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Alexandrou C, Bacchio S, De Santis A, Dimopoulos P, Finkenrath J, Frezzotti R, Gagliardi G, Garofalo M, Hadjiyiannakou K, Kostrzewa B, Jansen K, Lubicz V, Petschlies M, Sanfilippo F, Simula S, Tantalo N, Urbach C, Wenger U. Probing the Energy-Smeared R Ratio Using Lattice QCD. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:241901. [PMID: 37390427 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.241901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a first-principles lattice QCD investigation of the R ratio between the e^{+}e^{-} cross section into hadrons and into muons. By using the method of Ref. [1], that allows one to extract smeared spectral densities from Euclidean correlators, we compute the R ratio convoluted with Gaussian smearing kernels of widths of about 600 MeV and central energies from 220 MeV up to 2.5 GeV. Our theoretical results are compared with the corresponding quantities obtained by smearing the KNT19 compilation [2] of R-ratio experimental measurements with the same kernels and, by centering the Gaussians in the region around the ρ-resonance peak, a tension of about 3 standard deviations is observed. From the phenomenological perspective, we have not included yet in our calculation QED and strong isospin-breaking corrections, and this might affect the observed tension. From the methodological perspective, our calculation demonstrates that it is possible to study the R ratio in Gaussian energy bins on the lattice at the level of accuracy required in order to perform precision tests of the standard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantia Alexandrou
- Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 20537 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Simone Bacchio
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alessandro De Santis
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Petros Dimopoulos
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma and INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/a (Campus), 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Jacob Finkenrath
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Roberto Frezzotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gagliardi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Garofalo
- HISKP (Theory), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kyriakos Hadjiyiannakou
- Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 20537 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Bartosz Kostrzewa
- High Performance Computing and Analytics Lab, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Jansen
- NIC, DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - Vittorio Lubicz
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre and INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcus Petschlies
- HISKP (Theory), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesco Sanfilippo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Simula
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Nazario Tantalo
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Carsten Urbach
- HISKP (Theory), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Urs Wenger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Alexandrou C, Bacchio S, Bergner G, Finkenrath J, Gasbarro A, Hadjiyiannakou K, Jansen K, Kostrzewa B, Ottnad K, Petschlies M, Pittler F, Steffens F, Urbach C, Wenger U. Quark and Gluon Momentum Fractions in the Pion from N_{f}=2+1+1 Lattice QCD. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:252001. [PMID: 35029455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.252001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We perform the first full decomposition of the pion momentum into its gluon and quark contributions. We employ an ensemble generated by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration with N_{f}=2+1+1 Wilson twisted mass clover fermions at maximal twist tuned to reproduce the physical pion mass. We present our results in the MS[over ¯] scheme at 2 GeV. We find ⟨x⟩_{u+d}=0.601(28), ⟨x⟩_{s}=0.059(13), ⟨x⟩_{c}=0.019(05), and ⟨x⟩_{g}=0.52(11) for the separate contributions, respectively, whose sum saturates the momentum sum rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantia Alexandrou
- Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Simone Bacchio
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Georg Bergner
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Jacob Finkenrath
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Andrew Gasbarro
- Albert Einstein Center, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Kyriakos Hadjiyiannakou
- Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | | | - Bartosz Kostrzewa
- High Performance Computing and Analytics Lab, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Konstantin Ottnad
- PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence and Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Marcus Petschlies
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
- Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Ferenc Pittler
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Fernanda Steffens
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
- Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Carsten Urbach
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
- Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Urs Wenger
- Albert Einstein Center, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, CERN, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
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3
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Alexandrou C, Bacchio S, Bergner G, Constantinou M, Di Carlo M, Dimopoulos P, Finkenrath J, Fiorenza E, Frezzotti R, Garofalo M, Hadjiyiannakou K, Kostrzewa B, Koutsou G, Jansen K, Lubicz V, Mangin-Brinet M, Manigrasso F, Martinelli G, Papadiofantous E, Pittler F, Rossi G, Sanfilippo F, Simula S, Tarantino C, Todaro A, Urbach C, Wenger U. Quark masses using twisted-mass fermion gauge ensembles. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.074515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Wilhelm MJ, Inderbitzin DT, Reser D, Halbe M, Van Tillburg K, Albrecht R, Müller SM, Wenger U, Maggiorini M, Rudiger A, Bettex D, Schüpbach R, Weber A, Benussi S, Von Segesser LK, Flammer AJ, Maisano F, Ruschitzka F. Outcome of inter-hospital transfer of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly 2019; 149:w20054. [PMID: 30995683 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2019.20054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY An extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system (ECMO), as a bridge to either recovery, a ventricular assist device (VAD), or heart or lung transplantation, may be the only lifesaving option for critically ill patients suffering from refractory cardiac, respiratory or combined cardiopulmonary failure. As peripheral hospitals may not offer ECMO treatment, tertiary care centres provide specialised ECMO teams for on-site implantation and subsequent patient transfer on ECMO to the tertiary hospital. This study reports the results of the largest ECMO transportation programme in Switzerland and describes its feasibility and safety. METHODS Patients transported on ECMO by our mobile ECMO team to our tertiary centre between 1 September 2009 and 31 December, 2016 underwent retrospective analysis. Implantation was performed by our specialised ECMO team (primary transport) or by the medical staff of the referring hospital (secondary transport) with subsequent transfer to our institution. Type of ECMO, transport data, patient baseline characteristics, operative variables and postoperative outcomes including complications and mortality were collected from medical records. