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Gineviciene V, Jakaitiene A, Aksenov MO, Aksenova AV, Druzhevskaya AM, Astratenkova IV, Egorova ES, Gabdrakhmanova LJ, Tubelis L, Kucinskas V, Utkus A. Association analysis of ACE, ACTN3 and PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms in two cohorts of European strength and power athletes. Biol Sport 2016; 33:199-206. [PMID: 27601773 PMCID: PMC4993134 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1201051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of professional strength and power athletes is influenced, at least partly, by genetic components. The main aim of this study was to investigate individually and in combination the association of ACE (I/D), ACTN3 (R577X) and PPARGC1A (Gly482Ser) gene polymorphisms with strength/power-oriented athletes' status in two cohorts of European athletes. A cohort of European Caucasians from Russia and Lithuania (161 athletes: by groups - weightlifters (87), powerlifters (60), throwers (14); by elite status - 'elite' (104), 'sub-elite' (57); and 1,202 controls) were genotyped for ACE, ACTN3 and PPARGC1A polymorphisms. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and/or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Statistically significant differences in ACTN3 (R577X) allele/genotype distribution were not observed in the whole cohort of athletes or between analysed groups separately when compared with controls. The odds ratio for athletes compared to controls of the ACE I/I genotype was 1.71 (95% CI 1.01-2.92) in the Russian cohort and for the ACE I/D genotype it was 2.35 (95% CI 1.10-5.06) in the Lithuanian cohort. The odds ratio of being a powerlifter in PPARGC1A Ser/Ser genotype carriers was 2.11 (95% CI: 1.09-4.09, P = 0.026). The ACTN3 (R577X) polymorphism is not associated with strength/power athletic status in two cohorts of European athletes. The ACE I/I genotype is probably the 'preferable genotype' for Russian athletes and the ACE I/D genotype for Lithuanian strength/power athletes. We found that the PPARGC1A (Gly482Ser) polymorphism is associated with strength/power athlete status. Specifically, the PPARGC1A Ser/Ser genotype is more favourable for powerlifters compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gineviciene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Lithuania
| | - A Jakaitiene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Lithuania
| | - M O Aksenov
- Department of Theory of Physical Culture, Buryat State University, Russia
| | - A V Aksenova
- Department of Theory of Physical Culture, Buryat State University, Russia
| | - A M Druzhevskaya
- St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Astratenkova
- St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - E S Egorova
- Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia
| | - L J Gabdrakhmanova
- Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia
| | - L Tubelis
- Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Lithuania
| | - V Kucinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Lithuania
| | - A Utkus
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Lithuania
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Mazeikiene A, Karciauskaite D, Burokiene N, Daunoravicius Z, Kucinskiene Z, Kucinskas V. Association of serum carotenoid concentration with single nucleotide polymorphisms in APOE, BCMO1, NPC1L1, CD36, GSTP1, ABCG5, FABP1, FABP2 and LIPC genes. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kasnauskiene J, Cimbalistiene L, Kucinskas V. Predicting a clinical/biochemical phenotype for PKU/MHP patients with PAH gene mutations. Genetika 2008; 44:1397-1403. [PMID: 19062537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) and mild hyperphenylalaninemia (MHP) are allelic disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). In this study, a total of 218 independent PAH chromosomes (109 unrelated patients with PKU residing in Lithuania) were investigated. All 13 exons of the PAH gene of all PKU probands were scanned for DNA alterations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). In the cases of a specific DGGE pattern recognised, mutations were identified by direct fluorescent automated sequencing or by restriction enzyme digestion analysis of a relevant exons. 25 different PAH gene mutations were identified in Lithuania. We estimated a connection between individual PAH locus mutations and biochemical and metabolic phenotypes in patients in whom the mutant allele acts on its own, i.e., in functionally hemizygous patients and using the assigned value (AV) method to determine the severity of both common and rare mutant alleles, as well as to check a model to predict the combined phenotypic effect of two mutant PAH alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kasnauskiene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius 08661, Lithuania
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Rossi E, Riegel M, Messa J, Gimelli S, Maraschio P, Ciccone R, Stroppi M, Riva P, Perrotta CS, Mattina T, Memo L, Baumer A, Kucinskas V, Castellan C, Schinzel A, Zuffardi O. Duplications in addition to terminal deletions are present in a proportion of ring chromosomes: clues to the mechanisms of formation. J Med Genet 2007; 45:147-54. [PMID: 18006671 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.054007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Ring chromosomes are often associated with abnormal phenotypes because of loss of genomic material at one or both ends. In some cases no deletion has been detected and the abnormal phenotype has been attributed to mitotic ring instability. We investigated 33 different ring chromosomes in patients with phenotypic abnormalities by array based comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). RESULTS In seven cases we found not only the expected terminal deletion but also a contiguous duplication. FISH