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Hiraga T. Immunotherapy targeting PD‑1/PD‑L1: A potential approach for the treatment of cancer bone metastases (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:35. [PMID: 38362963 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD‑1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‑L1), have a critical role in regulating immune responses, including in tumor tissues. Monoclonal antibodies against these molecules, known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have been shown to be effective against a variety of cancers; however, significant patient populations are resistant to such treatment. Clinical studies to date have shown that ICIs are less effective in cancer patients with bone metastases. The effect of anti‑PD‑1/PD‑L1 antibodies on bone metastases, as assessed by the bone metastasis‑specific response classification criteria, was relatively low. In addition, the presence of bone metastases showed a trend toward worse progression‑free survival and overall survival in cancer patients treated with ICIs. To improve the efficacy of ICIs in bone metastases, several combination therapies are under investigation and certain studies have reported better responses. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of anti‑PD‑1/PD‑L1 antibodies on bone metastases based on the reported clinical and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399‑0781, Japan
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2
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Sandor LF, Huh JB, Benko P, Hiraga T, Poliska S, Dobo-Nagy C, Simpson JP, Homer NZM, Mahata B, Gyori DS. De novo steroidogenesis in tumor cells drives bone metastasis and osteoclastogenesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113936. [PMID: 38489269 PMCID: PMC10995766 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts play a central role in cancer-cell-induced osteolysis, but the molecular mechanisms of osteoclast activation during bone metastasis formation are incompletely understood. By performing RNA sequencing on a mouse breast carcinoma cell line with higher bone-metastatic potential, here we identify the enzyme CYP11A1 strongly upregulated in osteotropic tumor cells. Genetic deletion of Cyp11a1 in tumor cells leads to a decreased number of bone metastases but does not alter primary tumor growth and lung metastasis formation in mice. The product of CYP11A1 activity, pregnenolone, increases the number and function of mouse and human osteoclasts in vitro but does not alter osteoclast-specific gene expression. Instead, tumor-derived pregnenolone strongly enhances the fusion of pre-osteoclasts via prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta (P4HB), identified as a potential interaction partner of pregnenolone. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Cyp11a1-expressing tumor cells produce pregnenolone, which is capable of promoting bone metastasis formation and osteoclast development via P4HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca F Sandor
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joon B Huh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Benko
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | - Szilard Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Dobo-Nagy
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Semmelweis University School of Dentistry, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joanna P Simpson
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK; University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bidesh Mahata
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21QP Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - David S Gyori
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Hiraga T, Nishida D, Horibe K. Primary tumor-induced immunity suppresses bone metastases of breast cancer in syngeneic immunocompetent mouse models. Bone 2024; 178:116944. [PMID: 37863157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression. More than a century ago, mouse models showed that primary tumors suppressed the growth of newly implanted secondary tumors. This phenomenon, in which tumor-primed T cells mediate the rejection of tumor growth at a distant site, is known as concomitant tumor immunity. Here, we investigated the role of concomitant immunity in the development of breast cancer bone metastases using newly developed syngeneic immunocompetent mouse models. The presence of primary breast tumors developed by tumor cell injection into the mammary fat pads (MFPs) significantly reduced bone metastases of mouse breast cancer 4T1 and EMT6 cells induced by cell injection through the caudal artery (CA). Similar results were obtained when primary tumors were surgically resected prior to CA injection of tumor cells. In contrast, no inhibition was found when MFP and CA injections were performed using different cell combinations. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the number of CD8+ T cells in bone metastases of 4T1 and EMT6 cells was significantly increased in the presence of primary tumors. The primary tumor-induced inhibition of bone metastases was not reproduced in T cell-deficient athymic nude mice. Furthermore, depletion of CD8+ T cells using an anti-CD8α antibody also abolished the primary tumor-induced inhibition of bone metastases. Taken together, these results suggest that immune cell priming by orthotopic breast tumors inhibits the development of breast cancer bone metastases, which is predominantly mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nishida
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kanji Horibe
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
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4
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Hiraga T, Horibe K, Koide M, Yamashita T, Kobayashi Y. Sclerostin blockade promotes bone metastases of Wnt-responsive breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2023. [PMID: 36840409 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein sclerostin is primarily produced by osteocytes and suppresses osteoblast differentiation and function by inhibiting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin has been shown to increase bone formation and an anti-sclerostin antibody has been clinically approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. Canonical Wnt signaling is also involved in the progression of several types of cancers including breast cancer. Here, we studied the effects of sclerostin inhibition on the development of bone metastases of breast cancer using mouse models. TOPFLASH assay and real-time PCR analysis of AXIN2, a target of canonical Wnt signaling, revealed that, among four cell lines tested, MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells responded highly to the canonical Wnt ligand Wnt3a, whereas other cell lines exhibited marginal responses. Consistent with these results, treatment with an anti-sclerostin antibody significantly increased the bone metastases of MDA-MB-231 but not those of other breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that an anti-sclerostin antibody induced intracellular accumulation of β-catenin in bone-colonized MDA-MB-231 cells. Suspension culture assays showed that Wnt3a accelerated the tumorsphere formation of MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas monolayer cell proliferation and migration were not affected. Furthermore, the numbers of osteoclasts and their precursor cells in bone metastases of MDA-MB-231 were significantly increased in mice treated with an anti-sclerostin antibody. These results collectively suggest that sclerostin blockade activates canonical Wnt signaling in ligand-responsive breast cancer cells metastasized to bone, thereby increasing bone metastases, likely to have been mediated at least in part by enhancing stem cell-like properties of cancer cells and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kanji Horibe
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masanori Koide
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
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Yokoyama A, Hasegawa T, Hiraga T, Yamada T, Hongo H, Yamamoto T, Abe M, Yoshida T, Imanishi Y, Kuroshima S, Sasaki M, de Fraitas PHL, Li M, Amizuka N, Yamazaki Y. Altered immunolocalization of FGF23 in murine femora metastasized with human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:810-823. [PMID: 33834310 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After the onset of bone metastasis, tumor cells appear to modify surrounding microenvironments for their benefit, and particularly, the levels of circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 in patients with tumors have been highlighted. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have attempted to verify if human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells metastasized in the long bone of nu/nu mice would synthesize FGF23. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate (Pi) and FGF23 were measured in control nu/nu mice, bone-metastasized mice, and mice with mammary gland injected with MDA-MB-231 cells mimicking primary mammary tumors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS MDA-MB-231 cells revealed intense FGF23 reactivity in metastasized lesions, whereas MDA-MB-231 cells cultured in vitro or when injected into the mammary glands (without bone metastasis) showed weak FGF23 immunoreactivity. Although the bone-metastasized MDA-MB-231 cells abundantly synthesized FGF23, osteocytes adjacent to the FGF23-immunopositive tumors, unlike intact osteocytes, showed no FGF23. Despite significantly elevated serum FGF23 levels in bone-metastasized mice, there was no significant decrease in the serum Pi concentration when compared with the intact mice and mice with a mass of MDA-MB-231 cells in mammary glands. The metastasized femora showed increased expression and FGFR1 immunoreactivity in fibroblastic stromal cells, whereas femora of control mice showed no obvious FGFR1 immunoreactivity. Taken together, it seems likely that MDA-MB-231 cells synthesize FGF23 when metastasized to a bone, and thus affect FGFR1-positive stromal cells in the metastasized tumor nest in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yokoyama
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
- Gerodontology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Tamaki Yamada
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
- Northern Army Medical Unit, Camp Makomanai, Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces,, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taiji Yoshida
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Imanishi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Muneteru Sasaki
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Minqi Li
- Division of Basic Science of Stomatology, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamazaki