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients were included (three patients excluded: one repatriation, two with incomplete medical records). Thirty-five patients (60%) received veno-venous, 22 (38%) veno-arterial and one patient (2%) veno-venoarterial ECMO. Forty-nine (84%) patients underwent primary and nine (16%) secondary transport. Thirty-five (60%) patients were transferred by helicopter and 23 (40%) by ambulance, with median distances of 38.1 (13–225) km and 21 (3-71) km respectively. No clinical or technical complications occurred during transportation. During hospitalisation, three patients had ECMO-associated complications (two compartment syndrome of lower limb, one haemothorax after central ECMO upgrade). Median days on ECMO was 8 (<1–49) and median days in hospital was 17 (<1–122). ECMO weaning was successful in 41 patients (71%), on-transport survival was 100%, 40 patients survived to discharge (69%), and overall survival was 67% (39 patients) at a median follow-up of 58 days (<1–1441). Cumulative survival was significantly affected by cardiogenic shock vs. ARDS (p = 0.001), veno-arterial and veno-venoarterial vs. veno-venous ECMO (p = 0.001) and after secondary vs. primary transport (p <0.001). The ECMO weaning rate was significantly lower after secondary transfer (22%, two patients, both vaECMO) vs. primary transfer (80%, p = 0.002, 39 patients of which 35 (71%) had vvECMO). CONCLUSIONS The first results of our ECMO transportation programme show its feasibility, safety and efficacy without on-site implant or on-transport complications or mortality. The favourable early survival may justify the large effort with respect to logistics, costs and manpower. With rising awareness, referring centres may increasingly consider this lifesaving option at an early stage, which may further improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Wilhelm
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Diana Reser
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Halbe
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Koen Van Tillburg
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Albrecht
- REGA, Schweizerische Rettungsflugwacht, Zurich Flughafen, Switzerland
| | | | - Urs Wenger
- Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Maggiorini
- Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Rudiger
- Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Bettex
- Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Schüpbach
- Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Weber
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Benussi
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas J Flammer
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Maisano
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
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Helmes C, Knippschild B, Kostrzewa B, Liu L, Jost C, Ottnad K, Urbach C, Wenger U, Werner M. The η′ meson at the physical point with Nf = 2 Wilson twisted mass fermions. EPJ Web Conf 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201817505025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present results for the η′ meson and the topological susceptibility in Nf = 2 flavour lattice QCD. The results are obtained using Wilson twisted mass fermions at maximal twist with pion masses ranging from 340 MeV down to the physical point. A comparison to literature values is performed giving a handle on discretisation effects.
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Klinzing S, Wenger U, Stretti F, Steiger P, Rushing EJ, Schwarz U, Maggiorini M. Neurologic Injury With Severe Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Anesth Analg 2017; 125:1544-1548. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Aoki S, Aoki Y, Bečirević D, Bernard C, Blum T, Colangelo G, Della Morte M, Dimopoulos P, Dürr S, Fukaya H, Golterman M, Gottlieb S, Hashimoto S, Heller UM, Horsley R, Jüttner A, Kaneko T, Lellouch L, Leutwyler H, Lin CJD, Lubicz V, Lunghi E, Mawhinney R, Onogi T, Pena C, Sachrajda CT, Sharpe SR, Simula S, Sommer R, Vladikas A, Wenger U, Wittig H. Review of lattice results concerning low-energy particle physics: Flavour Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG). Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2017; 77:112. [PMID: 29033670 PMCID: PMC5588406 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, D- and B-meson physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the particle-physics community. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor [Formula: see text], arising in the semileptonic [Formula: see text] transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio [Formula: see text] and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the [Formula: see text] parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four B parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. The latter quantities are an addition compared to the previous review. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (also new compared to the previous review), as well as those for D- and B-meson-decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. Finally, we review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Aoki
- Center for Gravitational Physics, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Y. Aoki
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe (KMI), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, RIKEN BNL Research Center, Upton, NY 11973 USA
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, 305-0801 Japan
| | - D. Bečirević
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique (UMR8627), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C. Bernard
- Department of Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - T. Blum
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, RIKEN BNL Research Center, Upton, NY 11973 USA
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3046 USA
| | - G. Colangelo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Della Morte
- CP3-Origins and Danish IAS, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- IFIC (CSIC), c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - P. Dimopoulos
- Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi Compendio del Viminale, Piazza del Viminiale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy
- c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - S. Dürr
- University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- Jülich Supercomputing Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - H. Fukaya
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - M. Golterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Steven Gottlieb
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Hashimoto