analysis in some of these cases demonstrated that the duplication was inverted. Thus these ring chromosomes derived through a classical inv dup del rearrangement consisting of a deletion and an inverted duplication. DISCUSSION Inv dup del rearrangements have been reported for several chromosomes, but hardly ever in ring chromosomes. Our findings highlight a new mechanism for the formation of some ring chromosomes and show that inv dup del rearrangements may be stabilised not only through telomere healing and telomere capture but also through circularisation. This type of mechanism must be kept in mind when evaluating possible genotype-phenotype correlations in ring chromosomes since in these cases: (1) the deletion may be larger or smaller than first estimated based on the size of the ring, with a different impact on the phenotype; and (2) the associated duplication will in general cause further phenotypic anomalies and might confuse the genotype-phenotype correlation. Moreover, these findings explain some phenotypic peculiarities which previously were attributed to a wide phenotypic variation or hidden mosaicism related to the instability of the ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rossi
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Giannattasio S, Bobba A, Jurgelevicius V, Vacca RA, Lattanzio P, Merafina RS, Utkus A, Kucinskas V, Marra E. Molecular basis of cystic fibrosis in Lithuania: incomplete CFTR mutation detection by PCR-based screening protocols. Genet Test 2006; 10:169-73. [PMID: 17020467 DOI: 10.1089/gte.2006.10.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutational analysis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene was performed in 98 unrelated CF chromosomes from 49 Lithuanian CF patients through a combined approach in which the p.F508del mutation was first screened by allele-specific PCR while CFTR mutations in nonp.F508del chromosomes have been screened for by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. A CFTR mutation was characterized in 62.2% of CF chromosomes, two of which (2.0%) have been previously shown to carry a large gene deletion CFTRdele2,3(21 kb). The most frequent Lithuanian CF mutation is p.F508del (52.0%). Seven CFTR mutations, p.N1303K (2.0%), p.R75Q (1.0%), p.G314R (1.0%), p.R553X (4.2%), p.W1282X (1.0%), and g.3944delGT (1.0%), accounted for 10.1% of Lithuanian CF chromosomes. It was not possible to characterize 35.8% of the CF Lithuanian chromosomes. Analysis of intron 8 (TG)mTn and M470V polymorphic loci did not permit the characterization of the CFTR dysfunction underlying the CF phenotype in the patients for which no CFTR mutation was identified. Thus, screening of the eight CFTR mutations identified in this study and of the large deletion CFTRdele2,3(21 kb) allows the implementation of an early molecular or confirmatory CF diagnosis for 65% of Lithuanian CF chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giannattasio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, Bari, Italy.
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Stasiewicz-Jarocka B, Haus O, Van Assche E, Kostyk E, Constantinou M, Rybałko A, Krzykwa B, Marcinkowska A, Barisic I, Kucinskas V, Katuzewski B, Schwanitz G, Midro AT. Genetic counseling in carriers of reciprocal chromosomal translocations involving long arm of chromosome 16. Clin Genet 2005; 66:189-207. [PMID: 15324317 DOI: 10.1111/j.0009-9163.2004.00297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Families with balanced chromosomal changes ascertained by unbalanced progeny, miscarriages, or by chance are interested in their probability for unbalanced offspring and other unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. This is usually done based on the original data published by Stengel-Rutkowski et al. several decades ago. That data set has never been updated. It is particularly true for the subgroup with low number of observations, to which belong reciprocal chromosomal translocations (RCTs) with breakpoint in an interstitial segment of 16q. The 11 pedigrees from original data together with the new 18 pedigrees of RCT carriers at risk of single-segment imbalance detected among 100 pedigrees of RCT carriers with breakpoint position at 16q were used for re-evaluation of the probability estimation for unbalanced offspring at birth and at second trimester of prenatal diagnosis, published in 1988. The new probability rate for unbalanced offspring after 2 : 2 disjunction and adjacent-1 segregation for the total group of pedigrees was 4 +/- 3.9% (1/25). In addition, the probability estimate for unbalanced fetuses at second trimester of prenatal diagnosis was calculated as 2/11, i.e. 18.2 +/- 11.6%. The probability rates for miscarriages and stillbirths/early deaths were about 16 +/- 7.3% (4/25) and <2% (0/25), respectively. Considering different segment lengths of 16q, higher probability rate (0/8, i.e. <6.1%) for maternal RCT carriers at risk of distal 16q segment imbalance (shorter segment) was obtained in comparison with the rate (0/10, i.e. <4.8%) for RCT at risk of proximal segment imbalance (longer segment). It supports findings obtained from the original data for RCT with other chromosomes, where the probability for unbalanced offspring generally increased with decreasing length of the segments involved in RCT. Our results were applied for five new families with RCT involving 16q, namely three at risk of single-segment imbalance [t(8;16)(q24.3;q22)GTG, ish(wcp8+,wcp16+;wcp8-,wcp16+), t(11;16)(q25;q22)GTG, and t(11;16)(q25;q13)GTG] and two with RCT at risk of double-segment imbalance [t(16;19)(q13;q13.3)GTG, isht(16;19)(q13;q13.3) (D16Z3+,16QTEL013-D19S238E+,TEL19pR-; D16Z3-, D19S238E-,TEL19pR+), and t(16;20)(q11.1;q12)GTG, m ish,t(16;20)(wcp16+,wcp20+;wcp16+,wcp20+)]. They have been presented in details to illustrate how the available empiric data could be used in practice for genetic counseling.
