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Pratt EC, Shaffer TM, Bauer D, Lewis JS, Grimm J. Radiances of Cerenkov-Emitting Isotopes on the IVIS. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.18.524625. [PMID: 36711894 PMCID: PMC9882406 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.524625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerenkov (or Cherenkov) luminescence occurs when charged particles exceed the phase velocity of a given medium. Cerenkov has gained interest in preclinical space as well as in clinical trials for optical visualization of numerous radionuclides. However, Cerenkov intensity has to be inferred from alternative databases with energy emission spectra, or theoretical fluence estimates. Here we present the largest experimental dataset of Cerenkov emitting isotopes recorded using the IVIS optical imaging system. We report Cerenkov measurements spanning orders of magnitude normalized to the activity concentration for 21 Cerenkov emitting isotopes, covering electron, alpha, beta minus, and positron emissions. Isotopes measured include Carbon-11, Fluorine-18, Phosphorous-32, Scandium-47, Copper-64, Copper-67, Gallium-68, Arsenic-72, Bromine-76, Yttrium-86, Zirconium-89, Yttrium-90, Iodine-124, Iodine-131, Cerium-134, Lutetium-177, Lead-203, Lead-212, Radium-223, Actinium-225, and Thorium-227. We hope this updating resource will serve as a rank ordering for comparing isotopes for Cerenkov luminescence in the visible window and serve as a rule of thumb for comparing Cerenkov intensities in vitro and in vivo. Methods All Cerenkov emitting radionuclides were either produced at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Carbon-11, 11 C; Fluorine-18, 18 F; Iodine-124, 124 I), from commercial sources such as Perkin Elmer (Phosphorous-32, 32 P; Yttrium-90, 90 Y), Bayer (Radium-223, 223 Ra, Xofigo), 3D-Imaging (Zirconium-89, 89 Zr), Nuclear Diagnostic Products (Iodine-131, 131 I), or from academic collaborators at Washington University at St. Louis (Copper-64, 64 Cu), University of Wisconsin (Bromine-76, 76 Br), MD Anderson Cancer Center (Yttrium-86, 86 Y), Brookhaven National Laboratory (Arsenic-72, 72 As; Thorium-227, 227 Th), or Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Cerium-134, 134 Ce, Actinium-225, 225 Ac), and Viewpoint Molecular Targeting (Lead-203, 203 Pb; Lead 212, 212 Pb). All isotopes were diluted in triplicate on a black bottomed corning 96 well plate to several activity concentrations ranging from 0.1-250 μCi in 100-200 μL of Phosphate Buffered Saline. Cerenkov imaging was acquired on a single Perkin-Elmer Spectrum In-Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) at field of view c with exposures ranging up to 15 minutes or lower provided no part of the image intensity was saturated, or that the activity significantly changed during the exposure. Experimental radiances on the IVIS were calculated from regions of interest drown over each 96 well, and then normalized for the activity present in the well, and the volume the isotope was diluted into.
