1
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Acevedo-Canabal A, Grim TW, Schmid CL, McFague N, Stahl EL, Kennedy NM, Bannister TD, Bohn LM. Hyperactivity in Mice Induced by Opioid Agonists with Partial Intrinsic Efficacy and Biased Agonism Administered Alone and in Combination with Morphine. Biomolecules 2023; 13:935. [PMID: 37371516 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid analgesics such as morphine and fentanyl induce mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated hyperactivity in mice. Herein, we show that morphine, fentanyl, SR-17018, and oliceridine have submaximal intrinsic efficacy in the mouse striatum using 35S-GTPγS binding assays. While all of the agonists act as partial agonists for stimulating G protein coupling in striatum, morphine, fentanyl, and oliceridine are fully efficacious in stimulating locomotor activity; meanwhile, the noncompetitive biased agonists SR-17018 and SR-15099 produce submaximal hyperactivity. Moreover, the combination of SR-17018 and morphine attenuates hyperactivity while antinociceptive efficacy is increased. The combination of oliceridine with morphine increases hyperactivity, which is maintained over time. These findings provide evidence that noncompetitive agonists at MOR can be used to suppress morphine-induced hyperactivity while enhancing antinociceptive efficacy; moreover, they demonstrate that intrinsic efficacy measured at the receptor level is not directly proportional to drug efficacy in the locomotor activity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Acevedo-Canabal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Travis W Grim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Cullen L Schmid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nina McFague
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Edward L Stahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nicole M Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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2
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Jiang S, Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas C, Tong F, Brust CA, Keenan CM, Raghav JG, Hua T, Wu S, Ho JH, Wu Y, Grim TW, Zvonok N, Thakur GA, Liu ZJ, Sharkey KA, Bohn LM, Nikas SP, Makriyannis A. Novel Functionalized Cannabinoid Receptor Probes: Development of Exceptionally Potent Agonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3870-3884. [PMID: 33761251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of novel cannabinergic probes that can stabilize the cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) through tight binding interactions. Ligand design involves the introduction of select groups at a judiciously chosen position within the classical hexahydrocannabinol template (monofunctionalized probes). Such groups include the electrophilic isothiocyanato, the photoactivatable azido, and the polar cyano moieties. These groups can also be combined to produce bifunctionalized probes potentially capable of interacting at two distinct sites within the CBR-binding domains. These novel compounds display remarkably high binding affinities for CBRs and are exceptionally potent agonists. A key ligand (27a, AM11245) exhibits exceptionally high potency in both in vitro and in vivo assays and was designated as "megagonist," a property attributed to its tight binding profile. By acting both centrally and peripherally, 27a distinguishes itself from our previously reported "megagonist" AM841, whose functions are restricted to the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christina A Brust
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Catherine M Keenan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Jo-Hao Ho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Travis W Grim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | | | | | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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3
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Pantouli F, Grim TW, Schmid CL, Acevedo-Canabal A, Kennedy NM, Cameron MD, Bannister TD, Bohn LM. Comparison of morphine, oxycodone and the biased MOR agonist SR-17018 for tolerance and efficacy in mouse models of pain. Neuropharmacology 2021; 185:108439. [PMID: 33345829 PMCID: PMC7887086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mu opioid receptor-selective agonist, SR-17018, preferentially activates GTPγS binding over βarrestin2 recruitment in cellular assays, thereby demonstrating signaling bias. In mice, SR-17018 stimulates GTPγS binding in brainstem and produces antinociception with potencies similar to morphine. However, it produces much less respiratory suppression and mice do not develop antinociceptive tolerance in the hot plate assay upon repeated dosing. Herein we evaluate the effects of acute and repeated dosing of SR-17018, oxycodone and morphine in additional models of pain-related behaviors. In the mouse warm water tail immersion assay, an assessment of spinal reflex to thermal nociception, repeated administration of SR-17018 produces tolerance as does morphine and oxycodone. SR-17018 retains efficacy in a formalin-induced inflammatory pain model upon repeated dosing, while oxycodone does not. In a chemotherapeutic-induced neuropathy pain model SR-17018 is more potent and efficacious than morphine or oxycodone, moreover, this efficacy is retained upon repeated dosing of SR-17018. These findings demonstrate that, with the exception of the tail flick test, SR-17018 retains efficacy upon chronic treatment across several pain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Pantouli
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Travis W Grim
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Cullen L Schmid
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Agnes Acevedo-Canabal
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Nicole M Kennedy
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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4
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Hua T, Li X, Wu L, Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas C, Wang Y, Wu M, Shen L, Brust CA, Nikas SP, Song F, Song X, Yuan S, Sun Q, Wu Y, Jiang S, Grim TW, Benchama O, Stahl EL, Zvonok N, Zhao S, Bohn LM, Makriyannis A, Liu ZJ. Activation and Signaling Mechanism Revealed by Cannabinoid Receptor-G i Complex Structures. Cell 2020; 180:655-665.e18. [PMID: 32004463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human endocannabinoid systems modulate multiple physiological processes mainly through the activation of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Their high sequence similarity, low agonist selectivity, and lack of activation and G protein-coupling knowledge have hindered the development of therapeutic applications. Importantly, missing structural information has significantly held back the development of promising CB2-selective agonist drugs for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain without the psychoactivity of CB1. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy structures of synthetic cannabinoid-bound CB2 and CB1 in complex with Gi, as well as agonist-bound CB2 crystal structure. Of important scientific and therapeutic benefit, our results reveal a diverse activation and signaling mechanism, the structural basis of CB2-selective agonists design, and the unexpected interaction of cholesterol with CB1, suggestive of its endogenous allosteric modulating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Xiaoting Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Yuxia Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Meng Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ling Shen
