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Lau KJX, Gusareva ES, Luhung I, Premkrishnan BNV, Wong A, Poh TY, Uchida A, Oliveira EL, Drautz-Moses DI, Junqueira ACM, Schuster SC. Structure vs. chemistry: Alternate mechanisms for controlling leaf microbiomes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0275734. [PMID: 36943839 PMCID: PMC10030040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of phyllosphere microbiomes traditionally relied on DNA extracted from whole leaves. To investigate the microbial communities on the adaxial (upper) and abaxial (lower) leaf surfaces, swabs were collected from both surfaces of two garden plants, Rhapis excelsa and Cordyline fruticosa. Samples were collected at noon and midnight and at five different locations to investigate if the phyllosphere microbial communities change with time and location. The abaxial surface of Rhapis excelsa and Cordyline fruticosa had fewer bacteria in contrast to its adaxial counterpart. This observation was consistent between noon and midnight and across five different locations. Our co-occurrence network analysis further showed that bacteria were found almost exclusively on the adaxial surface while only a small group of leaf blotch fungi thrived on the abaxial surface. There are higher densities of stomata on the abaxial surface and these openings are vulnerable ports of entry into the plant host. While one might argue about the settling of dust particles and microorganisms on the adaxial surface, we detected differences in reactive chemical activities and microstructures between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Our results further suggest that both plant species deploy different defence strategies to deter invading pathogens on the abaxial surface. We hypothesize that chemical and mechanical defence strategies evolved independently for harnessing and controlling phyllosphere microbiomes. Our findings have also advanced our understanding that the abaxial leaf surface is distinct from the adaxial surface and that the reduced microbial diversity is likely a consequence of plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny J X Lau
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elena S Gusareva
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irvan Luhung
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Balakrishnan N V Premkrishnan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Wong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuang Yeow Poh
- Translational Respiratory Research Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akira Uchida
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elaine L Oliveira
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniela I Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ana Carolina M Junqueira
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephan C Schuster
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Bello D, Chanetsa L, Cristophi CA, Poh TY, Singh D, Setyawati MI, Christiani D, Chotirmall SH, Ng KW, Demokritou P. Chronic upper airway and systemic inflammation from copier emitted particles in healthy operators at six Singaporean workplaces. NanoImpact 2021; 22:100325. [PMID: 35559961 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toner-based printing equipment (TPE), including laser printers and photocopiers, utilize several engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to improve toner performance. Operation of TPE, which rarely employ any exposure controls, generates high exposures to nanoparticles that contain ENMs and complex organics. Epidemiological literature in copier operators documents respiratory effects, including nasal blockage, cough, excessive sputum, and breathing difficulties, cardiovascular effects, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, epidemiological studies in humans with adequate exposure assessment and dose-response analysis are lacking. We present herein the analysis of the upper airway and systemic inflammation in plasma of 19 healthy copier operators at six Singapore workplaces. We employed a repeated panel design (four biomarker measurements over two weeks) combined with a multi-marker approach (14 inflammatory cytokines in plasma and nasal lavage (NL)), and comprehensive exposure assessment using four distinct exposure metrics. We investigated spatial and temporal patterns of markers of upper airway and systemic inflammation and their association with various exposure metrics. Several inflammatory markers, namely fractalkine, IL-1β, and IL-1α in NL, and fractalkine, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in plasma, were strongly and positively associated with at least one exposure metric, whereas GM-CSF was negatively associated. The inflammation score was also strongly associated with TPE nanoparticle exposures. Exposure to TPE emissions induced moderate upper airway inflammation and stronger systemic inflammation in these healthy operators, characterized by upregulation of at least IL-1β, fractalkine, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β play an important role in orchestrating inflammatory responses in various clinical conditions, including cardiovascular and autoimmune disease, and likely trigger activation of endothelial cells, leading to overexpression of fractalkine, a chemokine that is involved in and associated with multiple disorders, including atherosclerosis and vascular disease. Future larger-scale epidemiological studies in these workers and consumers exposed chronically to TPE nanoparticle emissions and proactive interventions to reduce or eliminate TPE exposures are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhimiter Bello
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1, Rm 1310B, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 883 Broadway Street, Dugan 108-C, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Lucia Chanetsa
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 883 Broadway Street, Dugan 108-C, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Costas A Cristophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Arch. Kyprianos Str. 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Tuang Yeow Poh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1, Rm 1310B, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, #01-21, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - David Christiani
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1, Rm 1310B, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1, Rm 1310B, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, #01-21, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institution, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1, Rm 1310B, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, #01-21, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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3