- Gerodontology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Hiraga T, Ito S, Mizoguchi T. Opposing Effects of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on the Initiation and Progression of Breast Cancer Bone Metastases. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:2110-2119. [PMID: 34465584 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), an essential cytokine regulating granulopoiesis, is expressed in a substantial proportion of breast cancers, and it has been implicated in cancer progression. Here, we examined effects of G-CSF on the development of bone metastases of breast cancer using immunocompetent mouse models. The expression of CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in bone marrow stromal cells, which plays a critical role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and also in cancer cell homing to bone, was markedly decreased in mice treated with G-CSF. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that pretreatment of mice with G-CSF reduced the number of bone-homing cancer cells. G-CSF also increased the population of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in bone marrow. Depletion of MDSCs using anti-Gr-1 antibody treatment significantly decreased the metastatic tumor burden in bone. The overall effects of G-CSF on bone metastases were finally examined using two different treatment protocols. When mice were treated with G-CSF prior to the tumor cell inoculation, G-CSF did not change bone metastatic-tumor burden. In contrast, when G-CSF treatment was started after the tumor cells had homed to bone, G-CSF significantly accelerated bone metastases formation. These results suggest that G-CSF suppressed cancer cell homing to bone by downregulating CXCL12 expression in bone marrow stromal cells, whereas G-CSF stimulated the progression of bone metastases at least in part by MDSC-mediated mechanisms. IMPLICATIONS: G-CSF had opposing effects on the initiation and progression of bone metastases of breast cancer and the balance may regulate the metastatic tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri-shi, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Susumu Ito
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri-shi, Nagano, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Otaka A, Yamaguchi T, Saisho R, Hiraga T, Iwasaki Y. Bone-targeting phospholipid polymers to solubilize the lipophilic anticancer drug. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2090-2099. [PMID: 32323471 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current chemotherapy methods have limited effectiveness in eliminating bone metastasis, which leads to a poor prognosis associated with severe bone disorders. To provide regional chemotherapy for this metastatic tumor, a bone-targeting drug carrier was produced by introducing the osteotropic bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN) units into an amphiphilic phospholipid polymer, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate). The polymer can form nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 30 nm; ALN units were exposed to the outer layer of the particle. A simple mixing procedure was used to encapsulate a hydrophobic anticancer drug, known as docetaxel (DTX), in the polymer nanoparticle, providing a uniform solution of a polymer-DTX complex in the aqueous phase. The complex showed anticancer activities against several breast cancer cell lines, and the complex formation did not hamper the pharmacological effect of DTX. The fluorescence observations evaluated by an in vivo imaging system and fluorescence microscopy showed that the addition of ALN to the polymer-DTX complex enhanced bone accumulation. Bone-targeting phospholipid polymers are potential solubilizing excipients used to formulate DTX and deliver the hydrophobic drug to bone tissues by blood administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoki Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoya Saisho
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- ORDIST, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Yang M, Arai A, Udagawa N, Zhao L, Nishida D, Murakami K, Hiraga T, Takao-Kawabata R, Matsuo K, Komori T, Kobayashi Y, Takahashi N, Isogai Y, Ishizuya T, Yamaguchi A, Mizoguchi T. Parathyroid Hormone Shifts Cell Fate of a Leptin Receptor-Marked Stromal Population from Adipogenic to Osteoblastic Lineage. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1952-1963. [PMID: 31173642 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment induces bone anabolic effects that result in the recovery of osteoporotic bone loss. Human PTH is usually given to osteoporotic patients because it induces osteoblastogenesis. However, the mechanism by which PTH stimulates the expansion of stromal cell populations and their maturation toward the osteoblastic cell lineage has not be elucidated. Mouse genetic lineage tracing revealed that iPTH treatment induced osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs), which carried the leptin receptor (LepR)-Cre. Although these findings suggested that part of the PTH-induced bone anabolic action is exerted because of osteoblastic commitment of MSPCs, little is known about the in vivo mechanistic details of these processes. Here, we showed that LepR+ MSPCs differentiated into type I collagen (Col1)+ mature osteoblasts in response to iPTH treatment. Along with osteoblastogenesis, the number of Col1+ mature osteoblasts increased around the bone surface, although most of them were characterized as quiescent cells. However, the number of LepR-Cre-marked lineage cells in a proliferative state also increased in the vicinity of bone tissue after iPTH treatment. The expression levels of SP7/osterix (Osx) and Col1, which are markers for osteoblasts, were also increased in the LepR+ MSPCs population in response to iPTH treatment. In contrast, the expression levels of Cebpb, Pparg, and Zfp467, which are adipocyte markers, decreased in this population. Consistent with these results, iPTH treatment inhibited 5-fluorouracil- or ovariectomy (OVX)-induced LepR+ MSPC-derived adipogenesis in BM and increased LepR+ MSPC-derived osteoblasts, even under the adipocyte-induced conditions. Treatment of OVX rats with iPTH significantly affected the osteoporotic bone tissue and expansion of the BM adipose tissue. These results indicated that iPTH treatment induced transient proliferation of the LepR+ MSPCs and skewed their lineage differentiation from adipocytes toward osteoblasts, resulting in an expanded, quiescent, and mature osteoblast population. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yang
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Atsushi Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishida
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kohei Murakami
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takao-Kawabata
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Naoyuki Takahashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Isogai
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ishizuya
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Matsumura Y, Ito Y, Mezawa Y, Sulidan K, Daigo Y, Hiraga T, Mogushi K, Wali N, Suzuki H, Itoh T, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Shimizu S, Takano A, Terao Y, Saeki H, Ozawa M, Abe M, Takeda S, Okumura K, Habu S, Hino O, Takeda K, Hamada M, Orimo A. Stromal fibroblasts induce metastatic tumor cell clusters via epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/4/e201900425. [PMID: 31331982 PMCID: PMC6653778 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which stromal fibroblasts enable human breast cancer cells to form tumor cell clusters and acquire highly invasive and metastatic traits. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that multicellular tumor clusters invade and seed metastasis. However, whether tumor-associated stroma induces epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity in tumor cell clusters, to promote invasion and metastasis, remains unknown. We demonstrate herein that carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) frequently present in tumor stroma drive the formation of tumor cell clusters composed of two distinct cancer cell populations, one in a highly epithelial (E-cadherinhiZEB1lo/neg: Ehi) state and another in a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E-cadherinloZEB1hi: E/M) state. The Ehi cells highly express oncogenic cell–cell adhesion molecules, such as carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) and CEACAM6 that associate with E-cadherin, resulting in increased tumor cell cluster formation and metastatic seeding. The E/M cells also retain associations with Ehi cells, which follow the E/M cells leading to collective invasion. CAF-produced stromal cell-derived factor 1 and transforming growth factor-β confer the Ehi and E/M states as well as invasive and metastatic traits via Src activation in apposed human breast tumor cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that invasive and metastatic tumor cell clusters are induced by CAFs via epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaidiliayi Sulidan
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nadila Wali
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takumi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Shimizu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Terao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ozawa
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Abe
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Habu
- Atopy Research Center, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Hamada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan .,Cancer Research (CR)-UK Stromal-Tumor Interaction Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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10
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Hiraga T, Ninomiya T. Establishment and characterization of a C57BL/6 mouse model of bone metastasis of breast cancer. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:235-242. [PMID: 29667006 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites of metastasis in patients with advanced breast cancer; however, the mechanisms of bone metastasis remain to be fully elucidated. Animal models are essential research tools for investigating the mechanisms of diseases and drug actions. To date, there have only been a few reports in which C57BL/6 mice were used for the study of bone metastases of breast cancer. In the current study, we found that intracardiac inoculation of C57BL/6 mouse-derived parental E0771 breast cancer cells (E0771/Pa) frequently lead to bone metastases in C57BL/6 mice within 2 weeks. The bone-metastatic clone of E0771 (E0771/Bone) established by sequential in vivo selection demonstrated a higher bone-metastatic potential. Although there were no apparent differences in cell morphology or proliferation in monolayer cultures, E0771/Bone showed increased tumorsphere formation in suspension cultures and tumor formation in the orthotopic mammary fat pad in C57BL/6 mice compared with E0771/Pa. Furthermore, E0771/Bone expressed breast cancer stem-like cell surface markers CD24-/CD44+. These findings suggest that E0771/Bone possesses cancer stem-like properties. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), the most common mediator of osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer, was significantly upregulated in E0771/Bone. Thus, cancer stem-like properties and elevated PTHrP expression likely contribute to the enhanced metastatic potential of E0771/Bone. We believe that this new mouse model is a useful tool for in vivo studies of bone metastases of breast cancer, especially for those using genetically engineered mice with a C57BL/6 background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara-Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Ninomiya
- Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with an increased risk of metastasis and a poor prognosis. Recent imaging techniques revealed that bone marrow contains a quite hypoxic microenvironment. Low oxygen levels activate hypoxia signaling pathways such as hypoxia-inducible factors, which play critical roles in the key stages of metastatic dissemination including angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, maintenance of cancer stem cells, tumor cell dormancy, release of extracellular vesicles, and generation of pre-metastatic niches. Hypoxia also affects bone cells, such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and immune cells, which also act to support the development and progression of bone metastases. Paradoxically, hypoxia and related signaling molecules are recognized as high-priority therapeutic targets and many candidate drugs are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation. The present review focuses on our current knowledge of the potential roles of hypoxia in cancer metastasis to bone by considering the interaction between metastatic cancer cells and the bone microenvironment. Current therapeutic approaches targeting hypoxia are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara-Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
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12
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Wakabayashi H, Wakisaka S, Hiraga T, Hata K, Nishimura R, Tominaga M, Yoneda T. Decreased sensory nerve excitation and bone pain associated with mouse Lewis lung cancer in TRPV1-deficient mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2018; 36:274-285. [PMID: 28516219 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone pain is one of the most common and life-limiting complications of cancer metastasis to bone. Although the mechanism of bone pain still remains poorly understood, bone pain is evoked as a consequence of sensitization and excitation of sensory nerves (SNs) innervating bone by noxious stimuli produced in the microenvironment of bone metastases. We showed that bone is innervated by calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP)+ SNs extending from dorsal root ganglia (DRG), the cell body of SNs, in mice. Mice intratibially injected with Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells showed progressive bone pain evaluated by mechanical allodynia and flinching with increased CGRP+ SNs in bone and augmented SN excitation in DRG as indicated by elevated numbers of pERK- and pCREB-immunoreactive neurons. Immunohistochemical examination of LLC-injected bone revealed that the tumor microenvironment is acidic. Bafilomycin A1, a selective inhibitor of H+ secretion from vacuolar proton pump, significantly alleviated bone pain, indicating that the acidic microenvironment contributes to bone pain. We then determined whether the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a major acid-sensing nociceptor predominantly expressed on SNs, plays a role in bone pain by intratibially injecting LLC cells in TRPV1-deficient mice. Bone pain and SN excitation in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn were significantly decreased in TRPV1 -/- mice compared with wild-type mice. Our results suggest that TRPV1 activation on SNs innervating bone by the acidic cancer microenvironment in bone contributes to SN activation and bone pain. Targeting acid-activated TRPV1 is a potential therapeutic approach to cancer-induced bone pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Wakabayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakisaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara‑Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399‑0781, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Okazaki Institute of Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaijicho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yoneda
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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13
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Horibe K, Hosoya A, Hiraga T, Nakamura H. Expression and localization of CRAMP in rat tooth germ and during reparative dentin formation. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2559-2566. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Yang M, Arai A, Udagawa N, Hiraga T, Lijuan Z, Ito S, Komori T, Moriishi T, Matsuo K, Shimoda K, Zahalka AH, Kobayashi Y, Takahashi N, Mizoguchi T. Osteogenic Factor Runx2 Marks a Subset of Leptin Receptor-Positive Cells that Sit Atop the Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Hierarchy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4928. [PMID: 28694469 PMCID: PMC5503992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (BM-MSPCs) maintain homeostasis of bone tissue by providing osteoblasts. Although several markers have been identified for labeling of MSPCs, these labeled cells still contain non-BM-MSPC populations. Studies have suggested that MSPCs are observed as leptin receptor (LepR)-positive cells, whereas osteoblasts can be classified as positive for Runx2, a master regulator for osteoblastogenesis. Here, we demonstrate, using Runx2-GFP reporter mice, that the LepR-labeled population contains Runx2-GFPlow sub-population, which possesses higher fibroblastic colony-forming units (CFUs) and mesensphere capacity, criteria for assessing stem cell activity, than the Runx2-GFP− population. In response to parathyroid hormone (PTH), a bone anabolic hormone, LepR+Runx2-GFPlow cells increase Runx2 expression and form multilayered structures near the bone surface. Subsequently, the multilayered cells express Osterix and Type I collagen α, resulting in generation of mature osteoblasts. Therefore, our results indicate that Runx2 is weakly expressed in the LepR+ population without osteoblastic commitment, and the LepR+Runx2-GFPlow stromal cells sit atop the BM stromal hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yang
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Atsushi Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Zhao Lijuan
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Susumu Ito
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takeshi Moriishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Shimoda
- Laboratory Animal Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ali H Zahalka
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Kobayashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takahashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan.
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15
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Kozlowska AK, Topchyan P, Kaur K, Tseng HC, Teruel A, Hiraga T, Jewett A. Differentiation by NK cells is a prerequisite for effective targeting of cancer stem cells/poorly differentiated tumors by chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic drugs. J Cancer 2017; 8:537-554. [PMID: 28367234 PMCID: PMC5370498 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells target oral, pancreatic, lung, breast, glioblastoma and melanoma stem-like/poorly differentiated tumors. Differentiation of the abovementioned tumors with supernatants from split-anergized NK cells decreases their susceptibility to NK cells, but increases their sensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP)-mediated cell death. Breast and melanoma tumor cells with CD44 knockdown display enhanced susceptibility to NK cell-mediated lysis, potentially due to decreased differentiation. We also demonstrate that sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a chemopreventive agent, not only limits the growth of oral tumor cells, but also aids in cancer cell elimination by NK cells. Treatment of oral tumors with sulindac, but not adriamycin inversely modulates the expression and function of NFκB and JNK, resulting in a significant down-regulation of IL-6, and VEGF secretion by oral tumor cells. In addition, increased secretion of IL-6 and VEGF is blocked by sulindac during interaction of oral tumors with NK cells. Sulindac treatment prevents synergistic induction of VEGF secretion by the tumor cells after their co-culture with untreated NK cells since non-activated NK cells lack the ability to efficiently kill tumor cells. Moreover, sulindac is able to profoundly reduce VEGF secretion by tumor cells cultured with IL-2 activated NK cells, which are able to significantly lyse the tumor cells. Based on the data presented in this study, we propose the following combinatorial approach for the treatment of stem-like/ poorly differentiated tumors in cancer patients with metastatic disease. Stem-like/ poorly differentiated tumor cells may in part undergo lysis or differentiation after NK cell immunotherapy, followed by treatment of differentiated tumors with chemotherapy and chemopreventive agents to eliminate the bulk of the tumor. This dual approach should limit tumor growth and prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karolina Kozlowska
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dental Research Institute, Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine. UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.; Department of Tumor Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paytsar Topchyan
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dental Research Institute, Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine. UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dental Research Institute, Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine. UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Han-Ching Tseng
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dental Research Institute, Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine. UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Antonia Teruel
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dental Research Institute, Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine. UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology Matsumoto Dental University, Gobara-Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Anahid Jewett
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dental Research Institute, Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine. UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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16
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Hiraga T, Nakamura H. Comparable roles of CD44v8-10 and CD44s in the development of bone metastases in a mouse model. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2962-2969. [PMID: 27698884 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD)44 has been implicated in cancer metastasis to bone. Clinical and experimental studies have suggested that the standard isoform of CD44 (CD44s) and the variant isoform of CD44 (CD44v) enhance metastasis. The present study examined the differential roles of CD44s and CD44v, particularly CD44v8-10, in the development of bone metastases. For this purpose, MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and A549 human lung cancer cells were stably transduced with epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1), which regulates the alternative splicing of several genes, including CD44. The introduction of ESRP1 induced a splicing switch from CD44s to CD44v, particularly to CD44v8-10, while the total amount of CD44 was rarely affected. However, ESRP1 did not significantly affect cell proliferation, migration, invasion or tumor sphere formation in vitro. Furthermore, ESRP1 did not cause significant differences in the development of bone metastases in a mouse model. As an alternative approach, cancer cells transduced with the CD44v8-10 gene were also established. The overexpression of CD44v8-10 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, which rarely express any isoform of CD44, promoted cell migration and sphere formation, whereas the overexpression of CD44v8-10 in MDA-MB-231 cells, which endogenously express high levels of CD44s, did not exert these effects. The results of the present study collectively suggest that the ability of CD44v8-10 to promote tumor aggressiveness and bone metastases is similar to that of CD44s. CD44v8-10 and CD44s may represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