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Christina A Brust
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Song
- School of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiyong Song
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- The Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Travis W Grim
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Othman Benchama
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward L Stahl
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nikolai Zvonok
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
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5
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Abstract
The mu opioid receptor (MOR) is a diversely regulated target for the alleviation of pain in the clinical setting. However, untoward side effects such as tolerance, dependence, respiratory suppression, constipation, and abuse liability detract from the general activation of these receptors. Studies in genetically modified rodent models suggest that activating G protein signaling pathways while avoiding phosphorylation of the receptor or recruitment of β-arrestin scaffolding proteins could preserve the analgesic properties of MOR agonists while avoiding certain side effects. With the development of novel MOR "biased" agonists, which lead to preferential activation of G protein pathways over receptor phosphorylation, internalization, or interaction with other effectors, this hypothesis can be tested in a native, physiological setting. Overall, it is clear that the MOR is not a simple on-off switch and that the diverse means by which the receptor can be regulated may present an opportunity to refine therapeutics for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W Grim
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, the Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Agnes Acevedo-Canabal
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, the Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, the Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida.
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6
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Grim TW, Schmid CL, Stahl EL, Pantouli F, Ho JH, Acevedo-Canabal A, Kennedy NM, Cameron MD, Bannister TD, Bohn LM. A G protein signaling-biased agonist at the μ-opioid receptor reverses morphine tolerance while preventing morphine withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:416-425. [PMID: 31443104 PMCID: PMC6901606 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that opioid agonists that preferentially act at μ-opioid receptors to activate G protein signaling over βarrestin2 recruitment produce antinociception with less respiratory suppression. However, most of the adverse effects associated with opioid therapeutics are realized after extended dosing. Therefore, we tested the onset of tolerance and dependence, and assessed for neurochemical changes associated with prolonged treatment with the biased agonist SR-17018. When chronically administered to mice, SR-17018 does not lead to hot plate antinociceptive tolerance, receptor desensitization in periaqueductal gray, nor a super-sensitization of adenylyl cyclase in the striatum, which are hallmarks of opioid neuronal adaptations that are seen with morphine. Interestingly, substitution with SR-17018 in morphine-tolerant mice restores morphine potency and efficacy, whereas the onset of opioid withdrawal is prevented. This is in contrast to buprenorphine, which can suppress withdrawal, but produces and maintains morphine antinociceptive tolerance. Biased agonists of this nature may therefore be useful for the treatment of opioid dependence while restoring opioid antinociceptive sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W. Grim
- 0000000122199231grid.214007.0Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Cullen L. Schmid
- 0000000122199231grid.214007.0Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Edward L. Stahl
- 0000000122199231grid.214007.0Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Fani Pantouli
- 0000000122199231grid.214007.0Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Jo-Hao Ho
- 0000000122199231grid.214007.0Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Agnes Acevedo-Canabal
- 0000000122199231grid.214007.0Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Nicole M. Kennedy
- 0000000122199231grid.214007.0Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- 0000000122199231grid.214007.0Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Thomas D. Bannister
- 0000000122199231grid.214007.0Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Laura M. Bohn
- 0000000122199231grid.214007.0Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL USA
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7
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Laprairie RB, Vemuri K, Stahl EL, Korde A, Ho JH, Grim TW, Hua T, Wu Y, Stevens RC, Liu ZJ, Makriyannis A, Bohn LM. Probing the CB 1 Cannabinoid Receptor Binding Pocket with AM6538, a High-Affinity Irreversible Antagonist. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:619-628. [PMID: 31515283 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pain, obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders, and addiction. The crystal structure of human CB1 has been determined in complex with the stabilizing antagonist AM6538. In the present study, we characterize AM6538 as a tight-binding/irreversible antagonist of CB1, as well as two derivatives of AM6538 (AM4112 and AM6542) as slowly dissociating CB1 antagonists across binding simulations and cellular signaling assays. The long-lasting nature of AM6538 was explored in vivo wherein AM6538 continues to block CP55,940-mediated behaviors in mice up to 5 days after a single injection. In contrast, the effects of SR141716A abate in mice 2 days after injection. These studies demonstrate the functional outcome of CB1 antagonist modification and open the path for development of long-lasting CB1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Laprairie
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Kiran Vemuri
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Edward L Stahl
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Anisha Korde
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Jo-Hao Ho
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Travis W Grim
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Tian Hua
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Yiran Wu
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (R.B.L., E.L.S., J.-H.H., T.W.G., L.M.B.); Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (K.V., A.K., A.M.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H., Y.W., Z.-J.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (R.C.S.)