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, 305-0801 Japan
- School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Tsukuba, 305-0801 Japan
| | - U. M. Heller
- American Physical Society (APS), One Research Road, Ridge, NY 11961 USA
| | - R. Horsley
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD UK
| | - A. Jüttner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - T. Kaneko
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, 305-0801 Japan
- School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Tsukuba, 305-0801 Japan
| | - L. Lellouch
- Centre de Physique Théorique, UMR 7332, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - H. Leutwyler
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - C.-J. D. Lin
- Centre de Physique Théorique, UMR 7332, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, 13288 Marseille, France
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010 Taiwan
| | - V. Lubicz
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Roma Tre, INFN, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - E. Lunghi
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - R. Mawhinney
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - T. Onogi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - C. Pena
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. T. Sachrajda
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - S. R. Sharpe
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560 USA
| | - S. Simula
- Sezione di Roma Tre, INFN, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - R. Sommer
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A. Vladikas
- Sezione di Tor Vergata, INFN, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - U. Wenger
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wittig
- PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Institut für Kernphysik and Helmholtz Institute Mainz, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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8
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Hofer KE, Faber K, Müller DM, Hauffe T, Wenger U, Kupferschmidt H, Rauber-Lüthy C. Acute Toxicity Associated With the Recreational Use of the Novel Psychoactive Benzofuran N-methyl-5-(2 aminopropyl)benzofuran. Ann Emerg Med 2016; 69:79-82. [PMID: 27156124 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-5-(2 aminopropyl)benzofuran (5-MAPB) is a novel psychoactive benzofuran, created by N-methylation of 5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran (5-APB), which shares structural features with methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). To our knowledge, no case of 5-MAPB-related toxicity has been published in the scientific literature. We report a case of oral 5-MAPB exposure confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a 24-year-old previously healthy white man. Observed symptoms and signs such as paleness, cold and clammy skin, hypertension, elevated high-sensitive troponin T level, tachycardia, ECG change, diaphoresis, mild hyperthermia, mydriasis, tremor, hyperreflexia, clonus, agitation, disorientation, hallucinations, convulsions, reduced level of consciousness, and creatine kinase level elevation (305 IU/L) were compatible with undesired effects related to 5-APB or MDMA exposure. Signs and symptoms resolved substantially within 14 hours with aggressive symptomatic treatment, including sedation with benzodiazepines, external cooling, analgesia and sedation with fentanyl-propofol, and treatment with urapidil, an α-receptor-blocking agent. 5-MAPB showed first-order elimination kinetics with a half-life of 6.5 hours, comparable to the half-life of MDMA. According to the chemical structure, this case report, and users' Web reports, 5-MAPB appears to have an acute toxicity profile similar to that of 5-APB and MDMA, with marked vasoconstrictor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina E Hofer
- National Poisons Centre, Tox Info Suisse, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Katrin Faber
- National Poisons Centre, Tox Info Suisse, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M Müller
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Till Hauffe
- Division of Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Wenger
- Division of Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Kupferschmidt
- National Poisons Centre, Tox Info Suisse, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Rauber-Lüthy
- National Poisons Centre, Tox Info Suisse, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Abstract
We study the phase diagram of the two-dimensional N=1 Wess-Zumino model on the lattice using Wilson fermions and the fermion loop formulation. We give a complete nonperturbative determination of the ground state structure in the continuum and infinite volume limit. We also present a determination of the particle spectrum in the supersymmetric phase, in the supersymmetry broken phase and across the supersymmetry breaking phase transition. In the supersymmetry broken phase, we observe the emergence of the Goldstino particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Steinhauer
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Wenger
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Aoki S, Aoki Y, Bernard C, Blum T, Colangelo G, Della Morte M, Dürr S, El-Khadra AX, Fukaya H, Horsley R, Jüttner A, Kaneko T, Laiho J, Lellouch L, Leutwyler H, Lubicz V, Lunghi E, Necco S, Onogi T, Pena C, Sachrajda CT, Sharpe SR, Simula S, Sommer R, Van de Water RS, Vladikas A, Wenger U, Wittig H. Review of lattice results concerning low-energy particle physics. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2014; 74:2890. [PMID: 25972762 PMCID: PMC4410391 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-meson physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the particle-physics community. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor [Formula: see text], arising in semileptonic [Formula: see text] transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay-constant ratio [Formula: see text] of decay constants and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Chiral Perturbation Theory and review the determination of the [Formula: see text] parameter of neutral kaon mixing. The inclusion of heavy-quark quantities significantly expands the FLAG scope with respect to the previous review. Therefore, we focus here on [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-meson decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters, since these are most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. In addition we review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Aoki
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Y. Aoki
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe (KMI), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. Bernard
- Department of Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - T. Blum
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3046 USA
| | - G. Colangelo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Della Morte
- CP3-Origins & Danish IAS, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- IFIC (CSIC), c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - S. Dürr