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17
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Hiraga T. Targeted Agents in Preclinical and Early Clinical Development for the Treatment of Cancer Bone Metastases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:319-34. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1142972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Oga T, Taniguchi H, Kita H, Tsuboi T, Tomii K, Ando M, Kojima E, Tomioka H, Taguchi Y, Kaji Y, Maekura R, Hiraga T, Sakai N, Kimura T, Mishima M, Chin K. Analysis of the relationship between health status and mortality in hypercapnic patients with noninvasive ventilation. Clin Respir J 2015; 11:772-780. [PMID: 26605994 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Oga
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy; Tosei General Hospital; Aichi Japan
| | - Hideo Kita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital; Osaka Japan
| | - Tomomasa Tsuboi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; National Hospital Organization Minami-Kyoto Hospital; Kyoto Japan
| | - Keisuke Tomii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital; Hyogo Japan
| | - Morihide Ando
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Ogaki Municipal Hospital; Gifu Japan
| | - Eiji Kojima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Komaki City Hospital; Aichi Japan
| | - Hiromi Tomioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital; Hyogo Japan
| | - Yoshio Taguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Tenri Hospital; Nara Japan
| | - Yusuke Kaji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Tenri Hospital; Nara Japan
| | - Ryoji Maekura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital; Osaka Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital; Osaka Japan
| | - Naoki Sakai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Otsu Red Cross Hospital; Shiga Japan
| | - Tomoki Kimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy; Tosei General Hospital; Aichi Japan
| | - Michiaki Mishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuo Chin
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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19
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Hiraga T, Ito S, Nakamura H. EpCAM expression in breast cancer cells is associated with enhanced bone metastasis formation. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1698-708. [PMID: 26576938 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been implicated in multiple cellular functions including cell adhesion. EpCAM has also recently been identified as a marker for cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we examined the roles of EpCAM in the development of bone metastasis of breast cancer by using well-characterized animal models. Morphological and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction data showed that the EpCAM-negative and -positive (EpCAM(neg) and EpCAM(pos) ) cell populations isolated from breast cancer cell lines exhibited mesenchymal and epithelial phenotypes, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that EpCAM(pos) , but not EpCAM(neg) , cells possessed self-renewal and differentiation potentials. Tumorsphere formation in suspension cultures and tumorigenicity in the orthotopic mammary fat pad of mice were significantly greater in EpCAM(pos) cells than in EpCAM(neg) cells. The development of bone metastases induced by an intracardiac injection was markedly increased in mice inoculated with EpCAM(pos) cells. Furthermore, intracardiac inoculations of parental cells demonstrated that the EpCAM(pos) population in cancer cells that colonized in bone was significantly higher than that in parental cells. However, stable transduction of EpCAM into EpCAM(neg) cells failed to reproduce the phenotypes of EpCAM(pos) cells. These results suggest that the expression of EpCAM in breast cancer cells is associated with CSC-like phenotypes, which contribute to the promotion of bone metastases by enhancing tumorigenicity. Our results also support the possibility that the epithelial phenotypes of EpCAM-expressing cells confer advantageous properties for the development of bone metastases, at least after entering the circulation, while EpCAM is likely not solely responsible for the phenotypes of EpCAM(pos) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Susumu Ito
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
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20
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Maekura R, Hiraga T, Miki K, Kitada S, Miki M, Yoshimura K, Yamamoto H, Kawabe T, Mori M. Personalized pulmonary rehabilitation and occupational therapy based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:1787-800. [PMID: 26366071 PMCID: PMC4562755 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s86455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Take-home summary Personalized pulmonary rehabilitation including occupational therapy improves the prognosis of patients with advanced COPD. Purpose We previously reported that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit three exercise-induced life-threatening conditions: hypoxemia, sympathetic overactivity, and respiratory acidosis. We aimed to verify whether mortality in patients with advanced COPD could be reduced by a personalized pulmonary rehabilitation (PPR) program in hospital, which determines individual safe ranges and includes occupational therapy (PPR-OT), to prevent desaturation and sympathetic nerve activation during daily activities. Patients and methods The novel PPR-OT program was evaluated in a retrospective study of patients with COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] Grade D) who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) between April 1990 and December 1999. They received regular treatment without the proposed therapy (control group: n=61; male-to-female ratio [M:F] =57:4; mean age: 68.5±6.7 years) or with the proposed therapy (PPR-OT group: n=46; M:F =44:2; mean age: 68.7±7.1 years). A prospective observational study included patients with COPD receiving home oxygen therapy (HOT) between April 1995 and March 2007 to compare the survival rates of the control group (n=47; M:F ratio =34:13; mean age: 71.3±10.0 years) and the PPR-OT group (n=85; M:F =78:7; mean age: 70.7±6.1 years) who completed the proposed therapy. Survival after CPET or HOT was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses. Results In both studies, the program significantly improved all-cause mortality (retrospective study: risk ratio =0.389 [range: 0.172–0.800]; P=0.0094; log-rank test, P=0.0094; observational study: risk ratio =0.515 [range: 0.296–0.933]; P=0.0291; log-rank test, P=0.0232]. At 5 years and 7 years, all-cause mortality was extremely low in patients in the PPR-OT group receiving HOT (18.8% and 28.2%, respectively), compared to that in the control group (34.0% and 44.7%, respectively). Survival of patients with life-threatening pathophysiological conditions also greatly improved. Conclusion The PPR-OT program improved the survival of patients with advanced COPD probably because it modified life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Maekura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seigo Kitada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Miki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kawabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Mori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Hiraga T. [Molecular mechanisms of bone cancer pain]. Clin Calcium 2014; 24:1185-1191. [PMID: 25065870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone pain is one of the most frequent complications of bone metastasis, leading to a marked reduction in the quality of life of patients. The mechanisms of bone cancer pain are highly complicated ; however, noxious stimuli produced by cancer tissues and cancer-induced nerve injury are considered to be the major causes. Recent studies also suggest the possible involvement of acidic microenvironments created by cancer tissues and osteoclasts in cancer-induced bone pain. Understanding the molecular events may lead to the design of novel mechanism-based approaches for the management of bone pain associated with cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Japan
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22
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Yoshimura K, Maekura R, Hiraga T, Miki K, Kitada S, Miki M, Tateishi Y, Mori M. Identification of three exercise-induced mortality risk factors in patients with COPD. COPD 2014; 11:615-26. [PMID: 24914923 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.898038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The survival rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with severely reduced exercise capacity is extremely low. We recently identified three life-threatening pathophysiological conditions during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET): (1) exercise-induced hypoxemia, (2) sympathetic overactivity, and (3) progressive respiratory acidosis at low-intensity exercise. The present prospective observation study aimed to determine whether these parameters constitute risk factors of mortality in moderate-to-very severe COPD. Ninety-six COPD patients were followed-up, monthly, for >3 years. Subsequently, spirometry and CPET were performed to examine parameters of exercise-induced hypoxemia ([PaO2 slope, mmHg/L · min(-1)] = Decrease in PaO2/ΔV˙ O2 (Difference in ΔV˙ O2 between at rest and at peak exercise)), progression of acidosis ([ΔpH/ΔV˙ O2,/L · min(-1)] = Decrease in pH/ΔV˙ O2), and sympathetic overactivity ([Δnorepinephrine (NE)/ΔV˙ O2, ng/mL/L · min(-1)] = Increase in NE/ΔV˙ O2). Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between the three conditions with increased mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the quartile combining the steepest PaO2 slope (≤-55 mmHg/ΔV˙ O2 [L/min]), steepest decrease in arterial blood pH (≤ -1.72/ΔV˙ O2 [L/min]), and most rapid increase in plasma NE level (≥ 5.2 ng/VO2 [L/min]) during incremental exercise was associated with higher all-cause mortality. These conditions showed cumulative effects on COPD patients' survival. Multivariate analyses revealed that these three life-threatening factors are also independent predictors of mortality based on age, heart rate and PaO2 at rest, body mass index, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Thus, these new exercise-induced mortality risk factors may lead to more efficient pulmonary rehabilitation programs for COPD patients based on patient-specific exercise-induced pathophysiological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yoshimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital , Toyonaka-city, Osaka , Japan