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Guo NL, Bello D, Ye Q, Tagett R, Chanetsa L, Singh D, Poh TY, Setyawati MI, Chotirmall SH, Ng KW, Demokritou P. Pilot deep RNA sequencing of worker blood samples from Singapore printing industry for occupational risk assessment. NanoImpact 2020; 19:100248. [PMID: 33511305 PMCID: PMC7840153 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Several engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in toner-based printing equipment (TPE) including laser printers and photocopiers to improve toner performance. High concentration of airborne nanoparticles due to TPE emissions has been documented in copy centers and chamber studies. Recent animal inhalation studies by our group suggested exposure to laser printer-emitted nanoparticles (PEPs) increased cardiovascular risk by impairing ventricular performance and inducing hypertension and arrhythmia, consistent with global transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling results. There has been no genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of workers exposed to TPE emissions to systematically assess the occupational exposure health risks. In this pilot study, deep RNA sequencing of blood samples of workers in two printing companies in Singapore was performed. The genome-scale analysis of the blood samples from TPE exposed workers revealed perturbed transcriptional activities related to inflammatory and immune responses, metabolism, cardiovascular impairment, neurological diseases, oxidative stress, physical morphogenesis/deformation, and cancer, when compared with the control peers (office workers). Many of these disease risks associated with particle inhalation exposures in such work environments were consistent with the observation from the PEPs rat inhalation studies. In particular, the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was a top significantly perturbed pathway in blood samples from exposed workers compared with the office workers in both companies. The protein expression of sICAM was verified in plasma of exposed workers, showing a positive correlation with daily average nanoparticle concentration in indoor air measured in these two companies. Larger scale genomic and molecular epidemiology studies in copier operators are warranted in order to assess potential risks from such particulate matter exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Lan Guo
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Correspondence: ; Tel: 1-304-293-6455
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Rebecca Tagett
- BRCF Bioinformatics Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lucia Chanetsa
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tuang Yeow Poh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Sanjay H. Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Center, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Poh TY, Tiew PY, Lim AYH, Thng KX, Binte Mohamed Ali NA, Narayana JK, Mac Aogáin M, Tien Z, Chew WM, Wai Chan AK, Keir HR, Dicker AJ, Hassan TM, Xu H, Tee AKH, Ong TH, Koh MS, Abisheganaden JA, Chalmers JD, Chotirmall SH. Increased Chitotriosidase Is Associated With Aspergillus and Frequent Exacerbations in South-East Asian Patients With Bronchiectasis. Chest 2020; 158:512-522. [PMID: 32184111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase activity is an important innate immune defence mechanism against infection that includes fungi. The 2 human chitinases: chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acidic mammalian chitinase are associated to allergy, asthma, and COPD; however, their role in bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis-COPD overlap (BCO) is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the association between chitinase activity, airway fungi and clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis-COPD overlap? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective cohort of 463 individuals were recruited across five hospital sites in three countries (Singapore, Malaysia, and Scotland) including individuals who were not diseased (n = 35) and who had severe asthma (n = 54), COPD (n = 90), bronchiectasis (n = 241) and BCO (n = 43). Systemic chitinase levels were assessed for bronchiectasis and BCO and related to clinical outcomes, airway Aspergillus status, and underlying pulmonary mycobiome profiles. RESULTS Systemic chitinase activity is elevated significantly in bronchiectasis and BCO and exceed the activity in other airway diseases. CHIT1 activity strongly predicts bronchiectasis exacerbations and is associated with the presence of at least one Aspergillus species in the airway and frequent exacerbations (≥3 exacerbations/y). Subgroup analysis reveals an association between CHIT1 activity and the "frequent exacerbator" phenotype in South-East Asian patients whose airway mycobiome profiles indicate the presence of novel fungal taxa that include Macroventuria, Curvularia and Sarocladium. These taxa, enriched in frequently exacerbating South-East Asian patients with high CHIT1 may have potential roles in bronchiectasis exacerbations. INTERPRETATION Systemic CHIT1 activity may represent a useful clinical tool for the identification of fungal-driven "frequent exacerbators" with bronchiectasis in South-East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuang Yeow Poh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Pei Yee Tiew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Albert Yick Hou Lim
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kai Xian Thng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | | | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zhijun Tien
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wui Mei Chew
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kwok Wai Chan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Holly R Keir
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Scotland
| | - Alison J Dicker
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Scotland
| | | | - Huiying Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Augustine K H Tee
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Thun How Ong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mariko Siyue Koh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - James D Chalmers
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Scotland
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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5