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2
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Plakas K, Rosch LE, Clark MD, Adbul-Rashed S, Shaffer TM, Harmsen S, Gambhir SS, Detty MR. Design and evaluation of Raman reporters for the Raman-silent region. Nanotheranostics 2022; 6:1-9. [PMID: 34976577 PMCID: PMC8671958 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.58965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is proving to be a useful tool for biomedical imaging. However, this imaging technique can suffer from poor signal-to-noise ratio, as the complexity of biological tissues can lead to overlapping of Raman bands from tissues and the Raman reporter molecule utilized. Methods: Herein we describe the synthesis of triple bond containing Raman reporters that scatter light in the biological silent window, between 1750 cm-1 and 2750 cm-1. Results: Our SERS nanoprobes are comprised of uniquely designed Raman reporters containing either alkyne- or cyano-functional groups, enabling them to be readily distinguished from background biological tissue. Conclusion: We identify promising candidates that eventually can be moved forward as Raman reporters in SERS nanoparticles for highly specific contrast-enhanced Raman-based disease or analyte detection in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Plakas
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lauren E Rosch
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shukree Adbul-Rashed
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Harmsen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Material Science & Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Detty
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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3
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Henry KE, Shaffer TM, Mack KN, Ring J, Ogirala A, Klein-Scory S, Eilert-Micus C, Schmiegel W, Bracht T, Sitek B, Clyne M, Reid CJ, Sipos B, Lewis JS, Kalthoff H, Grimm J. Exploiting the MUC5AC Antigen for Noninvasive Identification of Pancreatic Cancer. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1384-1390. [PMID: 33712530 PMCID: PMC8724889 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.256776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains the fourth leading cause of cancer death; therefore, there is a clinically unmet need for novel therapeutics and diagnostic markers to treat this devastating disease. Physicians often rely on biopsy or CT for diagnosis, but more specific protein biomarkers are highly desired to assess the stage and severity of PC in a noninvasive manner. Serum biomarkers such as carbohydrate antigen 19-9 are of particular interest as they are commonly elevated in PC but have exhibited suboptimal performance in the clinic. MUC5AC has emerged as a useful serum biomarker that is specific for PC versus inflammation. We developed RA96, an anti-MUC5AC antibody, to gauge its utility in PC diagnosis through immunohistochemical analysis and whole-body PET in PC. Methods: In this study, extensive biochemical characterization determined MUC5AC as the antigen for RA96. We then determined the utility of RA96 for MUC5AC immunohistochemistry on clinical PC and preclinical PC. Finally, we radiolabeled RA96 with 89Zr to assess its application as a whole-body PET radiotracer for MUC5AC quantification in PC. Results: Immunohistochemical staining with RA96 distinguished chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and varying grades of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in clinical samples. 89Zr-desferrioxamine-RA96 was able to detect MUC5AC with high specificity in mice bearing capan-2 xenografts. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that RA96 can differentiate between inflammation and PC, improving the fidelity of PC diagnosis. Our immuno-PET tracer 89Zr-desferrioxamine-RA96 shows specific detection of MUC5AC-positive tumors in vivo, highlighting the utility of MUC5AC targeting for diagnosis of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kyeara N Mack
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Janine Ring
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anuja Ogirala
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Wolff Schmiegel
- Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Medical Proteome Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medical Proteome Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marguerite Clyne
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm J Reid