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- Jülich Supercomputing Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A. X. El-Khadra
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - H. Fukaya
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - R. Horsley
- School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ UK
| | - A. Jüttner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - T. Kaneko
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - J. Laiho
- SUPA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
- Present Address: Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York USA
| | - L. Lellouch
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CPT, UMR 7332, 13288 Marseille, France
- Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, UMR 7332, 83957 La Garde, France
| | - H. Leutwyler
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - V. Lubicz
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - E. Lunghi
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Necco
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - T. Onogi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - C. Pena
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. T. Sachrajda
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - S. R. Sharpe
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560 USA
| | - S. Simula
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - R. Sommer
- NIC @ DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | | | - A. Vladikas
- INFN, Sezione di Tor Vergata, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - U. Wenger
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wittig
- PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Institut für Kernphysik and Helmholtz Institute Mainz, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Amrein K, Kachel N, Fries H, Hovorka R, Pieber TR, Plank J, Wenger U, Lienhardt B, Maggiorini M. Glucose control in intensive care: usability, efficacy and safety of Space GlucoseControl in two medical European intensive care units. BMC Endocr Disord 2014; 14:62. [PMID: 25074071 PMCID: PMC4118658 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Space GlucoseControl system (SGC) is a nurse-driven, computer-assisted device for glycemic control combining infusion pumps with the enhanced Model Predictive Control algorithm (B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany). We aimed to investigate the performance of the SGC in medical critically ill patients. METHODS Two open clinical investigations in tertiary centers in Graz, Austria and Zurich, Switzerland were performed. Efficacy was assessed by percentage of time within the target range (4.4-8.3 mmol/L; primary end point), mean blood glucose, and sampling interval. Safety was assessed by the number of hypoglycemic episodes (≤2.2 mmol/L) and the percentage of time spent below this cutoff level. Usability was analyzed with a standardized questionnaire given to involved nursing staff after the trial. RESULTS Forty medical critically ill patients (age, 62 ± 15 years; body mass index, 30.0 ± 8.9 kg/m2; APACHE II score, 24.8 ± 5.4; 27 males; 8 with diabetes) were included for a period of 6.5 ± 3.7 days (n = 20 in each center). The primary endpoint (time in target range 4.4 to 8.3 mmol/l) was reached in 88.3% ± 9.3 of the time and mean arterial blood glucose was 6.7 ± 0.4 mmol/l. The sampling interval was 2.2 ± 0.4 hours. The mean daily insulin dose was 87.2 ± 64.6 IU. The adherence to the given insulin dose advice was high (98.2%). While the percentage of time spent in a moderately hypoglycemic range (2.2 to 3.3 mmol/L) was low (0.07 ± 0.26% of the time), one severe hypoglycemic episode (<2.2 mmol/L) occurred (2.5% of patients or 0.03% of glucose readings). CONCLUSIONS SGC is a safe and efficient method to control blood glucose in critically ill patients as assessed in two European medical intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Amrein
- Medical University of Graz, Austria, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Roman Hovorka
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Medical University of Graz, Austria, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Plank
- Medical University of Graz, Austria, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Urs Wenger
- Medical University of Zurich, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lienhardt
- Medical University of Zurich, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Maggiorini
- Medical University of Zurich, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Klinzing S, Brandi G, Raptis DA, Wenger U, Weber D, Stehberger PA, Inci I, Béchir M. Influence on ICU course, outcome and costs for lung transplantation after implementation of the new Swiss transplantation law. Transplant Res 2014; 3:9. [PMID: 24690254 PMCID: PMC3975267 DOI: 10.1186/2047-1440-3-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Swiss organ allocation system for donor lungs was implemented on 1 July 2007. The effects of this implementation on patient selection, intensive care unit course, outcomes and intensive care costs are unknown. METHODS The first 37 consecutive lung transplant recipients following the implementation of the new act were compared with the previous 42 lung transplant recipients. RESULTS Following implementation of the new law, baseline characteristics and cumulative one-year patient survival were comparable in both groups (88.1% vs 83.8%, P = 0.58). The costs for each case increased by 35,000 euros after adoption of the new law. Stratifying patients after implementation of the law according to urgency status shows that urgent patients required longer mechanical ventilation (P = 0.04), a longer ICU stay (P = 0.045) and a longer hospital stay (P = 0.04) and ICU costs (median 64,050 euros) were higher compared to regular patients. CONCLUSION The new transplantation law has increased ICU costs with the implementation of the Swiss organ allocation system. Patients listed as 'urgent' contribute significantly to the increase in ICU costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Béchir
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Weber D, Cottini SR, Locher P, Wenger U, Stehberger PA, Fasshauer M, Schuepbach RA, Béchir M. Association of intraoperative transfusion of blood products with mortality in lung transplant recipients. Perioper Med (Lond) 2013; 2:20. [PMID: 24472535 PMCID: PMC3964322 DOI: 10.1186/2047-0525-2-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of intraoperative transfusion on postoperative mortality in lung transplant recipients is still elusive. METHODS Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to investigate the influence of red blood cells (RBCs) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) on mortality in 134 consecutive lung transplants recipients from September 2003 until December 2008. RESULTS Intraoperative transfusion of RBCs and FFP was associated with a significant increase in mortality with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.10 (1.03 to 1.16, P = 0.02) and 1.09 (1.02 to 1.15, P = 0.03), respectively. For more than four intraoperatively transfused RBCs multivariate analysis showed a hazard ratio for mortality of 3.8 (1.40 to 10.31, P = 0.003). Furthermore, non-survivors showed a significant increase in renal replacement therapy (RRT) (36.6% versus 6.9%, P <0.0001), primary graft dysfunction (PGD) (39.3% versus 5.9%, P <0.0001), postoperative need of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (26.9% versus 3.1%, P = 0.0019), sepsis (24.2% versus 4.0%, P = 0.0004), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (26.9% versus 3.1%, P <0.0001), infections (18.1% versus 0.9%, P = 0.0004), retransplantation (12.1% versus 6.9%, P = 0.039) and readmission to the ICU (33.3% versus 12.8%, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative transfusion is associated with a strong negative influence on outcome in lung transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Weber