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Setyawati MI, Singh D, Krishnan SPR, Huang X, Wang M, Jia S, Goh BHR, Ho CG, Yusoff R, Kathawala MH, Poh TY, Ali NABM, Chotirmall SH, Aitken RJ, Riediker M, Christiani DC, Fang M, Bello D, Demokritou P, Ng KW. Occupational Inhalation Exposures to Nanoparticles at Six Singapore Printing Centers. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:2389-2400. [PMID: 31967798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laser printers emit high levels of nanoparticles (PM0.1) during operation. Although it is well established that toners contain multiple engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), little is known about inhalation exposures to these nanoparticles and work practices in printing centers. In this report, we present a comprehensive inhalation exposure assessment of indoor microenvironments at six commercial printing centers in Singapore, the first such assessment outside of the United States, using real-time personal and stationary monitors, time-integrated instrumentation, and multiple analytical methods. Extensive presence of ENMs, including titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and silica, was detected in toners and in airborne particles collected from all six centers studied. We document high transient exposures to emitted nanoparticles (peaks of ∼500 000 particles/cm3, lung-deposited surface area of up to 220 μm2/cm3, and PM0.1 up to 16 μg/m3) with complex PM0.1 chemistry that included 40-60 wt % organic carbon, 10-15 wt % elemental carbon, and 14 wt % trace elements. We also record 271.6-474.9 pmol/mg of Environmental Protection Agency-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These findings highlight the potentially high occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles with complex compositions resulting from widespread usage of nano-enabled toners in the printing industry, as well as inadequate ENM-specific exposure control measures in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel I Setyawati
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Sriram P R Krishnan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- IOM Singapore , 237 Alexandra Road , 159929 , Singapore
| | - Xian Huang
- IOM Singapore , 237 Alexandra Road , 159929 , Singapore
| | - Mengjing Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Shenglan Jia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Bernice Huan Rong Goh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Chin Guan Ho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Ridhwan Yusoff
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Mustafa H Kathawala
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Tuang Yeow Poh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine , Nanyang Technological University , 11 Mandalay Road , 308232 , Singapore
| | | | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine , Nanyang Technological University , 11 Mandalay Road , 308232 , Singapore
| | | | - Michael Riediker
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- IOM Singapore , 237 Alexandra Road , 159929 , Singapore
| | - David C Christiani
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Philip Demokritou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Biomedical Science Institutes , Immunos, 8A Biomedical Grove , 138648 , Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry & Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University , 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One , 637141 , Singapore
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6
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Guo NL, Poh TY, Pirela S, Farcas MT, Chotirmall SH, Tham WK, Adav SS, Ye Q, Wei Y, Shen S, Christiani DC, Ng KW, Thomas T, Qian Y, Demokritou P. Integrated Transcriptomics, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Profiling in Rat Lung, Blood, and Serum for Assessment of Laser Printer-Emitted Nanoparticle Inhalation Exposure-Induced Disease Risks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6348. [PMID: 31888290 PMCID: PMC6940784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser printer-emitted nanoparticles (PEPs) generated from toners during printing represent one of the most common types of life cycle released particulate matter from nano-enabled products. Toxicological assessment of PEPs is therefore important for occupational and consumer health protection. Our group recently reported exposure to PEPs induces adverse cardiovascular responses including hypertension and arrythmia via monitoring left ventricular pressure and electrocardiogram in rats. This study employed genome-wide mRNA and miRNA profiling in rat lung and blood integrated with metabolomics and lipidomics profiling in rat serum to identify biomarkers for assessing PEPs-induced disease risks. Whole-body inhalation of PEPs perturbed transcriptional activities associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and neural disorders at every observed time point in both rat lung and blood during the 21 days of exposure. Furthermore, the systematic analysis revealed PEPs-induced transcriptomic changes linking to other disease risks in rats, including diabetes, congenital defects, auto-recessive disorders, physical deformation, and carcinogenesis. The results were also confirmed with global metabolomics profiling in rat serum. Among the validated metabolites and lipids, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, docosahexanoic acid, and histidine showed significant variation in PEPs-exposed rat serum. Overall, the identified PEPs-induced dysregulated genes, molecular pathways and functions, and miRNA-mediated transcriptional activities provide important insights into the disease mechanisms. The discovered important mRNAs, miRNAs, lipids and metabolites may serve as candidate biomarkers for future occupational and medical surveillance studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study systematically integrating in vivo, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics to assess PEPs inhalation exposure-induced disease risks using a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Lan Guo
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Tuang Yeow Poh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (T.Y.P.); (S.H.C.); (S.S.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Sandra Pirela
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.P.); (K.W.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Mariana T. Farcas
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (M.T.F.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Sanjay H. Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (T.Y.P.); (S.H.C.); (S.S.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Wai Kin Tham
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (W.K.T.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Sunil S. Adav
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (W.K.T.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Qing Ye
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Sipeng Shen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (T.Y.P.); (S.H.C.); (S.S.); (D.C.C.)