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Ninomiya T, Hiraga T, Hosoya A, Ohnuma K, Ito Y, Takahashi M, Ito S, Asashima M, Nakamura H. Enhanced Bone-Forming Activity of Side Population Cells in the Periodontal Ligament. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:691-701. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x663587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of alveolar bone is critical for the successful treatment of periodontal diseases. The periodontal ligament (PDL) has been widely investigated as a source of cells for the regeneration of periodontal tissues. In the present study where we attempted to develop an effective strategy for alveolar bone regeneration, we examined the osteogenic potential of side population (SP) cells, a stem cell-containing population that has been shown to be highly abundant in several kinds of tissues, in PDL cells. Isolated SP cells from the rat PDL exhibited a superior ability to differentiate into osteoblastic cells compared with non-SP (NSP) and unsorted PDL cells in vitro. The mRNA expressions of osteoblast markers and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 were significantly upregulated in SP cells and were further increased by osteogenic induction. To examine the bone-forming activity of SP cells in vivo, PDL SP cells isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats were transplanted with hydroxyapatite (HA) disks into wild-type animals. SP cells exhibited a high ability to induce the mineralized matrix compared with NSP and unsorted PDL cells. At 12 weeks after the implantation, some of the pores in the HA disks with SP cells were filled with mineralized matrices, which were positive for bone matrix proteins, such as osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. Furthermore, osteoblast- and osteocyte-like cells on and in the bone-like mineralized matrices were GFP positive, suggesting that the matrices were directly formed by the transplanted cells. These results suggest that PDL SP cells possess enhanced osteogenic potential and could be a potential source for cell-based regenerative therapy for alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ninomiya
- Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosoya
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohnuma
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ito
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering (SCRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Bioimaging Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Susumu Ito
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering (SCRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
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Maekura R, Hiraga T, Miki K, Kitada S, Yoshimura K, Miki M, Tateishi Y. Differences in physiological response to exercise in patients with different COPD severity. Respir Care 2013; 59:252-62. [PMID: 23821762 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with COPD have reduced exercise tolerance associated with dyspnea. This exercise intolerance is primarily due to impaired ventilatory mechanics, but it is also associated with a combination of factors, including inefficient gas exchange, lactic acidosis at a low work rate, and exercise-induced hypoxemia. The survival prognosis of COPD patients with severely reduced exercise capacity is extremely poor, but the pathophysiology of these patients during exercise remains to be accurately established. The present study aimed to characterize life-threatening factors such as hypoxemia, acidosis, and sympathetic activation during exercise in these patients. METHODS We monitored changes in life-threatening factors and compared these factors among quartile groups, defined according to their peak oxygen uptake status. Ninety-one COPD subjects (82 males, 9 females, average age 69.7 ± 6.8 y) consecutively underwent incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing using a cycle ergometer. Arterial blood gases, lactate, and catecholamines were measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. RESULTS The pathophysiology of the COPD differed among the 4 subject groups. Subjects with the most severely reduced exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake ≤ 623 mL/min) were characterized by exercise-induced steep decrease in PaO2 slope (-78 ± 70 mm Hg/L/min), rapid progression of respiratory acidosis, little change in lactic acidosis, and sympathetic activation at low-intensity work load (plasma norepinephrine 1.41 ± 0.94 ng/mL at 20 watts work load), in addition to the limitation of increase in ventilation and impaired gas exchange. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms of exercise intolerance in COPD patients significantly differed among subjects with different exercise capacities. Subjects with the most severely reduced exercise capacity had the characteristics of exercise-induced hypoxemia, sympathetic overactivity, and progressive respiratory acidosis at low-intensity exercise. These life-threatening pathophysiological conditions could be improved by medication and/or pulmonary rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Maekura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
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Miki K, Maekura R, Nagaya N, Kitada S, Miki M, Yoshimura K, Tateishi Y, Motone M, Hiraga T, Mori M, Kangawa K. Effects of ghrelin treatment on exercise capacity in underweight COPD patients: a substudy of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ghrelin treatment. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13:37. [PMID: 23758800 PMCID: PMC3683541 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-13-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this substudy of the ghrelin treatment, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effects of ghrelin administration on exercise capacity and the underlying mechanisms in underweight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Methods Twenty underweight COPD patients were randomized to pulmonary rehabilitation with intravenous ghrelin (2 μg/kg, n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) twice daily for 3 weeks in a double-blind fashion. The primary outcome was changes in peak oxygen uptake V•o2. Secondary outcomes included changes in exertional cardio-respiratory functions: O2-pulse, physiologic dead space/tidal volume-ratio (VD/VT), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen V•E/V•o2, and ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide V•E/V•co2. Results With incremental exercise, at peak exercise, there was a significant difference in the mean difference (ghrelin minus placebo), i.e., treatment effect in: i) peak V•o2 (1.2 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 0.2-2.3 mL/kg/min, between-group p = 0.025); ii) V•E/V•o2 (-4.2, 95% CI: -7.9 to -0.5, between-group p = 0.030); iii) V•E/V•co2 (-4.1, 95% CI: -8.2 to -0.1, between-group p = 0.045); iv) VD/VT (-0.04, 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.00, between-group p = 0.041); and v) O2-pulse (0.7 mL/beat, 95% CI: 0.3 to 1.2 mL/beat, between-group p = 0.003). Additionally, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a significant time-course effect of ghrelin versus placebo in the peak V•o2 (p = 0.025). Conclusion Ghrelin administration was associated with improved exertional capacity and improvements in ventilatory-cardiac parameters. Trial registration UMIN (University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan) C000000061
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Miki
- Department of Internal medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Hiraga T, Ito S, Nakamura H. Cancer stem-like cell marker CD44 promotes bone metastases by enhancing tumorigenicity, cell motility, and hyaluronan production. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4112-22. [PMID: 23633482 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD44, an adhesion molecule that binds to the extracellular matrix, primarily to hyaluronan (HA), has been implicated in cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. CD44 has also recently been recognized as a marker for stem cells of several types of cancer. However, the roles of CD44 in the development of bone metastasis are unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by using bone metastatic cancer cell lines, in which CD44 was stably knocked down. Tumor sphere formation and cell migration and invasion were significantly inhibited by CD44 knockdown. Furthermore, the downregulation of CD44 markedly suppressed tumorigenicity and bone metastases in nude mice. Of note, the number of osteoclasts decreased in the bone metastases. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of HA synthase 2 was downregulated in CD44-knockdown cells. The localization of HA in the bone metastatic tumors was also markedly reduced. We then examined the roles of CD44-HA interaction in bone metastasis using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an inhibitor of HA synthesis. 4-MU decreased tumor sphere and osteoclast-like cell formation in vitro. Moreover, 4-MU inhibited bone metastases in vivo with reduced number of osteoclasts. These results collectively suggest that CD44 expression in cancer cells promotes bone metastases by enhancing tumorigenicity, cell migration and invasion, and HA production. Our results also suggest the possible involvement of CD44-expressing cancer stem cells in the development of bone metastases through interaction with HA. CD44-HA interaction could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention for bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
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Hosoya A, Yukita A, Ninomiya T, Hiraga T, Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Kasahara E, Nakamura H. Localization of SUMOylation factors and Osterix in odontoblast lineage cells during dentin formation and regeneration. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:201-11. [PMID: 23354182 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) conjugation (SUMOylation) is a post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes including the regulation of transcription factors. In this study, to analyze the involvement of SUMOylation in odontoblast differentiation, we examined the immunohistochemical localization of SUMO-1, SUMO-2/3, and Osterix during rat tooth development. At the bud and cap stages, localization of SUMOs and Osterix was hardly detected in the dental mesenchyme. At the bell stage, odontoblasts just beginning dentin matrix secretion and preodontoblasts near these odontoblasts showed intense immunoreactivity for these molecules. However, after the root-formation stage, these immunoreactivities in the odontoblasts decreased in intensity. Next, to examine whether the SUMOylation participates in dentin regeneration, we evaluated the distribution of SUMOs and Osterix in the dental pulp after cavity preparation. In the coronal pulp chamber of an untreated rat molar, odontoblasts and pulp cells showed no immunoreactivity. At 4 days after cavity preparation, positive cells for SUMOs and Osterix appeared on the surface of the dentin beneath the cavity. Odontoblast-like cells forming reparative dentin were immunopositive for SUMOs and Osterix at 1 week, whereas these immunoreactivities disappeared after 8 weeks. Additionally, we further analyzed the capacity of SUMO-1 to bind Osterix by performing an immunoprecipitation assay using C2C12 cells, and showed that Osterix could undergo SUMOylation. These results suggest that SUMOylation might regulate the transcriptional activity of Osterix in odontoblast lineage cells, and thus play important roles in odontoblast differentiation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hosoya
- Department of Oral Histology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan.