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Departments of Pharmacology and Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Departments of Pharmacology and Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Shaffer TM, Aalipour A, Schürch CM, Gambhir SS. PET Imaging of the Natural Killer Cell Activation Receptor NKp30. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1348-1354. [PMID: 32532927 PMCID: PMC7456168 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.233163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redirecting the immune system in cancer treatment has led to remarkable responses in a subset of patients. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells being explored as they engage tumor cells in different mechanisms compared with T cells, which could be exploited for treatment of nonresponders to current immunotherapies. NK cell therapies are monitored through measuring peripheral NK cell concentrations or changes in tumor volume over time. The former does not detect NK cells at the tumor site, and the latter is inaccurate for immunotherapies because of pseudoprogression. Therefore, new imaging methods are required as companion diagnostics for optimizing immunotherapies. Methods: In this study, we developed and completed preclinical in vivo validation of 2 antibody-based PET probes specific for NKp30, an activation natural cytotoxicity receptor expressed by human NK cells. Quantitative, multicolor flow cytometry during a variety of NK cell activation conditions was completed on primary human NK cells and the NK92MI cell line. Human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors were stained for the NK cell receptors CD56, NKp30, and NKp46 to determine expression on tumor-infiltrating NK cells. An NKp30 antibody was radiolabeled with 64Cu or 89Zr and evaluated in subcutaneous xenografts and adoptive cell transfer mouse models. Results: Quantitative flow cytometry showed consistent expression of the NKp30 receptor during different activation conditions. NKp30 and NKp46 costained in RCC samples, demonstrating the expression of these receptors on tumor-infiltrating NK cells in human tumors, whereas tumor cells in one RCC sample expressed the peripheral NK marker CD56. Both PET tracers showed high stability and specificity in vitro and in vivo. Notably, 89Zr-NKp30Ab had higher on-target contrast than 64Cu-NKp30Ab at their respective terminal time points. 64Cu-NKp30Ab delineated NK cell trafficking to the liver and spleen in an adoptive cell transfer model. Conclusion: The consistent expression of NKp30 on NK cells makes it an attractive target for quantitative imaging. Immunofluorescence staining on human RCC samples demonstrated the advantages of NKp30 targeting versus CD56 for detection of tumor infiltrating NK cells. This work advances PET imaging of NK cells and supports the translation of imaging agents for immunotherapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M Shaffer
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Amin Aalipour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California .,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Bio-X Program and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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5
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Murty S, Haile ST, Beinat C, Aalipour A, Alam IS, Murty T, Shaffer TM, Patel CB, Graves EE, Mackall CL, Gambhir SS. Intravital imaging reveals synergistic effect of CAR T-cells and radiation therapy in a preclinical immunocompetent glioblastoma model. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1757360. [PMID: 32923113 PMCID: PMC7458609 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1757360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in novel immune strategies, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-bearing T-cells, have shown limited efficacy against glioblastoma (GBM) in clinical trials. We currently have an incomplete understanding of how these emerging therapies integrate with the current standard of care, specifically radiation therapy (RT). Additionally, there is an insufficient number of preclinical studies monitoring these therapies with high spatiotemporal resolution. To address these limitations, we report the first longitudinal fluorescence-based intravital microscopy imaging of CAR T-cells within an orthotopic GBM preclinical model to illustrate the necessity of RT for complete therapeutic response. Additionally, we detail the first usage of murine-derived CAR T-cells targeting the disialoganglioside GD2 in an immunocompetent tumor model. Cell culture assays demonstrated substantial GD2 CAR T-cell-mediated killing of murine GBM cell lines SB28 and GL26 induced to overexpress GD2. Complete antitumor response in advanced syngeneic orthotopic models of GBM was achieved only when a single intravenous dose of GD2 CAR T-cells was following either sub-lethal whole-body irradiation or focal RT. Intravital microscopy imaging successfully visualized CAR T-cell homing and T-cell mediated apoptosis of tumor cells in real-time within the tumor stroma. Findings indicate that RT allows for rapid CAR T-cell extravasation from the vasculature and expansion within the tumor microenvironment, leading to a more robust and lasting immunologic response. These exciting results highlight potential opportunities to improve intravenous adoptive T-cell administration in the treatment of GBM through concurrent RT. Additionally, they emphasize the need for advancements in immunotherapeutic homing to and extravasation through the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Murty
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel T Haile
- Department of Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Corinne Beinat
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amin Aalipour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Israt S Alam
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tara Murty
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chirag B Patel