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8
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Schwienteck KL, Faunce KE, Rice KC, Obeng S, Zhang Y, Blough BE, Grim TW, Negus SS, Banks ML. Effectiveness comparisons of G-protein biased and unbiased mu opioid receptor ligands in warm water tail-withdrawal and drug discrimination in male and female rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 150:200-209. [PMID: 30660628 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One emerging strategy to address the opioid crisis is the development of mu opioid receptor (MOR) ligands that preferentially signal the G-protein vs. β-arrestin pathway. The present study compared the relative potency and effectiveness of two G-protein biased (GPB)-MOR ligands TRV130 and SR-14968 to five unbiased MOR ligands (NAQ, nalbuphine, buprenorphine, morphine, and methadone) on therapeutic-related (e.g. antinociception) and abuse-related (e.g. discriminative stimulus effects) endpoints. Male and female rats were tested in a warm water tail-withdrawal procedure (50 °C) or trained to discriminate fentanyl (0.04 mg/kg, SC) from saline in a two-lever food-reinforced discrimination procedure. TRV130 and SR-14968 were approximately two-fold more potent to produce fentanyl stimulus effects vs. antinociception. Morphine, fentanyl, and methadone were significantly more potent in the fentanyl discrimination vs. tail withdrawal procedure. In addition, maximum antinociceptive and discriminative stimulus effects of fixed-proportion fentanyl/naltrexone mixtures (1:0.018, 1:0.054, 1:0.18, 1:0.3, and 1:0.54) were used to quantify 1) the relative in vivo efficacy of the two GPB-MOR agonists and five unbiased MOR ligands, and 2) potential species differences in MOR ligand effects between rats and monkeys. The efficacy-effect function generated from the fentanyl/naltrexone mixtures stratified the five unbiased ligands consistent with agonist-stimulated GTPγS binding (NAQ = nalbuphine < buprenorphine < morphine < methadone). However, TRV130 and SR-14968 produced greater antinociception and less fentanyl-like stimulus effects than was predicted. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between rat and monkey antinociceptive effects. Overall, these results demonstrate GPB-MOR agonists produce undesirable abuse-related effects, albeit with slightly better potency and efficacy ratios compared to unbiased agonists. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Opioid Neuropharmacology: Advances in treating pain and opioid addiction'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Schwienteck
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kaycee E Faunce
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, NIDA and NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Obeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bruce E Blough
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Travis W Grim
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - S Stevens Negus
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Matthew L Banks
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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9
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Grim TW, Jinhong Park S, Schmid CL, Laprairie RB, Cameron M, Bohn LM. The effect of quinine in two bottle choice procedures in C57BL6 mice: Opioid preference, somatic withdrawal, and pharmacokinetic outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 191:195-202. [PMID: 30138791 PMCID: PMC6317844 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports assessing morphine effects in two bottle choice (TBC) paradigms often use taste adulterants such as sweeteners (e.g., saccharin) and/or bitterants (e.g., quinine) to demonstrate morphine preference with C57BL6 mice. The effect of these additional components on the morphine preference of C57BL6 remains poorly understood. Thus, we sought to elucidate the interrelationship of morphine and quinine in the TBC paradigm. As expected, when morphine was included in the opposite bottle from quinine, a preference for the morphine solution was observed. Conversely, when quinine was included in each bottle, or when fentanyl without quinine was used, no preference was observed. All opioid-drinking mice displayed withdrawal signs, and morphine was detectable in plasma and brain. When these results were compared to previous results via conversion to quinine preference scores, quinine was revealed to determine largely the measured morphine preference. Thus, quinine is effective to drive morphine consumption and engender dependence but may confound the ability to measure oral abuse liability of morphine. Together, these results suggest future TBC procedures should consider the effect of quinine upon measured preference for compounds in the opposite bottle, and that excessively high quinine concentrations appear to influence preference more so than the opposite solute when using C57BL6 mice. Alternative conditions to assess oral abuse liability may be necessary to complement and confirm results from TBC experiments utilizing morphine or other opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W Grim
- The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
| | | | - Cullen L. Schmid
- The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA
| | | | - Michael Cameron
- The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
| | - Laura M. Bohn
- The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA