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Harada N, Ochi K, Yaosaka N, Teraoka H, Hiraga T, Iwanaga T, Unno T, Komori S, Yamada M, Kitazawa T. Immunohistochemical and functional studies for M3muscarinic receptors and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expressed in the mouse atrium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:41-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2012.00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Harada
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Ebetsu; Hokkaido; 069-8501; Japan
| | - K. Ochi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Ebetsu; Hokkaido; 069-8501; Japan
| | - N. Yaosaka
- Department of Veterinary Science; Rakuno Gakuen University; Ebetsu; Hokkaido; 069-8501; Japan
| | - H. Teraoka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Ebetsu; Hokkaido; 069-8501; Japan
| | - T. Hiraga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Ebetsu; Hokkaido; 069-8501; Japan
| | - T. Iwanaga
- Department of Functional Morphology, Laboratory of Histology and Cytology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo; 060-8638; Japan
| | - T. Unno
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science; Gifu University; Gifu; 501-1193; Japan
| | - S. Komori
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science; Gifu University; Gifu; 501-1193; Japan
| | - M. Yamada
- Common Resources Group; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology; Okinawa; 904-0411; Japan
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Hiraga T, Myoui A, Hashimoto N, Sasaki A, Hata K, Morita Y, Yoshikawa H, Rosen CJ, Mundy GR, Yoneda T. Bone-derived IGF mediates crosstalk between bone and breast cancer cells in bony metastases. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4238-49. [PMID: 22738911 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The continuous release of bone-stored growth factors after bone resorption promotes the colonization of circulating cancer cells. However, the precise role of each of the various growth factors remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of bone-derived insulin-like growth factor (IGF) in the development of bone metastases in an animal model of breast cancer. We found that local stimulation of calvarial bone resorption before cell inoculation stimulated subsequent bone metastases to that site in vivo, although inhibition of bone resorption inhibited bone metastases. Anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells was stimulated by the culture supernatants from resorbed bones, which contained elevated levels of IGF-I. This stimulation was blocked by IGF type I receptor (IGF-IR) neutralizing antibody, but not antibody targeting other bone-stored growth factors including TGF-β, fibroblast growth factors, and platelet-derived growth factors. Although recombinant human IGF-I caused IGF-IR tyrosine autophosphorylation, followed by activation of Akt and NF-κB in cancer cells, dominant-negative inhibition of IGF-IR, Akt, or NF-κB significantly reduced bone metastases with increased apoptosis and decreased mitosis in metastatic cells. Together, our findings suggest that bone-derived IGF-I bridges the crosstalk between bone and metastasized cancer cells via activation of the IGF-IR/Akt/NF-κB pathway. Disruption of this pathway therefore may represent a promising therapeutic intervention for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Yoshimura K, Maekura R, Hiraga T, Kitada S, Miki K, Miki M, Tateishi Y. Effects of tiotropium on sympathetic activation during exercise in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2012; 7:109-17. [PMID: 22615527 PMCID: PMC3355834 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s28677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tiotropium partially relieves exertional dyspnea and reduces the risk of congestive heart failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, its effect on the sympathetic activation response to exercise is unknown. AIMS This study aimed to determine whether tiotropium use results in a sustained reduction in sympathetic activation during exercise. METHODS We conducted a 12-week, open-label (treatments: tiotropium 18 μg or oxitropium 0.2 mg × 3 mg), crossover study in 17 COPD patients. Treatment order was randomized across subjects. The subjects underwent a pulmonary function test and two modes of cardiopulmonary exercise (constant work rate and incremental exercise) testing using a cycle ergometer, with measurement of arterial catecholamines after each treatment period. RESULTS Forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity were significantly larger in the tiotropium treatment group. In constant exercise testing, exercise endurance time was longer, with improvement in dyspnea during exercise and reduction in dynamic hyperinflation in the tiotropium treatment group. Similarly, in incremental exercise testing, exercise time, carbon dioxide production, and minute ventilation at peak exercise were significantly higher in the tiotropium treatment group. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations and dyspnea intensity were also lower during submaximal isotime exercise and throughout the incremental workload exercise in the tiotropium treatment group. CONCLUSION Tiotropium suppressed the increase of sympathetic activation during exercise at the end of the 6-week treatment, as compared with the effect of oxipropium. This effect might be attributed to improvement in lung function and exercise capacity and reduction in exertional dyspnea, which were associated with decreases in respiratory frequency and heart rate and reduced progression of arterial acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yoshimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toneyama National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Miki K, Maekura R, Hiraga T, Kitada S, Miki M, Yoshimura K, Tateishi Y. Effects of oxygen on exertional dyspnoea and exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2012; 17:149-54. [PMID: 22008208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The results of studies on the oxygen response in patients with COPD should provide important clues to the pathophysiology of exertional dyspnoea. We investigated the exercise responses to hyperoxia in relation to dyspnoea profile, as well as cardiopulmonary, acidotic and sympathetic parameters in 35 patients with stable COPD (mean FEV(1) 46% predicted). METHODS This was a single-blind trial, in which patients breathed 24% O(2) or compressed air (CA) in random order during two incremental cycle exercise tests. RESULTS PaO(2) and PaCO(2) were higher (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively) at each exercise point while patients were breathing 24% O(2) compared with CA. At a standardized time point near peak exercise, use of O(2) resulted in reduced plasma lactate and plasma noradrenaline concentrations (P < 0.01). Peak minute ventilation/indirect maximum voluntary ventilation was similar while breathing 24% O(2) and CA. At peak exercise, the dyspnoea score, pH and plasma noradrenaline concentrations were similar while breathing 24% O(2) and CA. The dyspnoea-ratio (%) of Δoxygen uptake (peak minus resting oxygen uptake) curve reached a break point that occurred at a similar exercise point while breathing 24% O(2) or CA. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of whether they breathed CA or 24% O(2) , patients with COPD did not develop ventilatory compensation for exertional acidosis, and the pH values measured were similar. Hyperoxia during a standardized exercise protocol did not alter the pattern of exertional dyspnoea in these patients, compared with breathing CA, although hyperoxia resulted in miscellaneous effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Miki
- Department of Internal medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Chen YC, Ninomiya T, Hosoya A, Hiraga T, Miyazawa H, Nakamura H. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits osteoblastic differentiation of mouse periodontal fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 57:453-9. [PMID: 22041016 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a non-mineralized tissue connecting cementum and alveolar bone. Recent studies have suggested that periodontal fibroblasts can differentiate into mineralized tissue-forming cells such as osteoblasts and cementoblasts. We elucidated the immunolocalization of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the effects of vitamin D(3) (VD(3)) on mouse periodontal fibroblasts to clarify the role of VDR and VD(3) in the differentiation of periodontal fibroblasts. DESIGN Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-VDR antibody was performed in paraffin sections of mouse mandibles at E13, E14, E17, P10, and P35. The roles of VD(3) in osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization were estimated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red (AR) staining. In addition, the mRNA expression of osteoblast markers and mineralization inhibitors was examined by real-time PCR. RESULTS At the bud, cap and early bell stages, immunoreactivity for VDR was scarcely seen in the cells of dental follicles. Labelling was detected in the nuclei of cemetoblasts, periodontal fibroblasts and osteoblasts during root formation. VD(3) inhibited ALP activity and AR-positive mineralized nodule formation of periodontal fibroblasts in osteogenic culture medium. Real-time PCR revealed that VD(3) down-regulated the levels of osteoblast markers. In contrast, VD(3) significantly up-regulated the level of periodontal ligament associated protein (PLAP)-1, a negative regulator of osteoblastic differentiation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that VD(3) negatively regulates the osteoblastic differentiation of mouse periodontal fibroblasts and prevents the periodontal ligament from mineralization via increase of PLAP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Chen
- Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
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Yoneda T, Hata K, Nakanishi M, Nagae M, Nagayama T, Wakabayashi H, Nishisho T, Sakurai T, Hiraga T. Molecular events of acid-induced bone pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1138/20110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ninomiya T, Hosoya A, Hiraga T, Koide M, Yamaguchi K, Oida H, Arai Y, Sahara N, Nakamura H, Ozawa H. Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4-selective agonist (ONO-4819) increases bone formation by modulating mesenchymal cell differentiation. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 650:396-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yoneda T, Hata K, Nakanishi M, Nagae M, Nagayama T, Wakabayashi H, Nishisho T, Sakurai T, Hiraga T. Involvement of acidic microenvironment in the pathophysiology of cancer-associated bone pain. Bone 2011; 48:100-5. [PMID: 20637323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone pain is one of the most common complications in cancer patients with bone metastases. Although the mechanism of cancer-associated bone pain is poorly understood, clinical observations that inhibitors of osteoclasts such as bisphosphonates (BPs) efficiently reduce bone pain suggest a potential role of osteoclasts, which play a central role in the development and progression of bone metastasis. Osteoclasts dissolve bone minerals by releasing protons through the a3 isoform of the vacuolar-H(+)-ATPase, creating acidic microenvironments. In addition, cancer cells, inflammatory cells and immune cells that reside in bone metastases also produce acidic conditions by releasing protons. It has been well-known that acidic conditions due to proton release cause pain. Our study showed that the sensory nociceptive neurons innervate bone and these neurons express acid-sensing nociceptors such as the acid-sensing ion channels and transient receptor potential channel-vanilloid subfamily members. Acid signals received by these nociceptors subsequently activate intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factors in sensory neurons. The understanding of the nociceptive events following proton release and subsequent creation of acidic microenvironments leads us to design novel molecular-based approaches for reducing bone pain associated with cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yoneda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Hiraga T, Ito S, Nakamura H. Side population in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells exhibits cancer stem cell-like properties without higher bone-metastatic potential. Oncol Rep 2011; 25:289-296. [PMID: 21109989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that cancers contain a small subset of their own stem-like cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which play critical roles in the initiation, maintenance and relapse of tumors. However, the role of CSCs in cancer metastasis, especially in metastasis to bone, has not been extensively studied. Side population (SP) has been shown to enrich CSCs in several types of cancer, including breast cancer. In the present study, we characterized the SP cells isolated from the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in comparison to non-SP (NSP). Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis demonstrated the existence of SP in MDA-MB-231 cells, which was markedly reduced in the presence of fumitremorgin C, a specific inhibitor of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that ABCG2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in SP cells than in NSP cells. SP cells formed increased numbers of tumor-spheres in suspension culture. Furthermore, the tumor growth in the orthotopic mammary fat pad in nude mice was significantly accelerated in SP cells. On the other hand, the development of bone metastases determined by intracardiac injection into nude mice showed no difference between SP and NSP cells. SP abundance in the tumor cells isolated from the bone metastases was not increased either compared with that from the mammary tumors. These results suggest that the SP in MDA-MB-231 cells possesses some of the CSC-like properties but does not have higher metastatic potential to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan.