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Płoski R, Butrimiene I, Kamińska E, Valiukiene K, Sliwińska P, Kubasiewicz E, Kozakiewicz A, Smerdel A, Kucinskas V, Jaworski J, Jastrzebska E, Forre O, Venalis A, Pazdur J. Rheumatoid arthritis in Poland and Lithuania: different clinical course and HLA associations despite similar genetic background. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:165-6. [PMID: 15608325 PMCID: PMC1755193 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.019158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
The genetic composition of the Lithuanian population was investigated by analysing mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region 1, RFLP polymorphisms and Y chromosomal biallelic and STR markers in six ethnolinguistic groups of Lithuanians, to address questions about the origin and genetic structure of the present day population. There were no significant genetic differences among ethnolinguistic groups, and an analysis of molecular variance confirmed the homogeneity of the Lithuanian population. MtDNA diversity revealed that Lithuanians are close to both Slavic (Indo-European) and Finno-Ugric speaking populations of Northern and Eastern Europe. Y-chromosome SNP haplogroup analysis showed Lithuanians to be closest to Latvians and Estonians. Significant differences between Lithuanian and Estonian Y chromosome STR haplotypes suggested that these populations have had different demographic histories. We suggest that the observed pattern of Y chromosome diversity in Lithuanians may be explained by a population bottleneck associated with Indo-European contact. Different Y chromosome STR distributions in Lithuanians and Estonians might be explained by different origins or, alternatively, be the result of some period of isolation and genetic drift after the population split.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kasperaviciūte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Abstract
We report the spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene mutations in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) residing in Lithuania. A total of 184 independent chromosomes was investigated. R408W mutation was first analysed through restriction enzyme digestion of exon 12. The remaining uncharacterised PKU chromosomes were analysed by scanning the whole coding sequence of PAH gene by multiplex 'broad range' denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Mutations were identified by fluorescent automated sequencing or by restriction enzyme digestion analysis if an abnormal DGGE pattern was recognised. 21 different mutations were identified for 175 PKU chromosomes, with a mutation detection rate of 95%. The most common ones were R408W (73.5% chromosomes) and R158Q (7.0% chromosomes) whereas the remaining mutations appeared to be rare (relative frequencies 0.5%-2%). The high mutation detection rate obtained is an evidence of the efficiency of PAH genetic testing achieved in Lithuania. Moreover, the definition of the PKU mutation profile in the Lithuanian population will allow to perform a genotype-phenotype correlation study thus making feasible genotyped-based prediction of the biochemical phenotype in newborns with hyperphenylalaninemia. This may be useful for refining diagnosis and anticipating dietary requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kasnauskiene
- Dept. of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Kurzawski G, Suchy J, Kładny J, Safranow K, Jakubowska A, Elsakov P, Kucinskas V, Gardovski J, Irmejs A, Sibul H, Huzarski T, Byrski T, Debniak T, Cybulski C, Gronwald J, Oszurek O, Clark J, Góźdź S, Niepsuj S, Słomski R, Pławski A, Łacka-Wojciechowska A, Rozmiarek A, Fiszer-Maliszewska Ł, Bebenek M, Sorokin D, Stawicka M, Godlewski D, Richter P, Brozek I, Wysocka B, Jawień A, Banaszkiewicz Z, Kowalczyk J, Czudowska D, Goretzki PE, Moeslein G, Lubiński J. Germline MSH2 and MLH1 mutational spectrum in HNPCC families from Poland and the Baltic States. J Med Genet 2002; 39:E65. [PMID: 12362047 PMCID: PMC1734972 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.10.e65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Kurzawski
- Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Academy of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland.