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10
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Wilkerson JL, Donvito G, Grim TW, Abdullah RA, Ogasawara D, Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH. Investigation of Diacylglycerol Lipase Alpha Inhibition in the Mouse Lipopolysaccharide Inflammatory Pain Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:394-401. [PMID: 28970359 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.243808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) α and β, the major biosynthetic enzymes of the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), are highly expressed in the nervous system and immune system, respectively. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of DAGL-β protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in mouse peritoneal macrophages and reverses LPS-induced allodynia in mice. To gain insight into the contribution of DAGL-α in LPS-induced allodynia, we tested global knockout mice as well as DO34, a dual DAGL-α/β inhibitor. Intraperitoneal administration of DO34 (30 mg/kg) significantly decreased whole-brain levels of 2-AG (∼83%), anandamide (∼42%), and arachidonic acid (∼58%). DO34 dose-dependently reversed mechanical and cold allodynia, and these antinociceptive effects did not undergo tolerance after 6 days of repeated administration. In contrast, DO34 lacked acute thermal antinociceptive, motor, and hypothermal pharmacological effects in naive mice. As previously reported, DAGL-β (-/-) mice displayed a protective phenotype from LPS-induced allodynia. However, DAGL-α (-/-) mice showed full allodynic responses, similar to their wild-type littermates. Interestingly, DO34 (30 mg/kg) fully reversed LPS-induced allodynia in DAGL-α (+/+) and (-/-) mice, but did not affect the antinociceptive phenotype of DAGL-β (-/-) mice in this model, indicating a DAGL-α-independent site of action. These findings suggest that DAGL-α and DAGL-β play distinct roles in LPS-induced nociception. Whereas DAGL-α appears to be dispensable for the development and expression of LPS-induced nociception, DAGL-β inhibition represents a promising strategy to treat inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Wilkerson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., G.D., T.W.G., R.A.A., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (D.O., B.F.C.)
| | - Giulia Donvito
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., G.D., T.W.G., R.A.A., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (D.O., B.F.C.)
| | - Travis W Grim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., G.D., T.W.G., R.A.A., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (D.O., B.F.C.)
| | - Rehab A Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., G.D., T.W.G., R.A.A., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (D.O., B.F.C.)
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., G.D., T.W.G., R.A.A., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (D.O., B.F.C.)
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., G.D., T.W.G., R.A.A., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (D.O., B.F.C.)
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., G.D., T.W.G., R.A.A., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (D.O., B.F.C.)
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11
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Grim TW, Morales AJ, Thomas BF, Wiley JL, Endres GW, Negus SS, Lichtman AH. Apparent CB 1 Receptor Rimonabant Affinity Estimates: Combination with THC and Synthetic Cannabinoids in the Mouse In Vivo Triad Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:210-218. [PMID: 28442584 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.240192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) represent an emerging class of abused drugs associated with psychiatric complications and other substantial health risks. These ligands are largely sold over the internet for human consumption, presumably because of their high cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) affinity and their potency in eliciting pharmacological effects similar to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as circumventing laws illegalizing this plant. Factors potentially contributing to the increased prevalence of SC abuse and related hospitalizations, such as increased CB1R efficacy and non-CB1R targets, highlight the need for quantitative pharmacological analyses to determine receptor mediation of the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids. Accordingly, the present study used pA2 and pKB analyses for quantitative determination of CB1R mediation in which we utilized the CB1R-selective inverse agonist/antagonist rimonabant to elicit rightward shifts in the dose-response curves of five SCs (i.e., A-834,735D; WIN55,212-2; CP55,950; JWH-073; and CP47,497) and THC in producing common cannabimimetic effects (i.e., catalepsy, antinociception, and hypothermia). The results revealed overall similarity of pA2 and pKB values for these compounds and suggest that CB1Rs, and not other pharmacological targets, largely mediated the central pharmacological effects of SCs. More generally, affinity estimation offers a powerful pharmacological approach to assess potential receptor heterogeneity subserving in vivo pharmacological effects of SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Grim
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (B.F.T., J.L.W.); and PinPoint Testing, LLC, AR (G.W.E.)