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Tateishi Y, Motone M, Yoshimura K, Miki M, Miki K, Kitada S, Hashimoto H, Hiraga T, Maekura R. [Susceptibility to rifabutin and novel fluoroquinolones in Mycobacterium avium complex isolates from patients with sputum culture-positive pulmonary disease who are undergoing standard chemotherapy]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 2010; 48:797-802. [PMID: 21141056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the susceptibility to conventional and newer antimycobacterial agents including rifabutin (RBT) and novel fluoroquinolones (NFQs) among 48 clinical Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolates from patients with sputum culture-positive MAC disease who were undergoing standard chemotherapy. RBT and NFQs were superior to conventional agents because of higher rates of susceptibility and lower minimum inhibitory concentration. NFQs showed cross-resistance among quinolones. In contrast, RBT did not show cross-resistance to RFP. Most clarithromycin-resistant or rifampicin-resistant cases were susceptible to RBT and NFQs. In conclusion, RBT and NFQs possess good in vitro antimicrobial activity among clinical isolates of culture-positive pulmonary MAC disease, which suggests that a combination of such microbiologically active agents may improve clinical effectiveness more than standard chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tateishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Toneyama Hospital
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Kitada S, Kobayashi K, Nishiuchi Y, Fushitani K, Yoshimura K, Tateishi Y, Miki K, Miki M, Hashimoto H, Motone M, Fujikawa T, Hiraga T, Maekura R. Serodiagnosis of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex proven by bronchial wash culture. Chest 2010; 138:236-7. [PMID: 20605832 DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Nakanishi M, Hata K, Nagayama T, Sakurai T, Nishisho T, Wakabayashi H, Hiraga T, Ebisu S, Yoneda T. Acid activation of Trpv1 leads to an up-regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons via the CaMK-CREB cascade: a potential mechanism of inflammatory pain. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:2568-77. [PMID: 20534813 PMCID: PMC2912344 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-01-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased CGRP expression in sensory neurons is associated with inflammatory pain. We examined the molecular basis of CGRP expression and found that acid-sensing nociceptor Trpv1 is activated under inflammatory acidic environments and up-regulates the CGRP expression through CaMK-CREB cascade. Increased production of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in sensory neurons is implicated in inflammatory pain. The inflammatory site is acidic due to proton release from infiltrating inflammatory cells. Acid activation of peripheral nociceptors relays pain signals to the CNS. Here, we examined whether acid activated the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (Trpv1), a widely recognized acid-sensing nociceptor and subsequently increased CGRP expression. Chemically induced inflammation was associated with thermal hyperalgesia and increased CGRP expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in rats. In organ cultures of DRG, acid (pH 5.5) elevated CGRP expression and the selective Trpv1 antagonist 5′-Iodoresiniferatoxin decreased it. Trpv1-deficient DRG showed reduced CGRP increase by acid. Of note, many of CGRP/Trpv1-positive DRG neurons exhibited the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a nociceptive transcription factor. Knockdown of CREB by small interfering RNA or a dominant-negative form of CREB diminished acid-elevated CGRP expression. Acid elevated the transcriptional activity of CREB, which in turn stimulated CGRP gene promoter activity. These effects were inhibited by a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) inhibitor KN-93. In conclusion, our results suggest that inflammatory acidic environments activate Trpv1, leading to an up-regulation of CGRP expression via CaMK-CREB cascade, a series of events that may be associated with inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nakanishi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Hiraga T, Ninomiya T, Hosoya A, Nakamura H. Administration of the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid during tooth development inhibits tooth eruption and formation and induces dental abnormalities in rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 86:502-10. [PMID: 20411381 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption and widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis and metastatic bone diseases. Recently, BPs have also been shown to benefit children with primary and secondary osteoporosis, including osteogenesis imperfecta; however, their long-term safety has not been established yet. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that BPs delay or inhibit tooth eruption. The failure of tooth eruption causes several dental abnormalities. In this study, to determine the effects of BPs on tooth formation, the BP zoledronic acid (ZOL) was injected into 7- and 14-day-old rats, and the development of the mandibular teeth was examined. X-ray analysis demonstrated that ZOL inhibited the eruption of both incisors and molars and their formation, especially in the molar roots. Histological examination showed that, in ZOL-treated animals, alveolar bone remained unresorbed around tooth crowns, which injured ameloblasts and enamel matrix, leading to defects of the enamel. Furthermore, haphazard proliferation of odontogenic epithelium and mesenchyme associated with primitive tooth structures, which resembles human odontomas, was induced at the basal end of incisors but not around the molars. Tooth ankylosis to alveolar bone was occasionally observed in molars. These results suggest that administration of BPs during tooth development has the potential to inhibit tooth eruption and formation and to induce several types of dental abnormalities, which may be attributed to the altered osteoclastic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara-Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan.
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Miki K, Maekura R, Hiraga T, Hashimoto H, Kitada S, Miki M, Yoshimura K, Tateishi Y, Sugano T, Motone M. Exertional dyspnea-related acidotic and sympathetic responses in patients with sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Physiol Sci 2010; 60:187-93. [PMID: 20087706 PMCID: PMC10716986 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether exertional dyspnea correlates with exercise responses, especially arterial blood pH and plasma norepinephrine (NE) changes, in patients with sequelae of tuberculosis (TBsq). Cardiopulmonary exercise testings were performed in 49 TBsq patients and 9 controls. Each group had a break point in the dyspnea, plasma lactate, and plasma NE changes during exercise, all of which occurred at a similar exercise point. In TBsq patients in both exercise phases before and after the dyspnea break point, the dyspnea-slope (DeltaBorg scale/Deltaminute ventilation) correlated with the pH-slope (DeltapH/Deltaoxygen uptake) (r = -0.616, p < 0.0001; r = -0.629, p < 0.0001, respectively, before and after the break point) and with the NE-slope (DeltaNE/Deltaoxygen uptake) (r = 0.443, p = 0.0012; r = 0.643, p < 0.0001, respectively, before and after the break point). In TBsq patients during exercise, increases in circulating NE levels and exertional acidosis were correlated with exertional dyspnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Miki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Kobayashi Y, Hiraga T, Ueda A, Wang L, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Hata K, Yatani H, Yoneda T. Zoledronic acid delays wound healing of the tooth extraction socket, inhibits oral epithelial cell migration, and promotes proliferation and adhesion to hydroxyapatite of oral bacteria, without causing osteonecrosis of the jaw, in mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2010; 28:165-75. [PMID: 19882100 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-009-0128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid (ZOL) and pamidronate have been widely and successfully used for the treatment of cancer patients with bone metastases and/or hypercalcemia. Accumulating recent reports have shown that cancer patients who have received these bisphosphonates occasionally manifest bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) following dental treatments, including tooth extraction. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of BRONJ to date. Here, to understand the underlying pathogenesis of BRONJ, we examined the effects of ZOL on wound healing of the tooth extraction socket using a mouse tooth extraction model. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed that the amount of new bone and the numbers of blood vessels in the socket were significantly decreased in ZOL-treated mice compared to control mice. Consistent with these results, ZOL significantly inhibited angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor in vivo and the proliferation of endothelial cells in culture in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, etidronate, a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, showed no effects on osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the socket. ZOL also suppressed the migration of oral epithelial cells, which is a crucial step for tooth socket closure. In addition, ZOL promoted the adherence of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite and the proliferation of oral bacteria obtained from healthy individuals, suggesting that ZOL may increase the bacterial infection. In conclusion, our data suggest that ZOL delays wound healing of the tooth extraction socket by inhibiting osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Our data also suggest that ZOL alters oral bacterial behaviors. These actions of ZOL may be relevant to the pathogenesis of BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Nakamura H, Yukita A, Ninomiya T, Hosoya A, Hiraga T, Ozawa H. Localization of Thy-1-positive cells in the perichondrium during endochondral ossification. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:455-62. [PMID: 20124093 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.955393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We elucidated the localization of Thy-1-positive cells in the perichondrium of fetal rat limb bones to clarify the distribution of osteogenic cells in the process of endochondral ossification. We also examined the formation of calcified bone-like matrices by isolated perichondrial cells in vitro. At embryonic day (E) 15.5, when the cartilage primodia were formed, immunoreactivity for Thy-1 was detected in cells of the perichondrium adjacent to the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes. At E17.5, when the bone collar formation and the vascular invasion were initiated, fibroblast-like cells at the sites of vascular invasion, as well as in the perichondrium, showed Thy-1 labeling. Double immunostaining for Thy-1 and osterix revealed that Thy-1 was not expressed in the osterix-positive osteoblasts. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that Thy-1-positive cells in the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes came in contact with blood vessels. Perichondrial cells isolated from limb bones showed alkaline phosphatase activity and formed calcified bone-like matrices after 4 weeks in osteogenic medium. RT-PCR demonstrated that Thy-1 expression decreased as calcified nodules formed. Conversely, the expression of osteogenic marker genes Runx2, osterix, and osteocalcin increased. These results indicate that Thy-1 is a good marker for characterizing osteoprogenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Oral Histology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan.