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Silvia R Cottini
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Locher
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Urs Wenger
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Stehberger
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Mario Fasshauer
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Reto A Schuepbach
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Markus Béchir
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
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14
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Cottini SR, Wenger U, Sailer S, Stehberger PA, Schuepbach RA, Hasenclever P, Wilhelm M, Béchir M. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: beneficial strategy for lung transplant recipients. J Extra Corpor Technol 2013; 45:16-20. [PMID: 23691779 PMCID: PMC4557458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a therapeutic strategy has been very well documented for over a decade now with consistently positive remarks. The aim of the present study was analyzing the outcome of ECMO application in our lung transplant program, especially the feasibility and safety of our ECMO approach. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 15 patients recipients requiring ECMO support. We analyzed clinical data, complications, and survival of the lung-transplanted population that needed ECMO support at our institution from 2006-2009. During that period, 19 applications of ECMO were done on 15 adult patients with the following indications: primary graft dysfunction (10 patients), "bridge to transplantation" (five), pulmonary hypertension (three), and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (one). At 28 days, the overall survival was 93% (14 of 15 patients) and 12 of these patients (80%) survived at least 6 months. Complications included acute renal insufficiency with temporary need of renal replacement therapy (53%), bleeding (33%), critical illness polyneuropathy (66%), and reversible thrombocytopenia (73%). Based on the evaluation of the patients in this analysis, ECMO seems to be a safe therapeutic approach in lung transplant recipients with severe respiratory failure directly after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia R. Cottini
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Wenger
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Sailer
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul A. Stehberger
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto A. Schuepbach
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hasenclever
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wilhelm
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Béchir
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Wenger U, Neff TA, Oberkofler CE, Zimmermann M, Stehberger PA, Scherrer M, Schuepbach RA, Cottini SR, Steiger P, Béchir M. The relationship between preoperative creatinine clearance and outcomes for patients undergoing liver transplantation: a retrospective observational study. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:37. [PMID: 23409777 PMCID: PMC3582487 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal failure with following continuous renal replacement therapy is a major clinical problem in liver transplant recipients, with reported incidences of 3% to 20%. Little is known about the significance of postoperative acute renal failure or acute-on-chronic renal failure to postoperative outcome in liver transplant recipients. Methods In this post hoc analysis we compared the mortality rates of 135 consecutive liver transplant recipients over 6 years in our center subject to their renal baseline conditions and postoperative RRT. We classified the patients into 4 groups, according to their preoperative calculated Cockcroft formula and the incidence of postoperative renal replacement therapy. Data then were analyzed in regard to mortality rates and in addition to pre- and peritransplant risk factors. Results There was a significant difference in ICU mortality (p=.008), hospital mortality (p=.002) and cumulative survival (p<.0001) between the groups. The highest mortality rate occurred in the group with RRT and normal baseline kidney function (20% ICU mortality, 26.6% hospital mortality and 50% cumulative 1-year mortality, respectively). The hazard ratio in this group was 9.6 (CI 3.2-28.6, p=.0001). Conclusion This study shows that in liver transplant recipient’s acute renal failure with postoperative RRT is associated with mortality and the mortality rate is higher than in patients with acute-on-chronic renal failure and postoperative renal replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Wenger
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, CH 8091, Switzerland
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16
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Plecka Östlund M, Wenger U, Mattsson F, Ebrahim F, Botha A, Lagergren J. Population-based study of the need for cholecystectomy after obesity surgery. Br J Surg 2012; 99:864-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.8701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Weight loss following obesity surgery is associated with gallstone formation, but there is limited evidence on whether prophylactic cholecystectomy is indicated during obesity surgery. The aim of this study was to clarify the need for cholecystectomy following obesity surgery.
Methods
A Swedish nationwide, population-based cohort study was conducted during the 22-year interval 1987–2008. Need for later cholecystectomy for gallstone disease was assessed in patients who had undergone obesity surgery in comparison with the general population of corresponding age, sex and calendar year. This need was also compared with the need for cholecystectomy in cohorts of patients who had undergone antireflux surgery and appendicectomy. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals (c.i.) were calculated to estimate the relative risk.
Results
In the obesity surgery cohort of 13 443 patients, the observed number of cholecystectomies (1149, 8·5 per cent) exceeded the expected number by over fivefold (SIR 5·5, 95 per cent c.i. 5·1 to 5·8). The observed need for imperative cholecystectomy (for cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, or jaundice; 427, 3·2 per cent) was also greater than expected (SIR 5·2, 4·7 to 5·7). The SIR peaked 7–24 months after obesity surgery and decreased with longer follow-up. The SIRs for cholecystectomy after antireflux surgery and appendicectomy were 2·4 (2·2 to 2·6) and 1·7 (1·6 to 1·7) respectively.