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Zerjal T, Beckman L, Beckman G, Mikelsaar AV, Krumina A, Kucinskas V, Hurles ME, Tyler-Smith C. Geographical, linguistic, and cultural influences on genetic diversity: Y-chromosomal distribution in Northern European populations. Mol Biol Evol 2001; 18:1077-87. [PMID: 11371596 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed 10 Y-chromosomal binary markers in 363 males from 8 populations in Northern Europe and 5 Y microsatellites in 346 of these individuals. These populations can be grouped according to cultural, linguistic, or geographical criteria, and the groupings are different in each case. We can therefore ask which criterion best corresponds to the distribution of genetic variation. In an AMOVA analysis using the binary markers, 13% of the Y variation was found between populations, indicating a high level of differentiation within this small area. No significant difference was seen between the traditionally nomadic Saami and the neighboring, historically farming, populations. When the populations were divided into Uralic speakers and Indo-European speakers, 8% of the variation was found between groups, but when they were divided according to geographical location, 14% of the variation was between groups. Geographical factors have thus been the most important in limiting gene flow between these populations, but linguistic differences have also been important in the east.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zerjal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England
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Utkus A, Kazakevicius R, Ptasekas R, Kucinskas V, Beckwith JB, Opitz JM. Human anotocephaly (aprosopus, acrania-synotia) in the Vilnius anatomical collection. Am J Med Genet 2001; 101:163-71. [PMID: 11391661 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A genetic theory of "multifactorial" malformations, i.e., anomalies of blastogenesis or organogenesis, involving polygenic predisposition with morphogenetic threshold effect, was developed by Sewall Wright in the 1920s and remains an essential basis of birth defects biology. Because of the phenomenon of universality, i.e., the deployment of identical inductive, or pattern-forming, upstream molecular mechanisms during the earliest stages of mammalian morphogenesis, Wright's work on guinea pig otocephaly is highly pertinent to "corresponding," i.e., homologous malformations in humans. This concept is illustrated on the hand of a human fetus in the Vilnius (Lithuania) Pathological Museum with anotocephaly, i.e., anencephaly and otocephaly so severe as to correspond to Wright's guinea pig otocephaly grade 11 or 12. The observation also supports our apology for old museums and old books as repositories for anomalies, no less important for their rarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Utkus
- Human Genetics Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Nedveckaite T, Motiejunas S, Kucinskas V, Mazeika J, Filistovic V, Jusciene D, Maceika E, Morkeliunas L, Hamby DM. Environmental releases of radioactivity and the incidence of thyroid disease at the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. Health Phys 2000; 79:666-674. [PMID: 11089803 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200012000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant consists of two Russian-made RBMK-1500 reactors. The plant uses Lake Druksiai as a natural reservoir for cooling water. Within the framework of the revised radiation dose limitation system, site-specific routine release conversion factors and maximum annual effective doses for the dominant radionuclides and pathways were evaluated for both atmospheric and aquatic releases. Using calculated release conversion factors, the locations of the highest predicted activity concentrations were determined for air and for the dilution zone of heated effluent water during the period 1984-1998. Committed effective doses for critical group members were less than 0.001 mSv for Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant airborne releases and less than 0.05 mSv for aquatic releases. These dose estimates are lower than the 1 mSv dose limit for the adjacent population. In the case of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, taking into account the uncertainties, a recommendation for the administrative dose constraint is 0.25 mSv y(-1). This dose level may scarcely affect human health. Interestingly, during screening for thyroid disorders, endocrinologists and pediatric-endocrinologists determined a dominance of abnormal thyroids (up to 60%) among school children in the vicinity of Ignalina NPP. The data on neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism and transient hyperthyrotropinemia, however, suggested a possibility that the majority of abnormal thyroid cases were related to stable iodine deficiency. Thus, the influence of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant on thyroid disorders is highly conjectural and unlikely to be associated with the observed levels of childhood thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nedveckaite
- Radiation Protection Department, Institute of Physics, Vilnius
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Van Landeghem GF, Tabatabaie P, Kucinskas V, Saha N, Beckman G. Ethnic variation in the mitochondrial targeting sequence polymorphism of MnSOD. Hum Hered 1999; 49:190-3. [PMID: 10436379 DOI: 10.1159/000022873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD), only a very limited number of mutations have been described in MnSOD. One interesting example is a polymorphism (Ala-9Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of this radical-scavenging enzyme. We have studied the Ala-9Val polymorphism in various ethnic groups by means of the oligonucleotide ligation assay. There were significant variations in this unique polymorphism between three different language groups: Baltic (Lithuanians), Finnic (Finns and Saamis) and Germanic (Swedes). The Ala frequency in an Asiatic population (Chinese) was significantly lower than in most European populations. This polymorphism may affect the mitochondrial targeting rate of MnSOD which may result in mitochondrial damage with implication in various late-onset neurological diseases.