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Miki K, Maekura R, Hiraga T, Hashimoto H, Kitada S, Miki M, Yoshimura K, Tateishi Y, Fushitani K, Motone M. Acidosis and raised norepinephrine levels are associated with exercise dyspnoea in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2009; 14:1020-6. [PMID: 19740262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Exertional dyspnoea limits patients with IPF in their activities of daily living. The mechanism, however, has not been elucidated. This study tested the hypothesis in IPF that exertional dyspnoea correlates with cardiopulmonary exercise responses, specifically changes in arterial blood pH and plasma norepinephrine (NE). METHODS Cardiopulmonary exercise testing with measurements of dyspnoea (Borg scale), plasma NE, plasma lactate and arterial blood gases were performed in 29 patients with IPF and in nine controls. RESULTS Both groups showed obvious break points in dyspnoea changes during exercise. In IPF, an abrupt change in the Borg scale, pH, PaCO(2) and plasma NE occurred in the late exercise phase after the 'break point'. Compared with controls, patients with IPF had significantly higher HCO(3)(-) levels and physiologic dead space/tidal volume during exercise. In IPF, during both exercise phases, the dyspnoea slope (DeltaBorg scale/Deltaminute ventilation) correlated with the pH slope (DeltapH/Deltaoxygen uptake) (before the break point: r = -0.537, P = 0.0022; r = -0.886, P < 0.0001, after the break point) and the NE slope (DeltaNE/Deltaoxygen uptake) (before the break point: r = 0.481, P = 0.0075; R = 0.784, P < 0.0001, after the break point). CONCLUSIONS In patients with IPF, exercise-induced acidosis and increases in circulating NE levels were associated with intensity of exertional dyspnoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Miki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Hiraga T, Ninomiya T, Hosoya A, Takahashi M, Nakamura H. Formation of bone-like mineralized matrix by periodontal ligament cells in vivo: a morphological study in rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2009; 27:149-57. [PMID: 19214373 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-009-0039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a unique connective tissue that not only connects cementum and alveolar bone to support teeth, but also plays an important role in reconstructing periodontal tissues. Previous studies have suggested that PDL cells have osteogenic potential; however, they lack precise histological examinations. Here, we studied bone-like matrix formation by PDL cells in rats using morphological techniques. Rat and human PDL cells exhibited substantial alkaline phosphatase activity and induced mineralization in vitro. RT-PCR analyses showed that PDL cells expressed the osteoblast markers, Runx2, osterix, and osteocalcin. These results suggest that PDL cells share similar phenotypes with osteoblasts. To examine the bone-like matrix formation in vivo, PDL cells isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats were inoculated with hydroxyapatite (HA) disks into wild-type rats. Five weeks after the implantation, the pores in HA disks were occupied by GFP-positive cells. Mineralized matrix formation was also found on the surface of HA pores. At 12 weeks, some of the pores were filled with bone-like mineralized matrices (BLMM), which were positive for the bone matrix proteins, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that most of the osteoblast- and osteocyte-like cells on or in the BLMM were GFP-positive, suggesting that the BLMM were directly formed by the inoculated PDL cells. On the pore surfaces, Sharpey's fiber-like structures embedded in cementum-like mineralized layers were also observed. These results collectively suggest that PDL cells have the ability to form periodontal tissues and could be a useful source for regenerative therapies of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara-Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
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Hiraga T, Nakamura H. Imatinib mesylate suppresses bone metastases of breast cancer by inhibiting osteoclasts through the blockade of c-Fms signals. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:215-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tamura D, Hiraga T, Myoui A, Yoshikawa H, Yoneda T. Cadherin-11-mediated interactions with bone marrow stromal/osteoblastic cells support selective colonization of breast cancer cells in bone. Int J Oncol 2008; 33:17-24. [PMID: 18575746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in the selective colonization of cancer in distant organs. Breast cancer has a strong predilection for spreading to bone. Cadherin-11, which is one of the classical type-2 cadherin family members and mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion, is constitutively expressed in stromal and osteoblastic cells in bone marrow. Elevated cadherin-11 expression is also found in aggressive human breast cancers. Here, we investigated the role of the interactions between breast cancer cells and bone marrow stromal/osteoblastic cells via cadherin-11 in the selective spread to bone. The bone-seeking clone of the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells showed greater cadherin-11 expression than the parental and the brain-seeking clone. Cadherin-11 overexpression in MDA-MB-231 cells increased bone metastases with promoted bone resorption, while the natural variant form of cadherin-11 that is unable to establish cell-cell adhesion did not. Of note, introduction of cadherin-11 showed no effects on lung metastases. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis using the fluorescent dye-labeled cancer cells showed that early colonization in bone marrow was increased by cadherin-11. Co-cultures with the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells that constitutively expressed cadherin-11 caused an up-regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) production in MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing cadherin-11. The conditioned medium of the co-cultures increased osteoclastogenesis, which was blocked by a neutralizing antibody to PTH-rP. In conclusion, our results suggest that cadherin-11 promotes homing and migration to bone and osteoclastogenesis through mediating the homophilic interactions of breast cancer cells with marrow stromal/osteoblastic cells, thereby enhancing bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Tamura D, Hiraga T, Myoui A, Yoshikawa H, Yoneda T. Cadherin-11-mediated interactions with bone marrow stromal/osteoblastic cells support selective colonization of breast cancer cells in bone. Int J Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.33.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Hosoya A, Ninomiya T, Hiraga T, Zhao C, Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Takahashi M, Okabe T, Wakitani S, Yamada H, Kasahara E, Ozawa H, Nakamura H. Alveolar bone regeneration of subcutaneously transplanted rat molar. Bone 2008; 42:350-7. [PMID: 18032126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of alveolar bone is essential for periodontal treatment. Recently, cell replacement therapy has been focused on periodontal disease, but the source of the cells that regenerate alveolar bone is still uncertain. Therefore, to clarify the source of these bone-regenerating cells, we transplanted GFP-transgenic rat molars into the subcutaneous tissues of wild-type rats. Five days after transplantation, the tooth was surrounded by connective tissue containing many blood vessels. At 10 days, bone-like tissue was formed in the connective tissue between the branches of the bifurcated root. This hard tissue expanded to almost all of this bifurcation area without osseous ankylosis after 20 days. All osteoblast-like cells in the newly formed matrix were immunopositive for GFP. In addition, these cells and the peripheral cells of the matrix showed intense immunoreactivity for BMP4, Runx2, BSP, and OPN. These results demonstrate that periodontal ligament tissue contains osteoprogenitor cells that have the ability to regenerate alveolar bone. Our model suggests that these regeneration processes might be similar to normal alveolar bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hosoya
- Department of Oral Histology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
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Nakamura H, Hiraga T, Ninomiya T, Hosoya A, Fujisaki N, Yoneda T, Ozawa H. Involvement of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in bone destruction induced by metastatic MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in nude mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2008; 26:642-7. [PMID: 18979165 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-008-0857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanisms of bone destruction associated with bone metastases, we studied an animal model in which inoculation of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells into the left cardiac ventricle of female nude mice causes osteolytic lesions in bone using morphological techniques. On the bone surfaces facing the metastatic tumor cells, there existed many tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated osteoclasts. TRAP-positive mononuclear osteoclast precursor cells were also observed in the tumor nests. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the cancer cells produced parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) but not receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL). Histochemical and immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase and RANKL-positive stromal cells were frequently adjacent to TRAP-positive osteoclast-like cells. Immunoelectron microscopic observation revealed that osteoclast-like cells were in contact with RANKL-positive stromal cells. MDA-MB-231 cells and osteoclast-like cells in the tumor nests showed CD44-positive reactivity on their plasma membranes. Hyaluronan (HA) and osteopontin (OPN), the ligands for CD44, were occasionally colocalized with CD44. These results suggest that tumor-producing osteoclastogenic factors, including PTHrP, upregulate RANKL expression in bone marrow stromal cells, which in turn stimulates the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, leading to the progression of bone destruction in the bone metastases of MDA-MB-231 cells. Because the interactions between CD44 and its ligands, HA and OPN, have been shown to upregulate osteoclast differentiation and function, in addition to the cell-cell interactions mediated by RANK and RANKL, the cell-matrix interactions mediated by these molecules may also contribute to the progression of osteoclastic bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Oral Histology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan.
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