Conclusion
An increased need for cholecystectomy after obesity surgery was confirmed, but was probably partly due to an increased detection of gallbladder disease only because of the surgery; the individual's risk of imperative cholecystectomy was low. Therefore, prophylactic cholecystectomy might not be recommended during obesity surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Plecka Östlund
- Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Wenger
- Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Mattsson
- Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Ebrahim
- National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Botha
- Department of General Surgery, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
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17
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Blomberg J, Wenger U, Lagergren J, Arnelo U, Agustsson T, Johnsson E, Toth E, Lagergren P. Antireflux stent versus conventional stent in the palliation of distal esophageal cancer. A randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:208-16. [PMID: 19968614 DOI: 10.3109/00365520903443860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with incurable distal esophageal or cardia cancer often need palliative stenting to relieve their dysphagia but stents passing through the cardia can cause reflux and aspiration, leading to a reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL). This study addressed the hypothesis that antireflux stenting improves HRQL compared to conventional stenting. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a single-blind, multicenter, randomized trial in patients with inoperable esophageal or cardia cancer requiring palliative stenting passing through the cardia, 65 patients were stented. Patients received either an antireflux stent (Esophageal Z-Stent with Dua antireflux valve; n = 28) or a conventional stent (Esophageal Z-stent, Ultraflex or Wallstent; n = 37). Validated questionnaires (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OES18) were used to collect information on HRQL at baseline and 1 and 3 months after stenting. Main outcome measurements were differences in HRQL scores between baseline and 1 and 3 months after stenting. RESULTS Scores for most aspects of HRQL were similar in the two groups, and no statistically significant differences were found. Some general symptoms however showed clinically relevant improvement in the antireflux stent group, while esophageal-specific symptoms such as dysphagia seemed clinically better, and symptoms of reflux were clinically reduced in the conventional stent group but not in the antireflux stent group. CONCLUSION This study, although limited in size, provided no obvious support for using the antireflux stent in preference to the conventional stent in the palliation of distal esophageal or cardia cancer from an HRQL perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Blomberg
- Upper GastroIntestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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19
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Wenger U, Zimmerli L. [Hypertensive crisis]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2009; 98:115-121. [PMID: 19180435 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157.98.3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Urs Wenger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für innere Medizin, Universitätsspital Zürich.
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20
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Bergquist H, Johnsson A, Hammerlid E, Wenger U, Lundell L, Ruth M. Factors predicting survival in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer: a prospective multicentre evaluation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27:385-95. [PMID: 18081735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, with poor prognosis and severe morbidity. In majority of cases, palliative treatment is the only option available. AIM To find factors that can predict survival for patients with incurable cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction and hence aid in the choice of treatment. METHODS Ninety-six patients were included. Health-related quality of life questionnaires (EORTC QLQ C-30 and QLQ OES18) were administered and computerized tomography-derived size assessment of the primary tumours was performed. Univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analyses were used to determine potential predictors of survival. RESULTS Karnofsky Index, occurrence of metastases (M-stage), Union International Contre le Cancer-stage, computerized tomography-derived tumour size assessment and 10 of 25 scales and single items from the health-related quality of life questionnaires were found to be related to survival. In the multivariate analysis, three of the health-related quality of life questionnaire scales (physical functioning, fatigue and reflux) were found to add prognostic information to M-stage, the single strongest predictor (HR 1.9, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In addition to M-stage, the outcome of health-related quality of life questionnaires can sharpen the prediction of survival in patients with advanced cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction and thus aid in the choice of palliative treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bergquist
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
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21
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Wenger U, Johnsson E, Arnelo U, Lundell L, Lagergren J. An antireflux stent versus conventional stents for palliation of distal esophageal or cardia cancer: a randomized clinical study. Surg Endosc 2006; 20:1675-80. [PMID: 16960663 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-006-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-expandable metal stents placed across the esophagogastric junction for palliative treatment of malignant strictures may lead to gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary aspiration. This study compared the effects of a Dua antireflux stent with those of a conventional stent. METHODS Patients with incurable cancer of the distal esophagus or gastric cardia were randomly assigned to receive an antireflux stent (n = 19) or a standard stent (n = 22) at nine Swedish hospitals during the period September 1, 2003 to July 31, 2005. Complications were recorded at clinical follow-up visits. Survival rates were assessed through linkage to the Population Register. Dysphagia, reflux symptoms, esophageal pain, dyspnea, and global quality of life were assessed as changes in mean scores between baseline and 1 month after stent insertion through validated questionnaires. RESULTS No technical problems occurred during stent placement in the 41 enrolled patients. Fewer patients with complications were observed in the antireflux stent group (n = 3) than in the standard group (n = 8), but no statistically significant difference was shown (p = 0.14). The survival rates were similar in the two groups (p = 0.99; hazard ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-2.0). The groups did not differ significantly in terms of studied esophageal or respiratory symptoms or quality of life. Clinically relevant improvement in dysphagia occurred in both groups. Dyspnea decreased after antireflux stent insertion (mean score change, -11), and increased after insertion of standard stent (mean score change, +21). CONCLUSIONS Antireflux stents may be used without increased risk of complications, mortality, esophageal symptoms, or reduced global quality of life. These results should encourage large-scale randomized trials that can establish potentially beneficial effects of antireflux stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Wenger