| | - A J Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (B.F.T., J.L.W.); and PinPoint Testing, LLC, AR (G.W.E.)
| | - B F Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (B.F.T., J.L.W.); and PinPoint Testing, LLC, AR (G.W.E.)
| | - J L Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (B.F.T., J.L.W.); and PinPoint Testing, LLC, AR (G.W.E.)
| | - G W Endres
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (B.F.T., J.L.W.); and PinPoint Testing, LLC, AR (G.W.E.)
| | - S S Negus
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (B.F.T., J.L.W.); and PinPoint Testing, LLC, AR (G.W.E.)
| | - A H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (B.F.T., J.L.W.); and PinPoint Testing, LLC, AR (G.W.E.)
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12
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Soethoudt M, Grether U, Fingerle J, Grim TW, Fezza F, de Petrocellis L, Ullmer C, Rothenhäusler B, Perret C, van Gils N, Finlay D, MacDonald C, Chicca A, Gens MD, Stuart J, de Vries H, Mastrangelo N, Xia L, Alachouzos G, Baggelaar MP, Martella A, Mock ED, Deng H, Heitman LH, Connor M, Di Marzo V, Gertsch J, Lichtman AH, Maccarrone M, Pacher P, Glass M, van der Stelt M. Cannabinoid CB 2 receptor ligand profiling reveals biased signalling and off-target activity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13958. [PMID: 28045021 PMCID: PMC5216056 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) represents a promising therapeutic target for various forms of tissue injury and inflammatory diseases. Although numerous compounds have been developed and widely used to target CB2R, their selectivity, molecular mode of action and pharmacokinetic properties have been poorly characterized. Here we report the most extensive characterization of the molecular pharmacology of the most widely used CB2R ligands to date. In a collaborative effort between multiple academic and industry laboratories, we identify marked differences in the ability of certain agonists to activate distinct signalling pathways and to cause off-target effects. We reach a consensus that HU910, HU308 and JWH133 are the recommended selective CB2R agonists to study the role of CB2R in biological and disease processes. We believe that our unique approach would be highly suitable for the characterization of other therapeutic targets in drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Soethoudt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Grether
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Grenzachterstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Fingerle
- Department of Biochemistry, NMI, University Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, Reutlingen 72770, Germany
| | - Travis W. Grim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0613, USA
| | - Filomena Fezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso del Fiorano 65, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Luciano de Petrocellis
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Grenzachterstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Benno Rothenhäusler
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Grenzachterstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Camille Perret
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Grenzachterstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Noortje van Gils
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - David Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Christa MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Marianela Dalghi Gens
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Jordyn Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Henk de Vries
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolina Mastrangelo
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Lizi Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Marc P. Baggelaar
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Martella
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Elliot D. Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Aron H. Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0613, USA
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso del Fiorano 65, Rome 00143, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute of Health/NIAAA, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
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13
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Grim TW, Morales AJ, Gonek MM, Wiley JL, Thomas BF, Endres GW, Sim-Selley LJ, Selley DE, Negus SS, Lichtman AH. Stratification of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor (CB1R) Agonist Efficacy: Manipulation of CB1R Density through Use of Transgenic Mice Reveals Congruence between In Vivo and In Vitro Assays. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 359:329-339. [PMID: 27535976 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are an emerging class of abused drugs that differ from each other and the phytocannabinoid ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in their safety and cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) pharmacology. As efficacy represents a critical parameter to understanding drug action, the present study investigated this metric by assessing in vivo and in vitro actions of THC, two well-characterized SCs (WIN55,212-2 and CP55,940), and three abused SCs (JWH-073, CP47,497, and A-834,735-D) in CB1 (+/+), (+/-), and (-/-) mice. All drugs produced maximal cannabimimetic in vivo effects (catalepsy, hypothermia, antinociception) in CB1 (+/+) mice, but these actions were essentially eliminated in CB1 (-/-) mice, indicating a CB1R mechanism of action. CB1R efficacy was inferred by comparing potencies between CB1 (+/+) and (+/-) mice [+/+ ED50 /+/- ED50], the latter of which has a 50% reduction of CB1Rs (i.e., decreased receptor reserve). Notably, CB1 (+/-) mice displayed profound rightward and downward shifts in the antinociception and hypothermia dose-response curves of low-efficacy compared with high-efficacy cannabinoids. In vitro efficacy, quantified using agonist-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding in spinal cord tissue, significantly correlated with the relative efficacies of antinociception (r = 0.87) and hypothermia (r = 0.94) in CB1 (+/-) mice relative to CB1 (+/+) mice. Conversely, drug potencies for cataleptic effects did not differ between these genotypes and did not correlate with the in vitro efficacy measure. These results suggest that evaluation of antinociception and hypothermia in CB1 transgenic mice offers a useful in vivo approach to determine CB1R selectivity and efficacy of emerging SCs, which shows strong congruence with in vitro efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Grim
- Virginia Commonwealth University-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., M.M.G., L.J.S.-S., D.E.S., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W., B.F.T.); Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (G.W.E.)