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Sistonen P, Virtaranta-Knowles K, Denisova R, Kucinskas V, Ambrasiene D, Beckman L. The LWb blood group as a marker of prehistoric Baltic migrations and admixture. Hum Hered 1999; 49:154-8. [PMID: 10364680 DOI: 10.1159/000022864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeological findings and historical records indicate frequent migrations and exchange of genetic material between populations in the Baltic Sea area. However, there have so far been very few attempts to trace migrations in this area using genetic markers. We have studied the Baltic populations with respect to exceptional variations in the frequencies of the Landsteiner-Wiener (LW) blood group. The frequency of the uncommon LWb gene was high in the Balts, around 6% among Latvians and Lithuanians, very low among the other western Europeans (0-0.1%) and apparently absent in Asiatic and African populations. From the Baltic region of peak frequency there was a regular decline of LWb incidence (a descending cline) in the neighboring populations: 4.0% in the Estonians, 2.9% in the Finns, 2. 2% in the Vologda Russians, and 2.0% in the Poles. Thus the distribution of LWb suggests considerable and extensive Baltic admixture, especially in the north and northeast direction. In Southern Sweden with an LWb frequency of 0.3%, the Baltic influence appeared slight, while in the population of the Swedish island Gotland in the middle of the Baltic Sea there was a significantly increased LWb frequency of 1.0% compared with that of Western European countries. The distinction of codominantly inherited LW antigenic forms, LWa and LWb (previously Nea), is known to be due to a single base substitution. Based on our population data, it is plausible that the expansion of this point mutation occurred only once during human history. Furthermore, our data indicate that the expansion of the LWb mutation occurred in Balts and that LWb can be considered a 'Baltic tribal marker', its presence in other populations being an indicator of the degree of Baltic genetic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sistonen
- Finnish Red Cross Transfusion Service, Helsinki, Finland
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Kucinskas V, Payne AM, Ambrasiene D, Jurgelevicius V, Steponaviciūte D, Arciuliene JV, Daktaraviciene E, Bhattacharya S. Molecular genetic study of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa in Lithuanian patients. Hum Hered 1999; 49:71-4. [PMID: 10077725 DOI: 10.1159/000022847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithuanian patients with visual problems were clinically examined for retinitis pigmentosa (RP). A total of 33 unrelated families with autosomal dominant RP (adRP) were identified. Screening for mutations in the rhodopsin (RHO) and peripherin/RDS (RDS) genes was performed using DNA heteroduplex analysis. Direct DNA sequencing in the cases of heteroduplex formation showed the presence of the following mutations and polymorphisms in 14 adRP patients: RHO gene - Lys248Arg (1 case), and Pro347Leu (2 cases); RDS gene - Glu304Gln (12 cases), Lys310Arg (5 cases), and Gly338Asp (12 cases). The presence of these mutations (except Lys248Arg in the RHO gene) was confirmed by relevant restriction enzyme digestion. The frequency of the RDS gene mutations Glu304Gln and Gly338Asp was estimated to be 36.4%, while mutation Lys310Arg was less frequent (15.2%). These 3 RDS gene mutations appear to be polypeptide polymorphisms not related to adRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kucinskas
- Human Genetic Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Beckman L, Sikström C, Mikelsaar A, Krumina A, Kucinskas V, Beckman G. alpha1-antitrypsin (PI) alleles as markers of Westeuropean influence in the Baltic Sea region. Hum Hered 1999; 49:52-5. [PMID: 9858859 DOI: 10.1159/000022841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of alpha1-antitrypsin (PI) alleles was studied in an attempt to elucidate migrations and admixture between populations in the Baltic Sea region. The frequency of the PI Z allele, a typically Northwesteuropean marker gene, showed a highly significant regional variation in the Baltic Sea region. The highest frequency (4.5%) was found in the western part of Latvia (Courland). The PI S allele, another marker of Westeuropean influence, also showed an increased frequency in the Courland population. These results indicate that among the populations east of the Baltic Sea the Curonian population has the most pronounced Westeuropean influence. Archaeological data have shown that from the 7th century and for several hundreds of years Courland received immigrations from mainland Sweden and the island of Gotland. We speculate that the increased frequencies of the PI Z alleles and S alleles in Courland may have been caused by these migrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beckman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umeâ University, Umeâ, Sweden.