- Unit of Esophageal and Gastric Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Wenger U, Johnsson E, Bergquist H, Nyman J, Ejnell H, Lagergren J, Ruth M, Lundell L. Health economic evaluation of stent or endoluminal brachytherapy as a palliative strategy in patients with incurable cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction: results of a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 17:1369-77. [PMID: 16292092 DOI: 10.1097/00042737-200512000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To relieve dysphagia is the main goal in palliative treatment of patients with incurable cancer of the oesophagus or the gastro-oesophageal junction. The aim of this prospective, randomized multicentre study was to compare stent placement and brachytherapy regarding health economy and clinical outcomes. METHODS Patients with incurable cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction were randomized to receive a self-expandable metallic stent or 3 x 7 Gy brachytherapy. At clinical follow-up visits, dysphagia was scored and health care consumptions were recorded. Costs were based on hospital debits. Total lifetime healthcare consumption costs and costs for the initial treatments were calculated and a sensitivity analysis was conducted. RESULTS Thirty patients were randomized to each treatment group. There was no difference in survival or complication rates between the two treatment strategies. There was a significant difference in the change of dysphagia scores between the time of inclusion and the 1-month follow-up visit, in favour of the stented group (P = 0.03). This difference had disappeared at 3 months. Median total lifetime costs were 17,690 for the stented group compared with 33 171 for the brachytherapy group (P = 0.005). This difference was due to higher costs for the initial treatment (4615 versus 23 857, P < 0.0001). Sensitivity analyses showed that the charges for a brachytherapy session had to be reduced from 6092 to 4222 (31%) to make this therapeutic concept cost-competitive. CONCLUSION Stenting is currently more cost-effective compared with fractionated 3 x 7 Gy brachytherapy for patients with incurable cancer of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Wenger
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bergquist H, Wenger U, Johnsson E, Nyman J, Ejnell H, Hammerlid E, Lundell L, Ruth M. Stent insertion or endoluminal brachytherapy as palliation of patients with advanced cancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Dis Esophagus 2005; 18:131-9. [PMID: 16045572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer often presents as advanced stage disease with a dismal prognosis, with only 10-15% of patients surviving 5 years. Therefore, in a large proportion of patients, palliative treatment is the only option available. The aim of this study was to prospectively compare the palliative effect of self-expandable stent placement with that of endoluminal brachytherapy regarding the effect on quality of life and on specific symptoms. Sixty-five patients with advanced cancer of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction were randomized to treatment with either an Ultraflex expandable stent or high-dose-rate endoluminal brachytherapy with 7 Gy x 3 given in 2-4 weeks. Clinical assessment and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were measured at inclusion and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months later. The HRQL was measured with standardized questionnaires (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Oesophageal Module and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Twenty-eight patients completed the stent treatment and 24 patients the brachytherapy. The group of patients treated with stent reported significantly better HRQL scores for dysphagia (P < 0.05) at the 1-month follow-up, but most other HRQL scores, including functioning and symptom scales, deteriorated. Among brachytherapy-treated patients, improvement was found for the dysphagia-related scores at the 3-months follow-up, whereas other significant changes of scores were few. The median survival time was comparable in the two groups (around 120 days). In conclusion, insertion of self-expandable metal stents offered a more instant relief of dysphagia compared to endoluminal brachytherapy, but HRQL was more stable in the brachytherapy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bergquist
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic insertion of self-expanding metal stents is used for palliative treatment of esophageal and cardia cancer, but the safety profiles, and the influence of age, sex, and hospital volume have not previously been evaluated in a population-based setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective population-based study was conducted, including all patients treated with esophageal stenting for malignant disease recorded in Swedish national registries in the period 1997 - 2000. Patients with esophageal or cardia cancer were identified in the cancer registry, and those treated with esophageal stenting were selected from the in-patient registry. Survival and emigration were assessed using the registries for causes of death and emigration, respectively. Procedure-related complications were assessed by reviewing medical records. RESULTS Among 1052 registered patients with esophageal or cardia cancer, 402 patients (38 %), with a median age of 74 years, were treated with esophageal stenting. After treatment, the median in-hospital stay was 7 days, and the median survival was 100 days. Survival times were similar between age groups and sexes. Stenting was conducted at 38 Swedish hospitals, with a range of 1-59 procedures at each hospital. Among 152 (38 %) patients who were evaluated for complications, 41 (27 %) had complications of some type, while 20 (13 %) experienced direct procedure-related complications. No differences in complication frequencies were found between high-volume and low-volume centers. There were only two procedure-related deaths (1 %), both due to esophageal perforation. No reduction in the median survival time was found in patients with complications. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with self-expanding metal stents is a widely used and reasonably safe procedure among patients with malignant dysphagia, independent of sex, age, or hospital volume in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Wenger
- Dept. of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rentsch HP, Bucher P, Dommen Nyffeler I, Wolf C, Hefti H, Fluri E, Wenger U, Wälti C, Boyer I. The implementation of the 'International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health' (ICF) in daily practice of neurorehabilitation: an interdisciplinary project at the Kantonsspital of Lucerne, Switzerland. Disabil Rehabil 2003; 25:411-21. [PMID: 12745951 DOI: 10.1080/0963828031000069717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current paper describes the implementation of ICF as a standard language and framework for description of human functioning and disability for common use in every day work by the multiprofessional team. METHOD An interdisciplinary project team involving all rehabilitation specialities was constituted. The extensive original document of ICF was broken down to a simplified raster for body functions and structures, activities and participation, as well as for contextual factors. These rasters had to cover the most important aspects concerning the patients treated on our unit. Checklists on the basis of these rasters were worked out for use by the different specialized teams. Using these checklists, rehabilitation conferences, form and language of interdisciplinary communication, goal setting and documentation were introduced newly in every day work for the interdisciplinary rehabilitation team, structured strictly based on the ICF-criteria. RESULTS Since April 2002 the ICF-based processes are implemented in routine work for all members of the rehabilitation staff. First experiences show good acceptance by the team members, improvements in communication and documentation as well as substantial gains in content and handling of rehabilitation conferences. As a result of the implementation we observed, that participation, context and domiciliary interventions gained quite more influence in every day work at the unit. CONCLUSION Implementation improved considerably the quality of interdisciplinary work processes and contributed to a more systematic approach to rehabilitation tasks by the team members.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Rentsch
- Unit for Neurorehabilitation, Kantonsspital, Spitalstrasse, CH-6000, Luzern 16, Switzerland.