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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6
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Aalipour A, Le Boeuf F, Tang M, Murty S, Simonetta F, Lozano AX, Shaffer TM, Bell JC, Gambhir SS. Viral Delivery of CAR Targets to Solid Tumors Enables Effective Cell Therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 17:232-240. [PMID: 32346612 PMCID: PMC7183102 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has had limited efficacy for solid tumors, largely due to a lack of selectively and highly expressed surface antigens. To avoid reliance on a tumor’s endogenous antigens, here we describe a method of tumor-selective delivery of surface antigens using an oncolytic virus to enable a generalizable CAR T cell therapy. Using CD19 as our proof of concept, we engineered a thymidine kinase-disrupted vaccinia virus to selectively deliver CD19 to malignant cells, and thus demonstrated potentiation of CD19 CAR T cell activity against two tumor types in vitro. In an immunocompetent model of B16 melanoma, this combination markedly delayed tumor growth and improved median survival compared with antigen-mismatched combinations. We also found that CD19 delivery could improve CAR T cell activity against tumor cells that express low levels of cognate antigen, suggesting a potential application in counteracting antigen-low escape. This approach highlights the potential of engineering tumors for effective adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Aalipour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fabrice Le Boeuf
- Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Matthew Tang
- Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Surya Murty
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander X Lozano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON MS5 1A8, Canada
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John C Bell
- Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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7
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Shaffer TM, Aalipour A, Gambhir SS. Abstract B43: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the natural killer (NK) cell activation receptor NKp30. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-b43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential defenders against viral and cancer threats. Therapeutic strategies utilizing NK cells include both adoptive cell transfer and modulating NK response in situ. Therapeutic response is gauged using CT/MRI or analysis of circulating NK cells via flow cytometry. Measuring tumor size via CT/MRI has limited prognostic value for immunotherapies and circulating NK cell activity is a poor surrogate for NK cell engagement and activation at desired tumor sites. New approaches are needed to noninvasively monitor NK cell localization and activation to better predict therapy responses, determine causes of therapy failure, and facilitate the clinical translation of emerging NK cell cancer therapies. To address this challenge, positron emission tomography (PET) tracers specific for NKp30 (NCR3) were developed and validated in vivo. NKp30 is expressed almost exclusively on NK cells along with rare ILC1 subtypes and highly upregulated in activated NK cells. PET imaging allows quantitative, serial, non-invasive imaging. A variety of PET radionuclides are used, depending on the targeting probes’ pharmacokinetics. An NKp30-specific antibody was radiolabeled with either copper-64 (64Cu, t1/2 = 12.7h) or zirconium-89 (89Zr, t1/2 = 78.4h) to determine which probe offers superior contrast. 64Cu and 89Zr allow in vivo imaging out to 48 hours and 7 days post-injection, respectively. The antibody was conjugated with the chelators DOTA or DFO followed by 64Cu or 89Zr radiolabeling. 64Cu-NKp30 had a radiochemical yield of 70-75% and specific activity of 7.5-10 uCi/ug, whereas 89Zr-NKp30 had a radiochemical yield of >85% and a specific activity of 4-5 uCi/ug. HPLC results demonstrated radiochemical purity of >98% and no antibody aggregation or fragmentation. To evaluate the binding specificity of these tracers in vivo, HeLa cells stably expressing NKp30 were subcutaneously implanted into flanks of nu/nu mice, along with HeLa wild-type (WT) cells in the opposite flank. 15 ug of 64Cu-NKp30 or 89Zr-NKp30 was injected, and PET/CT imaging completed at 24 and 48h for 64Cu-NKp30 and every 24h to 144h for 89Zr-NKp30. 64Cu-NKp30 had 14.4±4.4 %Id/g uptake in NKp30 xenografts, compared to 5.8±1.4 %Id/g for WT cells (p= 0.042, n=3) at 48h. 89Zr-NKp30 had 22.9±1.9 %Id/g uptake in NKp30 xenografts compared to 7.3±0.9 %Id/g for WT cells (p=0.0027, n=3) at 144h. Tumor/blood ratios were 1.6 for 64Cu-NKp30 vs 4.7 89Zr-NKp30 at 48 and 144 hours, respectively. These results demonstrate specific uptake in cells expressing NKp30 by both probes, with 89Zr-NKp30 at 144h demonstrating superior contrast. We have developed NKp30-specific PET tracers for imaging activated NK cell distribution with the potential for monitoring of NK cell immunotherapy in vivo.
Citation Format: Travis M. Shaffer, Amin Aalipour, Sanjiv S. Gambhir. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the natural killer (NK) cell activation receptor NKp30 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B43.