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Utkus A, Sorokina I, Kucinskas V, Röthlisberger B, Balmer D, Brecevic L, Schinzel A. Duplication of segment 1p21 following paternal insertional translocation, ins(6;1)(q25;p13.3p22.1). J Med Genet 1999; 36:73-6. [PMID: 9950373 PMCID: PMC1762944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2022]
Abstract
A moderately mentally retarded 3 year old boy showed minor anomalies including a prominent forehead and flat occiput, exophthalmos, large and prominent ears, high arched palate, umbilical hernia, sacral dimple, and irregular position of the toes. Cardiac sonography disclosed a chorda running through the left ventricle. Cytogenetic investigation of the family showed a balanced insertional translocation of segment 1p13-->p22 into distal 6q in the father which had led, through unbalanced segregation, to duplication of 1p13.3-->p22.1 in the proband. Familial duplication of such a small interstitial segment of 1p has not been reported previously, and the paucity of abnormal physical findings in the proband compared to previous patients with a similar aberration is remarkable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Utkus
- Human Genetics Center, University of Vilnius, Lithuania
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Van Landeghem GF, Beckman LE, Sikström C, Saha N, Kucinskas V, Beckman L. New DNA polymorphisms define ethnically distinct haplotypes in the human transferrin receptor gene. Hum Hered 1998; 48:245-50. [PMID: 9748693 DOI: 10.1159/000022811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a study of transferrin receptor (TFR) polymorphism in different ethnic groups using PCR and restriction cleavage we found a new Hin6I polymorphism in intron 7 and confirmed a tentative BanI polymorphism in exon 4 reported by Evans and Kemp [Gene 1997;199:123-131]. In all ethnic groups there was a complete and highly significant (p < 10(-10)) linkage disequilibrium where all BanI 1 alleles were linked to Hin6I 1 alleles. Furthermore in the European populations, but not in the Chinese, there was a close correlation between the three BanI-Hin6I haplotypes and the alleles of a previously described three-allelic RsaI polymorphism in the TFR gene studied by Southern blotting. There were distinct ethnic differences in TFR allele and haplotype frequencies. Thus the Saamis were significantly different from the other European ethnic groups, and the Lithuanians had a significantly increased frequency of the BanI 2-Hin6I 1 haplotype, suggesting that this marker may be informative in tracing prehistoric migrations and admixture by Baltic peoples. The new TFR polymorphisms and haplotypes may also be useful markers in studies of interactions with the transferrin and hemochromatosis genes, the genetic influence on body iron stores and disease associations.
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Beckman L, Sikström C, Mikelsaar AV, Krumina A, Ambrasiene D, Kucinskas V, Beckman G. Transferrin variants as markers of migrations and admixture between populations in the Baltic Sea region. Hum Hered 1998; 48:185-91. [PMID: 9694249 DOI: 10.1159/000022800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferrin (TF) types were examined by isoelectric focusing in an attempt to elucidate migrations and admixture between populations in the Baltic Sea region. A highly significant heterogeneity between populations was found with respect to TF*C subtypes as well as the rare TF variants B2, B0-1 and DCHI. With the exception for Estonia, increased frequencies of the TF*C3 allele were observed east of the Baltic Sea. The island of Gotland in the middle of the Baltic Sea also showed a high TF*C3 frequency indicating an eastern influence. The TF*DCHI allele, a marker of eastern (Finno-Ugric) influence, was found in Finland and Estonia and on the island of Gotland, but not in mainland Sweden and in the Baltic peoples (Latvians and Lithuanians). These results indicate the presence of a Finno-Ugric, most likely Estonian or Livonian, genetic influence in the Gotland population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beckman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umeå University, Sweden
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Libert F, Cochaux P, Beckman G, Samson M, Aksenova M, Cao A, Czeizel A, Claustres M, de la Rúa C, Ferrari M, Ferrec C, Glover G, Grinde B, Güran S, Kucinskas V, Lavinha J, Mercier B, Ogur G, Peltonen L, Rosatelli C, Schwartz M, Spitsyn V, Timar L, Beckman L, Parmentier M, Vassart G. The deltaccr5 mutation conferring protection against HIV-1 in Caucasian populations has a single and recent origin in Northeastern Europe. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:399-406. [PMID: 9466996 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR5 is encoded by the CMKBR5 gene located on the p21.3 region of human chromosome 3, and constitutes the major co-receptor for the macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1. A mutant allele of the CCR5 gene, Delta ccr5 , was shown to provide to homozygotes with a strong resistance against infection by HIV. The frequency of the Delta ccr5 allele was investigated in 18 European populations. A North to South gradient was found, with the highest allele frequencies in Finnish and Mordvinian populations (16%), and the lowest in Sardinia (4%). Highly polymorphic microsatellites (IRI3.1, D3S4579 and IRI3.2, D3S4580 ) located respectively 11 kb upstream and 68 kb downstream of the CCR5 gene deletion were used to determine the haplotype of the chromosomes carrying the Delta ccr5 variant. A strong linkage disequilibrium was found between Delta ccr5 and specific alleles of the IRI3.1 and IRI3.2 microsatellites: >95% of the Delta ccr5 chromosomes carried the IRI3.1-0 allele, while 88% carried the IRI3.2-0 allele. These alleles were found respectively in only 2 or 1.5% of the chromosomes carrying a wild-type CCR5 gene. From these data, it was inferred that most, if not all Delta ccr5 alleles originate from a single mutation event, and that this mutation event probably took place a few thousand years ago in Northeastern Europe. The high frequency of the Delta ccr5 allele in Caucasian populations cannot be explained easily by random genetic drift, suggesting that a selection advantage is or has been associated with homo- or heterozygous carriers of the Delta ccr5 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Libert
- IRIBHN and Service de Génétique Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Kucinskas V. Genetic services in Lithuania. Eur J Hum Genet 1998; 5 Suppl 2:121-4. [PMID: 9450208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Kucinskas
- Human Genetics Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Lithuania
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Giannattasio S, Jurgelevicius V, Lattanzio P, Cimbalistienè L, Marra E, Kucinskas V. Phenylketonuria mutations and linked haplotypes in the Lithuanian population: origin of the most common R408W mutation. Hum Hered 1997; 47:155-60. [PMID: 9156326 DOI: 10.1159/000154403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A genealogical study was performed in Lithuanian phenylketonuria (PKU) families with the aim of tracing the origins of the R408W/haplotype 2/VNTR3 allele. The relative frequency of six phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) mutations (R408W, R158Q, R261Q, G272X, IVS10nt-11g --> a, and IVS12nt1g --> a) common in Eastern European populations and their association with variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and short tandem repeat (STR) sites in the PAH gene were examined in 130 PKU Lithuanian chromosomes, including 95 of Baltic, 28 of Slavonic and 7 of unknown origin. R408W was found to be the most frequent (70%) mutation in both Balts or Slavonians with a uniform frequency distribution. No statistically significant differences in the frequency distribution of the other mutations analysed were found. In Balts and Slavonians, the R408W mutation is strongly associated with the three-copy VNTR and the 240-bp STR allele. The frequency of this association is 68% in both ethnic groups. The genealogical data provided in this paper indicate that the most common R408W/VNTR3/STR240 allele arose in ancient times possibly among pre-Indo-Europeans and suggest that the high frequency of the R408W mutation and associated minihaplotype in Balts of Lithuania is due to a founder effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giannattasio
- Centre for Studies of Mitochondria and Energy Metabolism, CNR, Trani, Italy
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Kucinskas V. Human mitochondrial DNA variation in Lithuania. Anthropol Anz 1994; 52:289-95. [PMID: 7840534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Variation in mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) was studied in a population sample of 154 Lithuanians after cleavage with 15 different restriction endonucleases and probing with cat mt-DNA. Polymorphic variations were found with 8 restriction endonucleases. The most frequent mt-DNA cleavage patterns (morphs) were HpaI-2 (98.7%), BamHI-1 (94.8%), HaeII-1 (91.0%), MspI-1 (99.3%), AvaII-1 (86.4%), and HincII-2 (99.4%). The morph HaeII-12 previously described in Finns was found in two Lithuanians. Altogether 16 mt-DNA types were observed in the Lithuanian population. Type 1 was the most common one (81.2%), type 6 less and type 21 more frequent than in other populations. Lithuanians have high index of homogeneity (F = 0.663) compared to other Caucasoid populations. However, there appeared to be some differences between the two main ethnic groups, Aukstaiciai (Highlanders) and Zemaiciai (Lowlanders) with respect to the distribution of mt-DNA types. Measurements of genetic distance based on mt-DNA types were small between Lithuanians and Finns and increased gradually in comparison between Lithuanians and Mediterranean populations, Asiatic Mongoloids and African Blacks, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kucinskas
- Human Genetics Center, Vilnius University, Lithuania