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Kammermeier L, Leemans R, Hirth F, Flister S, Wenger U, Walldorf U, Gehring WJ, Reichert H. Differential expression and function of the Drosophila Pax6 genes eyeless and twin of eyeless in embryonic central nervous system development. Mech Dev 2001; 103:71-8. [PMID: 11335113 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the expression and function of eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy) in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila. Both genes are differentially expressed in specific neuronal subsets (but not in glia) in every CNS neuromere, and in the brain, specific cell populations co-expressing both proteins define a longitudinal domain which is intercalated between broad exclusive expression domains of ey and toy. Studies of genetic null alleles and dsRNA interference did not reveal any gross neuroanatomical effects of ey, toy, or ey/toy elimination in the embryonic CNS. In contrast, targeted misexpression of ey, but not of toy, resulted in profound axonal abnormalities in the embryonic ventral nerve cord and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kammermeier
- Institute of Zoology, Biocenter/Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Fenyö G, Boijsen M, Enochsson L, Goldinger M, Gröndal S, Lundquist P, Meldahl I, Nilsson M, Wenger U. [Acute abdomen calls for considerable care resources. Analysis of 3727 in-patients in the county of Stockholm during the first quarter of 1995]. Lakartidningen 2000; 97:4008-12. [PMID: 11036359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A total of 3,727 in-patients with acute abdominal symptoms were identified during the first quarter of 1995 at the surgical clinics of the nine hospitals with emergency departments in the county of Stockholm. The diagnoses were: non-specific abdominal pain 24%; cholecystitis 9%; appendicitis 8%; bowel obstruction 7%; intra-abdominal malignancy, diseases of the urinary tract and peptic ulcer 6% each; gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diverticulitis of the colon and pancreatitis 5% each; other diseases as a cause of abdominal symptoms, 19%. 1,601 operations were performed of which 47% were endoscopic procedures. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4.8 days. The length of stay increased significantly with age. The age-related relative frequency of hospitalization due to acute abdominal pain was also dramatically higher in the elderly cohorts. These facts and the prognosis of an 18% increase of inhabitants 50 years of age or older until 2010 in Greater Stockholm signal an increased need of hospital resources for this large group of patients in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fenyö
- Kirurgiska kliniken, Södersjukhuset
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Ljunggren S, Ljungquist PO, Wenger U, Wøien G, Berg JE, Dingle TW, Williams RV, Mahedevan R. The Significance of alpha-Sulfone and alpha-Sulfonate Groups for the Cleavage of beta-Aryl Ether Structures in Lignin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.37b-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Heikkilä J, Chattopadhyaya J, Wenger U, Wøien G, Berg JE, Dingle TW, Williams RV, Mahedevan R. The 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) Group for the Protection of Amino Functions of Cytidine, Adenosine, Guanosine and Their 2'-Deoxysugar Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.37b-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Klaveness J, Undheim K, Wenger U, Wøien G, Berg JE, Dingle TW, Williams RV, Mahedevan R. Reactions of 1,3-Dithian-2-ylium Tetrafluoroborate with Organocopper, Organolithium and Organomagnesium Derivatives. A Simple Synthesis of 2-Substituted 1,3-Dithianes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.37b-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Puukka M, Vilpo J, Wenger U, Wøien G, Berg JE, Dingle TW, Williams RV, Mahedevan R. A Microscale Synthesis of (2-14C)- and (methyl-14C)-5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine from Radioactive Thymidine Analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.37b-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Garegg PJ, Ossowski P, Wenger U, Wøien G, Berg JE, Dingle TW, Williams RV, Mahedevan R. Silver Zeolite as Promoter in Glycoside Synthesis. The Synthesis of beta-D-Mannopyranosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.37b-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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