| | - David C. Christiani
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (T.Y.P.); (S.H.C.); (S.S.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.P.); (K.W.N.); (P.D.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Treye Thomas
- Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Rockville, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (M.T.F.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.P.); (K.W.N.); (P.D.)
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7
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Poh TY, Ali NABM, Mac Aogáin M, Kathawala MH, Setyawati MI, Ng KW, Chotirmall SH. Inhaled nanomaterials and the respiratory microbiome: clinical, immunological and toxicological perspectives. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:46. [PMID: 30458822 PMCID: PMC6245551 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our development and usage of engineered nanomaterials has grown exponentially despite concerns about their unfavourable cardiorespiratory consequence, one that parallels ambient ultrafine particle exposure from vehicle emissions. Most research in the field has so far focused on airway inflammation in response to nanoparticle inhalation, however, little is known about nanoparticle-microbiome interaction in the human airway and the environment. Emerging evidence illustrates that the airway, even in its healthy state, is not sterile. The resident human airway microbiome is further altered in chronic inflammatory respiratory disease however little is known about the impact of nanoparticle inhalation on this airway microbiome. The composition of the airway microbiome, which is involved in the development and progression of respiratory disease is dynamic, adding further complexity to understanding microbiota-host interaction in the lung, particularly in the context of nanoparticle exposure. This article reviews the size-dependent properties of nanomaterials, their body deposition after inhalation and factors that influence their fate. We evaluate what is currently known about nanoparticle-microbiome interactions in the human airway and summarise the known clinical, immunological and toxicological consequences of this relationship. While associations between inhaled ambient ultrafine particles and host immune-inflammatory response are known, the airway and environmental microbiomes likely act as intermediaries and facilitate individual susceptibility to inhaled nanoparticles and toxicants. Characterising the precise interaction between the environment and airway microbiomes, inhaled nanoparticles and the host immune system is therefore critical and will provide insight into mechanisms promoting nanoparticle induced airway damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuang Yeow Poh
- Translational Respiratory Research Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Level 12, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Nur A'tikah Binte Mohamed Ali
- Translational Respiratory Research Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Level 12, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Translational Respiratory Research Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Level 12, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Mustafa Hussain Kathawala
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Haresh Chotirmall
- Translational Respiratory Research Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Level 12, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accounts for a large burden of lung disease. It can 'overlap' with other respiratory diseases including bronchiectasis, fibrosis and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). While COPD alone confers morbidity and mortality, common features with contrasting clinical outcomes can occur in COPD 'overlap syndromes'. Areas covered: Given the large degree of heterogeneity in COPD, individual variation to treatment is adopted based on its observed phenotype, which in turn overlaps with features of other respiratory disease states such as asthma. This is coined asthma-COPD overlap syndrome ('ACOS'). Other examples of such overlapping clinical states include bronchiectasis-COPD ('BCOS'), fibrosis-COPD ('FCOS') and OSA-COPD ('OCOS'). The objective of this review is to highlight similarities and differences between the COPD-overlap syndromes in terms of risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and potential treatment differences. Expert commentary: As a consequence of COPD overlap syndromes, a transition from the traditional 'one size fits all' treatment approach is necessary. Greater treatment stratification according to clinical phenotype using a precision medicine approach is now required. In this light, it is important to recognize and differentiate COPD overlap syndromes as distinct disease states compared to individual diseases such as asthma, COPD, fibrosis or bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuang Yeow Poh
- a Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Translational Respiratory Research Laboratory , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- a Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Translational Respiratory Research Laboratory , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Adrian Kwok Wai Chan
- b Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , Singapore General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Anthony Chau Ang Yii
- b Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , Singapore General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Valerie Fei Lee Yong
- a Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Translational Respiratory Research Laboratory , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Pei Yee Tiew
- b Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , Singapore General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Mariko Siyue Koh
- b Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine , Singapore General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Sanjay Haresh Chotirmall
