Oculomotor palsy and supraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysms. Personal experience and review of the literature

Oculomotor palsy related to the presence of an intracranial aneurysm arising from the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) is a well known and described clinical condition. Recent microanatomical and clinical evidences seem to demonstrate that the pathophysiology of the aneurysm-related III nerve palsy could be interpreted as that of any other cranial nerve's neurovascular compression syndrome. The authors review their personal experience with supraclinoid ICA aneurysms related to oculomotor palsy and the data of the literature, aiming to elucidate a better clinical, therapeutic and prognostic correlation to these factors.

Synthesis of new [1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinone derivatives with antiinflammatory activity

New thiadiazolothienopyrimidinones were synthesized in continuation of efforts to prepare thienopyrimidine derivatives with analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. In this study, the effect of various substituents in the thiophene ring on the pharmacological activity of the compounds was investigated.

Synthesis of new thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities

A series of new 1,3-disubstituted thieno[1,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones were prepared to investigate their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of synthesized compounds were investigated by the phenylquinone-induced writhing syndrome test, carrageenan rat paw oedema test and acetic acid-induced peritonitis assay. Most of the new compounds were found to be superior to mefenamic acid, as they were devoid of any ulcerogenic activity.

Synthesis and pharmacological properties of thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrimido [2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives

A new series of 2-substituted-7,8-dimethyl-3H,9H-thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrimido[2,1- b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-9-ones 5a-d and 6a,b was synthesized through the hydrazinium(1+) salt of 3-amino-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-2-thioxo- thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one, 2. These derivatives and two analogs 10a,b were tested for their analgesic and antiinflammatory properties. The pharmacological results are discussed in comparison with those of related compounds previously tested.

Synthesis and pharmacological properties of benzothiazole, 1,3-4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives

The reaction of the 2-amino-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 9, 10 and the benzothiazoles 11, 12 with ethyl cyanoacetate is described. The obtained cyanoacetamide derivatives 13-16 gave the benzylidene derivatives 18-21 by condensation with benzaldehyde. 2-Phenyl-5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7-one (17) was also obtained. Moreover, the preparation of 6,7,8,9-tetraydro-5H-1,3,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin++ +-5-thio-derivatives 22-25 and N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl-5-substituted)-3,4-5,6-tetrahydro-anthran ilic acids 26-29 is also described. All above compounds and compounds, related to them, 1-8 were tested for their analgesic and antiinflammatory activities and the pharmacological screening results are reported and discussed.

Synthesis and pharmacological study of some 3-(isoxazol-5-yl)-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones

A number of new 3-(isoxazol-5-yl)-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones was prepared and tested, together a few analogues previously obtained, for their analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory activities, as well as for their acute toxicity and ulcerogenic effects. In the carrageenan rat foot edema model one of the tested compounds showed activity and LD50 comparable to that of ASA, but the ulceration index approximated zero value.

Parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34 and anti-inflammatory effect

We have studied the possible activity of the rat parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34, peripherally or centrally injected, on the vascular permeability induced by local administration of croton oil. Our study considered also the possible interference of parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34 on the release of histamine by mast cells and on the content of histamine in paw tissue. Parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34 significantly reduced the increase in vascular permeability produced in mice by local croton oil injection, as well as the serotonin-induced paw edema in the rat. These effects of parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34 were present only after peripheral administration. At the dose of 3.3 micrograms/kg, it decreased the histamine content in paw tissue. Peripheral administration of a calcium antagonist, such as nimodipine, at the dose of 50 micrograms/kg, or a metal-chelating agent, such as ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid, at the dose of 10 micrograms/kg, antagonized the anti-inflammatory effect of parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34. Moreover, at 10-100 microliters/ml it significantly decreased the histamine release by mast cells.

Researches on antiinflammatory agents. Studies on some 1-methyl- or 1-phenyl-6-(2-substitutedphenyl)-pyrazolo[3,4-d]-1,3-oxazin-4(1H)-ones

Following our research on analgesic and antiinflammatory active compounds containing the pyrazole nucleus, a number of new 1-methyl- or 1-phenyl-6-(2-substitutedphenyl)-pyrazolo[3,4-d]-1,3-oxazin- 4(1H)-ones was synthesized and tested, together with a few analogues previously obtained, for their analgesic and antiinflammatory activities, as well as for their acute toxicity and ulcerogenic effects. One of the tested compounds showed activity comparable to that of phenylbutazone and, at the same time, higher LD50 and a very low ulceration index.

Parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34 inhibits drug-induced inflammation in various experimental models

We investigated the effect of the administration of rat parathyroid hormone-(1-34) on acute or chronic inflammatory processes in different experimental animal models. Fragment 1-34 of parathyroid hormone had an inhibitory effect in all inflammatory acute tests. The dose-response experiments showed that the maximal anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative effects appeared at the dose of 3.30 and 0.33 micrograms/kg, respectively. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed in the first phase of the inflammatory process. In the carrageenin-induced edema test the anti-inflammatory activity began to decline after 180 min. In contrast, this peptide was inactive in the inflammatory chronic test we used.

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidobenzoxazole and pyrazolopyrimidobenzothiazole derivatives

As a part of research on polieterocycles compounds with condensed nuclei, containing pyrimidine ring, as potential antalgic/anti-inflammatory drugs, pyrazolopyrimidobenzoxazole and pyrazolopyrimidobenzothiazole were prepared and tested. None of the substances shows significative activities in vivo.

Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 3-alkylthio derivatives of isothiazolothieno-1,2,3-triazine

Some 3-alkylthio- derivatives of 7-chloroisothiazolothieno-1,2,3-triazine and of isothiazolothieno-1,2,3-triazin-7(4H)one were prepared. The synthesized compounds were subjected to pharmacological screening for antiallergic, antiinflammatory and analgesic activity as well as to a microbiological test in order to evaluate potential antifungal activity.