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Kucinskas V, Radikas J, Rasmuson M. Genetic diversity in the Lithuanian rural population as illustrated by variation in the ABO and Rh(D) blood groups. Hum Hered 1994; 44:344-9. [PMID: 7860088 DOI: 10.1159/000154242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Regional and temporal variations in the ABO and Rh blood group gene frequencies were studied in the rural population of Lithuania. The total material, comprising blood group data for about 37,000 individuals, was subdivided according to place of residence into 401 parishes, 44 administrative districts and 6 ethnolinguistic regions. A significant regional heterogeneity was found. Gene diversity figures were higher than those observed in some other countries when studied at similar hierarchical levels. The gene frequency variation at the district level was compared to expected effects of genetic drift and migration and it was estimated that a migration rate of 5-10% would counter genetic drift in the rural population of Lithuania.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kucinskas
- Human Genetics Center, Vilnius University, Lithuania
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Abstract
The frequency of carriers of the delta F508 mutation at the cystic fibrosis (CF) locus was studied in population samples of Finns, Lithuanians, Saamis (Lapps) and Swedes from northern Sweden. The carrier frequencies in northern Sweden (1:200) and in Lithuanians (1:143) were significantly lower than in southern Scandinavia (Denmark; 1:38). No delta F508 carriers were found in Finns (n = 171) and Saamis (n = 151). The results indicate that the frequency of delta F508 is low in Finno-Ugrian and Baltic populations, and the decreased frequency of delta F508 in northern Sweden may be due to Finnish and Saamish admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wennberg
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Umeå, Sweden
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Kucinskas V, Jurgelevicius V, Cimbalistiene L, Holmgren G. Distributions of phenylalanine hydroxylase mutations and haplotypes in Lithuanian phenylketonuria patients. Hum Hered 1994; 44:110-3. [PMID: 8188310 DOI: 10.1159/000154200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of phenylketonuria (PKU) mutations and haplotypes was studied in a sample of 50 families with at least one PKU child detected through the Lithuanian neonatal screening program from 1975 to 1992. Mutations were identified on 84 of the 100 alleles. Three mutations (R408W, R158Q, R261Q) together accounted for 78% of all chromosomes studied. The mutations IVS12nt1, IVS10nt546, 6272X, Q232Q were very rare. Nine different DNA haplotypes based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus were observed. The frequency of the mutant R408W is one of the highest in Europe. Most of the PKU patients were compound heterozygotes, and 47% were homozygotes for the mutations identified in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kucinskas
- Human Genetics Center, Vilnius University, Lithuania
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Kalaydjieva L, Dworniczak B, Aulehla-Scholz C, Devoto M, Romeo G, Sturhmann M, Kucinskas V, Yurgelyavicius V, Horst J. Silent mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene as an aid to the diagnosis of phenylketonuria. J Med Genet 1991; 28:686-90. [PMID: 1682495 PMCID: PMC1017055 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.28.10.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct sequencing of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene indicated the existence of silent mutations in codons 232, 245, and 385, linked to specific RFLP haplotypes in several Caucasian populations, namely Germans, Bulgarians, Italians, Turks, and Lithuanians. All three mutations create a new restriction site and can be easily detected on PCR amplified DNA. The usefulness of the silent mutations for diagnostic purposes depends on the haplotype distribution in the target population. The combined analysis of these markers and one or two PKU mutations forms a simple panel of diagnostic tests with full informativeness in a large proportion of PKU families, which helps to avoid the problems of genetic heterogeneity and of prenatal genomic Southern blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kalaydjieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Kalaydjieva L, Dworniczak B, Kucinskas V, Yurgeliavicius V, Kunert E, Horst J. Geographical distribution gradients of the major PKU mutations and the linked haplotypes. Hum Genet 1991; 86:411-3. [PMID: 1671852 DOI: 10.1007/bf00201847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of 81 phenylketonuria families from Bulgaria, Lithuania and eastern Germany demonstrated a high frequency of haplotype 2 and the associated Arg408----Trp408 substitution. Haplotype 3 and the splicing mutation in intron 12 are rare or absent in the groups studies. Pooling the data on European populations suggests a Balto-Slavic origin of the defect in codon 408 of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene and a geographical gradient in the distribution of both major PKU mutations which may contribute to the higher incidence of classic PKU in northern Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kalaydjieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Medical Academy, Institute of Obstetrics, Sofia, Bulgaria
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