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8
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Kaittanis C, Shaffer TM, Ogirala A, Santra S, Perez JM, Chiosis G, Li Y, Josephson L, Grimm J. Author Correction: Environment-responsive nanophores for therapy and treatment monitoring via molecular MRI quenching. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1867. [PMID: 31000704 PMCID: PMC6472343 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This Article contains an error in Figure 6. In panel b, the left-hand image is mistakenly described as showing fluorescence before treatment, while it in fact shows the same white light image as the right-hand panel without fluorescent overlay to better visualize the tumour location. A correct version of Figure 6b is presented in the accompanying Author Correction. The error has not been corrected in the original version of the Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Kaittanis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York, 10065, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Graduate Center, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Anuja Ogirala
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Santimukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway Street, Pittsburg, Kansas, 66762, USA
| | - J Manuel Perez
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida, 32826, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Yueming Li
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York, 10065, USA.
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9
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Pratt EC, Shaffer TM, Zhang Q, Drain CM, Grimm J. Nanoparticles as multimodal photon transducers of ionizing radiation. Nat Nanotechnol 2018; 13:418-426. [PMID: 29581551 PMCID: PMC5973484 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In biomedical imaging, nanoparticles combined with radionuclides that generate Cerenkov luminescence are used in diagnostic imaging, photon-induced therapies and as activatable probes. In these applications, the nanoparticle is often viewed as a carrier inert to ionizing radiation from the radionuclide. However, certain phenomena such as enhanced nanoparticle luminescence and generation of reactive oxygen species cannot be completely explained by Cerenkov luminescence interactions with nanoparticles. Herein, we report methods to examine the mechanisms of nanoparticle excitation by radionuclides, including interactions with Cerenkov luminescence, β particles and γ radiation. We demonstrate that β-scintillation contributes appreciably to excitation and reactivity in certain nanoparticle systems, and that excitation by radionuclides of nanoparticles composed of large atomic number atoms generates X-rays, enabling multiplexed imaging through single photon emission computed tomography. These findings demonstrate practical optical imaging and therapy using radionuclides with emission energies below the Cerenkov threshold, thereby expanding the list of applicable radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C Pratt
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qize Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Silverman JR, Zhang Q, Pramanik NB, Samateh M, Shaffer TM, Sagiri SS, Grimm J, John G. Radiation-Responsive Esculin-Derived Molecular Gels as Signal Enhancers for Optical Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:43197-43204. [PMID: 29135224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent interest in detecting visible photons that emanate from interactions of ionizing radiation (IR) with matter has spurred the development of multifunctional materials that amplify the optical signal from radiotracers. Tailored stimuli-responsive systems may be paired with diagnostic radionuclides to improve surgical guidance and aid in detecting therapeutic radionuclides otherwise difficult to image with conventional nuclear medicine approaches. Because light emanating from these interactions is typically low in intensity and blue-weighted (i.e., greatly scattered and absorbed in vivo), it is imperative to increase or shift the photon flux for improved detection. To address this challenge, a gel that is both scintillating and fluorescent is used to enhance the optical photon output in image mapping for cancer imaging. Tailoring biobased materials to synthesize thixotropic thermoreversible hydrogels (a minimum gelation concentration of 0.12 wt %) offers image-aiding systems which are not only functional but also potentially economical, safe, and environmentally friendly. These robust gels (0.66 wt %, ∼900 Pa) respond predictably to different types of IRs including β- and γ-emitters, resulting in a doubling of the detectable photon flux from these emitters. The synthesis and formulation of such a gel are explored with a focus on its physicochemical and mechanical properties, before being utilized to enhance the visible photon flux from a panel of radionuclides as detected. The possibility of developing a topical cream of this gel makes this system an attractive potential alternative to current techniques, and the multifunctionality of the gelator may serve to inspire future next-generation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Silverman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Doctoral Program in Chemistry, The City University of New York Graduate Center , 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Qize Zhang