| | - A J Morales
- Virginia Commonwealth University-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., M.M.G., L.J.S.-S., D.E.S., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W., B.F.T.); Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (G.W.E.)
| | - M M Gonek
- Virginia Commonwealth University-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., M.M.G., L.J.S.-S., D.E.S., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W., B.F.T.); Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (G.W.E.)
| | - J L Wiley
- Virginia Commonwealth University-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., M.M.G., L.J.S.-S., D.E.S., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W., B.F.T.); Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (G.W.E.)
| | - B F Thomas
- Virginia Commonwealth University-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., M.M.G., L.J.S.-S., D.E.S., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W., B.F.T.); Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (G.W.E.)
| | - G W Endres
- Virginia Commonwealth University-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., M.M.G., L.J.S.-S., D.E.S., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W., B.F.T.); Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (G.W.E.)
| | - L J Sim-Selley
- Virginia Commonwealth University-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., M.M.G., L.J.S.-S., D.E.S., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W., B.F.T.); Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (G.W.E.)
| | - D E Selley
- Virginia Commonwealth University-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., M.M.G., L.J.S.-S., D.E.S., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W., B.F.T.); Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (G.W.E.)
| | - S S Negus
- Virginia Commonwealth University-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., M.M.G., L.J.S.-S., D.E.S., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W., B.F.T.); Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (G.W.E.)
| | - A H Lichtman
- Virginia Commonwealth University-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, Virginia (T.W.G., A.J.M., M.M.G., L.J.S.-S., D.E.S., S.S.N., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W., B.F.T.); Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (G.W.E.)
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14
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Grim TW, Samano KL, Ignatowska-Jankowska B, Tao Q, Sim-Selly LJ, Selley DE, Wise LE, Poklis A, Lichtman AH. Pharmacological characterization of repeated administration of the first generation abused synthetic cannabinoid CP47,497. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 27:217-28. [PMID: 27149200 PMCID: PMC5644386 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of in vivo and in vitro assays were conducted to characterize the pharmacological effects of the first generation abused synthetic cannabinoid CP47,497, a racemic bicyclic cannabinoid that is similar in structure to the potent, high-efficacy synthetic cannabinoid CP55,940. CP47,497 was less efficacious than CP55,940 in activating G-proteins and dose-dependently produced common CB1 receptor-dependent pharmacological effects (i.e. catalepsy, hypothermia, antinociception, and hypolocomotion). CP47,497 also substituted for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the mouse drug discrimination, indicating that both drugs elicited a similar interceptive stimulus. The pharmacological effects of CP47,497 underwent tolerance following repeated administration and showed cross-tolerance following repeated THC administration, further suggesting a common cannabimimetic mechanism of action. Finally, the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant precipitated similar magnitudes of somatic withdrawal responses in mice treated repeatedly with THC or CP47,497. Taken together, these data verify the acute cannabimimetic effects of CP47,497, and indicate tolerance and dependence following repeated administration. The assays used here provide a straightforward approach to characterize the emerging next generation of abused synthetic cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qing Tao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Laura J. Sim-Selly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dana E. Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Laura E. Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alphonse Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; and Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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15
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Wilkerson JL, Niphakis MJ, Grim TW, Mustafa MA, Abdullah RA, Poklis JL, Dewey WL, Akbarali H, Banks ML, Wise LE, Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH. The Selective Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor MJN110 Produces Opioid-Sparing Effects in a Mouse Neuropathic Pain Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:145-56. [PMID: 26791602 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious clinical liabilities associated with the prescription of opiates for pain control include constipation, respiratory depression, pruritus, tolerance, abuse, and addiction. A recognized strategy to circumvent these side effects is to combine opioids with other antinociceptive agents. The combination of opiates with the primary active constituent of cannabis (Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol) produces enhanced antinociceptive actions, suggesting that cannabinoid receptor agonists can be opioid sparing. Here, we tested whether elevating the endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol through the inhibition of its primary hydrolytic enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), will produce opioid-sparing effects in the mouse chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve model of neuropathic pain. The dose-response relationships of i.p. administration of morphine and the selective MAGL inhibitor 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 4-(bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (MJN110) were tested alone and in combination at equieffective doses for reversal of CCI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. The respective ED50 doses (95% confidence