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Rao SBN, Elangovan AV, Madiajagan B, Rajendran D, Franklin MEE, Gopi M, Pal D, Parthipan S, Nalina M, Dey DK, Manjunatha Reddy GB, Awachat VB. Production and Evaluation of Encapsulated Zinc Oxide on Performance, Ileal Digestibility and Zinc Transporter Gene Expression in Broiler Chicken. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5774-5785. [PMID: 36907933 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken for the production of encapsulated zinc and its evaluation in broiler chicken diet. The process of microencapsulation involved the use of polymers, gum arabic and maltodextrin with a maximum encapsulation of efficiency of 66%. Encapsulated material contained about 20% zinc oxide (ZnO) as core material following the freeze-drying process. One hundred and ninety-two-day-old broiler chicks were distributed in four groups in six replications having eight birds in each. The four groups comprised control (inorganic source of zinc), En-Zn-100 (encapsulated zinc at 100% of control), En-Zn-50 (encapsulated zinc at 50% of control), and Org-Zn-50 (Zn-methionine at 50% of control). The experiment was carried out for 35 days following standard management practices. The live weight gain, feed intake and FCR were comparable among groups. Plasma and muscle zinc (ppm) content was unaffected by the level or source of zinc supplementation. The zinc apparent ileal digestibility coefficient was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in En-Zn-50 fed groups, while crude protein digestibility was not affected by the level or form of Zn supplementation. Bone weight, length, and zinc content were comparable, and bone ash content was significantly different among the groups. Relative expression of ZnT2 was significantly upregulated in encapsulated zinc-fed groups. From the study, it could be concluded that supplementation of zinc either as encapsulated or organic form at 50% of inorganic source (ZnO) could be sufficient to maintain the growth performance, serum, tissue and bone mineral content in broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bagath Madiajagan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Duraisamy Rajendran
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Marappan Gopi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dintaran Pal
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - M Nalina
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Debpriyo Kumar Dey
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
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Saunshi YB, David CG, Pushpadass HA, Emerald Franklin ME, Awachat VB, Kadakol VR. Characterization of withanolides and bacoside A-loaded proniosomes: effect on oxidative stress and survival under hypergravity in rodent model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:748-758. [PMID: 38037324 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2286702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work provides characterization of withanolides and bacoside A proniosomes, and evaluating their potency in rat model for combating oxidative stress-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and their survival under hypergravity. SIGNIFICANCE The delivery system was aimed for sustained drug release in plasma and brain, which could improve their efficiency and provide a therapeutic approach to combat oxidative damage and restore BBB integrity. METHODS Proniosomes were prepared using withanolides extracted from the roots of W. somnifera and bacoside A derived from the leaf extract of B. monnieri by thin film hydration technique. In vitro release of withanolides and bacoside A from the proniosomes was studied. In vivo experiments were conducted in Wistar Albino rat model to evaluate the efficacy of drug-loaded proniosomes in improving the antioxidant activity in plasma and brain, restoring BBB integrity and combating hypergravity conditions. RESULTS The withanolides and bacoside A-loaded proniosomes showed slow and sustained release of just 62.0 ± 2.87 and 62.9 ± 3.41%, respectively, in 9 h period against the release of 98-99% for the extracts that served as control. Trials conducted in vivo revealed a significant (p < .05) increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in both plasma and brain. Also, minimal extravasation of Evans blue dye into the brain (15 ± 0.03 and 16 ± 0.03 ng/g in treated groups against 110 ± 0.01 ng/g in control) of the rats fed with drug-loaded proniosomes was indicative of minimal damage to BBB. Rats fed with drug-loaded proniosomes survived to the extent of 75-83.3% against simulated hypergravity as compared to the control group in which only 50% survived. CONCLUSION Proniosomes provided sustained release of drugs, which helped to protect BBB integrity, thereby combating hypergravity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corbon Godfrey David
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
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Madhusoodan AP, Bagath M, Sejian V, Krishnan G, Rashamol VP, Savitha ST, Awachat VB, Bhatta R. Summer season induced changes in quantitative expression patterns of different heat shock response genes in Salem black goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2725-2730. [PMID: 32144656 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Research efforts of elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing heat shock response which imparts thermo-tolerance ability to indigenous breeds are very scanty. Therefore, a study was conducted with the primary objective to determine the impact of heat stress on the expression pattern of different heat shock response genes in the hepatic tissues of indigenous Salem Black goat. The study was conducted for a period of 45 days in twelve 1-year-old female Salem Black breed goats. The animals were randomly allocated into two groups of six animals each, C (n = 6; Salem Black control) and HS (n = 6; Salem Black heat stress). The C animals were maintained in the shed in comfort condition while HS animals were exposed outside to summer heat stress between 10:00 h to 16:00 h during experimental period. The animals were slaughtered at the end of study and their liver samples were collected for assessing the different heat shock response genes. Based on the results obtained from the study it was established that the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP90, super oxide dismutase (SOD), nitrous oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) genes were significantly (P < 0.05) down regulated. However, heat stress did not influence the expression pattern of heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) gene. The lower level of expression of all heat shock response genes may be due to less magnitude of heat stress in the study to induce cellular stress response in Salem Black goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Madhusoodan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.,ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar Campus, Mukteshwar, India
| | - M Bagath
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - V Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.