- a Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Translational Respiratory Research Laboratory , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
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9
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Andiappan AK, Melchiotti R, Poh TY, Nah M, Puan KJ, Vigano E, Haase D, Yusof N, San Luis B, Lum J, Kumar D, Foo S, Zhuang L, Vasudev A, Irwanto A, Lee B, Nardin A, Liu H, Zhang F, Connolly J, Liu J, Mortellaro A, Wang DY, Poidinger M, Larbi A, Zolezzi F, Rotzschke O. Genome-wide analysis of the genetic regulation of gene expression in human neutrophils. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7971. [PMID: 26259071 PMCID: PMC4918343 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are an abundant immune cell type involved in both antimicrobial defence and autoimmunity. The regulation of their gene expression, however, is still largely unknown. Here we report an eQTL study on isolated neutrophils from 114 healthy individuals of Chinese ethnicity, identifying 21,210 eQTLs on 832 unique genes. Unsupervised clustering analysis of these eQTLs confirms their role in inflammatory responses and immunological diseases but also indicates strong involvement in dermatological pathologies. One of the strongest eQTL identified (rs2058660) is also the tagSNP of a linkage block reported to affect leprosy and Crohn's disease in opposite directions. In a functional study, we can link the C allele with low expression of the β-chain of IL18-receptor (IL18RAP). In neutrophils, this results in a reduced responsiveness to IL-18, detected both on the RNA and protein level. Thus, the polymorphic regulation of human neutrophils can impact beneficial as well as pathological inflammatory responses. Neutrophils are abundant immune cells important for antimicrobial defence and in autoimmunity. Here, by mapping expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in neutrophils of Chinese ethnicity from Singapore, Andiappan et al. provide a resource for understanding immune-related trait associated genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rossella Melchiotti
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuang Yeow Poh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Nah
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elena Vigano
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Doreen Haase
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurhashikin Yusof
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boris San Luis
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shihui Foo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhuang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anusha Vasudev
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome institute of Singapore (GIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Nardin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - John Connolly
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome institute of Singapore (GIS), Singapore, Singapore.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Melchiotti R, Puan KJ, Andiappan AK, Poh TY, Starke M, Zhuang L, Petsch K, Lai TS, Chew FT, Larbi A, Wang DY, Poidinger M, Rotzschke O. Genetic analysis of an allergic rhinitis cohort reveals an intercellular epistasis between FAM134B and CD39. BMC Med Genet 2014; 15:73. [PMID: 24970562 PMCID: PMC4094447 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular ATP is a pro-inflammatory molecule released by damaged cells. Regulatory T cells (Treg) can suppress inflammation by hydrolysing this molecule via ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1), also termed as CD39. Multiple studies have reported differences in CD39+ Treg percentages in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Hepatitis B and HIV-1. In addition, CD39 polymorphisms have been implicated in immune-phenotypes such as susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease and AIDS progression. However none of the studies published so far has linked disease-associated variants with differences in CD39 Treg surface expression. This study aims at identifying variants affecting CD39 expression on Treg and at evaluating their association with allergic rhinitis, a disease characterized by a strong Treg involvement. METHODS Cohorts consisting of individuals of different ethnicities were employed to identify any association of CD39 variants to surface expression. Significant variant(s) were tested for disease association in a published GWAS cohort by one-locus and two-locus genetic analyses based on logistic models. Further functional characterization was performed using existing microarray data and quantitative RT-PCR on sorted cells. RESULTS Our study shows that rs7071836, a promoter SNP in the CD39 gene region, affects the cell surface expression on Treg cells but not on other CD39+ leukocyte subsets. Epistasis analysis revealed that, in conjunction with a SNP upstream of the FAM134B gene (rs257174), it increased the risk of allergic rhinitis (P = 1.98 × 10-6). As a promoter SNP, rs257174 controlled the expression of the gene in monocytes but, notably, not in Treg cells. Whole blood transcriptome data of three large cohorts indicated an inverse relation in the expression of the two proteins. While this observation was in line with the epistasis data, it also implied that a functional link must exist. Exposure of monocytes to extracellular ATP resulted in an up-regulation of FAM134B gene expression, suggesting that extracellular ATP released from damaged cells represents the connection for the biological interaction of CD39 on Treg cells with FAM134B on monocytes. CONCLUSIONS The interplay between promoter SNPs of CD39 and FAM134B results in an intercellular epistasis which influences the risk of a complex inflammatory disease.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Apyrase/genetics