interval) of morphine and MJN110 were 2.4 (1.9-3.0) mg/kg and 0.43 (0.23-0.79) mg/kg. Isobolographic analysis of these drugs in combination revealed synergistic antiallodynic effects. Acute antinociceptive effects of the combination of morphine and MJN110 required μ-opioid, CB1, and CB2 receptors. This combination did not reduce gastric motility or produce subjective cannabimimetic effects in the drug discrimination assay. Importantly, combinations of MJN110 and morphine given repeatedly (i.e., twice a day for 6 days) continued to produce antiallodynic effects with no evidence of tolerance. Taken together, these findings suggest that MAGL inhibition produces opiate-sparing events with diminished tolerance, constipation, and cannabimimetic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Wilkerson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - Micah J Niphakis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - Travis W Grim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - Mohammed A Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - Rehab A Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - Justin L Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - Hamid Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - Matthew L Banks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - Laura E Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.L.W., T.W.G., M.A.M., R.A.A., J.L.P., W.L.D., H.A., M.L.B., L.E.W., A.H.L.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.)
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Ghosh S, Kinsey SG, Liu QS, Hruba L, McMahon LR, Grim TW, Merritt CR, Wise LE, Abdullah RA, Selley DE, Sim-Selley LJ, Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH. Full Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibition Combined with Partial Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition: Augmented and Sustained Antinociceptive Effects with Reduced Cannabimimetic Side Effects in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:111-20. [PMID: 25998048 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.222851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) or monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the primary hydrolytic enzymes for the respective endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), produces antinociception but with minimal cannabimimetic side effects. Although selective inhibitors of either enzyme often show partial efficacy in various nociceptive models, their combined blockade elicits augmented antinociceptive effects, but side effects emerge. Moreover, complete and prolonged MAGL blockade leads to cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor functional tolerance, which represents another challenge in this potential therapeutic strategy. Therefore, the present study tested whether full FAAH inhibition combined with partial MAGL inhibition would produce sustained antinociceptive effects with minimal cannabimimetic side effects. Accordingly, we tested a high dose of the FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 (N-3-pyridinyl-4-[[3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenyl]methyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide; 10 mg/kg) given in combination with a low dose of the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 [4-nitrophenyl 4-(dibenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl(hydroxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate] (4 mg/kg) in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. This combination of inhibitors elicited profound increases in brain AEA levels (>10-fold) but only 2- to 3-fold increases in brain 2-AG levels. This combination produced significantly greater antinociceptive effects than single enzyme inhibition and did not elicit common cannabimimetic effects (e.g., catalepsy, hypomotility, hypothermia, and substitution for Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in the drug-discrimination assay), although these side effects emerged with high-dose JZL184 (i.e., 100 mg/kg). Finally, repeated administration of this combination did not lead to tolerance to its antiallodynic actions in the carrageenan assay or CB1 receptor functional tolerance. Thus, full FAAH inhibition combined with partial MAGL inhibition reduces neuropathic and inflammatory pain states with minimal cannabimimetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Steven G Kinsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Lenka Hruba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Lance R McMahon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Travis W Grim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Christina R Merritt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Laura E Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Rehab A Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Laura J Sim-Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
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Grim TW, Wiebelhaus JM, Negus SS, Lichtman AH, Lichtman AH. Effects of acute and repeated dosing of the synthetic cannabinoid CP55,940 on intracranial self-stimulation in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 150:31-7. [PMID: 25772438 PMCID: PMC4601922 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic cannabinoids have emerged as a significant public health concern. To increase the knowledge of how these molecules interact on brain reward processes, we investigated the effects of CP55,940, a high efficacy synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, in a frequency-rate intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure. METHODS The impact of acute and repeated administration (seven days) of CP55,940 on operant responding for electrical brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle was investigated in C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS CP55,940 attenuated ICSS in a dose-related fashion (ED50 (95% C.L.)=0.15 (0.12-0.18)mg/kg). This effect was blocked by the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant. Tolerance developed quickly, though not completely, to the rate-decreasing effects of CP55,940 (0.3mg/kg). Abrupt discontinuation of drug did not alter baseline responding for up to seven days. Moreover, rimonabant (10mg/kg) challenge did not alter ICSS responding in mice treated repeatedly with CP55,940. CONCLUSIONS The finding that CP55,940 reduced ICSS in mice with no evidence of facilitation at any dose is consistent with synthetic cannabinoid effects on ICSS in rats. CP55,940-induced ICSS depression was mediated through a CB1 receptor mechanism. Additionally, tolerance and dependence following repeated CP55,940 administration were dissociable. Thus, CP55,940 does not produce reward-like effects in ICSS under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980613, Richmond, 23298-0613, VA U.S.A