| | - G Krishnan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - V P Rashamol
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - S T Savitha
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.,Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - V B Awachat
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - R Bhatta
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
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Oso AO, Suganthi RU, Reddy GBM, Malik PK, Thirumalaisamy G, Awachat VB, Selvaraju S, Arangasamy A, Bhatta R. Effect of dietary supplementation with phytogenic blend on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4755-4766. [PMID: 30951593 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation with phytogenic blend (PB) of Aerva lanata, Piper betle, Cynodon dactylon, and Piper nigrum on growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora were determined in a 42-day broiler feeding trial. A total of 192 broilers were assigned to 4 dietary treatments (6 replicates and 8 birds/replicate): basal diet, basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (chlortetracycline), 1% and 2% PB, respectively. The body weight gain (BWG) of starter chicks increased linearly (P = 0.023) as dietary supplementation levels of PB increased. At grower phase, broilers fed diet supplemented with 1% PB had similar BWG with the antibiotic group, but other treatments had reduced (P = 0.0001) BWG. Dietary supplementation with 1% PB resulted in the highest (P < 0.0001) BWG during the study. Feed intake was not affected by the treatments during the starter, finisher, and overall rearing periods. Broilers fed diet supplemented with 1% PB had the best (P < 0.0001) feed conversion ratio during the study. Overall, broilers fed only basal diet had the highest (P = 0.0450) mortality. Ileal organic matter (OM) digestibility increased linearly (P = 0.044) with broilers fed diet supplemented with PB, but reduced with antibiotic group. Dietary supplementation with 1% PB had the highest (P = 0.0402) ileal digestibility of tryptophan. In the duodenum, broilers fed diet supplemented with PB had longer (P = 0.0006) villi heights than the birds fed only basal diet, but similar with antibiotic group. Broilers fed diet supplemented with PB had longer (P = 0.0064) villi height in the jejunum than the antibiotic group. Bifidobacterium concentration of the cecum content showed a slight increase (P = 0.053) with increasing supplementation levels of PB. In conclusion, the current study shows that dietary supplementation with PB improves growth performance, intestinal morphology, and apparent ileal digestibility of OM and tryptophan in a dose-dependent manner with the best response at 1% inclusion level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Oso
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 10001, P.M.B. 2240, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - R U Suganthi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - P K Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - G Thirumalaisamy
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - V B Awachat
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - S Selvaraju
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - A Arangasamy
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - R Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
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Shet D, Ghosh J, Ajith S, Awachat VB, Bhat KS, Gowda NKS, Pal D, Elangovan AV. Dietary phytase supplementation during peak egg laying cycle of White Leghorn hens on nutrient utilization and functional gene mRNA expression in duodenum and kidney. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1499220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shet
- ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Ghosh
- ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Sreeja Ajith
- ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
- Department of Microbiology, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | - Dintaran Pal
- ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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Jose N, Elangovan AV, Awachat VB, Shet D, Ghosh J, David CG. Response of in ovo administration of zinc on egg hatchability and immune response of commercial broiler chicken. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:591-595. [PMID: 28990230 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of in ovo administration of different forms of zinc with respect to hatchability and performance of commercial broiler chicken. In trial 1, the fertile eggs on day 18 were divided into six treatment groups: Group I as control without any supplementation of zinc, group II to IV were supplemented with 0.5 mg zinc per egg as zinc sulphate, zinc methionine or nano zinc, respectively, and Group V with nano zinc at 0.25 mg zinc per egg. Sixth group received 0.5 ml citric acid per egg as sham control. The results of the first trial indicated that in ovo administration of nano zinc at both levels and zinc methionine resulted in complete failure of hatchability. A second trial to validate the result of trial 1 consisted of Group I control (no administration). Group II and Group III were supplemented with zinc sulphate and zinc methionine, respectively, at 0.5 mg zinc per egg. Group IV and Group V were supplemented with nano zinc at 0.04 and 0.08 mg per egg. In the second trial, again there was a similar pattern for zinc sulphate and zinc methionine. Administration of Zn by nano form had around 80% hatchability on fertile eggs in comparison with the unadministered control eggs (92%). There was no difference (p > .05) in body weight gain, feed intake and FCR. No difference (p > .05) was observed between treatments for cell-mediated immune response and humoral immune response. Nano Zn-administered group showed a non-significant downregulation of MUC2 gene. It could be concluded that in ovo administration of higher levels of zinc has to be with caution for the developing embryo of commercial broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jose
- ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - A V Elangovan
- ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - V B Awachat
- ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - D Shet
- ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - J Ghosh
- ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - C G David
- ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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