- Apyrase/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Epistasis, Genetic
- Genetic Variation
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Membrane Proteins
- Monocytes/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Reproducibility of Results
- Rhinitis, Allergic
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Melchiotti
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Doctoral School in Translational and Molecular Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Tuang Yeow Poh
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Mireille Starke
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Li Zhuang
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Kerstin Petsch
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Tuck Siong Lai
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138648, Singapore
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Zhang M, Poh TY, Louache F, Sundell IB, Yuan J, Evans S, Koka PS. Rescue of multi-lineage hematopoiesis during HIV-1 infection by human c-mpl gene transfer and reconstitution of CD34+ progenitor cells in vivo. J Stem Cells 2009; 4:161-177. [PMID: 20232601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytopenias arising from hematopoietic abnormalities are a severe common complication contributing to early mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. The proto-oncogene c-mpl, identified as the thrombopoietin receptor is involved in multilineage differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. We have introduced the c-mpl gene into CD34+ cells via transduction of the lentivirus p156RRLsinPPTmPGK-CMPL-PRE. The lentiviral construct expresses c-mpl on approximately 90% of purified CD34+ cells. These transduced cells have then been reconstituted into human fetal thymus/liver implants in severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID-hu Thy/Liv). The c-mpl expression on transduced CD34+ cells is not susceptible to downregulation due to the effects of HIV-1 infection. Reconstituted CD34+ cells transduced with control lentivirus, p156RRLsinPPTmPGK-EGFP-PRE, express EGFP at > 90%. Reconstituted c-mpl expressing SCID-hu implants show almost maximum rescue (approximately 90%) of myelopoiesis, erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, during HIV-1 infection in vivo, at 6 weeks post-infection. We also show that the differentiated multi-lineage progeny colonies and thymocytes in mice reconstituted with the c-mpl transduced CD34+ cells, carry the HLA Class I loci phenotypes of these donor cells, in the implants of the recipient SCID-hu animals. We propose a gene therapeutic strategy, with c-mpl as the major genetic component, to address the morbidity and mortality resulting from cytopenias in HIV infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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12
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Poh TY, Pease J, Young JR, Bumstead N, Kaiser P. Re-evaluation of Chicken CXCR1 Determines the True Gene Structure. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16408-15. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800998200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Kaiser P, Poh TY, Rothwell L, Avery S, Balu S, Pathania US, Hughes S, Goodchild M, Morrell S, Watson M, Bumstead N, Kaufman J, Young JR. A genomic analysis of chicken cytokines and chemokines. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2006; 25:467-84. [PMID: 16108730 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2005.25.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As most mechanisms of adaptive immunity evolved during the divergence of vertebrates, the immune systems of extant vertebrates represent different successful variations on the themes initiated in their earliest common ancestors. The genes involved in elaborating these mechanisms have been subject to exceptional selective pressures in an arms race with highly adaptable pathogens, resulting in highly divergent sequences of orthologous genes and the gain and loss of members of gene families as different species find different solutions to the challenge of infection. Consequently, it has been difficult to transfer to the chicken detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the mammalian immune system and, thus, to enhance the already significant contribution of chickens toward understanding the evolution of immunity. The availability of the chicken genome sequence provides the opportunity to resolve outstanding questions concerning which molecular components of the immune system are shared between mammals and birds and which represent their unique evolutionary solutions. We have integrated genome data with existing knowledge to make a new comparative census of members of cytokine and chemokine gene families, distinguishing the core set of molecules likely to be common to all higher vertebrates from those particular to these 300 million-year-old lineages. Some differences can be explained by the different architectures of the mammalian and avian immune systems. Chickens lack lymph nodes and also the genes for the lymphotoxins and lymphotoxin receptors. The lack of functional eosinophils correlates with the absence of the eotaxin genes and our previously reported observation that interleukin- 5 (IL-5) is a pseudogene. To summarize, in the chicken genome, we can identify the genes for 23 ILs, 8 type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-gamma, 1 colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 2 of the 3 known transforming growth factors (TGFs), 24 chemokines (1 XCL, 14 CCL, 8 CXCL, and 1 CX3CL), and 10 tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members. Receptor genes present in the genome suggest the likely presence of 2 other ILs, 1 other CSF, and 2 other TNFSF members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Kaiser
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire RG20 7NN, U.K.
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