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Wiebelhaus JM, Grim TW, Owens RA, Lazenka MF, Sim-Selley LJ, Abdullah RA, Niphakis MJ, Vann RE, Cravatt BF, Wiley JL, Negus SS, Lichtman AH. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and endocannabinoid degradative enzyme inhibitors attenuate intracranial self-stimulation in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:195-207. [PMID: 25398241 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence implicates endogenous cannabinoids as modulators of the mesolimbic dopamine system and motivated behavior. Paradoxically, the reinforcing effects of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, have been difficult to detect in preclinical rodent models. In this study, we investigated the impact of THC and inhibitors of the endocannabinoid hydrolytic enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) on operant responding for electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle [intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS)], which is known to activate the mesolimbic dopamine system. These drugs were also tested in assays of operant responding for food reinforcement and spontaneous locomotor activity. THC and the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 (4-[bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)hydroxymethyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester) attenuated operant responding for ICSS and food, and also reduced spontaneous locomotor activity. In contrast, the FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 (N-3-pyridinyl-4-[[3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenyl]methyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide) was largely without effect in these assays. Consistent with previous studies showing that combined inhibition of FAAH and MAGL produces a substantially greater cannabimimetic profile than single enzyme inhibition, the dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor SA-57 (4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl ester) produced a similar magnitude of ICSS depression as that produced by THC. ICSS attenuation by JZL184 was associated with increased brain levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), whereas peak effects of SA-57 were associated with increased levels of both N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-AG. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 receptor antagonist rimonabant, but not the cannabinoid receptor type 2 receptor antagonist SR144528, blocked the attenuating effects of THC, JZL184, and SA-57 on ICSS. Thus, THC, MAGL inhibition, and dual FAAH-MAGL inhibition not only reduce ICSS, but also decrease other reinforced and nonreinforced behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Wiebelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - Travis W Grim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - Robert A Owens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - Matthew F Lazenka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - Laura J Sim-Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - Rehab A Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - Micah J Niphakis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - Robert E Vann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - Jenny L Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - S Stevens Negus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (J.M.W., T.W.G., R.A.O., M.F.L., L.J.S.-S., R.A.A., R.E.V., S.S.N., A.H.L.); Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N., B.F.C.); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.)
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19
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Grim TW, Ghosh S, Hsu KL, Cravatt BF, Kinsey SG, Lichtman AH. Combined inhibition of FAAH and COX produces enhanced anti-allodynic effects in mouse neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:405-11. [PMID: 25058512 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Common pharmacological treatments of neuropathic and chronic inflammatory pain conditions generally lack efficacy and/or are associated with significant untoward side effects. However, recent preclinical data indicate that combined inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the primary catabolic enzyme of the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide; AEA), produces enhanced antinociceptive effects in a variety of murine models of pain. Accordingly, the primary objective of the present study was to investigate the consequences of co-administration of the COX inhibitor diclofenac and the highly selective FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 in models of neuropathic pain (i.e., chronic constrictive injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI)) and inflammatory pain induced by an intraplantar injection of carrageenan. Here, we report that combined administration of subthreshold doses of these drugs produced enhanced antinociceptive effects in CCI and carrageenan pain models, the latter of which was demonstrated to require both CB1 and CB2 receptors. The combined administration of subthreshold doses of these drugs also increased AEA levels and decreased prostaglandin levels in whole brain. Together, these data add to the growing research that dual blockade of FAAH and COX represents a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain states. PERSPECTIVE Tandem inhibition of FAAH and COX attenuates inflammatory and neuropathic pain states, which may avoid potentially harmful side effects of other therapeutic options, such as NSAIDs or opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W Grim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA.
| | - Sudeshna Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Steven G Kinsey
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
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