- Doctoral Program in Chemistry, The City University of New York Graduate Center , 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nabendu B Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Malick Samateh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Doctoral Program in Chemistry, The City University of New York Graduate Center , 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Doctoral Program in Chemistry, The City University of New York Graduate Center , 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sai Sateesh Sagiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | | | - George John
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Doctoral Program in Chemistry, The City University of New York Graduate Center , 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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11
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Wall MA, Shaffer TM, Harmsen S, Tschaharganeh DF, Huang CH, Lowe SW, Drain CM, Kircher MF. Chelator-Free Radiolabeling of SERRS Nanoparticles for Whole-Body PET and Intraoperative Raman Imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:3068-3077. [PMID: 28839464 PMCID: PMC5566106 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A single contrast agent that offers whole-body non-invasive imaging along with the superior sensitivity and spatial resolution of surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) imaging would allow both pre-operative mapping and intraoperative imaging and thus be highly desirable. We hypothesized that labeling our recently reported ultrabright SERRS nanoparticles with a suitable radiotracer would enable pre-operative identification of regions of interest with whole body imaging that can be rapidly corroborated with a Raman imaging device or handheld Raman scanner in order to provide high precision guidance during surgical procedures. Here we present a straightforward new method that produces radiolabeled SERRS nanoparticles for combined positron emission tomography (PET)-SERRS tumor imaging without requiring the attachment of molecular chelators. We demonstrate the utility of these PET-SERRS nanoparticles in several proof-of-concept studies including lymph node (LN) tracking, intraoperative guidance for LN resection, and cancer imaging after intravenous injection. We anticipate that the radiolabeling method presented herein can be applied generally to nanoparticle substrates of various materials by first coating them with a silica shell and then applying the chelator-free protocol.
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12
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Shaffer TM, Pratt EC, Grimm J. Utilizing the power of Cerenkov light with nanotechnology. Nat Nanotechnol 2017; 12:106-117. [PMID: 28167827 PMCID: PMC5540309 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic blue glow of Cerenkov luminescence (CL) arises from the interaction between a charged particle travelling faster than the phase velocity of light and a dielectric medium, such as water or tissue. As CL emanates from a variety of sources, such as cosmic events, particle accelerators, nuclear reactors and clinical radionuclides, it has been used in applications such as particle detection, dosimetry, and medical imaging and therapy. The combination of CL and nanoparticles for biomedicine has improved diagnosis and therapy, especially in oncological research. Although radioactive decay itself cannot be easily modulated, the associated CL can be through the use of nanoparticles, thus offering new applications in biomedical research. Advances in nanoparticles, metamaterials and photonic crystals have also yielded new behaviours of CL. Here, we review the physics behind Cerenkov luminescence and associated applications in biomedicine. We also show that by combining advances in nanotechnology and materials science with CL, new avenues for basic and applied sciences have opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M. Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Edwin C. Pratt
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to J.G.
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13
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Zhao Y, Shaffer TM, Das S, Pérez-Medina C, Mulder WJM, Grimm J. Near-Infrared Quantum Dot and 89Zr Dual-Labeled Nanoparticles for in Vivo Cerenkov Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:600-608. [PMID: 28026929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerenkov luminescence (CL) is an emerging imaging modality that utilizes the light generated during the radioactive decay of many clinical used isotopes. Although it is increasingly used for background-free imaging and deep tissue photodynamic therapy, in vivo applications of CL suffer from limited tissue penetration. Here, we propose to use quantum dots (QDs) as spectral converters that can transfer the CL UV-blue emissions to near-infrared light that is less scattered or absorbed in vivo. Experiments on tissue phantoms showed enhanced penetration depth and increased transmitted intensity for CL in the presence of near-infrared (NIR) QDs. To realize this concept for in vivo imaging applications, we developed three types of NIR QDs and 89Zr dual-labeled nanoparticles based on lipid micelles, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoplatforms, which enable codelivery of the radionuclide and the QDs for maximized spectral conversion efficiency. We finally demonstrated the application of these self-illuminating nanoparticles for imaging of lymph nodes and tumors in a prostate cancer mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhao
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Grimm
- Pharmacology Program & Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University , New York, New York 10065, United States
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14
