) increased relative spleen weight associated histologically with severe congestion in red pulp, (2) enhanced extramedullary hematopoiesis and hemosiderosis as well as (3) depletion of lymphoid follicles in white pulp. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a significant reduction in B lymphocytes (CD45RA+) in male pups but T lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+) were not markedly affected. Thus, data suggest that Diuron-induced maternal toxicity in dams exposed to high dose and perinatal exposure to this herbicide produced spleen toxicity as evidenced by a reduction in B lymphocyte number in male SD pups.
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Grassi TF, Camargo EA, Salvadori DMF, Marques MEA, Ribeiro DA. DNA damage in multiple organs after exposure to chlorhexidine in Wistar rats. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2007; 210:163-7. [PMID: 17084670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since chlorhexidine is effective against microorganisms, it is widely recommended in dentistry. However, studies have provided evidence that chlorhexidine is toxic for a variety of cell types. In order to identify potential genotoxins in different cell types, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether chlorhexidine digluconate is able to cause, in terms of DNA damage, alterations in leukocytes, liver, kidney and urinary bladder by the single cell gel (comet) assay. Ten male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a negative control and the experimental group treated with 3ml of 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate by gavage once a day for 8 days. Statistically significant increases of DNA damage was observed in leukocytes and kidney cells of the chlorhexidine digluconate treated group as depicted by the mean tail moment. Taken together, the data indicate that leukocytes and kidney cells are potential targets for primary DNA damage following oral exposure to chlorhexidine digluconate as detected by single cell gel (comet) assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony F Grassi
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu-SP, Brazil
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