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Pratt EC, Shaffer TM, Grimm J. Nanoparticles and radiotracers: advances toward radionanomedicine. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016; 8:872-890. [PMID: 27006133 PMCID: PMC5035177 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we cover the convergence of radiochemistry for imaging and therapy with advances in nanoparticle (NP) design for biomedical applications. We first explore NP properties relevant for therapy and theranostics and emphasize the need for biocompatibility. We then explore radionuclide-imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and Cerenkov luminescence (CL) with examples utilizing radiolabeled NP for imaging. PET and SPECT have served as diagnostic workhorses in the clinic, while preclinical NP design examples of multimodal imaging with radiotracers show promise in imaging and therapy. CL expands the types of radionuclides beyond PET and SPECT tracers to include high-energy electrons (β- ) for imaging purposes. These advances in radionanomedicine will be discussed, showing the potential for radiolabeled NPs as theranostic agents. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:872-890. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1402 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C Pratt
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Nuclear medicine uses ionizing radiation for both in vivo diagnosis and therapy. Ionizing radiation comes from a variety of sources, including x-rays, beam therapy, brachytherapy, and various injected radionuclides. Although PET and SPECT remain clinical mainstays, optical readouts of ionizing radiation offer numerous benefits and complement these standard techniques. Furthermore, for ionizing radiation sources that cannot be imaged using these standard techniques, optical imaging offers a unique imaging alternative. This article reviews optical imaging of both radionuclide- and beam-based ionizing radiation from high-energy photons and charged particles through mechanisms including radioluminescence, Cerenkov luminescence, and scintillation. Therapeutically, these visible photons have been combined with photodynamic therapeutic agents preclinically for increasing therapeutic response at depths difficult to reach with external light sources. Last, new microscopy methods that allow single-cell optical imaging of radionuclides are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center of City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center of City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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16
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Abstract
Nanoparticles labeled with radiometals enable whole-body nuclear imaging and therapy. Though chelating agents are commonly used to radiolabel biomolecules, nanoparticles offer the advantage of attaching a radiometal directly to the nanoparticle itself without the need of such agents. We previously demonstrated that direct radiolabeling of silica nanoparticles with hard, oxophilic ions, such as the positron emitters zirconium-89 and gallium-68, is remarkably efficient. However, softer radiometals, such as the widely employed copper-64, do not stably bind to the silica matrix and quickly dissociate under physiological conditions. Here, we overcome this limitation through the use of silica nanoparticles functionalized with a soft electron-donating thiol group to allow stable attachment of copper-64. This approach significantly improves the stability of copper-64 labeled thiol-functionalized silica nanoparticles relative to native silica nanoparticles, thereby enabling in vivo PET imaging, and may be translated to other softer radiometals with affinity for sulfur. The presented approach expands the application of silica nanoparticles as a platform for facile radiolabeling with both hard and soft radiometal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M. Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Stefan Harmsen
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Emaad Khwaja
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Moritz F. Kircher
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging & Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging & Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
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17
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Büchel GE, Carney B, Shaffer TM, Tang J, Austin C, Arora M, Zeglis BM, Grimm J, Eppinger J, Reiner T. Near-Infrared Intraoperative Chemiluminescence Imaging. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1978-82. [PMID: 27471800 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intraoperative imaging technologies recently entered the operating room, and their implementation is revolutionizing how physicians plan, monitor, and perform surgical interventions. In this work, we present a novel surgical imaging reporter system: intraoperative chemiluminescence imaging (ICI). To this end, we have leveraged the ability of a chemiluminescent metal complex to generate near-infrared light upon exposure to an aqueous solution of Ce(4+) in the presence of reducing tissue or blood components. An optical camera spatially resolves the resulting photon flux. We describe the construction and application of a prototype imaging setup, which achieves a detection limit as low as 6.9 pmol cm(-2) of the transition-metal-based ICI agent. As a proof of concept, we use ICI for the in vivo detection of our transition metal tracer following both systemic and subdermal injections. The very high signal-to-noise ratios make ICI an interesting candidate for the development of new intraoperative imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Büchel
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUSTCatalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brandon Carney
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Program of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUSTCatalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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18
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Kaittanis C, Shaffer TM, Bolaender A, Appelbaum Z, Appelbaum J, Chiosis G, Grimm J. Multifunctional MRI/PET Nanobeacons Derived from the in Situ Self-Assembly of Translational Polymers and Clinical Cargo through Coalescent Intermolecular Forces. Nano Lett 2015; 15:8032-43. [PMID: 26540670 PMCID: PMC4703344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Novel multifunctional platforms are needed for oncology in order to assist physicians during surgery and chemotherapy. In the present study, we show that polymeric nanobeacons, consisting of the glucose-based polymer dextran, can be used to guide surgery and improve drug delivery. For imaging, the nanobeacons stably retained the positron emitter 89-zirconium and the MRI contrast agent gadolinium, without the need of a chelator. In addition to using them for PET imaging, the (89)Zr-nanobeacons guided the surgical resection of sentinel lymph nodes, utilizing their inherent Cerenkov luminescence. Through weak electrostatic interactions, the nanoparticles carried combinations of chemotherapeutics for the simultaneous inhibition of oncogenic pathways, resulting in enhanced tumor regression. The nanobeacons also allowed monitoring of drug release via MRI, through the quenching of the gadolinium signal by the coloaded drug, making them a new multifunctional theranostic nanotechnology platform for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Kaittanis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Travis M. Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Alexander Bolaender
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Zachary Appelbaum
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jeremy Appelbaum
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
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19
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Kaittanis C, Shaffer TM, Thorek DLJ, Grimm J. Dawn of advanced molecular medicine: nanotechnological advancements in cancer imaging and therapy. Crit Rev Oncog 2014; 19:143-76. [PMID: 25271430 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2014011601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology plays an increasingly important role not only in our everyday life (with all its benefits and dangers) but also in medicine. Nanoparticles are to date the most intriguing option to deliver high concentrations of agents specifically and directly to cancer cells; therefore, a wide variety of these nanomaterials has been developed and explored. These span the range from simple nanoagents to sophisticated smart devices for drug delivery or imaging. Nanomaterials usually provide a large surface area, allowing for decoration with a large amount of moieties on the surface for either additional functionalities or targeting. Besides using particles solely for imaging purposes, they can also carry as a payload a therapeutic agent. If both are combined within the same particle, a theranostic agent is created. The sophistication of highly developed nanotechnology targeting approaches provides a promising means for many clinical implementations and can provide improved applications for otherwise suboptimal formulations. In this review we will explore nanotechnology both for imaging and therapy to provide a general overview of the field and its impact on cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Kaittanis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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20
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Kaittanis C, Shaffer TM, Ogirala A, Santra S, Perez JM, Chiosis G, Li Y, Josephson L, Grimm J. Environment-responsive nanophores for therapy and treatment monitoring via molecular MRI quenching. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3384. [PMID: 24594970 PMCID: PMC4108301 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective delivery of therapeutics to disease sites significantly contributes to drug efficacy, toxicity and clearance. Here we demonstrate that clinically approved iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxytol) can be utilized to carry one or multiple drugs. These so called ‘nanophores’ retain their cargo within their polymeric coating through weak electrostatic interactions and release it in slightly acidic conditions (pH 6.8 and below). The loading of drugs increases the nanophores’ transverse T2 and longitudinal T1 NMR proton relaxation times, which is proportional to amount of carried cargo. Chemotherapy with translational nanophores is more effective than the free drug in vitro and in vivo, without subjecting the drugs or the carrier nanoparticle to any chemical modification. Evaluation of cargo incorporation and payload levels in vitro and in vivo can be assessed via benchtop magnetic relaxometers, common NMR instruments or MRI scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Kaittanis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- 1] Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Graduate Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Anuja Ogirala
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Santimukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway Street, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
| | - J Manuel Perez
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yueming Li
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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